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Frontier research in Pulses improvement: Sustaining the higher productivity and resilience to stresses in SAARC Region Pooran Gaur ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India 32nd SAARC Charter Day and International Year of Pulses 2016 8 December 2016, SAC-Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mandated Pulse Crops of ICRISAT
Chickpea Pigeonpea
14.7 m ha 6.7 m ha
Frontier research in Pulses improvement
• Rapid development of cultivars and enhancing genetic gains (Improving precision and efficiency of breeding programs)
• Enhanced yield stability and resilience to climate change
• Adaptation to existing and evolving cropping systems
• Varieties with labor saving traits
• Enhanced nutritional and grain quality
Development of genomic resources in Pulses • Draft genome sequence available for major pulses. of
pigeonpea, chickpea (Nature Biotechnology 2013) and the two diploid ancestors (A. duranensis and A. ipaensis) of cultivated groundnut (Nature Genetics 2016).
• Re-sequencing of 3000 germplasm lines and 1132 MAGIC lines in chickpea and 300 lines of reference set in pigeonpea.
• Millions of genetic markers and high density 50K SNP array.
• Several genetic populations such as biparentals, multiparentals (MAGIC and NAM), association mapping panels and training populations
• High density genetic maps and consensus maps.
• Mapped QTLs/genes for important traits through linkage mapping and identified marker-trait associations (MTAs) through association mapping.
Improving precision in phenotyping
Rapid development of cultivars
Rapid homozygosity
Double haploid technology
Rapid generation turnover
Restructuring of plant type for bringing a breakthrough in productivity
Development of short-statured, early (100-120 days) and super early (<100 days) varieties in pigeonpea
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system based hybrids
Exploitation of heterosis for enhancing yield - Hybrid pigeonpea
Male sterility
Cross-pollination by insects
ICPH 2671 in on-farm trials
States Hybrid Control % Gain
Maharashtra 969 717 35
Andhra Pradesh 1411 907 56
Karnataka 1201 951 26
Jharkhand 1460 864 69
Madhya Pradesh 1940 1326 46
Mean 1396 953 47
Yield advantages of hybrid pigeonpea
Greater exploitation of genetic variability existing in the germplasm of cultivated and wild species and induced through mutagenesis
Combining favorable genes by developing MAGIC (multi-parent advance
generation intercross) populations
28 2-way
14 4-way
7 8-way
(A) ICC 4958 (C) JAKI 9218 (E) JG 130 (G) ICCV 97105
(B) ICCV 10 (D) JG 11 (F) JG 16 (H) ICCV 00108
MAGIC population/lines developed in chickpea using 8 parents
Tolerance to abiotic stresses
• Drought
• Temperature extremes (high/low)
• Soil salinity
• Water logging
Marker-assisted breeding for improving drought tolerance in chickpea
• A genomic region (called QTL hotspot) harboring QTLs for root traits and various other drought tolerance related traits identified on LG 4.
• This genomic region has been introgressed into several cultivars (JG 11 , ICCV 10, JAKI 9218, JG 16) using 3 cycles of marker-assisted backcrossing.
• Several MABC lines superior to the recurrent parents have been identified.
Large genetic variations for heat tolerance in chickpea
Sensitive Tolerant
Sensitive Tolerant
Large genetic variations for heat tolerance in chickpea
Genetic variation for heat tolerance in reference set (n=300) of chickpea
Molecular mapping of QTLs for heat tolerance in chickpea
Two key genomic regions harbouring several QTLs for heat tolerance associated traits identified on CaLG05 and CaLG06 based on ICC 4567 × ICC 15614 RILs
Resistance to multiple diseases
Resistance to insect-pests
Strategies Transfer of resistance from wild species Development of transgenics
Wild species
Breeding cultivars suitable for different cropping systems
Wide variation in sowing dates due to increasing intensification of cropping systems
Farmers’ chickpea fields with diverse sowing dates in Andhra Pradesh state of India
Close to maturity At seedling stage Ready to harvest
A wide range in sowing time (e.g. Oct to Dec for chickpea in India)
29 Dec 2012
Cultivars suitable for cultivation in rice-fallows
Varietal traits desired for rice-fallows • Early seedling vigour • Early maturity • Reproductive stage drought and heat tolerance • Resistance to fusarium wilt
Developing early and super early varieties
Mechanization of farm operations
Wheat
Chickpea
Developing grain legume cultivars suitable to mechanical harvesting
Development of machine harvestable chickpea varieties
Development of machine harvestable chickpea varieties
Machine harvestable chickpea varieties released in India
• NBeG 47 (AP) - 2015 • GBM 2 (Karnataka) - 2015
Developing herbicide tolerant cultivars of pulses
Genetic variation for herbicide tolerance in chickpea (left) and lentil (right)
Increasing protein content by about 25%
Commercial varieties of chickpea and pigeonpea
High protein genotypes of chickpea (ICC 5912) and pigeonpea (HPL 8, HPL 40)
20-22% 26-27%
Doubling contents of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)
Commercial varieties of lentil High iron and zinc line (L 4704)
40-60 ppm Fe 25-35 ppm Zn
125 ppm Fe 74 ppm Zn
Enhanced Nutritional Quality
Market-preferred grain quality
Thank You