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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Ro-el Cordero & Robert Trevino
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Contemporary Scientists
Tycho Brahe– Born into highest
ranked nobility in Denmark
– King of Denmark gave him a Island and 5% GNP to work
– Later became imperial astronomer of Emperor Rudolph II
– Accurate measurement of stars
(1546-1601)
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Image from http://www.nada.kth.se/~fred/tycho/index.html
Contemporary Scientists
Johannes Kepler– Sickly child of poor
parents– University teacher and
pupil of Tycho Brahe– Alienated by both
Catholic and Lutheran churches
– Laws of Planetary motion
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Image from http://www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov
(1571-1630)
Contemporary Scientists
Hans Lipperhey– Invented the spyglass– Galileo supposedly
read about the discovery through a letter.
(d.1619)
Image from http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/lipperhey.html
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Contemporary Scientists
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek– Father was a basket
maker– Self Supported, Linen-
draper and Surveyor– Elected to Royal Society– Father of microbiology
(1632-1723)
Image from http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html
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The Medici Family
Traced back to the end of the 12th century
Started as a banking and commerce family
Important family figures to Galileo– Cosimo I– Ferdinand I & Christina of Lorraine– Cosimo II– Ferdinand II– Leopold– Gian-Gastone
Medici and Sponsorship
Since Cosimo I, the family held the arts and sciences and general education in high regard
Always sponsored and stood by their decisions, despite popular belief or church views
Needed to produce to keep their support
Galileo and the Family
Formally began with helping Christina of Lorraine’s brother with work, which lead to professorship in Pisa
Tutored the princes while also making his own discoveries
“Court Scientist” began with the telescope and Starry Messenger
Scientist, teacher, and showman
Important Work
Pendulum Motion
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*note
Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
Important Work
Hydrostatic Balance
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vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ references?id=tec_cat2 taken from: Gscheidlen, Richard. 1876. Physiologische Methodik: Ein Handbuch der Praktischen Physiologie. (p. ハ 0058, fig. ハ 60)
This is not Galileo’s Design, but a later one.
Important Work
One Horse Water Pump
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Image from THE GALILEO PROJECT
(yes, we know there are two horses in this photo)
Important Work
Sector
Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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Important Work
New Star Calculation– Using Parallax
calculated that the new star was beyond the moon and thus in the heavens
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http://wps.aw.com/wps/media
Important Work
Thermoscope
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Image from THE GALILEO PROJECT
Important Work
Used telescope to find 4 satellites of Jupiter, and other neat things
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Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
Important Work
Longitude at sea• Using the eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites• Won a prize of a gold chain from the Dutch
(refused or was forced to refuse)• Method never really practical at sea• Eventually helped fix maps of France, il
Mar Terrano, and even Pennsylvania.
Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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“Vehemently Suspect of Heresy”:Formal Abjuration from the Church
I have been judged vehemently suspect of heresy, that is, of having held and believed that the sun is in the centre of the universe and immoveable, and that the earth is not at the center of same, and that it does move. Wishing however, to remove from the minds of your Eminences and all faithful Christians this vehement suspicion reasonably conceived against me, I abjure with a sincere heart and unfeigned faith, I curse and detest the said errors and heresies, and generally all and every error, heresy, and sect contrary to the Holy Catholic Church.
Galileo and the Church
Pope Urban VIII1632: Dialogues on the Two Chief World
Systems-Ptolemaic and Copernican– Given permission by Cardinal Bellermine
and Pope Urban 1610 to treat Copernican as theory, but to not teach or defend it; end with “God is all-powerful; to Him all things are therefore possible”
– Bible versus scientific proofInquisition when book reached Rome
(1633)House arrest
Dialogues on the Two Chief World Systems- Ptolemaic and
CopernicanThe Persons– Salivati: Galileo and Copernican views– Simplicio: Aristotilean philosophers– Sagrado: simple layman
Official aim and actual discourseOrganization
– First Day: Against Aristotelian physics, current belief
– Second Day: Law of Inertia– Third Day: Formation and destruction in the
heavens– Fourth Day: Copernican explanation, Venus,
Jupiter