© 2016 Nokia 1

Future X: Building the digital

networks, systems and

platforms for the automation of

everything and the creation of

time

Marcus Weldon

President of Bell Labs & CTO of Nokia

2 © Nokia 2016

The revolution

Tech. Revolution Enabling Technology Connectivity

Financial (1600 − 1740) Stocks & Bonds Banking & Stock Market Infrastructure

1st Industrial (1780 − 1840) Steam Engine & Iron Production Rail and Shipping Networks

2nd Industrial (1880 − 1920) Steel & Chemicals Extended Transportation Networks Networks

Scientific-Technical (1940 − 1970) Analog & Digital Signal processing Digital Communications Networks

Information (1985 − 2015) The Web, Cloud computing & Mobile Internet & Broadband Access

Automation of Everything (2015 −) Digital interfaces & Data analysis Future X Network

Technological Revolution (def): Interconnection of new systems and technologies

We are here

+ capacity to profoundly transform economies & society

3 © Nokia 2016

1.84

2.41

1.77 1.79

2.82

1.62

(1.0)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

1870-1920 1920-1970 1970-2014

Output per person Output per hour

Source: Robert Gordon, The rise and fall of American growth

The quest for digital value

4 © Nokia 2016

The end and the beginning

Past/Present Future

Business

Solutions Technology-driven Human/Business-driven

Driver Consumer (GB) Industry (BW, Latency, SLA)

Innovation Speed Per decade (new services)

Per day (new apps)

Technology

Architecture Heavily Centralized (100ms, 10M) Massively Distributed (1ms, 1G)

Flexibility Limited (Provisioned)

Large (Software definable)

Sharing Static and Limited (HW VPNs )

Dynamic and Infinite (SW Slices)

Industry Dynamic

Investment Singular (Operator only)

Multiple & Cooperative (Many contributors/new players)

Standards Definitive Iterative

Partnership Limited w/APIs Co-design w/Open specs

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5 © Nokia 2016

Enterprises & Verticals

Consumers

The new digital era Digitization, delivery & sharing of:

Digitization, distribution & optimization of:

6 © Nokia 2016

Latency matters …

0.1 1 10 100

10

100

1000

10000

(km)

RTT (ms)

Light propagation

Electric grid control

Autonomous vehicles

vRAN

Haptic VR & tele-operation

Cloud-assisted driving

BW-efficient 360° video

Hi-Res cloud gaming

4K video streaming

VoIP/video conferencing

Web page load

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

IM chat & bots

High-Frequency trading

Sprint start

0.25

1

2

4

8

7

5 20

10 100

10 40

20 90

120

50 1900

100

150

150

50

1000

4000

ICP

cl

oud

Cor

e cl

oud

Edg

e cl

oud

Service latency requirements (in ms)

Max tolerable networking delay

Max application delay for processing

Human response times (for reference)

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7 © Nokia 2016

Bandwidth matters …

UHD & Unicast 388

887

3,360

5,903

GB/User/Mo

2020

2016

2025

171

272

405

490

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

GB/User/Mo

92 GB/user/Month

VR/AR

We are

here

~5x

~60x

8 © Nokia 2016

Latency & bandwidth matter …

Edge Cloud Core Cloud

1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100us 10us

1kbps

10kbps

100kbps

1Mbps

10Mbps

100Mbps

1Gbps

10Gbps Cloud RAN

360

video (hi-res)

Electric grid control

Cloud-assisted driving

Autonomous vehicles

Comms & Chatbots

4k Video streaming

Sensors

Home Sensors

Haptic VR

Remote training

360

video (free viewpoint)

Remote control vehicles HD Video

streaming

360

video (lo-res)

Ban

dwid

th

Latency

Video VR/AR

People & Things

System Control

Virtual RAN

360

VR/AR

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9 © Nokia 2016

A word on 5G …

F. Boccardi, Bell Labs, IEEE Comms. Magazine, 201402

2G-4G: “People & Video”

Ultra-broadband: “VR/AR”

Ultra-low latency: “System Control”

Forbidden region: “Shannon Limit”

Pre-5G R1

R2

Ultra-narrowband: “Things”

R3

R4

R5

10 © Nokia 2016

Summary: The 100yr, 100x shift

Enabled by: Local real estate, fiber, trust, optimized HW/SW network platforms , programmability, privacy preserving, & secure

Enabled by: Global reach and power; SW platforms for business model disruption, stability, non-privacy preserving & inadequately secure

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Compute Tech

IP Networks

Broadband Access

Compute

Tech

IP Networks

Broadband Access

Core Cloud Edge Cloud

100s ms, 10’s Mbps 1 day, $1000, 10B

1ms, 1Gbps 10 years, $1, 1000B+

Devices Things

11 © Nokia 2016

The 8 domains of the new digital reality

The emergence of the edge cloud for low latency and high performance

The emergence of the network OS to enable programmability and network federation

Pervasive cognitive capabilities for operating networks & systems

The emergence of new trust models & security architectures

Universal Adaptive Core

Smart Network Fabric

Programmable Network OS

Augmented Cognition Systems Dynamic Data Security

Adaptable Security

Digital

Trust

Creating dynamically reconfigurable IP + optical metro and core networks

Converged Edge Cloud

3

2

Net OS

Net OS

Net OS 5

6 8

Access-agnostic core for seamless user experience

4 The creation of ultra-small and ultra-close access nodes

1

Massive Scale Access

Scalable

Remote

Massive

MIMO

Network attach

Session mgmt.

Policy control

Digital value platforms augmented by advanced network capabilities

7

Digital Value Platforms

Net OS

12 © Nokia 2016

The New Architecture

Converged Edge Cloud

2 Software defined, end-end

Smart Network Fabric 3

Universal Adaptive Core

4 Access agnostic converged core

modular, decomposed network functions

Common data layer

Programmable Network OS

5 Dynamic customer services

Dynamic network optimization

Management &

Orchestration SDN NFV

Multi-operator federation

self-optimized coverage & capacity

Massive Scale Access

1

Long fibers

Access Remote

Short waves & wires

Digital Value Platforms

7 ANP, CSP, ICP, Vertical apps

External data sources

Open APIs

Augmented Cognition Systems

6 Machine learning Analytics

Humans & Machines

Dynamic Data Security

8

• New trust framework • Ecosystem sharing • Mass edge monitoring

13 © Nokia 2016

The New Value (1): Time (& Trust)

Analog

with Trust (in Privacy &

Security)

Create Time (by Prediction &

Automation)

Digital

Free Wifi

14 © Nokia 2016

The New Value (2): Global-Local Equilibrium

Global Forces Local Forces Optimized Discovery of Digital Content

Massive Brand Power

Generalization

Personal Data Monetization

Economies of Cloud Platform Scale

Optimized Delivery of Digital Content

Trusted Brand Relationship

Personalization

Personal Privacy Protection

Economies of Secure Network Platform

15 © Nokia 2016

Media & entertainment

Data & knowledge discovery

Comms, commerce, context & Content

Vertical & infra automation

VR/AR

Expert assistance Supply-demand matching

Critical control platforms

Needs - Massive scale content delivery - Dynamic bandwidth control

Needs - Massive access capacity - Low latency edge processing

Needs - Global network coverage - Immediate response

Needs - Global network coverage - Network-enhanced trust

Needs - Global network coverage - Uplink capacity for sharing

Needs - Global network coverage - Immediate response

Needs - Latency/reliability constraints - Control systems in edge cloud

Needs - Tera-scale access and core - Network slicing for verticals

Smart city

Smart home

Health care

Self-driving

Industry

Smart grids

The New Value (3): Digital Value Platforms

16 © Nokia 2016

The human (networked) revolution

1. Physical Reality 2. Global Physical Networks

4. Digital Reality 3. Global-Local Digital Networks

Augment

Connect

Augment

Connect

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