Functions In Excel

A Function

• Performs a predefined operation • A function

• Accepts one or more arguments as input

• Performs the indicated calculation• Returns another value as output

Main Functions• Financial Functions• Statistical Functions• DATABASE Functions

Financial Functions

Financial Functions

• NPV• IRR• PMT• IPMT

• Be consistent about the units for specifying rate and nper• Monthly payments on a four-year loan at 12 percent

annual interest, use 12%/12 for rate and 4*12 for nper. • Annual payments on the same loan, use 12% for rate and 4

for nper

Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and

Net Present Value (NPV) Net present value (NPV): the sum of the present values of all cash inflows minus the sum of the present values of all cash outflows. The internal rate of return (IRR): (1) the discount rate that equates the sum of the present values of all cash inflows to the sum of the present values of all cash outflows; (2) the discount rate that sets the net present value equal to zero. The internal rate of return measures the investment yield.

PMT and IPMT

• PMT- This function calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and constant interest rate

• IPMT- This function calculates the interest payment based on periodic , constant payments and a constant interest rate

NPV

• NPV(rate,value1,value2,…)• Rate is the rate of discount over the length of

one period• Value1,value2,… must be equally spaced in

time and occur at the end of each period

IRR

• IRR(values,guess)• Values are an array or a reference to cells that

contains numbers for which you want to calculate the internal rate of return

• Guess is a number that you guess is close to the result of IRR

PMT

• PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)• Rate is the interest rte of the loan• Nper is the total number of payments for the

loan• Pv is the present value• Fv is the future value• Type is the number 0 or 1 and indicates when

payments are due

IPMT

• IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type)• Rate is the interest rate per period• Per is the period for which you want to find the interest

and must be in the range 1 to nper• Nper is the total number of payment periods in an

annuity• Pv is the present value• Fv is the future value• Type is the number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments

are due

Statistical Functions in

Excel

Statistical functions

Excel has a wide variety of built-in statistics functions that give, the standard and mean deviation of a data sample, and the mean, median and mode of a set of values.

1. Average Function

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments.

Syntax ::: AVERAGE(number1,number2,...)Number1, number2, ...    are 1 to N numeric arguments forwhich you want the average.

Example ::: Data = 10,7,9,27,2

AVERAGE(A2:A6) Average of the numbers above (11)

AVERAGE(A2:A6, 5) Average of the numbers above and 5 (10)

2 . Median Function Returns the median of the given numbers.

The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers; that is, half the numbers have values that are greater than the median, and half have values that are less.

Syntax ::: MEDIAN(number1,number2,...)Number1, number2, ...    are 1 to N numeric arguments for

which you want the median.

Example ::: Data = 1,2,3,4,5,6

MEDIAN(A2:A6) Median of the first 5 numbers in the list above (3)

MEDIAN(A2:A7) Median of all the numbers above, or the average of 3 and 4 (3.5)

3. AVEDEV Function Returns the average of the absolute

deviations of data points from their mean. AVEDEV is a measure of the variability in a data set.

Syntax ::: AVEDEV(number1,number2,...)Number1, number2, ...    are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want the average of the absolute deviations. You can also use a single array or a reference to an array instead of arguments separated by commas. The equation :

Example ::: Data = 4,5,6,7,5,4,3

AVEDEV(A2:A8) Average of the absolute deviations of the numbers above from their mean (1.020408)

4 . STEDEV Function Estimates standard deviation based on a

sample. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the standard value.

Syntax ::: STDEV(number1,number2,...)Number1, number2, ...    are 1 to 30 number arguments corresponding to a sample of a population. You can also use a single array or a reference to an array instead of arguments separated by commas.

The equation:

5. CORREL Function

Returns the correlation coefficient of the array1 and array2 cell ranges. Use the correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between two properties. For example, you can examine the relationship between a location's average temperature and the use of air conditioners.

Syntax ::: CORREL(array1,array2)Array1    is a cell range of values.Array2    is a second cell range of values.

The equation :

6. RANK Function Returns the rank of a number in a list of

numbers. The rank of a number is its size relative to other values in a list. (If you were to sort the list, the rank of the number would be its position.)

Syntax ::: RANK(number,ref,order)

Number    is the number whose rank you want to find.

Ref    is an array of, or a reference to, a list of numbers. Nonnumeric values in ref are ignored.

Order    is a number specifying how to rank number.

• If order is 0 (zero) or omitted, Microsoft Excel ranks number as if ref were a list sorted in descending order.

• If order is any nonzero value, Microsoft Excel ranks number as if ref were a list sorted in ascending order

Database Functions in

Excel

Introduction

• In this information age, the major challenge for every organization is to keep proper database in order to prosper in the future.

• Databases are store-houses of information.• Provides latest information.• Database is an organized collection of related

information about a particular subject or purpose.• Information in database is stored in rows and

columns• Ms-Excel also contains a good database which is

a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated

Computer D a t a Hierarchy pyramid

DB

FILE

TABLE

RECORD

FIELD

DATA

Bits and bytes

Traditional databases are organized by fields, records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is one complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records.

To access information from a database, you need a database management system (DBMS). This is a collection of programs that enables you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.

The following figure shows the basic layout of a database table:

1. DAVERAGE Function

Averages the values in a column of a list

or database that match conditions you specify.

Syntax ::: DAVERAGE (database,field,criteria)

• Database    is the range of cells that makes up the list or database.

• Field    indicates which column is used in the function. Field can be given as text with the column label enclosed between double quotation marks, such as “-----” as a number that represents the position of the column within the list

• Criteria    is the range of cells that contains the conditions you specify

2. DSUM Function

Adds the numbers in a column of a

list or database that match conditions you specify.

Syntax ::: DSUM (database,field,criteria)

• Database    is the range of cells that makes up the list or database.

• Field    indicates which column is used in the function. Field can be given as text with the column label enclosed between double quotation marks, such as ”------” or as a number that represents the position of the column within the list

• Criteria    is the range of cells that contains the conditions you specify

3. DMAX Function

Returns the largest number in a column

of a list or database that matches conditions

you specify.

Syntax ::: DMAX(database,field,criteria)

• Database    is the range of cells that makes up the list or database.

• Field    indicates which column is used in the function. Field can be given as text with the column label enclosed between double quotation marks, such as “-----” or as a number that represents the position of the column within the list

• Criteria    is the range of cells that contains the conditions you specify

4. DMIN Function

Returns the largest number in a column

of a list or database that matches conditions

you specify.

Syntax ::: DMIN(database,field,criteria)

• Database    is the range of cells that makes up the list or database.

• Field    indicates which column is used in the function. Field can be given as text with the column label enclosed between double quotation marks, such as “-----” or as a number that represents the position of the column within the list

• Criteria    is the range of cells that contains the conditions you specify