Gene Technology

Vocabulary—Yay!

1. Polymerase chain reaction

2. Primer3. Restriction enzyme4. Gel electrophoresis5. DNA fingerprint6. Genetic engineering7. Recombinant DNA

8. Clone9. Vector10. Plasmid11. Probe12. Bioinformatics13. Proteomics14. Cloning by nuclear

transfer

15. Telomere16. DNA vaccine17. Bioethics

Selective Breeding

• Selective Breeding is the technique of allowing only those animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.• Can you think of a time when humans actually use selective

breeding??• Nearly all domestic animals, crops• This can lead to inbreeding and less genetic variety and disorders and

early death• To increase genetic variation---introduce mutations

The Super Cow

• Reflect on what you just saw. 3-5 sentences. • What do you think? Is it right? Can you see this used in other ways?

What are the benefits? Disadvantages?

DNA Identification

•Except for Identical Twins, no 2 people in the world are exactly alike genetically.•The majority of human DNA is the same. Only about .1% of our DNA varies by individual.

Steps in DNA Identification

1. Copying DNA via Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCRa) Often you only have a small amount of DNA (ie crime

scene) so you need to copy itb) Video Clip

2. Cutting DNA with restriction enzymesa) To cut long DNA molecules biologists use bacterial

proteins or restriction enzymes to cut out certain sequences

Steps in DNA Identification3. Sorting DNA by size

a) DNA fragments can be studied with GEL ELECTROPHORESIS, which separated DNA by size and charge.

b) This creates a DNA fingerprint, unique to the individualc) Video Clip

4. Comparing DNA4. Using the DNA fingerprint scientists can produce the

odds that 2 people will have the same DNA fingerprint only about 1 in 100 billion (and there are only 6.5 billion people on Earth).

Recombinant DNA

• The process of altering genetic material is called GENETIC ENGINEERING.•RECOMBINANT DNA results when DNA from 2

different organisms are joined.• Example of Recombinant DNA—scientists inserted a

jellyfish gene (for a fluorescent green glow) into a zebra fish to see blood vessels develop.•Video Clip—6 facts

Cloning•GENETIC ENGINEERING has also allowed biologists to

clone entire organisms…not just genes.• In the 1990s scientists began cloning whole organisms or

CLONING BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER.• They introduce a nucleus of a body cell into an egg cell to

generate an organism identical to the donor. •Dolly, a sheep, was the first successful clone in 1996.•Video

Stem Cells

• Brainpop!

Genetic Engineering and Food

•Genetic Engineering with plants is called genetically modified (GM) crops. •GM crops are more tolerant of weather conditions (frost, drought), resistant to herbicides, increase the amount of the crop produced, resistant to disease, improved nutritional value of foods

Genetic Engineering and your Food

1. You don’t want to sound like these people!

2. GMOs While you watch make a chart of benefits and possible controversies.

3. Chart—Benefits and Controversies4. Article5. Opinion Paragraph

Designer Babies

• Issues and Decisions Worksheet• Extra Credit Opportunities!!• Watch one or both of the following movies, Trailers!:• Gattaca or My Sister’s Keeper• 2 page, typed, report on the film• Report should include a summary of the storyline and how it

ties into Genetics and Designer Babies• Report also needs to be signed by a parent, verifying that

you did indeed watch and have permission to watch the movie

Genetic Science Ethics Survey

1. As a table group, read each scenario aloud.2. On a separate sheet of paper (each person has their own), Mark

your choice. Then mark the group’s majority rules decision.3. Complete the “final discussion” at the end of the paper…each

person should write their own paragraph.

Bioethics Group Reports

1. In your table groups read your scenario, read the questions.2. Read your designated chapters.3. Answer the questions.4. Prepare a presentation to the class on your scenario.

1. Explain the scenario.2. Go over the questions and answers.3. Provide a visual (pictures, vocab, charts, pros/cons)

5. Present to the class

Genetic Engineering Concept Map Review