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Building Sustainably with Mass Timber

Dr. Patricia Layton Director of Clemson’s Wood Utilization and 

Design Institute

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Poll #1 – Our Audience Today

• What is your profession?

– Architect

– Engineer

– Code Official

– Fire Service

– Builder/Manufacturer/Other

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The Wood Opportunity

• Timber industry is critical to the nation’s economy and forest health

• Forests are sustainably grown

• Wood is a sustainable building material

• New wood products available

• Compatible with modular or prefabricated  construction

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Why Wood?

• Green building material

– Low‐embodied energy

– Sequesters carbon

– Renewable resource

– Sustainably grown

• Excellent strength to weight ratio

• Occupants have an affinity to wood

• Designer‐, contractor‐ and owner‐friendly building construction material

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Photos by Clemson University Relations

The Resources

• Sawtimber availability

• Sawtimber pricing

• Sawmills

8Photo by Skitterphoto from Pexels

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Sawtimber Availability

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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

254 259264

273283

294307

321

Saw

tim

ber

In

ven

tory

(B

illi

on B

oard

Fee

t -

Int'

l 1/4

sca

le)

US South Sawtimber Inventory2007 - 2014

(US Forest Service - Forest Inventory and Analysis)

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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Ind

exed

Ch

ange

(20

07 =

100

)

Stu

mp

age

Pri

ce (

$/gr

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Pine Sawtimber Stumpage Price Trends vs Acres and Harvest Removals2007 - 2015

Acres - 21-40 Years Old (Base 2007) Sawtimber Removals (Base 2007)

Stumpage Price ($/green ton) Trend

Sawtimber Trends

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0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

0‐5 6‐10 11‐15 16‐20 21‐25 26‐30 31‐35 36‐40 41‐45 46‐50 51‐55 56‐60 61‐65 66‐70 71‐75 75+

Acreage of SYP Forest Type

SYP Acreage by 5‐Year Age Bracket, SC Forestland 2013

SC Pine Sawtimber 

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Forest Sustainability and Health

• Forest markets ‐ essential for healthy forests

• Mass timber – not a silver bullet

• Small diameter wood concerns

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Poll # 2 

• Do you have concerns about the sustainability of wood for mass timber?

– Yes

– No

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Forest Sustainability and Health

• Will increase the demand for Grade 2 and better lumber

• Additional products equal new markets

• Harvesting trees ‐ key to sustainability

– CO2 sequestration

– Habitat diversity

– Other benefits

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“This is Not a Forest” Tweet

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Pine plantation USA. Soil‐Science.info/Flickr

This Is a Forest

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PHOTO: ANDREW KORNYLAK

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Forest Management

17Pat Layton

Pat LaytonClemson Experimental Forest

Uneven Aged Forest

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Copyright © 2002-2018, James Van kley

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Forest Change in the US South

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Forests and Wood Standards

• Forest Management Standards

– Sustainable Forestry Initiative

– Forest Stewardship Council

– American Tree Farm

– PEFC

• Lumber Standards

Regional

Species groups

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Building Codes

• 2015 International Building Codes (IBC) – CLT introduced

– Type III 

– Type IV

• 2018 IBC expanded use

• 2021 International Building Codes

– Mass timber section Type IV‐A, IV‐B and IV‐C

– Up to 18 stories

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Poll # 3

• What building code is being used in your  location?

• 2012

• 2015

• 2018

• Other

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Old Large Wood Buildings

The Sakyamuni Pagoda of FogongTemple

1056 AD

220 + feet tall

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Bradbury Building

One of the first High Rise Wood Buildings in the US – Heavy Timber Construction

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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

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Poll # 4

• Have you been involved with light frame or heavy timber buildings before?

• Yes

• No

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Mass Timber Building Systems

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Patricia LaytonClemson University Relations

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What is Mass Timber

• Cross‐laminated Timber (CLT)

• Nail‐laminated Timber (NLT)

• Dowel‐laminated Timber (DLT)

• Glulam

• Others

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CLT

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NLT

Bruce Lindsey, T3 Minneapolis

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Courtesy StructureCraft Builders

DLT

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Courtesy StructureCraft Builders

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Glulam

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Gaining the Attention

Modern Buildings

• Europe First

• Canada

• US (SC 2010)

• Australia

• Japan 

• Worldwide attention

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29E6 Engineering

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Andrew Waugh Michael Green

Susan Jones Thomas Robinson Tom Chung

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Andrew Waugh Michael Green

Susan Jones Thomas Robinson Tom Chung

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Woodworking NetworkEnb.iisd.org

atelierjones.cm

Dustin Albright

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Waugh Thistleton

https://www.archdaily.com/photographer/lara‐swimmer34

Waugh Thistleton

https://www.archdaily.com/photographer/lara‐swimmer

Jeremy Bittermann

Mgarchtiecture.com

Thinkwood.com

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CLT and Mass Timber should be strongly considered when a project encounters 3 of these 4 conditions. 

The Sweet Spot

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NA Mass Timber Producers

*Sterling Lumber, IL

*SmartLam, AL

*Vaagen Timber, WA*Katerra, WA

*Euclid, UT

*Freres, OR*DR Johnson, OR

*SmartLam, MT

**Structurlam, AR

*Sterling Lumber, TX

*Texas CLT, AR

*Operating plants**Under construction and/or announced

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Mass Timber Projects  

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Poll # 5

• Have you visited a mass timber building?

• Yes 

• No

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Sustainable Wood: Old and New

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Early high‐rise – Heavy Timber Modern high‐rise – Mass Timber

Pete SeigerMGA

What Else Can It Do

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Nordic

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Utility Mats

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Pat Layton

Barns and Factories

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Andreas Sauter Sauter

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Tall Buildings

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NaturallyWood.com

Short Buildings

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Pat Layton

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Massive Buildings

45Dominique Marc Wehrli

Speedy Construction

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Lendlease

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Vibration Test

47Clemson University Relations

Impact Testing

48Michael Stoner

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Wind Testing

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Lancelot Reres

Diaphragm Testing

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Pat Layton

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Moisture and Vibration in Action

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Accelerometer to test vibration

Moisture SensorsKayla Rogers

Cooper Carry

Blast Testing

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USDA.gov

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Seismic Testing @ UCSD

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University of California ‐ San Diego

Pre‐fire Test

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Photos provided by U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, USDA

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Post‐fire

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Poll # 6

• Are you working on a design or construction of a mass timber building currently?

• Yes 

• No

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Clemson’s Outdoor REC Facility

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Clemson University Relations

https://youtu.be/x8w9Ou4q51M

Clemson University Relations and Sherman Construction

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Totals

885 trees24 acres

Glulam = 

72k feet

CLT =

282k feet

Andy Quattlebaum Outdoor Education Center

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Sustainable Wood Buildings

Well Managed Forests

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Good Designs

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Maintenance (No Water)

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Sustainable, Durable Buildings

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Ask for Wood

• Building owners/developers

• School districts

• Government buildings

• Universities

• Businesses

• Be an advocate

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Cadden Chapel

Clemson University

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Clemson University Relations

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Forests to Innovative Buildings

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Pat Layton naturallywood.com

What’s in your future?

Building Sustainably with Mass Timber

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Questions

PATRICIA LAYTONCLEMSON UNIVERSITYDirectorWood Utilization + Design Institute

Clemson.edu/wudFacebookTwitterInstagramLinkedIn

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