Gary Hicks and Rob MarshGary Hicks and Rob Marsh April 19, 2005April 19, 2005

Pavement Preservation Sub-Group Pavement Preservation Sub-Group

on Strategy Selection & Evaluationon Strategy Selection & Evaluation

Pavement Preservation (PP) – Pavement Preservation (PP) – What is it? What is it?

Sum of all activities to provide and Sum of all activities to provide and maintain serviceable roadwaysmaintain serviceable roadways Corrective & Preventive Maintenance Corrective & Preventive Maintenance

(30mm)(30mm) Minor & Major Rehab (CAPM)Minor & Major Rehab (CAPM)

SHOPP delay is pavement preservationSHOPP delay is pavement preservation

Time or TrafficTime or Traffic

ConditionCondition

Pavement Preservation ConceptPavement Preservation Concept

RehabilitatioRehabilitation Triggern Trigger

Preventive Preventive TriggerTrigger

Original Original PavementPavement

Optimal Optimal TimingTiming

PPTG- Sub-group on Strategy PPTG- Sub-group on Strategy Selection & EvaluationSelection & Evaluation

Overall GoalsOverall Goals

Work ActivitiesWork Activities

Approach for selecting Approach for selecting maintenance maintenance treatmentstreatments

LCCA approachLCCA approach

Training Training RecommendationsRecommendations

SummarySummary

Overall Sub-group Goals Overall Sub-group Goals

Verify when and where to Verify when and where to

use various PP strategies use various PP strategies

based on current pavement based on current pavement

condition datacondition data

Show the cost effectiveness Show the cost effectiveness

for the various strategies for the various strategies

based on LCCAbased on LCCA

Provide training Provide training

recommendationsrecommendations

Work Activities – General Work Activities – General ScopeScope

Limit initial work to implemented Limit initial work to implemented

Caltrans strategiesCaltrans strategies

Identify costs for each strategy Identify costs for each strategy

(make sure we know what is included (make sure we know what is included

in the cost data)in the cost data)

Identify when and where a particular Identify when and where a particular

strategy is appropriate and most cost strategy is appropriate and most cost

effectiveeffective

Typical Caltrans Typical Caltrans TreatmentsTreatments

Seals (Fog, Slurry, Seals (Fog, Slurry, Chip)Chip)

Crack Seal/FillCrack Seal/Fill Micro-SurfacingMicro-Surfacing Thin HMA Thin HMA

OverlaysOverlays Bonded Wearing Bonded Wearing

CourseCourse Surface recyclingSurface recycling

Crack & Joint SealCrack & Joint Seal Partial & Full Partial & Full

Depth RepairDepth Repair Under-sealingUnder-sealing Dowel Bar RetrofitDowel Bar Retrofit Diamond Grinding Diamond Grinding

& Grooving& Grooving

ACAC PCCPCC

MTAG– MTAG– www.dot.ca.gov/hq/maint/MTA_guide.htmwww.dot.ca.gov/hq/maint/MTA_guide.htm

Benefits of PP TreatmentsBenefits of PP Treatments

Life Extension of the existing Life Extension of the existing pavementpavement

Reduced noise, depending on Reduced noise, depending on the treatmentthe treatment

Improved ride qualityImproved ride quality

Improved skid resistance and Improved skid resistance and safety (reduced splash & spray)safety (reduced splash & spray)

Reduce user delaysReduce user delays

Life ExtensionLife Extension

DefinitionDefinition Factors affecting life extensionFactors affecting life extension

Condition of existing pavementCondition of existing pavement ClimateClimate TrafficTraffic Timing of treatmentTiming of treatment

Validation of life extensionValidation of life extension

PMS Data Point

VeryGood

Good

Fair

Poor

VeryPoor

Time (Years)

PMS Data Point

Measured Life Extension

Definition of Life Definition of Life ExtensionExtension

Tools to Validate life Tools to Validate life extensionextension

Pavement condition-Type, extent and Pavement condition-Type, extent and severity of distressseverity of distress

Condition prior to treatmentCondition prior to treatment At time of selectionAt time of selection At time of constructionAt time of construction

Condition after constructionCondition after construction BaselineBaseline At various intervalsAt various intervals

For PP treatments, the acceptable For PP treatments, the acceptable level of existing distress should be level of existing distress should be smallsmall

Selecting Maintenance Selecting Maintenance Treatments-The Caltrans Treatments-The Caltrans approachapproach

Factors consideredFactors considered Existing pavement conditionExisting pavement condition TrafficTraffic ClimateClimate Geography/TopographyGeography/Topography

11stst Caltrans Approach- MTAG Caltrans Approach- MTAG (flexible pavements only)(flexible pavements only)

evaluates applicability of various CT PP treatments

based upon existing pavement condition and environmental factors

Developed in 2003

MTAG Version 2003MTAG Version 2003

22ndnd Caltrans Approach- Caltrans Approach-2004 Maintenance Directive2004 Maintenance Directive

Guidelines for Successful Maintenance Treatments Basis for CT Major Maintenance Program

annual contract maintenance program evaluated applicability of various CT PM’s comparison based upon pavement condition and environmental factors evaluates applicability based upon type of distress condition as well as extent of cracking

Maintenance Directive Maintenance Directive 2004 2004

Page 1 of 2Page 1 of 2

Maintenance Directive Maintenance Directive 2004 2004

        Rutting    

Treatment

Raveling

Oxidation

Bleeding

<1/2"

>1/2"

Urban

Rural

Slurry Seals              

Type II (See note 1) F G N N N G G

Type III G G N F N G G

Chip Seal              

PME - Med. Fine G G N F N P G

PME - Medium G G N F N P G

PMA -Medium (See Note 3.) G G N F N P G

PMA - Coarse (See Note 3.) G G N F N P G

AR - Medium G G N F N P G

AR - Coarse G G N F N P G

Maintenance Directive 2004Maintenance Directive 2004General Guidelines for Effective Treatments on General Guidelines for Effective Treatments on

CracksCracks

Page 2 of 2Page 2 of 2

Maintenance Directive 20004 Maintenance Directive 20004 General Guidelines for Effective Treatments on CracksGeneral Guidelines for Effective Treatments on Cracks

Page 2 of 2Page 2 of 2

  Alligator "C" Longitudinal/Transverse

Criteria Low Medium High Low Medium High

Width <1/4">1/4", <1/2" >1/2" <1/4"

>1/4", <1/2" >1/2"

  or or or      

Area <10%>10%, <20%

>20%, <30%      

Treatment            

Microsurfacing            

Type II (See note 2) F P N F N N

Type III F P N F N N

PM Alternative            

Conventional OGAC G F (See Note 4)

N G F P

PBA OGAC G F (See Note 4)

N G F P

AR OGAC G G F G F P

AR OGAC High Binder (HB) G G F G F P

Gap Graded RACOL G G G G F P

Thin Bonded Wearing Course (BWC)

G G F F F P

Differences Between Approaches and Recommendations

Differences the treatment and consideration of cracking.

a second page added to the Matrix.

fluctuations in the Costs/Lane-mile and life expectancy of treatments.

Recommendations

As the 2004 MTCE Directive is the current basis for the Contract Maintenance program, its’ decision matrix should be the selected version.

LCCA- an Approach to Cost LCCA- an Approach to Cost EffectivenessEffectiveness

DefinitionDefinition ElementsElements Proposed approachProposed approach Expected resultsExpected results

LCCA (Definition)LCCA (Definition)

Allows comparison of two or Allows comparison of two or more alternatives on a rational more alternatives on a rational economic basiseconomic basis

Initial and future costs Initial and future costs considered together with considered together with expected pavement expected pavement performanceperformance

Example of CostsExample of Costs

ExcellenExcellentt

FaileFailedd

Time or TrafficTime or Traffic

ConditioConditionn

$1 to $2/yd$1 to $2/yd22

$5 to $8/yd22

LCCA Elements for HMA LCCA Elements for HMA PavementsPavements

Type and life of Maintenance and Type and life of Maintenance and

rehabilitation treatmentsrehabilitation treatments

Agency costsAgency costs

User costs (auto repairs, safety, delays)User costs (auto repairs, safety, delays)

Salvage valueSalvage value

Time value of money (present net value vs. Time value of money (present net value vs.

annual cost)annual cost)

Data NeedsData Needs

Determine lives (or life extension) Determine lives (or life extension)

of pavement preservation of pavement preservation

treatmentstreatments Determine costs of typical Determine costs of typical

maintenance and rehabilitation maintenance and rehabilitation costs costs

In lieu of actual data, use best In lieu of actual data, use best

estimates of life of treatment and estimates of life of treatment and

life extensionlife extension

Estimated Life of TreatmentEstimated Life of Treatment

TreatmenTreatmentt

Good Good Condition Condition (PCI=80)(PCI=80)

Fair Fair Condition Condition (PCI=60)(PCI=60)

Poor Poor Condition Condition (PCI=40)(PCI=40)

Fog SealFog Seal 3 - 53 - 5 1 - 31 - 3 1 - 21 - 2

Chip SealChip Seal 7 - 107 - 10 3 - 53 - 5 1 - 31 - 3

Slurry Slurry SealSeal

7 - 107 - 10 3 - 53 - 5 1 - 31 - 3

Micro-Micro-surfacingsurfacing

8 - 128 - 12 5 - 75 - 7 2 - 42 - 4

Thin HMAThin HMA 10 - 1210 - 12 5 - 75 - 7 2 - 42 - 4

LCCA Analysis ApproachesLCCA Analysis Approaches

LCCA Model can be run in two modesLCCA Model can be run in two modes Single best estimates of inputsSingle best estimates of inputs

Produces single estimate of costProduces single estimate of cost““Deterministic”Deterministic”

Range of estimates for each inputRange of estimates for each inputProduces distribution of costsProduces distribution of costsA means to address uncertaintyA means to address uncertainty““Probabilistic”Probabilistic”

Example of Savings Example of Savings Associated with Using PP Associated with Using PP TreatmentsTreatments

FacilityFacility AlternatAlternatee

LCC (NPV), LCC (NPV), $/sy$/sy

% % SavingsSavings

City City StreetsStreets

A – A – ReconRecon

21.0821.08 14.614.6

B – PMB – PM 18.4018.40

Rural Rural HighwayHighwayss

A – A – ReconRecon

36.4436.44 17.017.0

B – PMB – PM 31.1431.14

Major Major HighwayHighwayss

A – A – ReconRecon

70.8070.80 76.976.9

B - PMB - PM 40.0240.02

SummarySummary

Goals of subgroupGoals of subgroup Work activitiesWork activities Approach for selecting Approach for selecting

treatmentstreatments Approach for performing LCCAApproach for performing LCCA Training recommendationsTraining recommendations

Action items-Treatment Action items-Treatment SelectionSelection

Treatment selection process for Treatment selection process for

flexible pavements- flexible pavements- Draft completedDraft completed

Treatment selection process for Treatment selection process for

rigid pavements_rigid pavements_To be developedTo be developed

Recommended Training based on Recommended Training based on

aboveabove

Action items-LCCAAction items-LCCA

Cost data for treatments- 3Cost data for treatments- 3rdrd Quarter Quarter 20052005

Expected life of treatments- 3Expected life of treatments- 3rdrd Quarter 2005Quarter 2005

LCCA approach- 3LCCA approach- 3rdrd Quarter 2005 Quarter 2005 Complete initial LCCA studies- Early Complete initial LCCA studies- Early

20062006 Recommended Training Program – Recommended Training Program –

Following completion of aboveFollowing completion of above

Recommended Training aidsRecommended Training aids

MTAG-FHWA is putting it on the MTAG-FHWA is putting it on the webweb

Data needs and collection Data needs and collection proceduresprocedures

Treatment Selection processTreatment Selection process LCCA approachLCCA approach

MTAG– MTAG– www.dot.ca.gov/hq/maint/MTA_guide.htmwww.dot.ca.gov/hq/maint/MTA_guide.htm