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General Packet Radio Service
Justin Champion
Room C208 - Tel: 3273www.staffs.ac.uk/personel/engineering_and_technology/jjc1
General Packet Radio Service
ContentsWhy do we need itDetails of GPRSSending of Packets
General Packet Radio Service
Value Added ServicesOperators have seen the use of data as a new
source of revenueThe potential for data use is
To sell the users the data applications To charge them for data needed to use them To charge other developers to allow the applications
on to the network
General Packet Radio Service
3G data use Although the UK operators have bought licensees to
use 3G the infrastructure is not ready The operators paid a lot for the radio spectrum
licenses This left little available for infrastructure upgrades Also devices were not ready to be used with 2 Mbps
Company Price Paid Company Price Paid
Hutchison 3G US$ 6.9 billion T-Mobile US$ 6.3 billion
Orange US$ 6.44 billion O2 US$ 6.35 billion
Vodafone US$ 9.4 billion
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) This standard was agreed by ETSI March 1998 It is designed to allow data communication to take
place within the existing GSM infrastructure. A few additional servers are added to the network to
allow this and these will be discussed later This is described as being a 2.5G technology To use GPRS you will need a GPRS enabled device
Existing GSM devices will not be able to make use of the additional features
General Packet Radio Service General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Features Higher connections speeds
Theoretical Maximum of 171 Kbps Interference Distance from transmitter All GSM channels would have to be dedicated to GPRS
communications This speed also does not take into account any error-correction Does not consider a device uploading data
Actually speeds with conditions taken into account is theoretically a maximum of 53.6 Kbps
Studies have show the average is usually about 30 – 40 Kbps Always on Data communications
No delay in setting up a data communication
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Devices In the standard there are three types of GPRS devices
A Capable of Simultaneous data transfer and voice communications
B Automatic switching between voice and data calls. This will need to
be configured on the device itself C
Switching between data and voice operated by the device user manually.
All of these standards are backwards compatible with the GSM networks for voice communications
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Relies on the fact that Internet communications are
bursty in nature A large amount of data will be received and the user will process
it before requesting more i.e. a web page A single voice circuit will from GSM will be broken into smaller
parts and the GPRS data is sent on this circuit.
All data is sent in packets Data must be broken into small packets These packets are re-assembled at the destination These packets add an overhead in the form of the packet header
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Channel Breakdown
Channel Use of the Channel
0 Voice
1 AAAABBABBAAAAFA
2 Voice
3 AAABAABAAAFAAAA
4 AAAFAFAFFFAFFFFB
5 BBBBABABAFFFFFFF
6 Voice
7 FFAFFAFFABABBBBB
Data UsersA = User 1B = User 2F = User 3
In this instance we have 3 voice calls and 5 users receiving data
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Channel Breakdown Continued A channel which is being used for GPRS data
Can only be shared between other GPRS users It can not be allocated in that time slot for GSM voice calls
Even if part of the time slot is available The use of GPRS will reduce the amount of voice calls that can
be made on that cell With enough data calls a cell will become useless for voice
callers, which require exclusive access to the time slots
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Multi slot classesClass Downlink Uplink Maximum Active
1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 2 2 3
4 3 1 4
5 2 2 4
6 3 2 4
7 3 3 4
8 4 1 5
9 3 2 5
10 4 2 5
11 4 3 5
12 4 4 5
General Packet Radio Service
GPRS coding schemes Depending on environment one of the following coding
schemes are used
Scheme Max Throughput per 1 Time Slot Error Checking
CS-1 8 Kbps Good
CS-2 12 Kbps Good
CS-3 14.4 Kbps Moderate
CS-4 20 Kbps Poor
Schemes CS-1 and CS-2 are usually used
General Packet Radio Service GPRS network layers
General Packet Radio Service GPRS network layers
SNDCP Provides services to the higher layers
Compression Connectionless, connection orientated services Multiplexing Segmentation
BSSGP Allows
Maps a SGSN to a BSS Control information between a BSS and a SGSN
BSS Refers to a base station and an associated Base station controller
General Packet Radio Service GPRS Infrastructure
As discussed earlier GPRS build upon the GSM networks. Network elements need changing
Base stations Requires a software upgrade
Base station controller Requires a software upgrade
New parts need adding Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Has VLR functionality Authorise attached users
Details recorded of data packets to be charged for Session Management Router for packets which may be lost during a handover during a data
call
General Packet Radio Service GPRS Infrastructure continued
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Is the connection into the GPRS network It carries out all translations that area required Firewall for the network Collates data regarding the amount of packets received
Potentially in the future this will allow for competing GGSN’s in a network! Free market choosing either the cheapest or most reliable GGSN!
There are 3 types of GGSN A – Near Future/Now
The GGSN becomes part of its own ISP and provides Internet services. The devices will be assigned IP address using DHCP.
B – Now The SSGN always selects the same GGSN to do the Internet work. The
configuration will be done dynamically and on a temporary basis C – Future
This allows a private company to have its own GGSN, with an encryption key so that only authorised devices can gain access. i.e. a VPN into a network, constant email access etc
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service
Packet Control Unit (PCU) Logically part of the Base station controller Responsible for the radio interface of GPRS
GPRS and SMS SMS messages are sent in GPRS as a part of the
normal data channels In GSM they are usually sent via the control channels
Why This changes has taken place ready for the Multimedia
Messaging service Due to the size of the messages
General Packet Radio Service
Current Supported Protocols IP
Internet Protocol Connectionless protocol, which delivers based on best effort Widely used in most networks
X.25 Connection orientated communications Reliability built in with error checking the header Uses Virtual circuits
Intended for terminal services Still used but is being replaced by other technologies
General Packet Radio Service
General Packet Radio Service Problems Initial problems existed in respect to the GPRS device
When launched there was only a few compatible devices These had poor features and terrible battery life There was nothing to use the increased data rate Limited advertising of the features of GPRS
Potentially this was an issue around how much the advertising of the WAP services cost operators
This is now changing O2 have seen a 25% growth in usage of GPRS data from Jan to
June 2003(http://www.ovum.com/go/content/c,36230, 2003)
General Packet Radio Service
Summary Why we need the technology What it is Infrastructure changes