Future platform technologies and architectures Roberto Minerva, Manager of IC Scenarios Telecom Italia – Future Centre ITU Workshop on Service Delivery

Future platform technologies and architectures

Roberto Minerva,Manager of IC Scenarios

Telecom Italia – Future Centre

ITU Workshop on “Service Delivery Platforms (SDP) for Telecommunication Ecosystems: from today’s realities to requirements and

challenges of the future”

(Geneva, Switzerland, 17 October 2011 )

Agenda

• A New Context for Telecomms• Many paradoxes …

• The Rising Importance of Data • IoT and Data• Personal Data = Data + Identity

• Deriving some requirements for Operators’ Platforms

R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

A New Context for Telecomms



Towards 2020: the future of networks

• Fiber reaches a large part of homes and enterprises, it guarantees:

– Unlimited bandwidth– Low cost per bit– Everywhere connectivity– flat rate also for mobile

• User is ABC (Always Best Connected)– Transparent Connectivity (user always connected at

the lower prices and best bandwidth)– Strong Integration (at the terminal level) between

mobile and fixed networks – Cognitive Radio (terminals adapt to the available

networks)– Rapid change of Providers– Dynamic Business Models – Users connected to smaller, more efficient and

cheaper cell

• Importance of Data – Seamless access to personal data – Capability to dynamically create, aggregate and

update personal data – New data type and data sets – Integration between real and virtual related data– User controlled access to data

• Services strongly related to users and their social relationships

• Identity Management and their association to Biometric techniques

• Different roles and identities per user• Diminishing role of SIMs

• Fundamental Role of Terminals• Abundance of Storage (1TB in the terminal, toward

infinite in the network?)• High processing Capabilities in the terminals (context

controlled locally by the terminal)• Capability to interoperate will be embedded in

terminals and will be downloadable OTA• Software embedded in the terminal makes the device

more a personal service platform than a product. They will be personalized according to the specific user needs

• Pervasive Communication• Ubiquitous connectivity• Broad classes of communicating objects (smart object,

beacons, smart materials, sensors, micromachinery, ...)• Explosion of Augmented Reality and Internet of Things

applications

Connectivity is a commodityTerminals are flexible and personal service platforms

Data center larger and larger

Difference on Services


WebCos work on DATA

Telecoms work on BITS


Two Operators Problems

t

€

Reven

ue

Cut CostsOptimizeLEAN OPERATOR

New ServicesNew Revenue StreamsSMART OPERATOR

Bit Pipe

2015


Two approaches

• Decoupling Services from the Network

• Global reach independent of the access network;

• mashup of local and global resources (Net of Nets)

• Provide Global Services• the long tail is much bigger• because the marginal costs of a global

solution are smaller (Skype: the costs for building a global software are marginal)

• Networks will become highly dynamic Complex Systems made out of many heterogeneous networks, systems and intelligent endpoints

• Complexity will result in:• Costly infrastructure difficult to install, manage and

integrate• Lack of optimization of usage of resources• Lack of knowledge of the “network" as a whole and

how it is globally and locally behaving in supporting customers requests

De-perimeterization of Services

a Network Operating System

De-perimeterization of Services

a Network Operating System

0-Touch Networks0-Touch Networks

Lean OperatorLean Operator Smart OperatorSmart Operator


New Classes of Services

Internet of Things

Extended Reality

Social Media

e-Government

Data … (what’ s this?)

Always Best Connected (ABC)

Evolution of VPNs

LeanOperator

LeanOperator

SmartOperator

SmartOperator

Building a Data Path for Operators

• Exploit data related opportunities• Move from Bits to Management of

Information


The network itself is asource of Information

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Mining the Operators Gold Mines• Personal Data allow for Profiling the User

• CDR data• Location Related info• Usage of Internet Connectivity• IPTV usage • ...

• Statistical Data (related to more than one user)• Usage of Network Resources• Location Information and mobs movement• ...

• Technologies• Data Mining • Reasoning • Derive Data from Uncertainty• Neutralization

http://www.seshat.ch/home/geom06.htm

Internet of Things


Objects, Terminals, Networks as Personal Info Producers

Smart ObjectsIntelligent Terminals

NFC,Wifi,UWB,BT,…

3G, 4G,other public nets,…


0,11 0,373,65

21,90

36,50

52,56

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6

Millio

ns

GB

/Year

Message / Day

10 M AggregatorsMessage size: 10 kB

3 10 100 600 1000 1440

Equivalent Volume as the one generated by 20 M users (3 min phone call per day)

How Many Nodes, How Many Messages, How Much Bandwidth ?

Likely the communications between nodes will be framed into B2B2C relationships

Many objects/nodes will come with communications already paid for (I.e., embedded communications)

Operators should try to be Aggregators by providing real-time messaging engines (e.g., based on PubSub), by creating communities, and by supporting the deployment of the infrastructure (at home and in the public domain)

Issue: low average traffic, but highly impulsive traffic(e.g., SPIKES: all objects wake up at 3 a.m. and send high priority messages)

Where is the Value then ?

15

Data

Information

Knowledge

• Aggregation• Personalization

• Inference

• Relationships


Some Issues with networked data


A First Issue: proper Management of Personal Data

Sourc

e:

Bain

& C

om

pany

Volunteered data: created and explicitly shared by individuals

Observed data: captured by recording the actions of individuals

Inferred data: based on analysis of volunteered or observed information;

Exce

rpt

form

: “P

ers

onal D

ata

- T

he E

merg

ence

of

a N

ew

Ass

et

Cla

ss”

(WEF)

Personal Data should be properly managed

A “user-centric personal data eco-system” (WEForum)


But what is the Value of Personal Data?

• The value of the single datum depends on the usage context:

• The kind of collected datum: V(CreditCard) > V(SocialSecurityNumber)

• Time reference: V(CreditCard, today)>> V(CreditCard, 4years ago)

• The value of the Person in the usage context:

• Importance of the person V(CreditCard, SB) >> V(CreditCard, RM)

• The linkage of the datum

• The connection of the datum and the person:

• How many data can be connected to the datum (es.: FoaF)

• Is the datum owner well connected (a Hub kind of person)V(a) > V(b)

• How much data (derived from http://www.thoughtfarmer.com/blog/2009/04/27/intranet-roi/)

• Metcalfe’s Law: n(n-1)/2

• Reed’s Law: 2n – n-1

• Briscoe, Odlyzko, and Tilly Law: n log (n)

• Beckstrom Law: V = ΣB – ΣC

http://www.thoughtfarmer.com/blog/2009/04/27/intranet-roi/

Identity of Things• Each Resource is

addressable

• Each resource is CONNECTED– Connectivity must

be guaranteed in a variety of environments

– Secure Links have to be guaranteed

• Each Resource can be associated to a User (Identity)• Who owns these

relations :UserId - Location - ResourceId - data used/generated ? • Things can collect user related actions

and data• Each Thing can be used for tracking

Users• Owners of Things can collect a lot of

data

Dealing with Data: Data Anonimization, Contracts and Contextualization


Nodes will connect each other in unpredictable ways

http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php

12

3Node Aggregation at time t1

Aggregation 1

Aggregation 2

Aggregation 3

1

2

3

Node Aggregation at time t2

Aggregation 2

Aggregation 1

Network

Increasing richness and complexity at the edge of (Operators’) networks

• Many Objects scattered in the env (with local communication)

• Some Aggregators gathering and dispatching information

• Networks to cross

A Second Issue: Complexity is moving to the edge

• Functionalities and data generation/consumption and storage in the edge

• Networks will comprise smart objects and processing, storage, communication resources

• Data and Info will be the user target and not mere connectivity

• Complexity coalesces at the edges (more nodes and more capabilities)

• While big networks are flattening and becoming simpler (less nodes)

• Local aggregation vs. average coverage

• Aggregation of intelligent points will be mainly unpredictable and even if high average connectivity capabilities will be provided, such a dynamic concentration will challenge the networks capabilities

• Competition for scarce resources for a limited period of time

• Terminals will have a key role

• Terminals as an integral part of the communication environment

• Mobility will be assumed for the majority of terminals

• Need to control new complex systems without human intervention

• The Operator's network needs to support and help in this new context


Dealing with Complexity at the edge: Self-Organization of Networks

23

http://innovation.gsa.gov/blogs/OCIO.nsf/dx/Management-Innovators-Bookshelf-Small-Pieces-Loosely-Joined-A-Unified-Theory-of-the-Web-by-David-Weinberger-2002

Management of complex and dynamic “Network s of Networks” will be critical•No human intervention possible•Competition on resourcesRequire•Self-organization•Game theory techniques for highly distributed systems


A Tussle: Future Internet and Identity

• There is a need for an Identity Layer in the Future Internet• For identify people• For identify things• To relate things, people and places

• For freeing people from Identity Providers• People have the right to exist independently from a provider• People are the owners of their identity (and names),

homonymies should be managed in a far way (way just one Mario Rossi when there are plenty …)

• Open framework• Many options, and, in certain circumstances, support for

Certification by a provider (a bank), the government, others• Need for a lot of standardization and discussion • Need to safeguard and protect the ownership of data


A Bit of Technology


Current Paradigms are not future proof

Physical Layer

Resources

Control Layer Network Intelligence (e.g., IMS) is a hierarchical model based on the assumption that control has to be exerted by a few specialized control nodes

Client Servernetwork

Client – Server model totally disregards the network aspects and can easily lead to a tragedy of commons (misuse of common networking resources)


Ossification of Internet and Perspective for the Future Internet

• Security. Currently it is tackled as an issue at the edge, while the network(s) could contribute to relieve some issues (e.g., DDOS)

• Mobility, the current Internet has not been designed for an optimal management of mobility, the Future Internet has to deal with a multitude of highly mobile objects (mobility built in)

• Network Identity, Users are not recognized and managed in the network, they are managed only at the edges (specific servers or applications)

• Integration of Applications and Transport/Control Layers. Currently there are not consolidated interfaces that allow for a better cooperation between the Network and the Apps. Many applications do not use resources properly (e.g., p2p applications do retrieve data from far away hosts)

• Edges are becoming themselves Networks. There is the need to understand and manage the dynamics around Networks of Networks: i.e., complex systems that impulsively request resources and use them while these resources have been designed to support statistically determined needs

• Focus on data and info and not on transport of bits

27


Enabling technologies• autonomic capabilities and bio-inspired algorithms (e.g., gossiping,

self-organization algorithms), to deal with complexity;• (self-organized) P2P overlays for clustering components, to guarantee

scalability, reliability, and abstraction from underlying network;• resources virtualization, based on abstraction for coping with

heterogeneity and on the definition of dynamic slices for multiple allocations;

• programmable “intelligent” mechanisms, e.g., based on auctions, game theory, etc., for optimized resource allocation and use;

• cognitive cross layering, to allow the network to perceive conditions, decide and act autonomically to reach local/global/end-to-end goals in an optimal way, in cooperation with autonomic and self-organizing behavior of resources;

• grid Computing to better integrate different resources (computing storage and network and to integrate new ones (sensors., actuators, micromachinery, ...)

• Information centric networking to better collect and use the needed wanted data information

New Control Patterns: Publish – Subscribe Model

Google code: PubSUb Hubbub

New Control Patterns that exceed the client-server and the “network intelligence” models

• Transaction oriented processing

• PubSubR. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

Information Centric Networking

30

Content Centric Networking A Self-Organizing Network That Meets Information NeedsWhat Is It?A new approach to networking that enables networks to self-organize and push relevant content where needed.Content-centric networking enables communication to happen anywhere, anytime, and with any device - using any available means.

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4ward project: in this paradigm, the communication abstraction presented to applications is based on transfer of application data objects instead of the end-to-end reliable byte-stream used by the majority of applications today.

http

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What Role and Architecture for Operators ?


A New Layering

32

TELECOM ITALIA

Infrastructure: Fibre everywhere Wireless Drop termination MultiTera in the Core Gbps in wired access,

10Mbps wireless Flat Architecture, IPv6 on

the core optical layer

Intelligence: Customer & Context

Awareness Service Platforms Overlay Networks Autonomic Behavior Resources Virtualization

Resources Pooling from several Ownership Domains

Resources Pooling from several Ownership Domains


http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dreamstime.com/mobile-phone-icon-thumb8331632.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-mobile-phone-icon-image8331632&usg=__3bPbl9H6mdPHdFcx4yEtrPWiW7M=&h=350&w=247&sz=13&hl=it&start=15&tbnid=dam48WyQJlaGnM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=85&prev=/images?q=mobile+phone+icon&gbv=2&hl=it

http://images.google.it/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dreamstime.com/clipart-of-personal-computer-thumb4017967.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photography-clipart-of-personal-computer-image4017967&usg=__apuSGkFLSqEA-DW8iNg9Ui5cZVI=&h=300&w=300&sz=21&hl=it&start=11&tbnid=TW5CoIl0eWr-0M:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images?q=computer+clipart&gbv=2&hl=it



Operator’s Strategies

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★ Service Provider

★ Service Enabler

★ BIT Carrier

TELECOM ITALIA

The Network Architecture is influenced by the Operator’s Strategy



Choose Your Role andYour Network


• Transport the data•in the better way for the customer

• Helping Customer in retrieving INFORMATION

• Ease the work of finding data and information, linking them into something meaningful and manage them

Be good to transport lots of bits

Build a Data oriented Platform (new networking + data handling) for others to use

Transform Data into Information and create plenty of services by means of meaningful interfaces

Bit Carrier

Platform Provider

Service Provider

A Bit CarrierNetwork

35

TELECOM ITALIA

Fiber Metro DWDM Core DWDM

SubscriberMngmt

AAA

Subscriber Access Aggregation Core

Business

Residential

Switch

Edge

IP CarrierIP Carrier

IXIX

ContentProviderContentProvidereNB

Addressing

Mobility

Identity

Monitoring

QoS / Policy

BillingFunctions

Layer 2 Carrier Transport

Layer 3 / IP

Generalized Control PlaneFocus onTRANSPORT

Few basicSERVICES

Control Platf.BASIC

Focus onTRANSPORT

Few basicSERVICES

Control Platf.BASIC


Service Enabler’sNetwork (a Network Operating System)

36

TELECOM ITALIA

Negotiation/BidAllocation/ Integration

Data Center IT/BSS/OSS

IP CarrierIP Carrier

IXIX

ContentProviderContentProvider

ExternalClouds

System APIs

Platform APIs

New Networking Models beyond IP

towards Information

Centric Networking

Fiber Metro DWDM Core DWDM

Subscriber Access Aggregation Core

Legacy

Switch

Edge

eNB

Layer 2 Carrier Transport

FastSwitching

Core

FastSwitching

Core

Information-centric EdgeInformation-centric Edge

• High Value Funct.by the NETWORK

• Information CentricNETWORK

• Beyond the CLIENT-SERVERmodel

• Customised levelsof API

• Control functions in the NETWORK

• New Communic. ModelsPUB-SUBSCRIBE

• Integration with other NETWORKS and TERMINALS

• High Value Funct.by the NETWORK

• Information CentricNETWORK

• Beyond the CLIENT-SERVERmodel

• Customised levelsof API

• Control functions in the NETWORK

• New Communic. ModelsPUB-SUBSCRIBE

• Integration with other NETWORKS and TERMINALS

...

AAAMOBILITY

Addressing

Layer 3 / IP

Virtualized Resource Control Plane (Network OS)Virtualized Resource Control Plane (Network OS)

Existing functionsExisting functions

processing

Storage ...

New functionsNew functionsMeta dati

Ab

stra

ctio

nA

bst

ract

ion



How The Network Could Look Like

Fixed (Fiber)

WirelessACCESS IP Platform

Optical Platform

Aggregation Edge Core

Customerowned:

Networks/NASes /

Routers /…

Customerowned:

Networks/NASes /

Routers /…

Customerowned:

Data Centers/Servers /

IT Resources /…

Customerowned:

Data Centers/Servers /

IT Resources /…

Complex Devices/Networks

CustomerOwned and

Shared:Terminals/

PCs/gateways/sensors/

Wifi / …

CustomerOwned and

Shared:Terminals/

PCs/gateways/sensors/

Wifi / …

General Control and Management (Zero Touch)

Overlays of autonomic virtualized components and Data

Virtualization Layer

Simple Devices/Networks

Telecom Services

Ecosystem of Services

Third Party Servics

Future Learning

RetailEvolution

EnterpriseProcesses

VirtualEnv.ss

Future ofEnergy

ServiceProvid

er

Service

Enabler

Bit Carrier

OtherResources

(not shared)

OtherResources

(not shared)

OtherPlarforms

OtherPlarforms

OtherService

EcoSystems

OtherService

EcoSystems

Shared and virtualized device/reource

Other resources

My 2 ¢ suggestions

What T.I. is doing• Working on alternative

models for dealing with personal data

• Working on a Network OS with open APIs

• Working on zero-touch networks (e.g., AFI)

• Working on ICN (European projects)

• Working on a new view of Identity

What should be done• Future Internet will be dominated by

Tussles: looking at networks and architecture with more user flavor (involving more user associations ?)

• Propose an open framework for Identity and related issues (profiling, data ownership,…)

• Push for a shift from bits to data and ICN

• A Great Initiative for User Controlled Network of Networks and Data ?


39

Thank you!

Roberto Minerva

TORINO - Italy

Phone: +39 011 228 7027

Email: [email protected]


Documents

Future platform technologies and architectures Roberto Minerva, Manager of IC Scenarios Telecom Italia – Future Centre ITU Workshop on Service Delivery