642

most illustrious of his own profession, that we have penned thisbrief abstract of services which deserve a more copious recordand a more glowing eulogy.

TESTIMONIAL TO DR. BUDD.

WE this week refer to some pleasing proceedings conse-quent upon the presentation to Dr. George Budd, by his oldpupils, of a very handsome testimonial, upon the occasion ofhis retirement from King’s College. In the full vigour of in-tellectual activity, filling as he does with dignity a prominentplace in the foremost ranks of practising physicians, it wouldnot become us to say so much respecting his merits as we shouldfeel inclined to do were his retirement not confined to the postwhich he has so honourably filled for nearly a quarter of a cen-tury. But we cannot help pointing to his example as one whichis worthy of being more generally followed, and which wouldbe less remarkable were it not that comparatively few are giftedwith the liberality of sentiment and generous abnegation of selfsufficient to overcome the natural tenacity to office of men whohave arrived at a certain period of life. In giving place toyounger men-in quitting a chair for which long habit musthave induced in him a feeling of affectionate regard-Dr. Buddis resigning, not, as is too often the case, a position which hewas no longer capable of filling with advantage, but one whichmight still for a length of time, had he chosen to retain it, haveadded to his renown and administered to his fortune. The na-

tural regret which must be felt by those who have experiencedthe benefit of his teaching will be tempered by the knowledgethat, though lost to King’s College, he lives to the professionand the public at large, whilst their feelings of esteem will beaugmented by the reflection that he does not cast away a super-fluity, or relinquish that which he could no longer hold. Thoughhis voice be no more heard in the lecture-room, and his formbe wanting in the hospital theatre, the instruction which hepossessed so happy a facility of imparting will long live in thememory of those who were fortunate enough to sit at his feet,and will bear for years to come the fruit which must resultfrom good seed carefully sown by the skilful husbandman ofscience.

GENERAL COUNCILOF

MEDICAL EDUCATION & REGISTRATION.

MINUTES OF MEETING, WEDNESDAY, MAY 27, 1863.ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, LONDON.

MR. GREEN, President, took the chair at two o’clock.The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.Moved by Dr. Bond, seconded by Dr. Stokes, and agreed

to,-" That a Committee be appointed to take into considera-tion, and to report (during the present meeting) what furthersteps it is desirable for the Council to take in reference to theBritish Pharmacopoeia."

Read, the following letter from the Royal College of Sur-geons of England :-

"Royal College of Surgeons of England, May 4th, 1863."Sir,-I am desired to acquaint you, for the information of

the General Council of Medical Education and Registration,that the Council of this College, on the 13th June last, ap-pointed a Committee to consider whether any, and if so, whatalterations it would be proper to make in the regulations ofthis Council relating to the education and examination of can-didates for the diploma of Member of this College, so as tobring them more in accordance with the recommendations ofthe General Medical Council in reference to general and pro-fessional education.’ That this Committee addressed lettersto the Fellows and Members of the College holding appoint-ments in the hospitals, infirmaries, and other charitable insti-tutions of England and Wales, and to those engaged in largegeneral practice, in order to ascertain what opportunities areavailable throughout the country for practical instruction inmedicine and surgery, and what is their opinion on the best

mode of commencing professional education. The whole sub-ject of the College regulations was examined carefully at re.peated meetings of the Committee and of the Council. As thecircumstances of those who intend to adopt the medical pro.fession, and the opportunities of instruction within their reach,are extremely various, the Council are of opinion that the courseof education cannot be subjected to any absolute and inflexible,rule without great disadvantage, and even much unnecessaryhardship in particular cases.

" In the opinion of the Council, the leading principle in theeducation of those whose life will be devoted to the treatmentof accidents and diseases should be to make it as practical aspossible, especially at its outset. The minor duties of surgery,especially in the manipulative department, and the usual courseof injuries, diseases, and their treatment, can be understood ingreat measure without previous theoretic training ; they arematters of great interest in themselves, calculated to exciteand keep up the attention of the student, and to make himfeel the advantage, or rather the necessity, of that clearer

insight which is to be derived subsequently from scientificteaching in the schools. He thus becomes acquainted withthose ordinary duties of his profession with which he will beprincipally occupied from the very commencement of his activecareer, although in plain truth they cannot be learned in agreat school. The Council would think favourably of thearrangement, if the early portion of the medical education couldbe carried on at home, under the influence of domestic life andassociations, or in the house of a competent master, so that thedanger of sending an inexperienced youth into the world with-out guidance, and especially into a great metropolitan medicalschool, should be reduced to the smallest possible amount." The Council therefore are of opinion that an option should

be left to parents and guardians as to the time and manner inwhich that portion of study not spent in medical schools shouldbe employed, and accordingly propose to continue their regula-tions on the subject. They have at the same time introducedmodifications into their rules, calculated to provide againstirregularities and abuses, and to ensure the continued andefficient prosecution of the studies now required. Copies of theregulations, as thus amended, are herewith enclosed.

" I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant,Joseph Henry Green, Esq., &c." "EDMUND BELFOUR, Secretary.Moved by Dr. Storrar, seconded by Mr. Hargrave, and

agreed to,-" That the letter of the Royal College of Surgeonsof England now read be received, printed in the Minutes, andreferred to the Education Committee."

Read, the following letter from the President of the RoyalCollege of Surgeons of Edinburgh :-

" To the President of the General Medical Council." Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, May 19th, 1863.

" Sir,-I am directed by the Royal College of Surgeons ofEdinburgh, over which I have the honour to preside, to bringunder the notice of the General Medical Council at its ensuingmeeting the position in which the College has been placed bythe proceedings of the General Medical Council.

" The College adopted the whole of the recommendationsissued yearly by the General Medical Council. It did so inthe trust that other licensing bodies would likewise do so, andin the faith that, if they did not, the General Medical Councilwould not fail to endeavour to compel them to do so. I refermore especially to two of the most important of the recom--mendations issued by the General Council. 1. That afterSeptember, 1861, the Preliminary Examination in GeneralEducation be passed previous to the commencement of profes-sional study. 2. That the commencement of professional studybe understood to be the time of commencing study in a medicalschool.

" After due notice given to intending students of the ap-proaching changes, this College acted on these recommenda-tions, and accordingly no student beginning after September,1861, was allowed to register as a student of medicine duringsession 1861-2 who had not passed the whole of the PreliminaryExamination in General Education. In this course the Collegehad the co-operation of the Royal College of PhB sicians ofEdinburgh and the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of

Glasgow, by both of which bodies the same regulation was an.nounced and carried out. This recommendation, however, wasnot adopted or carried out by other bodies conferring qualifica-tions in Scotland (I refer to the Scottish Universities), theregulations of which require the Preliminary Examination inGeneral Education to be passed before the commencement ofprofessional study only as far as possible.’ Again, the recom-mendation defining the commencement of professional study to

643

be by attendance at a medical school has not been adopted by Examiners in Chemistry, Materia Medica, and Practical Phar-the Royal College of Surgeons of England, which recognises macy; two Examiners in the Principles and Practice of Medi-attendance at an hospital or dispensary, or pupilage with a cine ; two Examiners in the Principles and Practice of Surgery;surgeon, as modes of commencing professional study equally two Examiners in Midwifery and the Diseases peculiar towith attendance at a medical school; and the fact of that Col- Women.lege having issued such regulations contrary and subsequent to " I am also further directed to inform you that the Collegethe recommendations of the General Medical Council was pro- has passed the following regulations -That the University ofminently brought before the Council at its meeting in May, Athens be added to the other universities already qualifying1862. The Council, however, took no steps to enforce the adop- candidates for admission to the examination of this College.tion of its recommendations by the bodies whose regulations That the testamur of having passed the examination in Artswere not in accordance with them, and even refused to pass a at Codrington College, Barbadoes, be accepted in lieu of thevote of disapproval of the course pursued by a body which had examination on the subjects of general education, conducted byissued regulations contrary to the recommendations of the the Examiners of this College. That the certificate of theGeneral Council. By this course of procedure on the part of second class in Literature and Science of the Cape of Goodthe Council, this College was placed in a very difficult position, Hope should be accepted in lieu of the examination conductedand has reason to complain of having been led on by the Council in the College before the admission of students to professionalto adopt regulations, in the endeavour to carry out which it studies. " am, dear Sir, yours faithfully,has been deserted by the Council itself. " HENRY A. PITMAN, Registrar." I need hardly say that it is in vain for one licensing body George Burrows, M.D., &c. &c."

to endeavour to carry out a regulation requiring the Examina- Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Mr. Hargrave,tion in General Education to be passed before the commence- and agreed to,-" That the letter from the Registrar of thement of professional study, if the doors of other bodies are Royal College of Physicians of London to Dr. Burrows be re-open without such a condition ; or for one College of Surgeons ceived, printed on the Minutes, and referred to the Educationto define the commencement of professional study to be only Committee."

’

attendance at a medical school so long as another recognises Read, the following letter from the Director-General of theapprenticeship as one of the modes of constituting such com- Army Medical Department :-mencement. In consequence, therefore, of the failure of the "Army Medical Department, March 14th, 1889Medical Council to support the College in its endeavour to Sir,-I have the honour to forward the enclosed corre-carry out the recommendations of the Council, the College has " Sir,-I have the honour to forward the by which it willbeen compelled to suspend the operation of the regulations in be seen that the Council of this College has granted diplomas toquestion. This the College has done by attaching to sect. 1, its Fellows and Licentiates, testifying that they are qualifiedits to practice and Licentiates testing that they are qualifiedchap. iii., to sect. 2, chap. iv., and to sect. 3, chap. v. of its to practise Medicine as well as Surgery,’ and to inform youprinted regulations, issued in Aug. 1862, a footnote, intimating that, having submitted the same to the Right Hon. the Secre-that in consequence of the proceedings of the General Medical tary of State for War, together with your reply to the letter ofCouncil in May, 1862, this regulation will not take effect until the 12th ult., stating that you have no authority to answerfurther notice.’ This course was adopted by the College after the question as to whether the have no the licence answera conference with the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Royal College of to whether in Ireland, registered as such, isand the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, held qualified to practise Medicine as well as Surgery, I have beento consider the position in which the Colleges and Faculty were directed by Sir George Lewis as well as this question beenplaced by the above-mentioned proceedings of the Council. General Council George Lewis to refer this question to theIn regard to requiring the Examination in General Educa- General Council of Medical Education, and have therefore totion to be passed before commencing attendance at a medical request you will be pleased to submit the same to the nextschool, the College, without expressing any opinion upon the meeting of the General Council and to favour me with theirmerits of the question, is ready to enforce such a regulation, in reply. I have the honour to be, Sir, servant,the event of all the Colleges, Universities, and other licensing "Your most obedient humble servant,bodies engaging to do the same, from and after a certain date, "J. B. GIBSON, Direstor-General.doubt. date, "The Registrar, General Council of Medical Education."and in such a manner as shall leave no room for doubt.

" In regard to professional study, the College has avoided Moved by Mr. Hargrave, and seconded by Mr. Syme,-ambiguity by simply fixing the number of sessions of attend- That the licentiates of the Royal College of Surgeons m Ire-ance at a regularly constituted medical school as not less than land, registered as such, are qualified to practise both Medicinefour winter sessions or the alternative of three winter and two and Surgery, in accordance with the powers of the Medicalsummer sessions; and I have to suggest to you that by adopt- Act. "

ing a similar formula, the Council would avoid the difficulty The debate on this motion was adjourned.which, as experience has shown, arises from the use of a phrase

-

so ambiguous and so liable to evasion as that of professional MINUTES OF MEETING, THURSDAY, MAY 2S.study.’ ,

"I’may be permitted to add that the proceedings of the The adjourned debate was resumed on Mr. Hargrave’s mo.Medical Council above referred to have occasioned, not only tion.embarrassment to the College, but disappointment of the hopes Question put and carried,- That Mr. Syme be allowedentertained in the College of an improvement in medical educa- to withdraw his name as seconder of the foregoing motion."tion through the influence of the Council. Unless the Council Moved by Dr. Corrigan, and seconded by Dr. Smith,-will confine its recommendations (as distinguished from the "That the Registrar be directed to forward the followingmere expression of what it considers desirable) to what it is reply, with the documents referred to, to the Director-Generalable to enforce, and will show its intention to enforce them of the Army Medical Department :-without fail or delay, on any of the bodies which shall have "SIR—I am directed by the General Council of Medicalfailed to adopt them at the specified time, it is obvious that Education and Registration, in reply to the inquiry in yourthe influence of the Medical Council for good to the profession letter of 14th March, 1863, "whether Licentiates of the Royalmust be seriously impaired. College of Surgeons registered as such are qualified to practise

" I remain, Sir, your obedient servant, Medicine as well as Surgery, to inform you that a similar" P. NEWBIGGING, President." question has been already before the General Council, having

’ ’

been submitted to them by the Poor-law Board of England, inMoved by Dr. Storrar, seconded by Dr. Sharpey, and agreed a communication of August 5, 1859, and the reply of theto,-" That the letter of the President of the Royal College of General Medical Council will be found in the Minutes of theSurgeons of Edinburgh now read be received, printed on the Meeting of General Council of August 10, 1859; a copy ofMinutes, and referred to the Education Committee." which is herewith sent.Read, a letter addressed to Dr. Burrows, by the Registrar of 11 ‘ The General Council, in explaining in that Minute the na-the Royal College of Physicians of London :- ture of the qualifications or licences legally granted by the

"Royal College of Physicians, London, May 23rd, 1863. several licensing bodies, enumerated the Royal College of Sur-" Dear Sir,-I am directed to state, for the information of geons in Ireland among the bodies authorised to grant only a

the Medical Council, that this College has passed a bye law licence or diploma in Surgery. ,

(March, 1863,) providing for the appointment of an additional " ’ The Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland raised the ques-Examiner in Surgery. After June, therefore, the examina- tion again before the Poor-law Board of Ireland, in October,tions on the subjects of professional education will be con- 1862.

, .

ducted by-two Examiners in Anatomy and Physiology; two "’The Poor-law Commissioners of Ireland referred the matter

644

to the Law Officers of the Crown, the Attorney-General and Apothecaries’ Act, the Medical Act, the Royal Warrant, andthe Solicitor-General for Ireland. the objections of the Medical Council before him, states : 11 I" The following is their opinion :-" After perusing and con- have not the least doubt, therefore, of the Company of Apothe-

sidering the Charters of the College of Surgeons, we are of caries in Ireland being a body legally qualified and empoweredopinion that it has not the power, and is not competent to to grant licences to practise medicine, or of its Licentiates

grant a diploma or degree in Medicine " being.regularly qualified medical practitioners within the true

" ‘A copy of the opinion is herewith sent. The correspon- meaning and intent of the Medical Registration Act.’ There

pondence at length between the Poor-law Commissioners of can be no doubt of the right of existing and future LicentiatesIreland and the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland will be of the Apothecaries’ Hall, Dublin, to be registered under thatfound in the Annual Report (16th) of the Poor-law Commis- Act, and when registered as such Licentiates to practise medi-- sions for Ireland, dated March 21, 1863. cine ; the fact of being registered under the Medical Act is such" If the opinion of the Law Officers of the Crown of Ire- a certificate as justifies a civilian to practise medicine; and

land be correct, the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland has every person so registered has a good title to present himself atnot power, and is not competent to grant a diploma or degree the competitive examination."in Medicine."’ That the Company are induced thus briefly to restate theirAmendment moved by Dr. Storrar, and seconded by Dr. case, and from it to make another appeal to the General Coun-

Sharpey,-" That the Director-General of the Army Medical cil, with a hope that they will be led to see that it is a matter,Department be respectfully informed, that the question whether not of favour, but of simple justice, to recognise the licencethe Licentiates of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland of the Company as " a qualification in medicine," and thatare qualified to practise both Medicine and Surgery, is one of having accepted the course of study and examination to be gonelegal interpretation, on which the Council declines to pronounce through in order to obtain this qualification, and having finallyan opinion." admitted the Licentiates of the Apothecaries’ Hall of Ireland

The amendment was put, and negatived. to the Medical Register, the Council cannot judicially deny toThe original motion was then put, and carried. them the title which is common to all other persons similarlyDr. Andrew Wood required that the majority and minority circumstanced, to present themselves at the competitive ex-

on the original motion, be entered on the minutes. amination for the appointment of assistant-surgeon in herMajority.—Dr. Burrows, Dr. Bond, Dr. Embleton, Dr. Alex- Majesty’s service. Signed, on behalf of the Apothecaries’

ander Wood, Dr. Andrew Wood, Dr. A. Smith, Dr. Apjohn, Company of Dublin,Dr. Corrigan, Sir Charles Hastings, Mr. Teale, Dr. Stokes. Apothecaries’ Hall of Dublin, JEROME O’FLAHERTY.

Minority.—Dr. Acland, Dr. Storrar, Dr. Thomson, Mr. Har- 25th October, 1862.

grave, Dr. Sharpey. Moved by Dr. Storrar, seconded by Dr. Alexander Wood,Moved by Dr. Corrigan, seconded by Dr. A. Smith, and and agreed to,-" That the memorial from the Apothecaries’

.agreed to,-" That the Report of the Committee of the King Company, Dublin, be received and printed in the Minutes."And Queen’s College of Physicians in Ireland, on the recom- Moved by Dr. Leet, and seconded by Mr. Syme,-" Thatmendation of the General Council relative to Preliminary and the General Medical Council, having by their resolution of theProfessional Education (see p. 646), be printed in the Minutes." 9th August, 1859, declared ’that the licence of the Apothe-

Read, the following memorial from the Company of the caries’ Hall of Ireland is not equivalent to a degree from aApothecaries’ Hall of Dublin :- university or college authorized to grant such;’ and that this

...., resolution being at variance with the provisions of the Medical

.To the General Council ofmedical Educatioii and Registration Act, which does not recognise any difference in the qualifica-of the United Kingdom. tions of registered practitioners, as regards the right of prac-

The memorial of the Company of the Apothecaries’ Hall tioe, further than as those qualifications refer to medicine orof Dublin, surgery; that this Council now declare that the Licentiates of

Sheweth,-That by Royal Warrant for the regulation of the Apothecaries’ Hall of Ireland are admitted to registration-Medical Officers of the Army, bearing date the 1st of October, as practitioners in medicine."1858, and issued subsequently to the passing of the Medical The debate on this motion was adjourned.Act, it is required that every candidate for the Army Medical’Service, before being allowed to present himself at the compe- MINUTES OF MEETING, FRIDAY, MAY 29.titive examination, should, in addition to a diploma in Surgery, The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed." produce a qualification in Medicine, or a licence to practise it The minutes Committee meeting were read and confirmed.from one of the Colleges or bodies legally authorized to grant a The Finance Committee presented their report, from which.certificate to that effect, or that qualifies a civilian to practise it appeared the income of the Council for 1862 was £9661;medicine" in Great Britain or Ireland. the expenditure, £4822. The estimated income for 1863, .64793,

That the late Director-General of the Army Medical De- estimated expenditure, 4183_ ,

partment, and the late Secretary of State for War, signified The committee also append the following statement of thetheir intention to recognise the Licence.of the Company of the actual and prospective expense of the publication of the Regis-Apothecaries’ Hall of Dublin, as being one of the bodies ter, under the reduced charge for printing, and the arrangementenumerated in Schedule A of the Medical Act, as " a certifi- that 2000 copies in sheets are to be purchased for circulation bycate that qualifies a civilian to practise Medicine" referred to her Majesty s Government.dn the Warrant. 750 copies of the Medical Register for 1862 cost... £439 5 7

That the Medical Council, by raising doubts as to the suffi- Total receipts for sale of ditto............... 85 2 0

ciencyof the qualification granted by the Company, have pre-vented this recognition taking effect, and have thereby Loss in 1862 ........_ ...... £354 3 7entailed obloquy and injury upon the Company and their

’

Licentiates. 750 copies of the Medical Register for 1863, underThat the Company have left no means untried to satisfy the the new estimate (see General Minutes, No. 38,

JCouncil of the power of the Company to grant a Licence, such p. 2, and No. 42, p. 5, and Executive Com--as entitles its owner to practise Medicine, as well as of their mittee Minutes, No. 37, p. 2), cost......... X325 15 10Licentiates being both " de facto and de jure"anedical practi- 2000 copies in sheets to be-circulated by Govern- 168 0 0tioners; and in evidence thereof the Company have laid before ment .......................... 168 0 0

-the Council legal opinions by the highest authorities both in -

England and Ireland: to wit, the Right Honourable Joseph X493 15 10

Napier, late Attorney-General of Ireland, who states : " That, Probable produce by sale of the Medicalon a full consideration of the statutes and authorities (English Register for 1863, say.....£80 0 0

and Irish) I am of opinion that the legal rights and privileges By sale of 2000 to the Government ... 250 0 0of the Irish apothecary are not inferior to those of the English. - 330 0 0

That in the course of a considerable experience I have never ,

--

’known these rights or privileges doubted, or made a question Loss in 1863 ............... £163 15 10in Courts: several proceedings have taken place in later years In future years the cost of 2500 copies of the Me-to put down ignorant and unskilful persons who practised dical Register will be about copies of the Me- £475 0 0,though unlieensed, but the general rights of the licensed apothe-cary have not been, nor, as I conceive, could they have been And the produce of the sale about............ 330 0 0

properly questioned." And the Right Honourable Sir Richard Leaving a deficiency of about ..... £145 0 0Bethel late Attorney-Generai of England, who, with the Irish Leaving a deficiency of about ...... £145 0 0

645

TABLE of the Regulations of the Bodies mentioned in Schedule A to the Medical Act, relative to EDUCATION and EXAMINATIONS,showing their conformity or non-conformity with the Recommendations of the Medical Council.

Royal College of Phy-sicians, London.

Royal College of Surgeonsof England.

Society of Apothecaries,London.

University of Oxford.

University of Cambridge.

University of Durham.University of London.

Royal College of Phy-siciansof Edinburgh.

Royal College of Sur-geons, Edinburgh.

Faculty of Physicians andSurgeons, Glasgow.

University of Aberdeen.

University of Edinburgh.

University of Glasgow.

University of St. Andrew.

King and Queen’s Collegeof Physicians, Ireland.

Royal College of Sur-geons, Ireland.

Apothecaries’ Hall,Dublin.

University of Dublin.Queen’s University in

Ireland.

Examination in General Education(including Latin)

BEFORE Commencement ofProfessional Studies.

(Recommendations 1 and 5.)

Conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable,

Conformable. IConformable.

Not conformable. PreliminaryExamination before admission ’Ito the Professional Examina-tion.

Not conformable. Inconseqaenceof the roeeedings of the Gene-ral Council in May, 1862, theserecommendations will not becomplied with until furthernotice.

The same as preceding’.

Conformable.

Examination in General Educa-tion, as far as possible, prior tothe commencement of MedicalStudy. Exceptions extremelyfew. Practice conformable.

The same as preceding.

The same as preceding.

Examination in General Educa-tion previous to or within thefirst two years of ProfessionalStudy.

Conformable, ’but Regulationsuspended.

Conformable.

Conformable.Candidates recommended to passthe Matriculation Examina-tion prior to entering on thesecond period of ProfessionalStudies.

Commencement ofProfessional Studies

to be at aMedical School.

(Recommendation 2.)

Conformable.

Attendance on Lec-tures or HospitalPractice, or Re-gisteied Pupilage,considered as com-mencementofPro-fessional Studies.Not Conformable.Conformable.

Not conformable,

Conformable.

Conformable.Conformable.

Doubtful.

Not conformable.For the foregoingreason,postponed.

The same as pre-ceding.

Conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable.

The Practice con-

formable, but theRegulation not ex-plicitly stated.

Conformable.: Conformable.

1

Four Yearsat least of

ProfessionalStudiesrequired.

(Recom. 18.)

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

ConformableConformable

Conformable

4 years, toinclude notless than 4Wint.Sess.,or 3 Wint.Sess. and 2Sum. Sess.Postponedfor the fore-going rea-son.

The same aspreceding.

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

- Conformable

ConformabieConformable

Professional Examinations to bedivided into at least Two Parts ; theFirst to take place after Two Years,

the Second after Four Yearsof Study.

(Recommendation 19.)

For Licentiates.First Examin. after termination of 2andWint. Sess. of study at a recognisedMedical School; the Second after atleast 18 months from lst Examin.

Not conformable as regards Members.First Examination after the termina- Ition of the 2nd Winter Session ofattendance at a recognised School;the Second after the termination ofthe 4th year of Professional Educa-tion.

First Examination not conformable.

First Exam. after 2nd Sum. Sess.; theSecond after 4th Sum. Sess.

Conformable.Generally conformable.

Not conformable.

Conformable.

Conformable.Conformable.

Not conformable. Professional Exa-minations conducted either as a

whole or in parts.In case of Students, always in twoparts, but no distinction of intervalsof two years.

First Examination not sooner thanthe end of the 2nd Winter Session;the Second not before the termi-nation of the Winter Session of thelast year of study.

The same as preceding.

Three Professional Examinations; theFirst after 2nd year’s study; theSecond after arù year’s study; theThird after 4th year’s study. Can-didates may, if they choose, be ad-mitted to Examination on the firsttwo of these divisions at the end oftheir 3rd year, or to three Examina-tions at the end of their 4th year.

Not conformable.The same as above.Not conformable.

The same as above.Not conformable.The same as above.Not conformable.

Students recommended to divide theircourse of study into two periods oftwo years each. The Examinationis divided into two parts. Studentsmay be examined in the subjects ofthe first part at termination of firstperiod of study, or in all the subjectsof their Education on completion oftheir Medical Studies.

Conformable as to division of theExaminations, but First Examina-tion after three years’, and theSecond after four years’ study.

The Examination divided into twoparts. First Examination may be atthe close of the 2nd Winter Session ;the Second not before the completionof the 4th Winter Session.

Conformable.The First Examination may be passed

at the termination of the first periodof Curriculum, extending over twoyears; or at any subsequent period;or simultaneously with the DegreeExamination.

Twenty-oneto be the

earLiest agefor a

Licence.(Recom. 17.)

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Not stated.Not con-formable.

PracticaJIyin conform-ity, but nosuch regu-lation hasbeen framed.

ConformableConformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

Conformable

, Conformable

L !

Not stated.Not stated.

Candidates to signStatement that

they have not beenrejected withinThree Months.

(Recommend. 24.)

Conformable.

Not noticed-

Not noticed-

Not required..

Not required.All Students have, mfact, been requiredto do so by the Exa-miners ; but no for-mal Regulation hasbeen made.Not noticed.

Not noticed, butimplied.

Not noticed.

Not noticed.

Not notice&-

! Not noticed.-

Not noticecf.

Not noticed-

Not noticed.

Not required-

Conformable.-

Not required. 14question as to this:is put verbally tothe Candidate be-fore examination.Not noticed.Not required.

i

646

On the motion of Dr. Embleton, the Council resolved itselfinto a Committee on Education.

Dr. Embleton laid before the Council a corrected tabularstatement, showing the conformity or non-conformity of theregulations of the bodies in Schedule A with the recommenda-tions of the Medical Council, and the reasons for non-conformitygiven by the respective bodies.Moved by Dr. Embleton, seconded by Dr. Stokes, and agreed

to,-" That the corrected tabular statement, showing the con-formity or non-conformity of the regulations of the bodies inSchedule A with the recommendations of the Medical Council,be received and printed in the Minutes."

Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, and seconded by Mr. Syme,-That inasmuch as the regulations of the Royal College ofSurgeons of England do not require the commencement ofmedical study to be at a medical school, they are not in ac-cordance with the recommendations of the Medical Council,and are not such as to secure the possession of the requisiteknowledge and skill for the efficient practice of surgery."The debate on this motion was adjourned.

MINUTES OF MEETING, SATURDAY, MAY 30.Moved by Dr. Alexander Wood, seconded by Dr. Fleming,

and agreed to,-" That, whereas the Poor-law Commissionersof Ireland require that every candidate for medical employ-ment under them shall produce a licence in Midwifery, inaddition to licences in Medicine and Surgery, it be remitted toa committee to consider whether such a requirement is legal,and whether the Council should take any steps in regardto it."A committee was appointed. ,

The adjourned debate was resumed on Dr. Andrew Wood’smotion, viz.:-‘ That inasmuch as the regulations of the RoyalCollege of Surgeons of England do not require the commence-ment of medical study to be at a medical school, they are notin accordance with the recommendations of the Medical Coun-cil, and not such as to secure the possession of the requisiteknowledge and skill for the efficient practice of surgery."

First amendment.—Moved by Dr. Apjohn, and seconded byDr. A. Smith,-‘’ That this Council do submit a case to herMajesty’s Attorney -General and Solicitor-General, with theview of ascertaining whether, under the provisions of theMedical Act, this Council possesses the power of issuing regu-lations in relation to the general and professional education ofmedical students, the enforcement of which will be mandatoryupon the different licensing bodies enumerated in Schedule A ofsaid Act.

Second amendment.—Moved by Mr. Hargrave, seconded byDr. Corrigan,-" That the second recommendation of the Re-port on Education be reconsidered, viz. :-That the time ofcommencing professional studies shall be understood to be thetime of commencing studies at a medical school, and that noqualifying body be held to have complied with the recommen-dation of the Council which shall allow the examination ingeneral education to be passed after the commencement of pro-fessional study."

Question put to the vote and carried,-‘ That the originalmotion be amended."

Dr. Andrew Wood required the majority and minority to beentered on the Minutes.

Majority.—Mr. Arnott, Mr. Cooper, Dr. Acland, Dr. Bond,Dr. Embleton, Dr. A. Smith, Mr. Hargrave, Dr. Apjohn, Dr.Corrigan, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Teale, Dr. Stokes.

Minolity.—Dr. Storrar, Dr. Alexander Wood, Dr. AndrewWood, Dr. Fleming, Mr. Syme, Dr. Thomson, Dr. Leet, Sir C.Hastings, Dr. Sharpey, Dr. Christison.

Second amendment put, and negatived.Dr. Andrew Wood required that the majority and minority

be entered on the Minutes.Majority.—Dr. Storrar, Dr. Alexander Wood, Dr. Andrew

Wood, Dr. Fleming, Mr. Syme, Dr. Thomson, Dr. Leet, Dr.Apjohn, Sir Charles Hastings, Dr. Sharpey, Mr. Teale, Dr.Stokes.

Minority.—Mr. Arnott, Mr. Cooper, Dr. Acland, Dr. Bond,Dr. Embleton, Dr. A. Smith, Mr. Hargrave, Dr. Corrigan,Mr. Lawrence, Dr. Christison.

First amendment put, and negatived.Dr. Andrew Wood required that the majority and minority

be entered on the Minutes.Majority.—Dr. Embleton, Dr. Storrar, Dr. Alexander Wood,

Dr. Andrew Wood, Dr. Fleming, Mr. Syme, Dr. Thomson, Mr.

Hargrave, Dr. Leet, Dr. Corrigan, Sir Charles Hastings, Dr.Sharpey, Dr. Christison.

Minority.—Mr. Arnott, Dr. Acland, Dr. Bond, Dr. A. Smith,Dr. Apjohn, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Teale, Dr. Stokes.The original motion was then put, and negatived.Dr. Andrew Wood required that the majority and minority

be entered on the Minutes.Majority.—Mr. Arnott, Mr. Cooper, Dr. Acland, Dr. Bond,

Dr. Embleton, Dr. A. Smith, Mr. Hargrave, Dr. Corrigan,Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Teale, Dr. Stokes.

Minority.—Dr. Storrar, Dr. Alex. Wood, Dr. Andrew Wood,Dr. Fleming, Mr. Syme, Dr. Thomson, Dr. Leet, Sir CharlesHastings, Dr. Sharpey, Dr. Christison.Moved by Mr. Teale, seconded by Dr. Stokes, and agreed to," That the Medical Council, whilst appreciating the greatvalue of the practical opportunities afforded to the studentwho is a pupil of a regular member of the profession holdingthe appointment of surgeon to an hospital, general dispensary,or union workhouse; and whilst considering that a year spentin such pupilage might be regarded as one of the four years ofprofessional study recommended by the Council, is of opinionthat such year of pupilage, apart from the practical and sys-tematic study of the elementary and ancillary sciences ofmedicine, should not be conducted during the first year, butat some period during the subsequent years of professionalstudy."Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, and seconded by Dr. Embleton,

—"That all students pass an examination in general educa.tion, if possible, before they commence their professional studies.-That students may in particular cases be registered for thefirst time who have passed only a part of their examination ingeneral education, but that that examination must in all caseshave been completed previously to the commencement of thesecond winter session."Motion negatived.

REPORT TO THE GENERAL COUNCIL ONPRELIMINARY AND PROFESSIONAL

EDUCATION.

THE President and Fellows of the King and Queen’s Collegeof Physicians in Ireland have addressed to the Medical Councila criticism on the Report on Preliminary and Professional Edu-cation and Examination which that body issued in August,1859.

They shrewdly remark on the feeble and unsatisfactory posi-tion of the Council, whose mere 11 opinion" or "recommenda-tion" they consider unavailing. They describe the medicalstudent as a prize to be won by the best bidder, andthe Colleges as being tempted incessantly to lower their feesand lighten the examinations in order to attract candidates.They suggest that the Medical Council order, and not recom-mend, a decent uniformity, and in cases of non-compliance,apply to the Secretary- of -State, under Clause XX. of the

Medical Act, to remove offenders.’ The greatest discrepancy is in the matter of preliminaryeducation. They advise that the General Medical Councilshould originate a scheme of preliminary education sufficientfor students of medicine; and that they should recognise allexaminations which comprise those subjects laid down as equi-valent to special preliminary examination, which should other-wise be held essential. Mere matriculation examinations theythink insufficient, as these are usually very lenient in order notto deter students.

They would suggest the following as the subjects of pre-liminary or general education and examination, viz.:-EnglishComposition; French or German, translated into English;Latin, ditto; Greek, ditto; Logic; Physics, including Elemen-tary Mechanics; Optics; Hydrostatics; Pneumatics; Mathe-matics, including Arithmetic, to end of Decimal Fractions;Algebra, to end of Simple Equations, involving one unknownquantity; Euclid, first three Books.There still remains a class of students, though it is hoped

their number will rapidly diminish, who may not have gonethrough a sufficient portion of a University Arts’ Course, orundergone any other examination, for whom it will be neces-sary to provide a preliminary examination.With regard to these, the following plans are submitted for

consideration :-