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© Viking S.A.
VIKING EMEA
GASEOUS SYSTEMS
Peter Eisenberger
© Viking Page 2
Agenda
2
� About Viking EMEA
� The Viking sales organisation
� Gaseous systems basic
� Gaseous systems design background
� Gaseous systems applications
� Case study 13,8kV substation
© Viking Page 3
Minimax-Viking History
3
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950
Tyden Seal -
Hastings, MI
Viking
Contracting
Original Tyden
Dry Valve
Viking
Deluge
Valve
Viking
Corporation is
born
Minimax Bad Urach
Facility opened
Minimax is
born
Minimax is #1 Fire
extinguisher
manfacturer worldwide
© Viking Page 4
Minimax-Viking History
4
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Viking
SupplyNet
Viking Fabrication
Services
Viking
Plastics
R & D
Expansion
Automated
Assembly
Model M
Introduced
Viking
International sales
begin
Viking International
offices opened in
Asia/Europe
Preussag
acquires
Minimax
Minimax Enters
Private Equity
Ownership
Minimax
& Viking
Merge (2009)
Minimax
expands to US
and acquires
CFP
Bad Oldesloe
Test Centre
Opened
© Viking Page 5
In research we are ahead
Fire research centre
� Practical prove of theoretical research results
� Cooperation with testing authorities
� Solutions to specific client issues
� Development of new Minimax solutions
� Fire tests with a scale 1:1
� Mobile suspended ceiling from 2 up to 15 meter
� Auditorium with 140 seats
© Viking Page 6
The Minimax Viking group at a glance
6
Turnover > 1 billion EUR6,600 employees worldwide
Worldwide presence
Broad product and services offering
More than 60 fire protection companies
Own research centres Own production plants
© Viking Page 7
Viking „BLUE“ GroupDistribution of
Products & Systems
Minimax „RED“ GroupContracting Service fromdesign to maintenance
Where does Viking EMEA fit into the organization?
A world wide group leader in fire protection market
VIKING – EMEA
Authorized Distributor
End User, EPC contractors
© Viking Page 8
Viking EMEA
More than 43.000 components for various application
Foam systems
Clean agents Detection
Sprinkler systems
Logistics & Sales
Sales office
Viking EMEA – Europe, Middle East, Afrika
– 16 Sales offices
– 8 Logistic centers
– More than 150 employees
© Viking Page 9
Viking EMEA Locations
9
Branch office with local contact persons for sales and order management
Branch office with additional technical support and training facility
Filling/refilling locations with stock
© Viking Page 10
Gaseous systems basics
When you need: full homogenous 3-dimensional effect, non residual, no electric
conductivity direct or indirect, penetration into cabinets or installations.
When you have: Shielded objects, hardly accessible areas, deep seated or concealed
fires, high ceilings, sensitive equipment where water would cause same damage like fire.
Typical applications: All kind of electric risks like IT areas, Switchgear , Communication,
Control rooms, Cable tunnels, Data Center, Archives, electric cabinets and many more
No other agent can give you this characteristics !
Arguments for the application of Gaseous extinguishant
© Viking Page 11
Reducing available energy for combustion process
� FK-5-1-12= Novec 1230
� HFC-227ea= FM200, Solkaflam227 etc.
Fire Triangle
Extinguishing effects
Reducing oxygen below 13,6Vol% for 20min
� IG-01
� IG-100
� IG-55
� IG-541
� CO2
Combustible material
state of aggregation in cylinder
Gaseous: IG-01, IG-100, IG-55, IG-541
Liquidous: FK-5-1-12, HFC-227ea, CO2
Gaseous systems basics
© Viking Page 12
© 3M 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Agent Use Conc. NOAEL* Safety Margin
Novec 1230 4.5 - 6% 10% 67 - 150%
HFC-125 8.7-12.1% 7.5% ---
HFC-227ea 7 - 9% 9% 0 - 25%
Inert Gas 34,2 - 61% 43% 0 - 13%
CO2 34 - 75% <5% lethal > 10%
* No Observable Adverse Effect Level
Safety
Gaseous systems basics
© Viking Page 13
© 3M 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Safety
Gaseous systems basics
Remaining oxygen concentration after release
� Room of 1000m³ flooded with Novec 1230 / HFC-227ea / Inertgas , Design NFPA 2001 Class C
hazard @20°C, cylinders 10m away from the hazard.
� We consider 10% of agent will be lost through openings and, flaps, vents.
AgentQuantity
in kg
Cylinder
size
Working
pressure
Cylinde
r no
Design
in vol%
Total Gas
amount
flooded in m³
Oxygen level
before
flooding
Remaining
Oxygen after
flooding
Similar to
altitude of
Novec 1230 653,1 140l 50 4 4,50% 52,79 20,90% 19,91 400m
HFC-227ea 572,0 140l 50 4 7,30% 80,72 20,90% 19,38 600m
IG-541 688,5 80l 300 21 38,5% 504,0 20,90% 11,42 4800m
IG-01 864,7 80l 300 22 40,7% 528,0 20,90% 10,97 5180m
IG-55 784,7 80l 300 25 42,7% 600,0 20,90% 9,61 6100m
IG-100 599,0 80l 300 25 40,3% 600,0 20,90% 9,61 6100m
© Viking Page 14
© 3M 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Properties Novec 1230 HFC-125 HFC-227ea HFC-23
Atmospheric
Lifetime (years)0.014 29 33 260
Ozone Depletion
Potential0 0 0 0
Global Warming
Potential
(100 yr ITH)
1 3220 3500 14800
Sustainability
Gaseous systems basics
© Viking Page 15
GWP= Global Warming Potential
� The GWP is shown off as CO2 equivalents, 1 kg of FM-
200 contributes so much to the global warming like
3220 kg of CO2 !
� The height of the GWP Value depend´s on the
atmospheric lifetime, FM-200 stays for about 40 years in
the atmosphere HFC-23 for over 260 years !
� The most common used HFKW for extinguishing
purpose are:
� FM-200/FE-227ea/HFC-227ea = GWP 3220
� FE-13/Trigon/HFC-23 = GWP 14800
� FE-25/Ecaro25/HFC-125=GWP 3500
� This means by mass, in case of release a CO2 equivalent
emission of approx. “2,2 tons” / m³ with HFC-227ea
� and approx. “7,7 tons” with HFC-23, per m³.
Sustainability
Gaseous systems basics
© Viking Page 16
HFC-227ea aka FM 200
� Personal Safety
� Toxicological safe
� NOAEL=9% VOL
� LOAEL=10.5% VOL
� Extinguishing
� Heat absorption in the fire
� Design concentration= 6,9- 9 % by vol.
� 0,54 – 0,72 kg/m³
� Application
� Fire class: A + B
� Environmental aspect
� ODP Value= 0
� No degradation of Ozone
� Ca. 40 years of atmospheric lifetime
� GWP Value= 3220 (EU VO 842/2006)
� free of chlore and brome HFC´s
Heptafluoropropane C3HF7
Sustainability
Gaseous systems basics
FK-5-1-12 aka Novec™ 1230
CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2
� Personal Safety
� Toxicological safe
� NOAL=10 % by vol.
� LOAL=10 % by vol.
� Extinguishing
� Heat absorption in the fire
� Design concentration= 4,5-5,9 % by vol.
� 0,66 – 0,83 kg/m³
� Application
� Fire class: A + B
� Environmental aspects
� ODP Value= 0
� No degradation of Ozone
� Max. 5 days of atmospheric lifetime
� Fast natural degradation
� Free of all kinds of HFC‘s
H = hydrogen
F = fluorine
C = carbon
O = Oxygen
© Viking Page 17
“If 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid is banned from or restricted in use as a fire protection agent due to ODP,
or GWP, 3M will refund the purchase price of the Novec 1230 fluid.“
Warranty good for 20 years.
Characteristics of 3MTM NovecTM1230 - It is future-proof
Due to the reason, that Novec™ 1230 is no HFC it is the only environmental friendly alternative to HFC´s and is
not regulated by any “Kyoto Protocol” Regulations.
The long term sustainability of Novec™ 1230 is shown through the 3M Blue Sky Warranty:
Sustainability
Gaseous systems basics
© Viking Page 18
Inertgas
80l / 200bar
Inertgas
80l / 300bar
Inertgas
140l / 300bar
Novec 1230,
FM200
50bar
Space to protect 1000m³ acc. NFPA Class C
Gaseous systems basics
© Viking Page 19
Extinguishing
10 20 40 110 170 Seconds
Flooding
Inertgases & CO2
60sec flooding
Fluorinated Agents
Evacuation
Speed
Gaseous systems basics
0
% smoke
0,5
2,0
5,0
30
Inertgases & CO2
120sec flooding
Smoke produced
© Viking Page 20
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!Eventuell noch ein erläuternder Schlusssatz
NFPA 2001 versus ISO 14520
Gaseous systems design background
© Viking Page 21
ISO 14520 NameISO14520-
Part#NOAEL LOAEL
Surface Class A
Class BHigher
Class ANFPA 2001-2012 adressed
NOAEL LOAELClass A Design
Class B Design
Class C fuels(6)
GWP acc IPCC
2007ODP Trade names
CF3I 2 0,2 0,4 min.4,6 4,6 9,3 FIC-13I1 0,2 0,4 (5) (5) (5) 0 0 Triodide
FK-5-1-12 5 10 >10 5,3 5,9 5,6 FK-5-1-12 10 >10 4,5 5,9 4,5 1 0 Novec 1230
HCFC Blend A 6 10 >10 7,8 13,0 12,4 HCFC Blend A 10 >10 (5) (5) (5) 1550 0,048 NAF S-III
HFC-125 8 7,5 10 11,2 12,1 11,5 HFC-125 7,5 10 8,7 11,3 9 3250 0 Ecaro 25
HFC-227ea 9 9 10,5 7,9 9,0 8,5 HFC-227ea 9 10,5 6,7 (7) - 7 9,0 7,0 (7) - 7,9 3220 0 FM 200
HFC-23 10 30 >30 16,3 16,4 16,3 HFC-23 30 >30 15,1 19,5 17 14800 0 FE-13
HFC-236a 11 10 15 8,8 9,8 9,3 HFC-236fa 10 15 (5) (5) (5) 9810 0 FE-36
IG01 12 43 52 41,9 51,0 48,4 IG-01 43(4) 52(4) 40,2 52,3 40,8 0 0 Argon(5)
IG55 14 43 52 40,3 47,5 45,1 IG-55 43(4) 52(4) 37,9 39,1 42,7 0 0 Argonite(5)
IG541 15 43 52 39,9 41,2 39,9 IG-541 43(4) 52(4) 34,2 40,6 38,5 0 0 Inergen(5)
IG100 13 43 52 40,3 43,7 41,5 IG-100 43(4) 52(4) 36,0 39 40,5 0 0 Nitrogen(5)
HFC Blend B 5 7,5 (5) (5) (5) 1540 0 Halotron I
FC-2-1-8(1) 3 30 >30 n.a 9,5 9,1 n.a. CEA-308
FC-3-1-10(1) 4 40 >40 6,5 7,7 7,4 n.a. CEA-410
HCFC-124(1) 7 1 2,5 n.a 8,7 8,3 HCFC-124 1 2,5 (5) (5) (5) 609 0,022 FE-24
Further Systems
CO2(2) ISO 6183 0,5 5 62 35 47 NFPA 12 50 35 CO2
Permanent
Inerting(3) VdS 3527 43 5213,1-14,0
14,6-15,6
14,9Permatec, Oxyreduct
(6) Design according new NFPA 2001, release date 14.10.2011(7) For companies having 5,2Vol% for Class A MEC(3) Selected Designs for Paper&Karton, IT, N-Heptan
(1) Withdrawn in ISO (4) Based on 12% Oxygen for NOAEL and 10% for LOAEL(5) According UL2166 and UL2127 testing for the system, refer to design manual of the producer(2) Selected Designs for Paper, Electrical Computer, and N Heptane
acc.ISO 6183, and Dry elctrical / Hexane acc. NFPA 12
Adressed agents in NFPA and ISO
Gaseous systems design background
© Viking Page 22
Synthetic Extinguishing Agents
Inert gases pure
IG-55
50% 50%
Argon Nitrogen
IG-541
40% 52%
Argon Nitrogen
8%
CO2
IG-01
100%
Argon
IG-100
100%
Nitrogen
HFC-227ea = FM 200
F
H
C
FK-5-1-12 = NovecTM 1230
C
F
O
Inert gases blended
Gaseous Extinguishing Agents most common used
Gaseous systems design
© Viking Page 23
NFPA 2001: 5.4.2.4* The minimum design concentration for a
Class A surface-fire hazard shall be determined by the greater of
the following:
(1) The extinguishing concentration, as determined in 5.4.2.2,
times a safety factor of 1.2
(2) Equal to the minimum extinguishing concentration for heptane
as determined from 5.4.2.1
NFPA 2001: 5.4.2.2* The flame extinguishing concentration for
Class A fuels shall be determined
by test as part of a listing program. As a minimum, the listing
program shall conform to UL 2127 or
UL 2166 or equivalent. The Class A fuels test on plastic sheets was
accomplished with Class A MEC for both agents.
HFC227ea:
Our Class B MEC: 6,9Vol%
Our Class A MEC: 5,4Vol% x1,2= 6,48Vol%
6,9 > 6,48Vol% so we use 7Vol% for class A surface-fire / Class A
fuels
FK-5-1-12:
Our Class B MEC: 4,5Vol%
Our Class A MEC: 3,3Vol% x1,2=4,0Vol%
4,5 > 4,0 Vol% so we use 4,5% for class A surface / Class A fuels
Minimum design concentration HFC-227ea / FK-5-1-12
Gaseous systems design background
ISO14520: 7.5.1.3 The extinguishing concentration for Class A
surface fires shall be the greater of the values determined
by the wood crib and polymeric sheet fire tests described in
Annex C. The minimum design concentration for
Class A fires shall be the extinguishing concentration increased by
a safety factor of 1,3. For non-cellulosic
Class A fuels, higher design concentrations may be required..
HFC227ea:
Class A MEC: 6,1Vol% x1,3=7,9Vol%
FK-5-1-12:
Class A MEC: 4,1Vol% x1,3=5,3Vol%
© Viking Page 24
NFPA 2001: 5.4.2.3 The minimum design concentration for a Class
B fuel hazard shall be
the extinguishing concentration, as determined in 5.4.2.1, times a
safety factor of 1.3.
HFC227ea:
Our Class B MEC: 6,9Vol% x 1,3 = 8,97Vol% = 9Vol%
Novec 1230:
Our Class B MEC: 4,5Vol% x 1,3 = 5,9Vol%
Minimum design concentration HFC-227ea / FK-5-1-12
Gaseous systems design background
ISO14520: 7.5.1.2 The minimum Class B design concentration for
each extinguishant shall be a demonstrated
extinguishing concentration for each Class B fuel plus a safety
factor of 1,3. The extinguishing concentration
used shall be that demonstrated by the cup burner test, carried
out in accordance with the method set out in
Annex B, that has been verified with the heptane pan tests
detailed in C.5.2. For hazards involving multiple
fuels, the value for the fuel requiring the greatest design
concentration shall be used. The extinguishing
concentration shall be taken as the cup burner value or the
heptane pan test value (see Annex C), whichever is greater.
HFC227ea:
Our Class B MEC: 6,9Vol% x 1,3 = 9Vol%
Novec 1230:
Our Class B MEC: 4,5Vol% x 1,3 = 5,9Vol%
© Viking Page 25
NFPA 2001: 5.4.2.5 The minimum design concentration for a Class
C hazard shall be the extinguishing concentration, as determined
in 5.4.2.2, times a safety factor of 1.35.
HFC227ea:
Class A MEC: 5,4 x 1,35 = 7,3 Vol%
Novec 1230:
Class A MEC 3,3 x 1,35 = 4,5Vol%
5.4.2.5.1 The minimum design concentration for spaces
containing energized electrical hazards supplied at greater than
480 volts that remain powered during and after discharge shall be
determined by testing, as necessary, and a hazard analysis.
Attention for certain electric risks !
For the reason using higher design concentrations please refer to
NFPA 2001 -2012 A.5.4.2.2 (Fire extinguishment tests for
(noncellulosic) Class A Surface Fires.)
Where any of the following conditions exists, higher extinguishing
concentrations might be required:
(1) Cable bundles greater than 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter
(2) Cable trays with a fill density greater than 20 percent of the
tray cross section
(3) Horizontal or vertical stacks of cable trays less than 10 in. (250
mm) apart
(4) Equipment energized during the extinguishment period where
the collective power consumption exceeds 5 kW.
Minimum design concentration HFC-227ea / FK-5-1-12
Gaseous systems design background
ISO14520 7.5.1.3: CAUTION — It is recognized that the wood crib
and .polymeric sheet Class A fire tests may not adequately
indicate extinguishing concentrations suitable for the protection
of certain plastic fuel hazards (e.g. electrical and electronic type
hazards involving grouped power or data cables such as
computer and control room under-floor voids, telecommunication
facilities, etc.). An extinguishing concentration not less than that
determined in accordance with 7.5.1.3, or not less than of that
determined from the heptane fire test described in C.6.2,
whichever is the greater, should be used under certain conditions.
These conditions may include:
1) cable bundles greater than in diameter;
2) cable trays with a fill density greater than of the tray cross-
section;
3) horizontal or vertical stacks of cable trays (closer than );
4) equipment energized during the extinguishment period where
the collective power consumption exceeds 5kW.
If polymeric sheet fire test data are not available, an extinguishing
concentration of that determined from the heptane fire test shall
be used.
HFC227ea:
Class B MEC: 6,1 x 1,3 = 9 Vol% * 0,95 = 8,5Vol%
Novec 1230:
Class B MEC: 4,5 x 1,3 = 5,9 Vol% * 0,95 = 5,6Vol%
© Viking Page 26
Required Minimum Design Concentration will give us a qty of 1000kg
95% in 10sec = 950kg = 95kg/s
Flooding time of 1000kg can be 1000kg / 95kg = 10,5sec !
Discharge time
Gaseous systems design background
NFPA 2001-2012 ISO14520
© Viking Page 27
Cylinder location
Gaseous systems design background
� Centralized room will meet all requirements listed in
NFPA & ISO
� Close as possible to all areas
� Do not place them in working areas
� Think about to ease the service effort
� The distance to the rooms will influence the no of
cylinders depending on the working pressure
© Viking Page 28
Structural needs
� Rooms protected by clean agents should be
sealed against their environment, to avoid
combustible gases from outside.
� This tightness ensures the 10min soak period.
� A tight room gives us a higher A/C efficiency
� If the room is sealed, it‘s integrity could be
damaged during flooding without pressure
venting.
� When using clean agents, damaging can be
avoided by controlled air and pressure flaps.
Gaseous systems design background
© Viking Page 29
Structural needs
Room Integrity in NFPA 2001 ISO14520
Gaseous systems design background
� Room Integrity Is a very important topic but attention is often low� But how shall we know if equivalent leakage area is sufficient� And shouldn’t we have a sealed room for safety and A/C efficiency� Cross sections for pressure venting should be provided by the hydraulic calculation
© Viking Page 30
Agent discharge
N2 discharge
Structural needs
Gaseous systems design background
© Viking Page 31
Structural needs
Gaseous systems design background
� Best solution to ensure room integrity and define pressure venting is a door fan test. See NFPA 2001 – 2012 Section C
� Please investigate weakest part of the hazard
� Rule of thumb:
� Glass Window 100Pa
� Normal door 300Pa
� Gipsum wall 500Pa
� Fire proof door double lock 500Pa
Review Room Integrity in NFPA 2001 and ISO14520
© Viking Page 32
Approval of Installation
Gaseous systems design background
NFPA 2001 ISO14520
© Viking Page 33
Inspection requirements
Gaseous systems design background
� The complete system should be checked annual by the installer or an authorized distributor. This test should include the control panel.
� The agent quty should be checked semi annual by wheight and pressure
� Hoses should be pressure tested all 5 years
� Refer to NFPA or ISO for complete guideline
NFPA 2001 ISO14520
© Viking Page 34
Inspection requirements
Gaseous systems design background
© Viking Page 35
Local application
Gaseous systems design background
NFPA 2001
� Consider local application where
hazard can be hardly inhibited by
the gas
� System shall have fixed pipe and
nozzles to distribute the agent into
the hazard
© Viking Page 36
Local application
Gaseous systems design background
OneU Active
� incl. smoke aspirating system� incl. 2 alarm tresholds� incl. emergency power supply (4
hours)� incl. suppression system with 3 kg
NovecTM 1230
© Viking Page 37
Local application
Gaseous systems design background
© Viking Page 38
Local application
Gaseous systems design background
All in One system
� Detection & Extinguishing
� Extinguishing only
� Nozzle in front
� Detection only
© Viking Page 39
Local application
Gaseous systems design background
� Cylinder filled with 4,27kg or 1,6kg
Novec 1230
� for Volumes 1,4-6,6m³
� Valve with electric or manual release
� Comes as complete set with control
panel, detectors, sounder and all
accessories.
Cabinet protection System the solution for small enclosures
© Viking Page 40
Inertgas - OXEO
IG-01, IG-100
IG-55, IG-541
CO2
High & Low
pressure
VSN1230 - total flooding
OneU - IT Rack protection
CPS1230 - Cabinet protection
utilizing
Novec™ 1230
VSN200 - total flooding
utilizing FM 200™
Gaseous systems design background
© Viking Page 41
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!Eventuell noch ein erläuternder Schlusssatz
Gaseous systems applications
© Viking Page 42
Electric release unitPilot hose
Extinguishant hose
Pneumatic release unit
Extinguishant filling
according to hydraulic
calculation
Nitrogen
Dip tube
Valve
System principle
Gaseous systems application
Check Valve
Bleed valve
Limit switch
© Viking Page 43
System principle
� To protect the value of your system
for long term, Valves should close at
one bar to prevent moisture and
corrosion inside the cylinder
� We recommend refill only at
authorized fill station of the
manufacturer
� This will ensure proper handling
and replacements of necessary
parts according to manufacturers
guideline
� Ask for fill protocoll
Spring
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 44
Available working pressures for HFC-227ea / FK-5-1-12 with FM/UL
� 25 bar – 360psi, most common pressure,
� FK-5-1-12: Ansul, Chemetron, Janus, Kidde, Macron, Minimax, Sevo, Siemens, Tyco, Viking
� HFC-227ea: Ansul, Chemetron, Fike, Firetrace, Janus, Kidde, Macron, Minimax, Siemens, Tyco, Viking
� 34,5bar – 500psi, highest available pressure with welded cylinders,
� FK-5-1-12: Sevo, Firetrace, Janus
� 42 bar – 600psi, Common in europe
� FK-5-1-12: Minimax, Viking, Siemens (in UL process)
� HFC-227ea: Minimax, Viking, Siemens (in UL process)
� 50bar – 725psi, highest available working pressure
� FK-5-1-12: Minimax, Viking
� HFC-227ea: Minimax, Viking
Available working pressures
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 45
History of working pressures
� CO2 was always working with 60bar
� Inertgases are working also with 60bar after the pressure reducer or 30-40bar whenconstant flow valve is equipped.
� Halon 1301 has a vapor pressure of ca.200psi at 21°C in order to increase the capability 160psi nitrogen where added in the US giving 360psi(24,8bar), in Europe system where created with 42bar (610psi) in order to work on longer distances. (CO2 hardware was used)
� FM-200 has a vapor pressure of 4bar, the difference to Halon was substituted byNitrogen in the US, in Europe systems where created with 42bar (Halon hardware)
� Novec 1230 has a vapor pressure of 0,4bar, the difference to FM-200 was substitutedby Nitrogen. Also 42bar systems where created by using FM-200 42bar Hardware
� Due to the lazyness of Novec 1230 to leave the cylinder, having more pressure isadvantageous. Welded cylinders are now available with 500psi (34,5bar) what is themaximum for a welded cylinder according DOT seamless with 50bar (725psi).
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 46
Pressure for transportation
of agent in pipe
287%
213%
179%
100%
50bar / 725psi
42bar / 610psi
34,5bar / 500psi
25bar / 360psi
Avg. Loss after
opening of valve
Min. nozzle
pressure
Min. nozzle
pressure
Min.
nozzle
pressure
Min.
nozzle
pressure
Avg. Loss after
opening of valve
Avg. Loss after
opening of valve
Avg. Loss after
opening of valve
What is the advantage of higher working pressure
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 47
�The diameter gets smaller with higher working pressure,
� Or instead of two pipes one is enough
�Rooms that require a bigger agent mass than suitable for 4“ needs multiple systems !
What is the advantage of higher working pressure
Gaseous systems application
25bar 34,5bar 42bar 50bar ISO ANSI
17 21 25 30 DN15 1/2" Sch40
28 34 40 50 DN20 3/4" Sch40
42 51 60 75 DN25 1" Sch40
66 80 95 110 DN32 1 1/4" Sch40
100 120 140 200 DN40 1 1/2" Sch40
150 175 200 260 DN50 2" Sch40
250 275 300 400 DN65 2 1/2" Sch40
420 510 600 750 DN80 3" Sch40
630 765 900 1300 DN100 4" Sch40
delivered agent in kg in 10sec Pipe dimpipe class
© Viking Page 48
Pipe class according FSSA handbook
Gaseous systems application
�Schedule40 is sufficient for all working pressures up to 50bar = 725psi
© Viking Page 49
� Nitrogen is the propellant and will be flooded after the agent
� Example of Nitrogen amount:
� 1 cylinder 180l, 25bar, fill 186,3kg Novec 1230
� 186,3kg Novec 1230 = 115,3l Novec 1230 (dens. 1,616kg/l)
� 1 cylinder 32l, 25bar, fill 18,6kg Novec 1230
� 18,6kg Novec 1230 = 11,5l Novec 1230
� 180l - 115,3l Novec 1230 + 32l - 11,5l Novec = 85,2l Nitrogen x 25bar = 2130l expanded Nitrogen
� 1 cylinder: 180l, 50bar, fill 197,8kg + 4,6kg heel, Novec 1230
� 202,4kg Novec 1230 = 125,2l Novec 1230 (dens. 1,616kg/l)
� 180l minus 125,2l Novec = 54,8l Nitrogen x 42bar = 2301l expanded Nitrogen (50bar = 2740l)
� A higher working pressure acts with a similar amount of Nitrogen, itjust compress it to less volume.
� Nozzle pressure will be reduced by smaller pipes in case of higherworking pressure.
� Final nozzle pressures are at same level
25/34,5 bar
42/50 bar
Is the higher working pressure a threat for the room integrity
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 50
Example
Room 90m² - 3m+0,3m = 297m³- Design NFPA25bar requires:
180l + 32l cylinder
50bar requires:
180l cylinder
� High fill density in real life
� Smaller or less Cylinders = less space needed
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 51
76m3+40m³ - 95,8 kg filling,
80l cylinder 0-3 = 15m inlet pipe!
High fill density
Gaseous systems application
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Unbalanced piping, 3 levels on same pipework
Gaseous systems application
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15,6m / 24m
66m
Long distance or high rise pipe
Gaseous systems application
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� Agent quantity Halon: 0,3kg / m³ - Novec: 0,69kg / m³ (NFPA)
� 50bar can transport 3x times more agent through same diameter
� Utilizing existing pipes is possible !
� hydraulic calculation needed in advance
� Attention on falling T´s with Halon, these are not accpetable
� Attention with to big pipes for Halon masses
� See table of agent delivered in 10seconds
Substition of Halon 1301 or other HFC systems
Gaseous systems application
25bar 34,5bar 42bar 50bar ISO ANSI
17 21 25 30 DN15 1/2" Sch40
28 34 40 50 DN20 3/4" Sch40
42 51 60 75 DN25 1" Sch40
66 80 95 110 DN32 1 1/4" Sch40
100 120 140 200 DN40 1 1/2" Sch40
150 175 200 260 DN50 2" Sch40
250 275 300 400 DN65 2 1/2" Sch40
420 510 600 750 DN80 3" Sch40
630 765 900 1300 DN100 4" Sch40
delivered agent in kg in 10sec Pipe dimpipe class
© Viking Page 55
APPROVALS
Recommended approvals for hardware
� Why do we need a system approval ?
� All components have to show their reliability in long term tests
� The complete systems has to show its performance
� The performance must be predicted by a software
� The software is the most crucial part of a system.
� With FM/UL listings it is strictly linked with the system
� VdS Software is a kind of open source, always aks for VdS approval of the calculated system.
� Attention has to paid to the cylinders, here additional certificates are required, e.g. DOT, TPED,
� Offshore application often requires different approval than onshore
� Pay special attention to CE in Europe
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Single zone system
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� See Installation and Service manual for more details
Gaseous systems application
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Gaseous systems application
Single zone system
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� See Design manual for more details
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Gaseous systems application
Single zone system
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� See Design manual for more details
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Gaseous systems application
Single zone system
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� See Design manual for more details
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Flooding factors of HFC-227ea vs. FK-5-1-12
Required kg per hazard: Volume x kg/m³
Quantity calculation
Gaseous systems application
Overview
For more details refer to NFPA 2001 or ISO 14520
Design conc.
%
kg/m³ @15°C
kg/m³ @18°C
kg/m³ @20°C
kg/m³ @21°C
max. conc. @50°C from 15°C Design
NOAEL %
LOAEL %
Design conc.
%
kg/m³ @15°C
kg/m³ @18°C
kg/m³ @20°C
kg/m³ @21°C
max. conc. @50°C from 15°C Design
NOAEL %
LOAEL %
Class A - NFPA 2001 4,5 0,6683 0,6606 0,6556 0,6531 5,1 6,9 0,551 0,545 0,54 0,538 7,8
Class B - NFPA 2001 5,9 0,8893 0,8790 0,8723 0,8690 6,7 9 0,735 0,727 0,721 0,718 10,1
Class C - NFPA 2001 4,5 0,6683 0,6606 0,6556 0,6531 5,1 7,3 0,585 0,579 0,574 0,5720 8,2
Surface Class A - ISO14520 5,3 0,7938 0,7846 0,7787 0,7757 6,0 7,9 0,637 0,63 0,625 0,623 8,9
Class B - ISO14520 5,9 0,8893 0,8790 0,8723 0,8690 6,7 9 0,735 0,727 0,721 0,718 10,1
Higher Class A - ISO 14520 5,6 0,8414 0,8317 0,8253 0,8222 6,4 8,5 0,69 0,682 0,677 0,675 9,6
HFC-227ea / FM200FK-5-1-12 / Novec 1230
9 10,510 >10
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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System components Multizone
65
� See Installation and Service manual for more details
Gaseous systems application
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Principle
� Centralized agent storage
� Hazards are served via valves
� In case of alarm the corresponding valve will open and release the agent to the area
� Wich kind of systems you know working like that ?
� Sprinkler
� Foam
� Gas
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 67
Main characteristics
� Single zone: The agent quantity is calculated to flood the protected zone one time, with reserve two times
� Independent from other rooms
� More rooms = linear increase of investment
� Space cosuming
� Multizone: The agent quantity is calculated for the biggest of several volumes, the necessary quantity is released in case of alarm and flooded via a selectional valve into the area, a 100% reserve is often used.
� First come first serve
� Limited investment in agent and cylinders
� Occupies only small space
Gaseous systems application
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� Minimax&Viking approved as first and so faronly company a multizone system utilizingNovec 1230 according FM/UL approvalguidelines.
� This contains, cylinder and all hardware forsingle zone systems
� Selectorvalves and related componentes
� Software to calculate selectorvalve manifold.
� Up 15 rooms can be connected to onecylinder bank.
Gaseous systems application
Watch Video
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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� See Design manual for more details
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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Gaseous systems application
Software
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Golden rules multizone
� Minimum room agent requirement per room should be 150kg to be connected to Multizone system, otherwise single system is more economic
Gaseous systems application
� Saving: 1 cylinder with accessories and agent
� Additional: 1 Selector valve with accessories
© Viking Page 75
Golden rules multizone
� Ideal relation of rooms connected to one system is 4:1
� The background is a limit of the hydraulic calculation called “agent in pipe”
� This shall be not more than f.e. 85% (our software)
� If first pipes are to big (necessary for bigger areas) nitrogen will go ahead of agent and agent supply will be not sufficient to build up concentration
� Pressure drops to much in Selector valve manifold
� Example:
� Biggest room requires 1000kg, and therefore manifold and selector valve manifold is 4”
� Smallest requires 150kg, this will be flooded into 4” manifolds
� If rooms vary more than 4:1 we may consider one system for big rooms and one for small rooms.
Gaseous systems application
1000kg
150kg
Nitrogen
© Viking Page 76
Golden rules multizone
� Maximum agent for biggest hazard ca. 1300kg, if bigger rooms need to be protected consider either slave battery or separate system
Gaseous systems application
© Viking Page 77
Examples for savings
Single systems: 21cylinder – 2632kg
Multizone with reserve: 6 + 6cylinders = 12 cylinders 748kg+748kg = 1496kg
Gaseous systems application
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Examples for savings
35 Cylinders & 3,5to Novec saved, -32% against single zone. Max. Distance 49m
Gaseous systems application
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Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!Eventuell noch ein erläuternder Schlusssatz
Case study 13,8kV substation
© Viking Page 80
Novec 1230 – 4,5% @ 21°C – sealevel – 2 Equipment rooms available
Case study 13,8kV substation
© Viking Page 81
List of rooms
� We decided to use only one Fire Equipment room
� Distance to rooms was very different
� Rooms are in BF and GF
Case study 13,8kV substation
1.aBF Cable Distribution
Room left1450,00 950,7 1 22 -5
1.bBF Cable Distribution
Room right1455,38 954,2 1 38 -5
2GF 13.8kV Switchgear
Room1371,59 899,3 1 20 0
3 GF Battery Room 257,38 168,8 1 40 0
4GF Communication
Room201,36 132,1 3 5 0
5 GF Control Room 1425,84 934,8 3 16 0
Agent Required w/o reserve 4039,9
Sr. No. Protected RoomsRoom
Volume m3
Agent Qty
in kg
Enclo
sures
Dist.
Incl.
Elbow
Elevat
ion
© Viking Page 82
Cylinder bank
� Space requirement
� Single row = No. of cylinders x 0,5
� Example 13,8kV Swgr = 7 x 0,5
� Double row = (No. of cylinders x 0,5) + 0,25
Case study 13,8kV substation
Dm
406mm
500mm
Dm
406mm
250mmDm
406mm
500mm
Manifold
Manifold
450mm
900mm
© Viking Page 83
1.aBF Cable Distribution
Room left1450,00 950,7 1 22 -5 22 180l 86,5 9
1.bBF Cable Distribution
Room right1455,38 954,2 1 38 -5 28 180l 72 9,5
2GF 13.8kV Switchgear
Room1371,59 899,3 1 20 0 28 180l 72 9,5
3 GF Battery Room 257,38 168,8 1 40 0 4 106l 84,5 9,5
4GF Communication
Room201,36 132,1 3 5 0 4 106l 76 9,5
5 GF Control Room 1425,84 934,8 3 16 0 26 180l 72 10
Agent Required w/o reserve 4039,9 112
Fill in
kg
sec.
25bar
8449
Single Zone 25bar
Cyl. Qty.
SZ 25bar
Size Cyl.
SZ 25bar
Sr. No. Protected RoomsRoom
Volume m3
Agent Qty
in kg
Enclo
sures
Dist.
Incl.
Elbow
Elevat
ion
Situation with 25bar – max. 180l cylinder size
Case study 13,8kV substation
� Higher agent amount is caused by over flooding to eliminate pipe fill error and minimum fill of cylinder
© Viking Page 84
Situation with 25bar – max. 180l cylinder size
� Situation in Equipment room 1
Case study 13,8kV substation
Control room
Communication room13,8kV Swgr room
Cable basement right
Cable basement left
© Viking Page 85
Situation with 25bar – max. 180l cylinder size
� 25bar system: 112 cylinder
� Due to distance of battery room or communication room both rooms are needed.
� Fire Equipment room 2 would be to small for all cylinders
� The 4 cylinders for battery room has to be placed in Fire Equipment room 2
Case study 13,8kV substation
© Viking Page 86
1.aBF Cable Distribution
Room left1450,00 950,7 1 22 -5 12 180l 162,5 9
1.bBF Cable Distribution
Room right1455,38 954,2 1 38 -5 14 180l 138,5 9
2GF 13.8kV Switchgear
Room1371,59 899,3 1 20 0 12 180l 154,5 9
3 GF Battery Room 257,38 168,8 1 40 0 4 140l 89,0 9
4GF Communication
Room201,36 132,1 3 5 0 2 140l 136,5 9
5 GF Control Room 1425,84 934,8 3 16 0 12 180l 160,5 9
Agent Required w/o reserve 4039,9 56
Single Zone 50bar
Size
Cyl. SZ
Fill in
kg
sec.
50bar
8298
Cyl. Qty.
SZ 50bar
Sr. No. Protected RoomsRoom
Volume m3
Agent Qty
in kg
Enclo
sures
Dist.
Incl.
Elbow
Elevat
ion
Situation with 50bar – max. 180l cylinder size
� Higher agent amount is caused by residual agent in seamless cylinders and by over flooding to eliminate pipe fill error
Case study 13,8kV substation
© Viking Page 87
Situation with 50bar – max. 180l cylinder size
� Situation in Equipment room 1
Case study 13,8kV substation
Control room
Battery room
Communication room13,8kV Swgr room
Cable basement right
Cable basement left
© Viking Page 88
Situation with 50bar – max. 180l cylinder size
� 50bar single zone system: 56 cylinders
� Only one room is required, Fire equipment room 1 can accommodate all cylinders
� Room size could be reduced by ca.1/4rd
� Fire Equipment room 2 can be used for other purpose
� Saved space: 60m²
Case study 13,8kV substation
© Viking Page 89
Situation with 50bar Multizone – max. 180l cylinder size
� Battery room needs to be overflooded to eliminate pipefill error but is still below 10%
� This is the big adavantage of Novec 1230 in Design
Case study 13,8kV substation
1.aBF Cable Distribution
Room left1450,00 950,7 1 22 -5 - - - 12 162,5 9
1.bBF Cable Distribution
Room right1455,38 954,2 1 38 -5 1 4" 20 0 100,5 9
2GF 13.8kV Switchgear
Room1371,59 899,3 1 20 0 1 4" 20 0 100,5 9
3 GF Battery Room 257,38 168,8 1 40 0 1 2 1/2" 8 0 100,5 12
4GF Communication
Room201,36 132,1 3 5 0 1 2" 6 0 100,5 9
5 GF Control Room 1425,84 934,8 3 16 0 1 4" 20 0 100,5 9
Agent Required w/o reserve 4039,9 5 20 12 3960
Multizone 50bar
Dim. Of
valves
Cyl. MZ
M/R
Slave cyl.
MZ M/R
Fill in
kg
sec.
50bar
No of
valves
Sr. No. Protected RoomsRoom
Volume m3
Agent Qty
in kg
Enclo
sures
Dist.
Incl.
Elbow
Elevat
ion
© Viking Page 90
Situation with 50bar Multizone – max. 180l cylinder size
� 50bar multi zone system: 32 cylinders plus 5 valves
� Only one room is required, Fire equipment room 1 can accommodate all cylinders
� Room can be less than half the size
� Saved space: 80m²
Case study 13,8kV substation
© Viking Page 91
� All systems have a common principle
� Different working pressures available
� Higher working pressure provides more flexibility
� Higher working pressure is no threat to room integrity
� Higher working pressure saves space and hardware
� Working with Multizone saves cost
� If applying Multizone it is crucial that the software calculates the selector valve manifold
� For Halon substitution more pressure is necessary
Summary
Vielen Dank für Eure Aufmerksamkeit!
Большое спасибо за Ваше внимание !
Tack för din uppmärksamhet
�را ھ�����مThanks for your attention !
Kiitos huomita
Gracias por su atención
Takk for oppmerksomheten
Merci pour votre attention
Grazie per l‘attenzione
Dankon pro via atento
Peter Eisenberger
+43 664/836 66 56