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From World War I to World War IIFrom World War I to World War II
SOL: VUS.9b -12
U.S. involvement in World War I (VUS.9b)U.S. involvement in World War I (VUS.9b)
After the War After the War
Wilson wrote the Fourteen Points to eliminate causes of war, but France and Britain insisted on punishing Germany. The Treaty of Versailles resulted in the creation of new nations in Europe and also included a League of Nations, but the US Senate refused to approve it.
The 1920s (VUS.10a) = Changes led to Conflict The 1920s (VUS.10a) = Changes led to Conflict
Popular Culture (radio, jazz, movies, and magazines) reflected the prosperity of the 1920sConflict = traditional vs. modern values
Scopes Trial: Religion v. ScienceFlappers: traditional v. modern roles for womenRise of KKK: open immigration v. nativismProhibition: speakeasies v. respect for law
Great Depression (VUS.b,c)Great Depression (VUS.b,c)
Causes of DepressionOverspeculation in the stock marketUsing borrowed money to buy stockHawley Smoot Tariff and other high tariffsFailure of the Federal Reserve System
Impact of DepressionImpact of Depression
Unemployment (25%) and homelessness
bank closingsLabor unions became more violent Farm foreclosures and migration
New DealNew Deal
Made the government more active in economy
Roosevelt: “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.”
Relief – help people directly (WPA).Recovery -- bring nation out of depression (AAA).Reform – fix unsound banking and investment practices (FDIC).Social Security Act offered safeguards for workers.
World War IIWorld War II
Allies (France, Great Britain & the Soviet Union) vs. Axis (Japan, Germany & Italy)
War in EuropeWar in Europe
Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland (1939); US was neutral
GermanyOver-ran France
Bombed Britain (“Battle of Britain”)Invaded Soviet Union (1941)
US Involvement US Involvement
US helped Britain byTrading bases for destroyers
Lend-Lease Act (“like a garden hose!”)
War in AsiaWar in Asia
Japan invaded Manchuria and China (1930s)US imposed an embargo on the sale of oil and steel to JapanJapan bombed Pearl Harbor (12/7/1941)
FDR said “a date which will live in infamy”
US declared war on Japan
Germany & Japan declared war on US
Strategy in EuropeStrategy in Europe
Allied Strategy = Defeat Hitler 1st
Axis Strategy = win quickly before US can enter warPrisoners of War treated according to Geneva Convention
Turning Point BattlesTurning Point Battles
El Alamein – blocked Axis from Middle East oil
Stalingrad – blocked Axis from Soviet oil
Normandy – began liberation of Western Europe
Strategy in Pacific Strategy in Pacific
Allied Strategy = island hopping; submarine warfare
Axis Strategy = invade Philippines & Indonesia, head for Australia & Hawaii; hoped US would accept dominancePrisoners of War treated badly (Bataan Death March)
Turning Point Battles:Turning Point Battles:
Midway – “Miracle”, destroyed Japanese navyIwo Jima & Okinawa – close to Japan, high casualties Hiroshima & Nagasaki – use of atomic bomb
Minority InvolvementMinority Involvement
War in EuropeTuskegee Airmen (African American)Nisei Regiments (Japanese Americans)Mexican American soldiers not segregated
War in AsiaNavajo Code-talkers
HolocaustHolocaust
Genocide: systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious or cultural groupFinal Solution: Germany’s decision to exterminate all Jews; also affected Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, and undesirables
Resulted in Resulted in
Nuremberg Trials – held Nazi leaders individually responsible for actions committed during warIncreased demand for a Jewish homeland
World War II at HomeWorld War II at Home
Government and industry worked together; businesses changed to wartime productionRationing, war bonds, income taxes and Selective Service (Draft)
New RolesNew Roles
Women: served in non-combat roles in the military, worked in industry (Rosie the Riveter)
New Roles New Roles
African Americans: migrated to cities for jobs in war plants, Double-V Campaign
New RolesNew Roles
Japanese Americans: sent to internment camps because of prejudice and fear of spies; Supreme Court upheld the internments
Media and CommunicationsMedia and Communications
Government censored war reportingEntertainment Industry (movies and plays) supported the war effort