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7/26/2019 G note1.pdf
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-Introduction-
(Hyung Hee Cho)
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GE 9 0 En g i n e GE 9 0 En g i n e
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Assumptions for the basic gas turbine cycle:
Air, as an ideal gas, is the working fluid throughout
Combustion is replaced with heat transfer from an external source
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P C l (H t E i )
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Power Cycles (Heat Engines)
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where:
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Steady-State Flow:
One-Dimensional Flow:
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Recall:
Energy Rate Balance:
Steady State Flow:
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Conservation of Mass
m1 = m2
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Common Form of 1st Law:
Heat transfer is often small enough relative to
the power and enthalpy terms
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Common Form of 1st Law:
Heat transfer is often small enough relative to
the power and enthalpy terms
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Rotating compressors
Reciprocating compressor
Common Form of 1st Law:
Heat transfer is often small enough relative tothe power and enthalpy terms
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A System Property
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y p y
Selecting the symbol S to denote this property, which is called entropy,
its change is given by
Definition of entropy change:
On a differential basis:
Entropy is an extensive property.
Entropy:
1.Since entropy is a property, the change in entropy of a system in going
from one state to another is the same for all processes, both internally
reversible and irreversible, between these two states.
2.Entropy is defined and evaluated in terms of a particular integral for which
no accompanying physical picture is given.
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Internally Reversible Processes of Closed Systems
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y y
Carnot Power Cycle
Carnot Refrigeration and
heat pump Cycle
Cycle1-2 and 3-4 : isentropic process.
Carnot Cycle application
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Ideal Thermal Efficiency
= W/qin = (qin qout)/qin =1 - qout/qin
=
Ideal Thermal Efficiency
= W/qin = (qin qout)/qin =1 - qout/qin
=
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Ideal Thermal EfficiencyIdeal Thermal Efficiency
1-2: COMPRESSOR
3-4: TURBINE
4-1: HEAT REJECT
2-3: COMBUSTER
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Maximum Work
T2 = ?
Maximum Work
T2 = ?
Maximum Thermal Efficiency
T2 = ?Maximum Thermal Efficiency
T2 = ?
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Using Constant Specific Heats, the cycle thermal efficiency is:
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Effect of Pressure Ratio on Performance
(constant k) k= 1.4
Ideal Brayton cycle with different pressure
ratios and the same turbine inlet temperature.
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Maximum workMaximum work
Turbine inlettemperature
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Comparison of actual and isentropic compressions.
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Compressors and Pumps:
Pumps, assuming incompressible model:
Isentropic Turbine Efficiency
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Comparison of actual and
isentropic expansions through a turbine.
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Regenerator Effectiveness :
Heat added per unit mass :
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Compressor Turbine
Combustor
RecuperatorExhaust
AirIntercooled/Recuperated Engine systemIntercooled/Recuperated Engine system
Recuperator
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Reheat, regeneration, and intercooling are most effective when used in
combination with one another. However, weight limitations (e.g. aircraft
applications) often limit their usage.
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Ericsson cycle
Stirling cycle
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