FYP Journal 2014

The Final Year Project Journal 2014 is a publication of the College of Engineering, Xavier

University- Ateneo de Cagayan. It is a Compilation of Abstracts of the Students’ Final Year

Projects of the current school year. The Final Year Projects Display and Presentation is also a

way of peer review and a venue for healthy constructive competition among students.

Final Year Projects Journal 2014 Committee

Dexter S. Lo Chairperson

Rengie P. Bagares

Julemer Ann G. Aying Co-Chairpersons

Text Editors:

Johnrey S. Asiñero Daphne S. Lacida

Reymond F. Tayone Jefferson R. Vallente, Jr.

Layout Artists:

Shaira Monique C. Baang Aizelle J. Mendez

Logistics:

Cherry Mae O. Ricablanca

Articles published in this journal are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the

position of the Journal Committee and of Xavier University. For further information regarding the projects,

please send them to the e-mail addresses indicated by the authors.

ISSN 2345-833X

For general inquiries:

Final Year Project Journal 2014 Committee c/o XU Engineering Resource Center 3rd Floor Engineering Building Xavier University Main Campus 9000 Cagayan de Oro City Philippines Tel No: +63 88 858 3116 local 1208/ E-mail: [email protected]

FYP Display and Presentation: Past Present and Future

In the summer of 1990 fresh from their trainings at Portsmouth Polytechnic (now University of Portsmouth)

in the United Kingdom, Engr. Jocelyn A. Mabaylan and Dr. Edilberto L. Tadulan, then faculty members of the

College of Engineering, introduced the concept of exhibiting Final Year Projects to the public. The purpose of

this activity is to inspire engineers and scientists to perfect existing technologies, as well as to engage

partnership with industries on research and development.

On February 14, 1994, with the efforts of two other trainees from Portsmouth, Engrs. Mary Jean O. Apor and

Eliseo B. Linog, Jr., the college organized a display that showcased the various projects and laboratory

equipment of the Electrical, Electronics and Communications and Mechanical Engineering units in

celebration of Power Engineering Day. Years later, as other units of the College advanced in research

capabilities, then Dean Engr. Antonio C. Sevillano, Jr. institutionalized the showcasing of student projects as

an annual activity of the College of Engineering. Consequently, with the efforts of Engrs. Maria Theresa I.

Cabaraban, Maria Isabel R. Dumlao, Shierlyn S. Paclijan and Dexter S. Lo, faculty members of the then

combined Chemical-Civil-Industrial Engineering Department, the course Final Year Project Study (FYPS) was

integrated to the curriculum of all engineering programs.

Today, the FYP Display and Presentation is a type of peer review for completed Final Year Project Studies of

the graduating seniors of the College of Engineering. It primarily showcases, promotes and exposes the

atmosphere of healthy competition among the students and of constructive interaction between students

and professionals from other institutions and industries. Several others are upshots of collaborative

ventures between and among the local industries, the faculty and the students. The objectives of the

researches at the College of Engineering are: to create new knowledge in the engineering disciplines, to

foster an active learning environment for students to acquire tools for lifelong learning and to make science

and technology matter to the pressing needs of the society.

To date, many of the College’s FYPS have garnered recognition outside the walls of the University. Many of

these are continuously presented in various professional technical conferences and conventions in the local,

national and international arenas. To be sustained, the College has steadily collaborated with self-same

industries, institutions and agencies that stand firm with the academe in its pursuit toward the training and

development of the Christian Engineer.

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

1. An Assessment and Formulation of Hydrologic Analysis of the Drainage System in Brgy. Carmen,

Cagayan de Oro City

1. Establishing a Three (3) Part Precautionary System: A Basis for the Proposed Flood A.L.E.R.T. System in Selected

Residential Area along the Iponan River

2. Wireless Fire Protection System for Xavier University-College of Engineering

HEALTH CARE SUPPORT SYSTEM

1. Multiple Obstacle Detector for the Visually Impaired

2. Muscle Movement Signal Acquisition using EMG and its Digital Integration for People with Transradial Amputation

INNOVATIVE DESIGN

1. An Experimental Study of Rice Stalk as an Alternative Sound Absorbing Acoustic Material

2. An Experimental Study of UV Irradiation in the Treatment of Grey Water in Xavier Ecoville

3. Bioremediation of Domestic Wastewater in Xavier Ecoville using Effective Microorganisms Integrated in a

Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetland

4. DC Motor Scooter for Elementary Transport in Sta. Ana, Tagoloan

5. Design and Promotion of Economical Aquaponics System for Xavier Ecoville Residential Units

6. Design of a Ferrocement Thermal Mass Roof Pond

7. Designing of Proposed Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) System in XU Main Campus

8. Development of Partially Sulfonated Polystyrene-Powered Activated Carbon (PSP-PAC) Composite as Filter for

Water Hardness and Turbidity

9. Electrical Design and Distribution System Study for Mapawa Nature Park

10. Energy Saving Opportunities for Commercial Establishments using Microcontroller

11. Lighting Energy Audit, Illuminance Analysis and Proposed LED Luminaire Replacement in XU-Library Annex

Building

12. Portable Heat Absorption Refrigeration System for Small Scale Dairy Farmers in Bukidnon

13. Smart Lighting Systems for Classroom

14. The Feasibility Study of Bottom Ash as Substitute for Fine Sand in Concrete Hollow Blocks

15. Used Tire as an Alternative Material for Design of Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE)

RENEWABLE ENERGY

1. Bioethanol Production from Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Nipa Fructicos after

Microwave-Assisted Hydrolysis

1. Feasibility Study on Sea Wave Operated Air Pump Generator as a Complimentary Energy Supply

2. Performance Evaluation of a Biogas Purification System

3. Solar Charging DC-Powered Portable Cooler-Refrigerator for Medical Application

4. Solar Powered Stirling Engine for Saltwater Pump for Sitio Malingin, Igpit, Opol, Misamis Oriental

5. A Solar Thermal Desalination System using Double Slope Solar Still with Parabolic Trough Reflector as Primary

Heater of Feedwater for Sitio Malingin, Opol, Misamis Oriental

1. Stand-Alone AC Multi-Power Generation at Xavier Ecoville, Lumbia: Solar Power and Wind Power

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

1. Geospatial and Statistical Analysis of Power Interruptions in the 13.8 KV Feeders of Cagayan de Oro City

2. KSNMPC Coconut Sugar Production System Feasibility Study

3. System Study on the Production Operation of Boyong's Philippines Inc.

4. Tita Fannies Liempo and Chicken Haus Commisary: A Production Study

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

1. A Congestion Study of Signalized Intersections along Kauswagan – Vamenta Boulevard, CM Recto – Corrales,

CM Recto – Osmena and Serina Street – Vamenta Boulevard of Cagayan de Oro City

1. A Study for an Alternate Route from Cagayan de Oro City to Laguindingan via Maritime Transportation

AN ASSESSMENT AND FORMULATION OF HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS OF THE

DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN BRGY. CARMEN, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Genesyl P Soriano, Phlinkee S Deguinion, Matthew A Barriga and Khent Bryan A Waminal

Civil Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Jofferdale Q Gallamaso Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Population is one of the major factors to consider in designing Drainage System Management. Since Brgy. Carmen has the largest population among all of the eighty (80) barangays that comprise Cagayan de Oro, the researchers then chose to assess and evaluate the drainage system of this certain barangay. Thus, this project study tends to assess and determine the existing drainage problems present in the system. Thereafter, a description of study area in terms of the Physical Features, Demographics, Land Use & Development and Sewerage & Sanitation Facilities is elaborated. The improvements that have been made in the existing drainage system and the hydrological factors contributing to flooding were also determined. A hydrologic analysis was made in order to evaluate the drainage system and to determine if the Discharge Capacity of a drainage type is sufficient enough to accommodate the Maximum Applied Flood Discharge of a catchment area. As a result, drainages were assessed and flooding issues were related with the hydrological and human factors that have intensified the cause of inundation over this area. KEYWORDS: Drainage System Management, Demographics, Hydrological Factors

mailto:[email protected]

ESTABLISHING A THREE-PART PRECAUTIONARY SYSTEM: A BASIS FOR THE PROPOSED FLOOD A.L.E.R.T. SYSTEM IN SELECTED RESIDENTIAL AREAS ALONG THE IPONAN RIVER

Soffio Michael C Maquling, Lyndon G Mordeno, Lu Raoul P Paclar and Marc Elias A Vilbar, Jr


Dexter S Lo and Jan Taat

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

This study aims to increase the community’s risk-awareness with regard to flooding by establishing an Automated Local Emergency Response in Real-Time (A.L.E.R.T.) system along the Iponan River. The system includes three parts: (1) Correlation between the rain intensity at Pigsag-an and the water level at San Simon Bridge; (2) Travel time of flood wave from the San Simon Bridge to bankfull water level in selected points downstream which are near residential areas; and (3) Time of flood water to reach possible inundated areas after bankfull in Zone 2A, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Pagatpat. The correlation between rain intensity at Pigsag-an and water level at San Simon Bridge was obtained using the unit hydrograph theory. While the travel time determination of flood wave from San Simon Bridge to selected downstream points was calculated using the monoclinal rising wave theory. The time of flood water to reach the inundated, selected residential areas was computed by combining the results of the unit hydrograph, as well as the discharge and water level relationships at selected cross-sections. LiDAR data was then used in determining the probable flooded areas. Results show that based from a 1.75-hour unit hydrograph, in the case of Super Typhoon Bopha in 2012, it takes about 2.29 hours from the center of the rain event at Pigsag-an for the gauge height at San Simon Bridge to reach 6.56 meters. This is the critical gauge height reading wherein it would take another 11 minutes for water levels near Zone 2A, 3, 4 and 5 of Pagatpat to reach bankfull. Consequent time of flood waters to reach possible inundated residential areas aforementioned, and the computed flooded areas are then shown in a GIS-based map to project both spatial and time elements. KEYWORDS: Flood Wave, Disaster, Unit Hydrograph, River Bankfull, LiDAR

WIRELESS FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR XAVIER UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Abdul Nasser M Ali, Alberto Reyes III, Destiny Rhen B Alipao,

Lester P Gonzaga and Mark David C Raboy Electronics Engineering Department

Email: [email protected]

Annael J Domingo and Eliseo B Linog Jr Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Saving lives and protecting property are the main objectives of this project and fire alarm system has been proven to be the answer for several years in the context of fire accidents. Since we are moving towards advanced technology, the proponents are introducing a wireless fire alarm system with the use of Zigbee protocol capable of monitoring an area even in its most remote vicinity without human intervention. The system itself is easy to fit, with minimum disruption to the vicinity due to its versatility and lack of cabling. As a result, the danger of wires being damaged within the system before it can transmit the data needed is eliminated. The system also has the potential usage in buildings where suggested destruction caused by installing cabling is not permitted. Basically, the system has sensor units installed which gather the basic data needed. The transceiver then transmits the data wirelessly to the base unit where microcontrollers process the transmitted data. An output is then displayed on the LCD screen and the buzzer is activated. The sensor units also have their own unique Hex-address that indicate which room or part of the building is on fire. Detection time meanwhile depends on the volume of smoke accumulated from the vicinity with transmission time running more or less a second. Signal strength however is directly proportional to the distance plus the obstructions within the vicinity of the sensor unit to the base unit. To conclude, the results demonstrate that the system is capable of monitoring and performing the basic functionalities of a fire alarm system from detection to transmission and data processing to exhibiting alarm mechanisms to warn of a fire build up. KEYWORDS: Wireless Fire Alarm, Zigbee Protocol, Cabling


MULTIPLE OBSTACLE DETECTOR FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED

Mark Daryll Bahinting, Jamele-Gem Dablo, Rick Gustine Lawan, Kevin Angelo Ma and Vincent Kevin Orpilla

Electronics Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Mary Jean O Apor

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The study presents a device that detects multiple obstacles. The system consists of three ultrasonic sensors which detects the nearest obstacle from an angle relative to the sensor’s position. The angles which are used for the sensors are 45, 90 and 135 degrees respectively. The angles for the sensors were chosen by using the device’s sensing angle which is 15 degrees, and theoretically plotting the output signal using the angle mentioned. The device was then tested if it indeed detected objects in range according to its sensing angle. It was found, through testing using different objects, that the full swing of the device’s sensing capability is actually 24 degrees rather than 15 degrees. From this angle, the most efficient placement of each sensor where signals do not intersect one another was then decided. The theorized placement was then tested by the use of different materials and the sensors were adjusted accordingly. From each output of the sensors placed in the directions mentioned the signal is fed to the microcontroller to process the information to give an appropriate warning. The warning system is a Braille like printer device wherein the three obstacle detection sensors are paired with a three and six feet dot solenoid plunger that pops out depending on the input. Using F-test at 0.05% level of significance, the researchers found out that the five materials have the same mean sensing distance; the six distances have the same mean minimum height regardless of the material; each two trials on wood, steel plate ceramic, concrete and glass have the same mean number of output regardless of the direction. The results indicate that the device has been verified to sense multiple obstacles at a time elevated at a minimum height of 2.04 feet. This degree of elevation is needed so that the device will not detect the cane used by the visually impaired individual and therefore no detection errors will occur due to the cane.

MUSCLE MOVEMENT SIGNAL ACQUISITION USING EMG AND ITS DIGITAL INTEGRATION FOR PEOPLE WITH TRANSRADIAL AMPUTATION

Tristan Yves M Roño, Jordan R Jopillo, Constantine Mozart N Quiblat, Rommel L Pedraza and Danilo S Yap, Jr


Lolit M Villanueva

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Muscle movement signals of people that have had transradial amputation- specifically in the region below the elbow, are processed to come up with a digital signal for use in the development of robotic prosthesis. The muscle activities of relaxing and opening of the palm are acquired through the use of electromyography. The acquired signal is then analyzed and subjected to digital signal processing. Redundancy of an electromyogram is initially eliminated through the use of an instrumentation amplifier, a type of differential amplifier that is outfitted with input buffer amplifiers to eliminate the need of impedance matching. The expected output is a signal in between 50-500Hz and noise, the standard operating frequency for EMG that spreads over the entire spectrum of frequencies. Band pass filters are used to ensure that the signal is between 50-500Hz. The signal then undergoes a precision rectifier that always has positive values and consists of a series of impulses when the bicep is flexed and relatively close to zero when the muscle is relaxed. Lastly, the output of the signal is connected to an Arduino, a single-board microcontroller, which controls the servomotor that moves the prosthetic hand. KEYWORDS: Electromyography, Prosthetics, Digital Integration


AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF RICE STALK AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOUND

ABSORBING ACOUSTIC MATERIAL

Clarissa Grace A Apor, Ybonne Mae D Gabales and John Chris T Kwong Electronics Engineering Department


Ian Giovanni R Pabillaran Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Exploring alternative acoustic materials leads to seeing a potential number of good materials that are

environmentally friendly. Cheap rice stalks, commonly burned after harvesting the grains show a high

potential for application in acoustics due to its porous physical structure. To test, panels measuring 50cm x

50cm x 2.54cm are constructed using a determined amount of crushed bits of rice stalks. The reverberation

time, the amount of time for a signal to decay back to the normal ambient noise—60dB, is then determined

using the interrupted noise method and impulse excitation method. Comparison is done between rice stalk

and a room constructed with regular painted cement structure. Differences in sound levels between the

empty room and the rice stalk material were also determined. Results show that rice stalk reduces the re-

verberation time in experiments as well as the amount of escaped noise measured using the sound level

meter, indicating that rice stalk is a viable alternative to the typical sound absorbing acoustic material.

KEYWORDS: Rice Stalk, Reverberation Time, Sound Absorbing Acoustic Materials

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF UV IRRADIATION IN THE TREATMENT

OF GREY WATER IN XAVIER ECOVILLE

Earl Jasone Jaducana, George Ezar Quiriado, Nory Faith Cagatin and Charity Tapiahan

Electronics Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Majiah S Collado Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Xavier Ecoville which houses 500 families that were affected by Sendong produces 50,000L of wastewater every day—100L per family daily. This domestic sewage commonly called grey water is comprised of bathroom, laundry and dishwashing wastewater and contains bacteria, suds, toxins and other harmful elements that can harm people and create environmental hazards. In resolve, the proponents of this study have designed a UV System that disinfects wastewater by using a UV-C with 26.0uW/cm2 (UV specification of G8T5 8W) intensity that changes the exposure time of the water inside the UV system according to the most effective dose of UV, expressed in equation as: UV Dose = Residence Time X Intensity. The water output then undergoes Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique, Titration and Physical Test to obtain needed parameters to classify it. Consequently, the water output is graded Class C according to the DOH’s and DENR’s standards. The ANOVA approach also indicates a significant change of the effluent water. Accordingly, the most effective exposure time is 16mins with a 25.94 percentage removal efficiency of the system between the influent and effluent water in terms of Fecal Coliform. Thus, the UV system proves to be effective as improvement in the effluent in terms of its physical and fecal coliform counts. KEYWORDS: Grey water, Fecal Coliform, UV-C, Anova, Effluent, Influent

BIOREMEDIATION OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER IN XAVIER ECOVILLE USING EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS INTEGRATED IN A

SUBSURFACE-FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

Jerry P Acido, Rickey A Frazier, Karl A Gandionco and Bob C Obaob Chemical Engineering Department

E-mail: [email protected]

Edwin Richard R Ortiz Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Bioremediation of a subsurface wetland is studied as an alternative water treatment to purify wastewater. The main objective of the study aims to come up with a wastewater treatment method, that is the combination of Effective Microorganisms and constructed wetland, and to evaluate its efficiency and applicability in treating greywater from Xavier Ecoville, Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. Specific objectives included (1) to determine the average volumetric flow-rate of the wastewater generated per household in Xavier Ecoville, Lumbia, Cagayan De Oro city, (2) to determine the average quality of the wastewater, and (3) to determine the removal efficiency of the subsurface-flow constructed wetland with and without Effective Microorganisms (EM) in terms of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Alkalinity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Coliform, and pH. This study found that the average number of people per was also household in Xavier Ecoville is 5, while the average wastewater generated per person and per household was calculated. The average quality of the wastewater going into the wetland is also determined. Also, the removal efficiencies utilizing 2 different treatments of 0 and 1:1,000 (dilution ratio of EM to wastewater), and analyzed for DO, BOD, TSS, alkalinity, Total Coliform, and pH were analyzed.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Constructed Wetland, Effective Microorganisms

DC MOTOR SCOOTER FOR ELEMENTARY TRANSPORT IN STA. ANA TAGOLOAN

Mike Jade Ocate, Jhon Lennon Felisarta and Darwin Jose Baul

Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Alfredo T Buten, Rogelio C Golez Jr and Sittie Halia Sabo

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Elementary students living in Bontong, Tagoloan, Province of Misamis Oriental walk their way to Sta. Ana Elementary school in Tagoloan. The students travel five kilometers, about 30 to 45minutes, just to reach Sta. Ana elementary school. Access to transportation is one of the problems why elementary students in the remote areas cannot attend their class sessions on time. With this problem, the researchers proposed an alternative transportation system, which is called the “DC Powered Motor Scooter” for transporting elementary students from remote areas. The study focused on the design of a DC Powered Motor Scooter and its operation performance. Electric motorcycles are virtually maintenance-free; they are clean, efficient, and cost-effective; they never require oil changes, new spark plugs, or any other regular repairs. The project designs involve calculations for determining the required capacity of the DC Motor to carry a specific load of 130kg, design of chains, sprockets and proper housing of the scooter. The rated Horse Power of the DC motor is 0.75HP with a rated power of 500watts and rated voltage of 36Volts. Measuring devices such as a tachometer aids the collection of the necessary values of data. With the rated speed of the DC motor at 2,500RPM, the actual speed of the scooter at 30 km/hr with applied load of 130kg was obtained. with applied load of 130 kg was obtained. Study results show that using the DC Powered Electric Scooter, operating performance is acceptable with less fabrication cost as compared to the commercial electric motors available in the market. KEYWORDS: DC Motor Scooter, Motorcycles, Transportation


DESIGN AND PROMOTION OF ECONOMICAL AQUAPONICS SYSTEM FOR XAVIER ECOVILLE RESIDENTIAL UNITS

Georich C Abejero, Leira Lisa R Caga,

Breeana L de Lara and Menchie E Pacana Civil Engineering Department


Joel Camilo M Haos Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Aquaponics is a method of growing fish and plants in one system. The availability of space where the system is to be put up is a major factor that determines the dimensions of the system. In relocation sites such as Xavier Ecoville in Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City, houses are built on a minimal lot area with minimal setbacks, making it difficult to set up an aquaponics system. Hence, economic design of a profitable system is necessary for an aquaponics system to exist in such minimal space. The system is made of recycled materials such as junk refrigerator cases for the grow beds, wood tank covered with tarpaulin as fish tank, and recycled plastic bottles for the siphon. An aquaponics system made of these materials has a relatively low material expenditure of Php7, 500 as compared to an estimated cost of Php 14,000 for a non-recycled materials and a glass fish tank. A common fish species for aquaculture, Tilapia, was raised for six months in a fish tank measuring 1.2 m3. An estimated 55 kilograms of fish, 20 kilos of healthy pechay, and 60 kilos of tomatoes are expected to be harvested every year. A total of Php 10,100 is expected to be accumulated annually including construction cost of Php 2,200 per year on a 2.6m2 lot area. Moreover, the system is estimated to last 3 years and at the end of this service period, a net income of at least Php 23,700 is expected. KEYWORDS: Aquaponics, Tilapia, Grow Bed, Siphon


DESIGN OF A FERROCEMENT THERMAL MASS ROOF POND

Leah E Barrera, Connie Noreen P Bas,

Fernando B Salvacion, Jr and Richelle Grace L Silva Civil Engineering Department


Gerardo P Apor Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The need to respond to the Climate Change Commission regarding the rapid increase of temperature per year, as well as sustainable energy consumption and the increasing cost of construction materials, led to the design of a thermal mass roof pond made of Ferrocement. There is an estimated decrease in temperature of about 7.3°C with the Ferrocement roof pond when the outside temperature is 31.2°C which is the hottest temperature according to the recorded weather data in the Ecotect Analysis 2011 software. This software also determined the difference between the outside and inside temperatures of a house which uses corrugated G.I. sheets which yielded a 3.5°C temperature difference at the same instance. In terms of cost efficiency, the thermal mass roof pond made of ferrocement has a low material expenditure of Php 231,845.90 as compared to the estimated cost of conventional concrete-made roof pond with a total expenditure of Php 251,009.00 is 8% cheaper since the ferrocement roof pond design has a 125mm x 200mm hollow beam at 20mm thick, a 20mm thick slab, and a 25mm thick wall. Flexural testing of the samples was conducted to test the capacity of each member, with the beam, slab and wall yielding 67, 3 and 15 times, respectively, stronger as compared to the theoretical results. KEYWORDS: Ferrocement, Roof Pond, Passive Cooling System, Thermal Mass


DESIGNING OF PROPOSED RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH) SYSTEM IN XU MAIN CAMPUS

Rosemarie Junne C Diez, Serg Achilles B Fuentes, Jessa Mae M Kaamiño and Myris M Piloton


Julie Ann I Dela Cruz

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The rainwater harvesting system locally collects and stores rainfall through different technologies, for future use to meet the demands of human consumption or human activities. Moreover, rainwater harvesting has broader potential; in particular, if it is considered in relation to its role in supporting the ecosystem and the Republic Act No. 6716 (1989). The use of rainwater harvesting provides additional water supply and reduce pressures of demand on surrounding surface and groundwater resources. The rainwater harvesting system can also reduce storm flow and decrease the incidence of flooding. An integrated planning for rainwater harvesting systems for the premises of Xavier University Main Campus is therefore proposed. The objectives of the study are to: estimate the rooftop rain water harvesting potential of all buildings and structurally plan and design the rain water cistern tanks and the filtration and conveyance system. The cost estimation of different components of the rain water harvesting project for each zone was performed. The equivalent cap-ital cost is estimated and without the cost of a ground water recharge structure. The unit cost of water is high as compared to the market price of water. However, the environmental benefit of ground water recharg-ing justifies this project. Keywords: Cost of Water, Groundwater Recharge Structure, Rain Water Harvesting


DEVELOPMENT OF PARTIALLY SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE- POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON (PSP-PAC) COMPOSITE AS FILTER MEDIA FOR WATER

HARDNESS AND TURBIDITY

Irish Crest G Almanzor, Jan Karina S Lapeña, Leonar S Pabualan and Dahn F Suan Chemical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Shierlyn S Paclijan

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The study aims to develop a composite material out of polystyrene (PS) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) with functionalities of both adsorbent and cation exchange resin. Varying ratio of PS and PAC namely 80-20 %w/w (Set A) , 65-35%w/w (Set B) and 50-50%w/w (Set C) respectively were used to determine the best ratio that will give an optimum water hardness and turbidity reduction. The composite material was prepared by dissolving polystyrene in toluene and adding powdered activated carbon. The mixture was then dried, crushed and converted to cation exchange resins through partial sulfonation followed by neutralization to activate the ion exchange sites. The partially sulfonated polystyrene-powdered activated carbon (PSP-PAC) composite developed was compared to commercially available activated carbon for its water hardness and turbidity reduction capability. Initial results indicate that water hardness reduction for set A, B and C are 27.14 %, 58.57%, 51.63%, respectively. KEYWORDS: Polystyrene, Powdered activated carbon, Filter, Turbidity


ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM STUDY FOR MAPAWA NATURE PARK

Ralph John S Abadies, John Joseph L Alboladora, Sean Rhett A Besas, Martin Oliver I Cabonce and Jonel Ian B Tancongco

Electrical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Christine May C Creayla

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Mapawa Nature Park’s current electrical system is predominantly faulty. There are no provisions for future load and it does not follow the strict standards set by the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC). Through concerted efforts, the study formulates an electrical design and distribution system for Mapawa. The study also aims to replace and improve the current electrical system installed and create an electrical distribution plan that is reliable, secure, efficient, and economical. In creating the electrical design, surveying and ocular inspection of the site was done. The load schedule of individual households and buildings was made to determine the size of the conductor, proper grounding and the current protection. PEC guidelines were observed such as sizing the transformer and conductor, installing receptacles, lightings, circuit protection and proper grounding. Short circuits, voltage drops and cable ampacity were also calculated. Results show that the conductors’ size is capable to carry full loads and have the needed protection, and show lesser voltage drop. Also, the transformer was upgraded with a 50kVA, single phase in order to outfit the whole load of the system. All things considered, the plan created ensures reliability and safety of Mapawa Nature Park. KEYWORDS: Electrical Design, Distribution System, Conductor


ENERGY SAVING OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS USING MICROCONTROLLER

Emmanuel A Dacanay, Ruel Jhon U Madelo, Jeaneer Jay C Matalines and Lester Ryan D Toledo

Electrical Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Gunnar Marc Shane C Cabaraban

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The building sector is seen to be the one with the fastest growing demand and is credited with more than one-fifth of the total global energy consumption. Under this sector, the commercial sector is the fastest rising with a projected growth rate of 1.8% per year from 2010 to 2040 (EIA, 2013). With this projected demand rise, efficiency in energy consumption for commercial establishments is now a prime consideration for different companies and lighting professionals and is mainly caused by the growing consciousness on energy sustainability as well as the consequential climate change effects of fossil fuel use. Not to mention that pursuing energy consumption efficiency is relatively a more attainable measure for simple end users to contribute in ensuring energy sustainability than to pursue energy generation measures. This study then aims to create a system that will integrate different energy saving techniques for commercial establishments using a microcontroller to efficiently use energy without compromising the comfort, productivity and day-to-day activities of the users. This energy saving system will be composed of key card switching, and occupancy-based switching using a Passive Infrared sensor. The synergy of the effects of these techniques leads to reduced energy consumption by reducing the actual hours of usage. Implementation of the system would be done in a classroom or office environment for real time data acquisition. The system provides of about 11.43% of energy savings compared to an establishment without any energy control system implemented. KEYWORDS: Energy, Efficiency, Microcontroller, Fossil Fuels

LIGHTING ENERGY AUDIT, ILLUMINANCE ANALYSIS AND PROPOSED LED LUMINAIRE REPLACEMENT IN XU-LIBRARY ANNEX BUILDING

Stephanie Jay Buna, Shernan A Eco, Herwin R Maghinay, Kevin P Fabria and Michael Brian D Suezo


Dondanon A Bajarla, Jr

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This research aims to create a building that is more energy efficient, with a smaller carbon footprint through lighting technology retrofit. Furthermore, the study also aims to evaluate and analyse energy usage through auditing. This thesis details the ways in which energy is consumed in the Annex Library of XU-Ateneo de Cagayan. The study covers only the lighting profile and outlines a strategy to reduce its consumption and increase the energy efficiency. The building that was studied is a five storey, high-rise with a slight difference in its ground floor area. Based on interviews from the staff, the building has not been retrofitted in forms of lighting technology since the construction period, therefore is a good subject for the study. Numerous field measurements were taken in the building during this study specifically, the average illuminance of the existing lighting technology. These measurements were used to create a computer model of the building using Dialux. After the computer model of the building was created, energy saving retrofit was simulated and compared. Analysis of the building’s average illuminance was showed in this study and was compared to the proposed lighting technology. Since illuminance is also a concern of the building, carbon emission is calculated and is contrasted between the existing and proposed lighting retrofit. Capital cost estimates and simple payback period for the proposed retrofit is also presented. Results show that the existing lighting technology costs Php186,354 while the proposed LED would cost only Php93,424.8. If the project is implemented, XU- Library Annex can save Php92,869.2 per year. The study concludes that the proposed project “Lighting energy audit, Illuminance analysis and proposed LED luminaire replacement in XU-library annex” has an initial investment of Php604,044 and a payback time of 6.5 years. KEYWORDS: Energy Audit, Energy Efficiency, Illuminance


PORTABLE HEAT ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL SCALE DAIRY FARMERS IN BUKIDNON

Lloyd Levi L Galleros, Mark Ian A Calimpong and Ronald D Ruamar Mechanical Engineering Department


Cyril G Fabrea, Nestor G Ipanag and May Grace Sesaldo Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Temperature control has been a vital part for farmers in transporting a fresh harvest especially in dairy farms. Good quality milk is essential for the production of good quality dairy products. The study’s objective is to study and design an environment friendly heat absorption refrigeration system to be used in transporting or temporarily storing dairy products using Lithium Bromide (LiBr) Solution as desiccant and water as refrigerant. The system is designed for small scale farmers using butane as heat source. In this paper, performance of the fabricated system is outlined related to heat source, condenser, liquid receiver and evaporator temperatures. The system is also designed to have a temperature of 15°C to keep the product’s temperature stable. An alternative heat source such as butane gas is used for the reason of portability, availability and affordability. This research relates to refrigerators which operate on a discontinuous absorption cycle, and to fuel heat source suitable for powering the discontinuous absorption refrigerators. This Absorption Refrigeration system is useful for storing agricultural products in agricultural areas such as Bukidnon where small scale farms require long traveling hours to reach dairy processing areas. This will aid farmers greatly in terms of transporting their goods from farm to market. It also gives assurance to consumers that dairy products are fresh and are of high quality. Keywords: Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System, Lithium Bromide (LiBr), Condenser

SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS FOR CLASSROOMS

Orlando M Abuhon Jr, Jeffrey B Nambatac, Christian Aries A Paye and Ken Christian A Salem


Majiah S Collado Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Automatic lighting control systems are one of the best advancements in lighting technology. Aside from the fact that it makes light switching convenient, it also promises a potential energy conservation scheme. The objective is to design a lighting system that eliminates the human factor to control activation and adjustment of light and its intensity depending on the intensity of the natural light. The project utilizes the use of an Arduino microcontroller as the main operating component and sensors to detect changes in the variables that are to be observed. The sensors include a daylight sensor and motion sensor. When a person enters a room, the lighting system will activate itself via the motion sensor, programmed to act like a switch. The daylight sensor will then detect the natural light and adjust brightness and intensity accordingly. These sensors are all integrated in an Arduino microcontroller that control the lights using a dimmer circuit. This study aims to pioneer a trend of developing automatic and smart technologies. The Smart Lighting System is a project that shows the use of sensors and other electronic components to make lighting systems convenient and automatic. KEYWORDS: Control System, Arduino Microcontroller, Daylight Sensor, Motion Sensor

THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BOTTOM ASH AS SUBSTITUTE OF FINE SAND IN CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS

Jaybert Ben M Elio, Stephanie Lorraine L Fabela, Edward S Neri and Jan Kaye S Parel


Christy Anne Marie C Colanse

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

In Northern Mindanao, STEAG State Power Inc. Empowering Mindanao is the first established coal fired power plant on the island of Mindanao. It was established in 2006 and up to the present, it has been using coal as its main fuel source to produce electricity. A total of 300,000 metric tons of coal is used per day, and produces 90% of coal fly ash and 10% of coal bottom ash. Coal ash is considered as an industrial waste and consumes a large part of land for its disposal. Research and study shows that coal bottom ash can be used as a road base sub-base aggregate, structural fill material (ASTM 1861-97), and as fine aggregates in asphalt paving and flowable fill. In recent studies, coal bottom ash is used as a partial substitute for fine sand for building material such as concrete hollow blocks. The testing of 72 specimens of four-inch thick hollow blocks and variable mix proportions are considered in the research. Compressive strength is tested and the results of the experimental concrete hollow block mixes are compared to the conventional concrete hollow block mix. KEYWORDS: Coal Bottom Ash, Concrete Hollow Blocks, Compressive Strength


USED TIRE AS AN ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL FOR MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH (MSE)

Krystel G Tan, Letusim L Estorque and Wevier R Galope


Jingle Melody M Reas

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) is the general name for structures made of reinforced soil. Tensile reinforcement is placed between layers of soil to prevent it from failing. The reinforcement strengthens the soil, making it possible to build structures higher and stronger than soil-alone structures. The need to recycle tires and to design a more environmentally friendly, cost effective slope repairs prompted the study to look into the possibility of utilizing used tire strips as earth reinforcement for slope repair. Utilization of used tires as reinforcement, especially for stabilizing slopes would be useful for countries where slope failures (landslides) are common, and used tires are abundant. The system utilizes whole tires as facing units and tire strips as reinforcements and backfilled with sand. The results of the study show that used tire strips could carry a tensile load of 3300lb per 6m2. The proposed system shows excellent performance in stabilizing earth slopes up to 2m in height. Results indicate that the combination of the reinforcement and backfill helps resist friction. KEYWORDS: Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE), Tensile reinforcement, Used tires, Backfill


BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION OF NIPA FRUCTICOSA AFTER

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS

Dennis T Dominguez, Jodel Cris V Libarios, Christine S Maybuena and Jahre El Leonard B Tañedo

Chemical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Christylene S Balagtas Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT Bioethanol production is an advantageous and profitable enterprise for the reason that there is a constant increase in bioethanol demand. In the Philippines, this significant increase of demand for bioethanol is a result of the government regulation that requires the addition of bioethanol in gasoline fuel, from 5%v/v ethanol blend in 2006 to 10%v/v in 2013. The study focuses on the exploration of characteristics of Nipa fructicosa frond as a new bioethanol source. It is conducted to broaden knowledge on the effects of pretreatment- more specifically in the effects of varying pH in the conversion of lignocellulosic material to simple sugars – the key for efficient fermentation process. The success of the research will have a high impact on society especially in the fuel industry by which the main benefactors of the research will be the people who are relatively close to the raw material source. The Nipa fructicosa frond will undergo physical and chemical pretreatment processes before undergoing Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) to produce bioethanol. The pretreatment processes include extraction, drying, milling, screening, and exposure to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis (MAAH). This is then followed by SSF for three days in which samples from the liquid component of the fermentation broth is analyzed. The optimum MAAH (chemical pretreatment) operation time and acid concentration are determined to be 15 minutes and 20% v/v acetic acid, respectively. These conditions yield the highest sugar concentration compared to the other parameters. The result demonstrates the significant role of the pretreatment process in increasing the sugar necessary for fermentation, thereby also increasing the bioethanol yield of the process. KEYWORDS : Nipa fructicosa, Saccharification, Fermentation, Microwave-assisted


FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SEA WAVE OPERATED AIR PUMP GENERATOR AS A COMPLIMENTATY ENERGY SUPPLY

Mia Scarlet E Asignar, Al Jame J Galaura and Euljun B Salarda


Jolou F Miraflor and Christine May C Creayla

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Ocean waves contain an immense free power, potentially usable as a renewable source of energy. With their vast availability, the are still rarely utilized. The work of this study is to consider the potential of extracting and optimizing energy from ocean waves. In order to harvest the transport of energy of the ocean surface waves, optimal design of a wave energy converter is initiated through this study. First, the measured time series of the wave oscillation was obtained at Bonbon Cagayan de Oro City. The indicative result of the measured wave’s characteristics derived the project’s design of a point-absorbing wave energy converter from the concept of hydrodynamic movement. The design consists mainly of a floater, an accordion air pump, a turbine, a generator and AC output. The size of the accordion pump is obtained from the height of the crest and the potential maximum power generated. The rise and fall movement of the wave triggers the floater which is connected to the accordion to pump air which drives the turbine and, in turn, drives the generator. In analyzing the results, the proponents conclude that an increase of the size of the accordion and the rational decrease of the cross-sectional area of the turbine would yield greater power output. KEYWORDS: Sea Wave, Air Pump Generator, Energy


PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A BIOGAS PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Abe Stefan P Bacas, Arn Gabriel A Bustero, Marbert D Pinque and Joeferlo A Valcarcel

Chemical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Maria Theresa I Cabaraban Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

As fossil fuel is becoming more expensive and supplies are dropping drastically, the search for a cleaner and renewable fuel is intensifying. The study builds on the results of a study by Ayco et al. (2009) on biogas purification technology, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) using activated carbon. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the PSA unit when removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from raw biogas stream. The raw biogas was first stripped of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using an iron sponge scrubber. This is an important biogas pretreatment step, as H2S could corrode metal parts of the equipment. The gas was then fed into a refrigeration unit to remove moisture, and finally to the PSA unit to remove CO2, thereby obtaining a methane-rich product gas. Only one compressor (operating pressure of 6 to 8 bars) was used in the study. Analyses using gas chromatography show that the raw biogas, obtained from DC Piggery Farm located in Opol, Misamis Oriental, contained 0.17% CO2, while product gas from the PSA unit contained 0.053% CO2. Thus, the efficiency of the PSA unit was calculated at 68.82%. These results suggest that both adsorption and desorption of CO2 might have taken place within the unit owing to the relatively low operating pressure of the compressor. Additional runs to further test adsorption efficiency of the PSA unit are indicated. KEYWORDS: Biomethane, Pressure Swing Adsorption, Iron Sponge Scrubber

SOLAR CHARGING DC-POWERED PORTABLE COOLER-REFRIGERATOR FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION

Christien Joy T Ipanag, Oscar Aguda and Joel Rudinas Mechanical Engineering Department


Nestor G Ipanag and Cyril G Fabrea Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

The preservation and storage of medicine is done through cooling using refrigerators. A vapor compression cycle is the most commonly used refrigeration system because this cycle is of simple construction and is practical when it comes to maintenance. Most refrigerators run on Alternating Current (AC). This power orientation makes these cooling systems unfriendly when it comes to portability, such that during transport, most often than not, medicine preservation is done with the use of an ice-filled vessel as storage, needing constant monitoring to ensure that the amount of ice in the vessel is enough to sustain the medicine preservation until these are fully consumed. It is in this note that this study is focused on the design and fabrication of a Solar Charging DC-Powered Portable Cooler-Refrigerator for Medical Applications. Furthermore, the design is done with proper calculations for the evaporator coils, condenser coils, heat transfer surface area, size and all other parts of the system to attain portability, efficiency and sustainability. As to the power, Photovoltaic (PV) Panels are connected to the batteries attached to the system which are responsible for the charging of these batteries to maintain a voltage that falls within the range of 20-30V, the compressor operating voltage. The design is limited to maintaining a temperature of 50C for cooling and -30C for refrigerating. The findings show that there is a minimum operating hour requirement for the system to stabilize, whether it is operating as a cooler or as a refrigerator. When running the system for at least 6 hours, the lowest temperature obtained is -30C. It is on this ground that the design proves to be sustainable and when the situation calls for it, the portable medical cooling system could be used for medicines that require preservation temperature not lower than -30C. KEYWORDS: Portable Medical Refrigerator, Vapor Compression Cycle

SOLAR POWERED STIRLING ENGINE FOR SALTWATER PUMP FOR SITIO MALINGIN, IGPIT, OPOL, MISAMIS ORIENTAL

Percival T Abadilla Jr, June Paolo A Emperado and Paul Jason C Octobre

Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Cyril G Fabrea and Nestor G Ipanag

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

There is an ongoing campaign for the need for alternative energy sources to meet the demands of today’s world. The political, economic and environmental concerns over traditional fossil fuel power generation have led to an overwhelming amount of innovation and research into cleaner renewable sources. This study was initiated with the main concern of providing an alternative source of clean and usable water to the habitants of Sitio Malingin. Provided that the area of concern is abundant with saltwater, a technical feasibility of developing a Solar Stirling engine-driven pump powered by a parabolic dish solar-thermal collector to deliver saltwater to a nearby desalination system is made. In this study, the initial objective is to design a solar thermal powered Stirling engine using a parabolic dish as solar thermal collector, to drive a pump and deliver saltwater supply to a nearby desalination system. Results show that at ambient temperature, the parabolic dish solar collector concentrated a maximum temperature of 777.2 °Celcius. With this, the total power output of the Stirling engine was measured at 118 Watts, enough power to drive the one-fourth horsepower pump that delivered saltwater to the desalination system. The system can be operated on either a mid cloudy or a clear sunny day. Proper angling of the parabolic dish solar collector must be observed to utilize the collected solar thermal energy. KEYWORDS: Stirling Engine, Parabolic Dish Solar Collector, Solar Thermal Energy

A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM USING DOUBLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL WITH PARABOLIC TROUGH REFLECTOR AS PRIMARY HEATER OF FEEDWATER

FOR SITIO MALINGIN, OPOL, MISAMIS ORIENTAL

Excel Ray B Biña, Neil Conrad O Mahinay and Josephus Pio T Sabio Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Rogelio C Golez Jr, Cyril G Fabrea and Sittie Halia Sabo

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Out of the 70 households in Sitio Malingin, Opol, Misamis Oriental, around 35-40 households have a direct source of water supply from the municipality of Opol Water District. Solar thermal energy is deemed abundant and accessible in the area since the community is located along the shoreline. This study aims to desalinate sea water to make it fit for human consumption, particularly, for the residents of Sitio Malingin. The process involves feeding 200ml of seawater into a copper tube which is heated by the parabolic trough reflector; the feed-water is heated by batch and released at 10-minute intervals; the released hot water travels through a chemical hose into a double slope solar still which is filled ahead of time with raw sea water enough to fill the whole surface area of the basin inside (around 2 liters); the still will house the main evaporation and condensation processes, desalinating the water; the vapor will rise up and eventually condense as it reaches the glass slopes. The condensate will then run down towards the end of the glass slopes onto channels which guide the water into the container holding the output. The experiment, conducted following the process stated above garnered a result of 950ml condensate after 4 hours and 15 minutes with unstable weather conditions and minor losses. The maximum temperature of the water heated by the trough was 99.8 degrees Celsius and minimum temperature of water at 39.7 degrees Celsius. These temperatures showed that the weather conditions affected the output through the rise and fall of temperature. Results showed that a better performance and high water volume output are dependent on fine weather and its mechanical design efficiency. Further improvement of the system will lead to better desalinated water output. KEYWORDS: Solar Parabolic Trough Reflector, Double Slope Still, Solar Desalination


STAND-ALONE AC MULTI-POWER GENERATION AT XAVIER ECOVILLE, LUMBIA: SOLAR POWER AND WIND POWER

Ralph Justice Apita, Roger Jethro Delima, Lourence Rusty Nel Ebarat,

Apple Mae Lepon, Paul Magdale, Andres Petalcurin, Jr, Joseph Marius Rapadas and Feb Xelrose Tablando


Dondanon A Bajarla, Jr

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The project is a study on designing an integrated power source system utilizing the nature's solar and wind power for residential energy consumption. It envisions to assess and evaluate the attainability, sustainability and reliability of renewable energy sources for the electrification of Xavier Ecoville. The vicinity of Xavier Ecoville receives a solar radiation ranging from 4.928 kWHr/m2-day to 5.370 kWHr/m2-day, sufficient enough to generate electricity for residential purposes. Ambient temperature of 26.2 degrees centigrade also proves to be favorable to achieve high power output from the 1026 solar panels to be installed on the roofs and tilted at 20 degrees facing any direction and unobstructed by shade. 114 wind turbines with rotor diameter of 2.5 are also projected to produce a power of 106.10 W with the average wind speed in Xavier Ecoville. This multi-power generation system can produce up to 106.60 kW of power daily, more than the 87.85 kW daily demand of 570 households at Xavier Ecoville. In a 20 year span, the installation cost of putting up a multi-power generation system with renewable energy sources would become almost half the price of the expenses for energy consumption of all the households, manifested by an estimated 11-year payback period. So far, the residents are optimistic about the study and affirm that it will enable them to save both energy and money. KEYWORDS: Solar Power System, Multi-power Generation System, Xavier Ecoville

GEOSPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF POWER INTERRUPTIONS IN THE 13.8KV FEEDERS OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Gratz Dale Noel G Redoble and Kileab David S Fernandez Electrical Engineering Department


Eliseo B Linog Jr Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT This paper presents an approach that uses geospatial and statistical techniques to analyze power interruptions. Using ArcGIS tools, particularly, High/Low Clustering Analysis (Getis-Ord General G) and Hotspot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), power interruptions were geographically tracked and circuits with significant spatial clusters of frequent and prolonged duration of power interruptions were identified. Getis-Ord General G test results show that frequent and prolonged interruptions are both spatially clustered with z-scores of +37.90 and +13.42 at <.01 level of significance, respectively. Moreover, results of the Getis-ord Gi* test show that longer duration of power interruptions are clustered mostly in the central business district which include most parts of Carmen and Poblacion and in medium residential areas of barangays Balulang and Macasandig. In addition, frequent power interruptions are clustered in the areas of Kauswagan, residential areas of Nazareth and Camaman-an, and on the eastern portion of the business district of Poblacion. Furthermore, descriptive statistics, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted to supplement the results of the geospatial analysis. Results show that there is a significant difference in the duration of interruptions among the different feeders investigated, F(3,1805) = 3.85, p<.01. This supports the findings that there are areas in the system that experience longer interruptions than others. The outcome of this study demonstrate the potential of this methodological approach in determining the geographic profile of interruption events and identifying problem prone areas where reliability improvement actions are needed. The study also determines where further analyses (i.e. exploratory regression) are needed. Thus, this study also serves as a baseline study for in-depth customer-oriented reliability assessment of a distribution network. KEYWORDS: Power Interruptions, Geospatial, High/low Clustering Analysis, Hotspot Analysis

KSNPMPC COCONUT SUGAR PRODUCTION SYSTEM FEASIBILITY STUDY

Isza Marie N Socorin, Paolo B Cruz and Janel T Ramos Industrial Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Glenn B Paclijan Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Kalabaylabay Samahang Nayon Multi-purpose Cooperative coconut sugar production plant is a cooperative-owned enterprise that has several concerns with their production system. These concerns were assessed through production observation, analysis of weaknesses and problem analysis by identifying causes related to the problems that persist in the enterprise. After assessment, the researchers identified areas for improvement such as duration, ergonomic convenience, and non-stagnation of available resources that include the drying process, sifting process, raw material preservation, and the non-usage of the designated facility due to smoke channeling problems. Possible solutions were identified for the problem areas and were compared to each other to derive the best solution through root cause identification. Indoor processing was recommended and elimination of indoor smoke by installation of a smokestack was suggested. Installation of a dryer oven is recommended for the drying process to be weather-independent and faster, installation of a mechanical sifter to eliminate manual material handling and to allow for other tasks to be done, and raw material handling practices modification. The generated financial statements and ratios show that the proposed changes still could aid in the small-medium enterprise’s survival. KEYWORDS: Coconut Sugar, Small-medium Enterprise Process Analysis

SYSTEM STUDY ON THE PRODUCTION OPERATION OF BOYONG’S PHILIPPINES INCORPORATED

Jonathan K Dy, Ralleine Leigh Z Escudero and Gracely Lux G Itum Industrial Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Glenn B Paclijan Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This study provides an evaluation of the present production system of Boyong’s Phlippines Inc. The enterprise is one of the thriving food processing businesses in the locality of Cagayan de Oro City, particularly in the condiment production sector. They produce bottled bagoong labeled with their own brand name, Boyong’s Special Bagoong. The study assesses the enterprise’s present system through industry appraisal, SWOT and WOT-SURG analysis. The result of the assessment shows that the production operation of Boyong’s Philippines Incorporation did not achieved its target level of output by 25% and production time was approximately 4 hours beyond the set number of working hours per production day. Using the Ishikawa Diagram, five factors were verified to have caused the main problem. Work has been inefficient due to factors such as poor facility layout, cooking process bottlenecking, long idle time of their workers and the use of inadequate production tools. To provide solutions to these problems, recommendations include the application of a new production schedule, purchase of appropriate tools, and automation of the cooking method and construction of a new production plant. The result of the study shows that the construction of a new production plant reduces approximately 82% of the total backtracking distance and Php 200.00 from the monthly transportation cost is eliminated. The new job assignments reduce production time by approximately 30% and increase production output by 25%. A calculation of the payback period shows that the enterprise will be able to recover the cost of its investment within approximately 3 months. KEYWORDS: SWOT (Strenghts Weaknesses Opportunities and Treats), WOT-SURG

TITA FANNIES LIEMPO AND CHICKEN HAUS COMMISSARY PRODUCTION STUDY

Alyssa Jariol, Hans Ponce and Edbert Labnotin Industrial Engineering Department


Ma Lourdes M Abao Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

To align with the commissary’s goal in consistently providing products at the right time with the right quality by employing a manufacturing system effectively, the researchers of the study have the following objectives: (1) to meet the weekly production requirement of 4,800 units of chicken due to its 27% shortage, and (2) to meet the weekly production requirement of 4,200 units of liempo due to its 36% shortage. To determine the cause of the shortage, the researchers used the Ishikawa Diagram to find the frequent item causing the problem, Time Study to determine the procedure that took the longest time, and Capacity Maximization. The researchers identified the following problems that affected the production capacity: storage problems, lack of frozen delivery vehicles, no flexibility in food preparation, capacity of workforce, and the material of pump injection. After each problem was laid out with varying alternatives, the most optimal solution in terms of cost, capacity, and time were proposed. The proposed actions are to: purchase chest type freezer, upgrade container van to refrigerated delivery vehicle, utilize forecasting Excel templates, and acquire a post mix based marinade injector. Upon implementation, the commissary shall benefit through a 22% increase in pro-duction output of chicken per week and 36% increase in production output of liempo per week. KEYWORDS: Chicken Production, Liempo Production, Capacity, Storage

A CONGESTION STUDY OF SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS ALONG KAUSWAGAN–VAMENTA BOULEVARD, CM RECTO–CORRALES,

CM RECTO–OSMENA AND SERINA STREET–VAMENTA BOULEVARD OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Ma Darrylyn N Bahinting, Eddie A Bergonia Jr, Carlos Emmanuel L Garcia and Elper James G Mangadlao

Civil Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Rengie P Bagares Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Travel in Cagayan de Oro City at present is characterized by high levels of congestion, slow travel speed and long travel time especially during peak hours at major road intersections. The situation may be exacerbated due to the expected growth in population and income and the subsequent increase in car ownership. Localized traffic schemes are no longer sufficient to solve the problem. This study will attempt to present data that can be used for further studies. This study is an evaluation of the Level of Service (LOS) of the four busy signalized intersections, using mobile emissions as a motivation of this study. Data was gathered from traffic characteristics and that includes traffic volume count (TVC) and Vehicle Classification Survey (VCS). Congestion analysis is based on the intersection average delay time per vehicle. Traffic Analysis included the investigation of the behavior of traffic volume count and vehicle classification along the roads converging in the chosen intersections. Emissions were quantified using a German software by Clean Air Initiative–Asia (CAI-ASIA) MOBILEV. At the end of the survey, results show that the four major signalized intersections in Cagayan de Oro are congested. Keywords: Congestion, Road intersections, Level of service, Mobile Emissions


A STUDY FOR AN ALTERNATE ROUTE FROM CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY TO LAGUINDINGAN VIA MARITIME TRANSPORTATION

Reymart Sheen Curayag, Frederick Gomez II, Nico Adrian Labor and Franz Lorenz Rengel


Anabel A Abuzo Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Commerce and trade in Cagayan de Oro City has seen an increase in activity since the transfer of Lumbia Airport to its new location in Laguindingan. With the added traffic brought about by this transfer, the roads leading to Laguindingan from Cagayan de Oro City have had an increase in the level of congestion. Further economic growth in Laguindingan brought about by the business introduced by the International Airport is expected to further aggravate this situation. With all other land access routes considered, an alternative mode of transport that does not utilize the prior is needed. Since Laguindingan and Cagayan de Oro City both have large bay areas; the best candidate for an alternate route is to setup a marine transport system. An assessment of the road by evaluating its level of service is produced and the preferences of the commuting public were considered to supplement the notion for a marine transportation system. Both topographic and geographic details of the study areas were collected for the production of a map of the alternate sea-based route. To assess the level of service, traffic volume count and spot speed surveys along two points of the main road between Cagayan de Oro and Laguindingan were conducted. In order to gather the public’s opinion for the sea-based mode of transport, passengers were interviewed at the Bulua Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal. Details regarding the topography and geography of the study areas were gathered from the Philippine Ports Authority, PAG-ASA, and DPWH. With the collected data, an assessment using transportation engineering were presented to provide supplementary notions to the establishment of the proposed marine transportation system that can compete with the current mode of transport. KEYWORDS: Vehicle demand and Capacity, Marine transport, Level of Service


About the cover: The 2014 Engineering Days Banner depicts the journey of the Atenean Engineers, the Warriors, amidst the challenging tides and winds of the times. As engineers imbued with Christian precepts and inspired by the Jesuit charism, the cross of Christ serves as the banner of the Warrior’s passion and mission. Passion and mission, allegorized in two crosses, to also mark the bicentennial of the Restoration of the Society of Jesus. The helm signifies the Warrior’s power in steering science and technology to the vast coordinates of the world; but at the center is a compass to always remind the Atenean Engineers that greatness is not only measured in mileages, but essentially in the depth of service and dedication where the need is dire. Thus, the Philippines is highlighted to emphasize that the Warrior’s mission may not necessarily be at the fringes of the globe, but may just be within the neighborhood where faith is broken, hope remains a dream, and love is just a word. So geared by the necessary technical tools, the Warrior’s mission is to develop engineering solutions with the community. This is emphatically romanticized by the Warrior offering a sustainable family dwelling and a resilient community for God’s greater glory. The rainbow of ribbons that beautifully wrap across the cover is an emblem that this journal is a special gift of the Warrior for the community. The doted symbols when decoded reveal: “one tribe one goal”, a famous chant of the Warriors. The braille is used as a commitment to engineering designs that are inclusive of the differently abled.

Banner Design by: Christine May C. Creayla

Journal Cover by: Shaira Monique C. Baang

Anecdote by: Dexter S. Lo

Documents

FYP Journal 2014