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A GCSE Revision Guide written by a Year 10 Student recapping all the key topics for A342 OCR Exam.
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Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Being British
To be British you have to be Patriotic and proud of your country. If you were born here, but moved to a different country, you still can be British.
Cultural Traditions:
Cultural Traditions include more than having afternoon tea or wearing bowler hats. Royal Traditions include: Trooping the colour, The Queen’s speech and Royal Ascot. There are festival occasions such as: dancing around a maypole on May Day or setting Guy Fawkes alight on Bonfire night.
British and the UK
Britain= England, Scotland and Wales
UK= Britain and Northern Ireland
City/Town/Area AccentBirmingham BrummieLondon CockneyWales WelshLiverpool ScouseManchester Manchurian
Personal Freedom: Being free to make your
own decisions, careers and choices.
The right to speak your mind BUT being careful to not offend others while doing so.
Value Systems
Equal Opportunity: Everyone has equal chances Getting a job should depend
on the quality of that certain skill NOT race or culture.
Equal rights for women
Representative Democracy: The right to have a say in
how Britain is run! People elect MPs who
represent their constituents
British Law: Laws are created to make
life fair Everyone has to follow the
set of rules Illegal acts won’t be
tolerated To protect our rights.
3.2.1 -Identities and Communities
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Key Religions
Christianity
Islam
Sikhism
Hinduism
Judaism
Buddhism
Key Ethnics/Races
White Black Asian Oriental
Britain is a Multicultural country
For centuries immigration has bought many different people to the UK. This is why the UK is very diverse today and multi-cultural.
The History
The Celts were the first to live in Britain.
Then the Romans came.
They brought over Black Africans.
The Normans then invaded in 1066.
A Jewish community then settled.
Gypsies then arrived in the 16th Century.
Protestants then settled.
The Russians and Nazis came over.
The Chinese, Americans, French & Polish
Immigration from India increased.
Black and Asian Troops
Seafarers from India and China came over.
Cypriot, Turkish and Eastern Europeans came
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Immigration
Immigration means entering or leaving legally or illegally.
There are many reasons on why some people leave such as:
War Poverty Lack of educational prospects Lack of employment prospects Persecution Lack of Human Rights
The reasons they come to the Britain are:
Financial Security Escape war Better lifestyle More educational Opportunities
Community Cohesion
This is when the whole of the society work together for a cause to encourage respect and a better understanding of one another.
Promoting Community Cohesion:
Language classes- For people who don’t speak English Community Projects School’s teaching student about different cultures Passing the ‘Life in the UK’- To help foreigners understand British Cultures and Traditions
What are Human Rights? – The rights you have as a human.
1. Nationality2. Marriage and Family3. Ownership4. Freedom of thoughts5. Freedom of expression6. Public Assembly 7. Democracy8. Social Security 9. Workers Rights10. To play 11. Food and shelter for all12. Education13. Copyright14. Fair and free world
The 30 Human rights:
1. Born free and equal2. Don’t Discriminate3. Live free4. No slavery5. No torture6. Universal7. Equal before the law8. Protected by the law9. No unfair detainment 10. To have a trial11. Innocent till proven guilty 12. Privacy13. To move14. Asylum15. Nationality
16. Marriage and Family17. Ownership18. Freedom of thoughts19. Freedom of expression20. Public Assembly 21. Democracy22. Social Security 23. Workers Rights24. To play 25. Food and shelter for all26. Education27. Copyright28. Fair and free world29. To know 30. No one can take away your rights
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Regional Variations
-Regional Variation How different aspects are different to the rest of the regions and areas such as:
Accents The way you dress What you eat Hobbies
Census
A census is a procedure done every 10 years that records important information about the member’s o f the public. Important information such as: Full name, current address, wages etc is recorded by the government.
Glossary:
Creed: A Religion
Identity: The Characteristics that make you who you are
Ethnicity: Involved in a particular racial or cultural groups
Prejudice: Unreasonable and unfair dislike for a particular type of person or thing
Stereotype: A fixed or set characteristics to represent a person
Religion: The belief in a god or gods and all the activities
Community: Groups living in within a society
Discrimination: To recognise and understand someone’s differences
Multi-culturalism: Different ethnic background coming together
Interdependence: Working together and alongside each other
Immigration: Coming in to a country or different area
Diversity: Having different forms
National: Related to the entire nation or country
Regional: Related to a particular region or a country
The 30 Human rights:
1. Born free and equal2. Don’t Discriminate3. Live free4. No slavery5. No torture6. Universal7. Equal before the law8. Protected by the law9. No unfair detainment 10. To have a trial11. Innocent till proven guilty 12. Privacy13. To move14. Asylum15. Nationality
16. Marriage and Family17. Ownership18. Freedom of thoughts19. Freedom of expression20. Public Assembly 21. Democracy22. Social Security 23. Workers Rights24. To play 25. Food and shelter for all26. Education27. Copyright28. Fair and free world29. To know 30. No one can take away your rights
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
The Law
“Law is a formal method of controlling people and society through rules set down and then enforced through courts and the legal system”
Laws are there for people’s health and safety- E.g. The ban of smoking in public places to protect the health of non smokers from harmful chemicals.
Making Laws
Civil and Criminal Law
Civil Law Criminal Law Solve disputes between
individuals/businesses/organisations. Maintain Law & Order and to protect the
citizens. Includes: Family law, Contract law and
ASBOs. Started up by the Police by the Crown
Prosecution Service (CPS). The person/organisation is the wrong
must pay compensation to the other party.
Criminal cases include: theft, murder and drink driving.
Punishment could vary e.g. Chop down a tree that is blocking a neighbour’s light.
Always in a punishment; fines, probations, curfew, prison...
The decision is a civil case if made by judge/judges not a jury!
3.2.2.-Fairness and Justice in decision-making and the Law
The Government draws up a bill;
Politicians talk to experts about their idea. Several Drafts are made
(GreenWhite Paper)
The First Reading;
Title of the Bill is read out in HOC and the date for the second
reading is set.
The Second Reading;
Debates are set out and a vote is taken. If the bill is voted against, it
does not go through to the next stage.
Committee Stage;
Each detail of the bill is scrutinised and voted on.
Report Stage and Third Reading;
The committee reports on any changed and the bill is read out
again. The vote takes place.
The whole process is re done in the House of Lords;
Lords can make changes but HOC have to agree. (delay up to a year)
Back To the House of Commons;
The House of Commons can use the Parliament to override the
House of Lords.
The Royal Asset;
The Queen singes of the bill. Now and Act of Parliament!
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Antisocial Behaviour Orders
They are orders that prevent people from doing different things e.g. being noisy, begging, spitting or harassing someone.
An ASBO is a civil order though if you break one = 5 YEARS IN PRISON!
Legal Support
Punishment and the Youth Justice
Youth Justice System deals with crime.
Different types of punishments for Law- Breakers...
Fines Speeding Community Sentences Curfew Restorative Justice Offender and victim communicating Prison From weeks to life
The Police and the CPS
o Main Law enforcers in Britaino Many types of police officers; from patrol officers to police detectiveso The CPS decide whether the case should be taken into court
Protecting Human Rights
Human Rights are enforceable by the European Law 1948 UN published Universal Declaration of Human Rights (means nothing in the
court of law) 1953 EU passed European Convention of Human Rights (enforced by the law)
Democracy
The Citizens’ Advice Bureau (CAB)
- Provide free legal support
- From money to relationship
Solicitors- Provide
legal support and represent you in court
- Not free as it is
Humanitarian Law
Protects rights in conflict Rules that regulate how wars are
fought in order to limit suffering and destruction
Humanitarian Law-Aim to protect human rights of civilians such as:
needless suffering weapons-NO Attacks direct to Enemy No enemy to be hurt
3.2.3.-Democracy and Voting
Democracy only exists if you have
Rights and Freedoms!
Ruled by the People for the
People!
The UK is a representative
democracy- Elections take
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
History
Dictatorship
“A system of Government in which a country is ruled by a single person with absolute power”
Democratic Country
Choice of political parties E.g. UK, France, USA Elections held regularly Can be a Republic Constitutional Monarchy
(limited powers)
● ● ●
End of 17th Century- Parliament took control from Monarchy
19th Century- Series of reform Acts; more men can vote
1918- The Representation of the people Act; men over 21 and women over 30 can vote
1928- The voting age lowered to 21 (Equality)
● ● ●
Non Democratic Country
One political party No Vote Media Controlled A lot of Power Opposition is suppressed
Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein and Colonel Gaddafi – All were voted in but became very harsh dictators.
LEFT
SOCIALSIT
CENTRE RIGHT
FACIST
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Political Parties
Voting Conservatives Happens in Polling Stations Ballot box Ballot Paper First Past the Post Candidate with the most votes becomes MP; the party with the most
votes become Government; leader of winning party becomes Prime Minister!
Influencing Decision Making
Pressure Groups- Interest Groups-
Media
Free Press
Positive- Freedom of Speech
Negative- Bias/ create conflict/ violating someone’s right to privacy
Censorship
Positive- Protecting the Government/ creating a stronger country
Negative- You cannot voice your full opinion
European Union
Group of people who try to influence decision makers as they are concerned about a particular issue
Group of people who try to influence decision makers as they are concerned about a particular issue
Types of Media
Ways in which
media is used
Radio Books
Poverty
Broadcasting
Drug Abuse
Social NetworkingTV
Terrorism
Crime
Religion
Magazine
Newspaper
Fashion
3.2.4.-United Kingdom and the rest of the world
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Has 27 members (countries) UK joined before 2004 Work together as alliances Obey the EU Laws and contribute to the EU Budget Keep peace in Europe
European Commission Appointed by the Government of other countries
European Parliament 736 members; elected by the EU citizens
Council of the EU 1 minister/ Government of each member country
The Commonwealth
The United Nations
Resolve conflicts and protect victims
General Assembly = Annual Meeting International Criminal Court set up in 2002 Humanitarian laws; war and genocide Security Council Peace and security (15 members) Kyoto Protocol Agreement on Pollute less (1997)
What the UK has done? Switching from coal to oil power stations More recycling Better nylon manufacture
Glossary
Civil law- The part of the common law that sorts out disagreements between people when the state is not directly involved.
Not everyone agrees
Seen sometimes as undemocratic
Too diverse for the EU to be effective
UK giving too much independence
54 members British monarch Meet every 2 years Commonwealth games
Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4
Commonwealth of Nations- Organisation originating British colonies which work together towards common social and political aims.
Consumer rights – The rights of someone who buys something or pays for a service. Crown courts- Courts that deal with serious criminal cases- (verdict decided by jury) Crown Prosecution Service- A separate body from the police. They decide if someone should
be taken into court. Democracy- A system where the country is ruled by the people for the people. Dictatorship- A system of Government in which a country is ruled by a single person with
absolute power. European commission- The EU institution which rights economic/environmental/social and
foreign policy. European Convention on HR- An international agreement which sets out the human rights
which apply to everyone. European Parliament- the Elected group which controls EU. European Union- An economic and political alliance of member states. First Past the Post- The voting system for general elections in the UK. The candidate with the
most votes wins. Humanitarian laws- Rules of what the country is allowed to do in a war (unnecessary
suffering or damage is prevented). Interdependence- Where one action/factor is affected by the actions of another (vice versa). International Criminal Court- A court set up by UN to deal with war cranial and accused of
genocide. Kyoto Protocol- An agreement signed in 1997. It aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Magistrates’ court- Local courts which hear most criminal cases. Media- Ways of communicating with the public using technologies of print, video and sound. Non-statutory bodies- Organisation not set up by the government and with no legal powers
such as Citizens’ Advice Bureau. Parliament- The body which makes the laws in the UK. It consists of the HOL, HOC and the
Monarchy. Press Complaints Commission- Manages the voluntary code of conduct which governs the
newspapers and magazines. Referendum- When an important question is put out to a direct vote of people Representative democracy- The system of government where people elect representatives
to run different factors. Sustainable development- Improving qualities of life in a way that can continue in the future. United Nations- An organisation which aims to find peaceful solutions to conflicts and
promote global cooperation and human rights. Universal Declaration of Human Rights- The document which lays down the basic human
rights which everyone has.