Characteristics Eukaryote: with chitonous cell wall, no
chloroplasts Reproduction Asexual budding in yeast cells Sexual
spores made inside of fruiting bodies that are produced on
reproductive hyphae most fungi Metabolism: respiration and
fermentation Absorption of nutrients through mycelia Saprophytes
(most fungi) Parasite (athletes foot, ringworm and Dutch elm)
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Environment: grow best in moist, warm places
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Phyla Basidiomycetes: club fungi - mushrooms, bracken fungi,
puffballs, (produce 4 spores in sporangium) Ascomycetes: morel
mushroom, cup mushroom (produce 8 spores in sporangium) Oomycetes:
water-borne fungi Deuteromycetes: athletes foot
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Basidiomycetes Also includes smut!
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Smut!!!!!!!!!!! Not pornographic material Not what you
think!
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Corn smut
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Giant puffballs Look carefully!
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Inside of a puffball
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Bracken fungus growing on dead tree
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Bracken fungi on tree
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Rust
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Killer Mushrooms
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Fairy rings Oops. Wrong type!
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Fairy Ring A circular collection of fruiting bodies (mushrooms)
that are actually all connected underground by one mycelium mass
The larger the diameter, the older the mycelium
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Ascomycetes Cup/sac fungi
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Orange Jelly fungus
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Morel mushroom
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Stachybotrys mould that is responsible for sick building
syndrome (leaky condo)
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Oomycetes Most feed on dead aquatic materials Some species are
saprophytes of dead plants and animals One species is thought to be
the cause of the current worldwide die-off of frogs primitive,
single-celled, colonial, or mycelial fungi that appear to reproduce
asexually most of the time, only reproducing sexually in times of
dire need. primitive
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Zygomycetes Live on soil or dead and decaying plant or animal
matter Simplest reproductive cycle Asexual reproduction: produce
spores in sporangia Sexual reproduction: produce zygospores
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Zygospore
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Pilobolus kleinii Hat Thrower
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Yeast (in bread)
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Black bread mold sporangia
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Penicillin (a direct descendant of the fungus used by Dr.
Fleming to make the first antibiotic)
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Deuteromycetes "fungi imperfecti" generally do not exhibit a
sexual reproductive function
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Athletes foot and ringworm
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Slime molds no longer considered fungi, but protists
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Other: NOT a phylum but a symbiotic relationship: Lichen
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Foliose lichen
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Cladonia coccinera fruiting bodies
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Ecological significance Symbiotic relationships Lichen a
combination of plant and fungi in a mutualistic relationship (An
index species in ecological succession) Fungi obtain sugars and
substrate (surface) to grow on Algae obtains mineral nutrients as
the fungus enzymes break down the rock surface
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Ecological significance of Fungi Important decomposer Some
pathogenic Some fight disease (produce antibiotics Some edible Some
poisonous enzymes can liquify your liver if you do not get the
appropriate anti-toxin immediately (assuming there is an
anti-toxin)
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Mycorrhizae (whitish stuff next to the brown roots)
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Structures StructureFunction Cap (Pileus)Covers and protects
the reproductive structures (gills) Ring (Annulus)Covered and
protected the gills as the fruiting body pushed through the ground
Cup (Volva)Covered and protected the gills as the fruiting body
pushed through the ground ScalesSections of the cap Gills
(Lamellae)Contain the basidiospores (spores) reproductive cells
Stem (stape)Holds the cap and gills high above the ground, ensuring
a wide broadcast of the spores Mycelia (pl) Mycelium (singl)
Release and absorption of digestive enzymes mushroom absorbs
nutrient-rich liquids through membrane to obtain nutrition
HyphaeOne mycelium filament used for sexual reproduction and
absorption
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The Filamentous Body of a Fungus (a) Mycelium (b) Individual
Hyphae (c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway) Cell Walls Septum Pore Cytoplasm
Haploid Nuclei
Steps to sexual reproduction Hyphae of two fungi grow together
(negative and positive strain- no male or female) Genetic material
is exchange New spore producing structure (zygospore) grows from
the joined hyphae New genetically unique fungus grows out from the
zygospore
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Mycelia and spores
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More spores
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The End Dont worry, the fungi wont kill you to be
continued
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Youtube links
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puDkLFcCZyI&feature=fvst David
Attenborough The Secret life of plants amazing growth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puDkLFcCZyI&feature=fvst
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuKjBIBBAL8&feature=fvst
Cordyceps and insects
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuKjBIBBAL8&feature=fvst
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBdg6Of3Er0&feature=related
athletes food
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBdg6Of3Er0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeF952Xfz-4&feature=related U of
Missouri fungi research
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeF952Xfz-4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cymRslzI97s spore release
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cymRslzI97s