From the From the Paleolithic Paleolithic

Era to Era to CivilizationCivilization

PrehistoryPrehistory The time period before writing was The time period before writing was

invented is known as Prehistory.invented is known as Prehistory. History is the time period after writing was History is the time period after writing was

invented.invented. Prehistory is also known as the Stone Age.Prehistory is also known as the Stone Age.

The Stone Age has two parts:The Stone Age has two parts: Old Stone Age or PaleolithicOld Stone Age or Paleolithic New Stone Age or NeolithicNew Stone Age or Neolithic

were nomadswere nomads made simple tools made simple tools

and weapons and weapons out of stoneout of stone, bone, , bone,

or wood; or wood; used caves and used caves and

rocky overhangs rocky overhangs for shelter;for shelter;

cave paintingscave paintings Gave us an Gave us an

understanding of understanding of what life was like what life was like thenthen

Lascaux, AltamiraLascaux, Altamira

learned to build fires learned to build fires for warmth, cooking, for warmth, cooking,

light, and ceremonies. light, and ceremonies. Also used as a tool, Also used as a tool,

weapon and a signalweapon and a signal

invented tools for invented tools for hunting, fishing, hunting, fishing, protection, and protection, and sheltershelter

had spoken languagehad spoken language Needed for Needed for

communication among communication among one another so people one another so people could share ideas and could share ideas and tradetrade

2During the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic era, people lived as nomads, in small hunting and food gathering groups. These people:

Early people left evidence of their Early people left evidence of their belief in a spiritual world.belief in a spiritual world.

Animism is the belief that the world Is full of spirits and forces that might reside in animals, or objects.

Cave paintings may have been part of animist religious rituals.

Stone statues are believed to have had religious meaning. Statues of pregnant women suggest that early people worshiped earth-mother goddesses.

Early people began burying their dead with care, suggesting a belief in life after death. They provided the dead with tools and weapons for the afterlife.

2

The The Neolithic Neolithic RevolutionRevolution

Early man lived in Early man lived in groups of 2 to 3 dozen groups of 2 to 3 dozen people.people.

Men did the hunting.Men did the hunting. Women gathered fruit, Women gathered fruit,

berries, roots, and berries, roots, and grasses.grasses.

The scattering of seeds, The scattering of seeds, about 10,000 years ago, about 10,000 years ago, led to the led to the Neolithic Neolithic Revolution.Revolution.

The move from hunting and The move from hunting and gathering to farming and gathering to farming and herding took place over herding took place over

and over at different and over at different places in the world at places in the world at

different times.different times.

Causes of the NeolithicCauses of the NeolithicAgricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution

1. The change in 1. The change in climate was a major climate was a major factor for the factor for the Agricultural Agricultural Revolution.Revolution.

2. Rising temperatures 2. Rising temperatures allowed for longer allowed for longer growing seasons and growing seasons and drier land for drier land for cultivating.cultivating.

3. A large supply of

grain led to population growth.

4. A growing population led to a need to look for new food.

5. Farming offered a steady source of food.

Neolithic Agricultural Revolution was the change from nomadic to farming life. This led to the development of civilization

The Neolithic Agricultural The Neolithic Agricultural RevolutionRevolution

PEOPLE BEFORE PEOPLE AFTER

Learned to farm and were able to produce their own food.

Settled into permanent villages.

Learned to domesticate, or tame, animals. This provided a dependable source of meat.

Relied on hunting and gathering.

Nomads lived in small hunting and food-gathering groups.

Waited for migrating animals to return each year.

2

Early Farming Early Farming TechniquesTechniques

1. Slash-and-burn 1. Slash-and-burn farmingfarming is the cutting is the cutting

of trees, etc. to clear a of trees, etc. to clear a field.field.

2. The ashes acted as 2. The ashes acted as fertilizer.fertilizer.

3. The land would be used 3. The land would be used for a year or two.for a year or two.

Domestication of Domestication of AnimalsAnimals

1. Early man’s understanding 1. Early man’s understanding of plants aided the of plants aided the development of farming.development of farming.

2. Early man’s understanding 2. Early man’s understanding of wild animals aide the of wild animals aide the domestication domestication of wild of wild animalsanimals

3. Domestication Domestication is the is the taming of wild animals.taming of wild animals.

4. Some of the first animals 4. Some of the first animals tamed were horses, dogs, tamed were horses, dogs, goats, and pigs.goats, and pigs.

5. Pastoral nomads moved their sheep, goats, camels, etc. from place to place.

Summary of Progress Summary of Progress During the Stone AgeDuring the Stone Age

Some achievements during Stone Age were invention of Some achievements during Stone Age were invention of tools, controlling fire and development of languagetools, controlling fire and development of language

Paleolithic Paleolithic Age (2.5 million to 8000 B.C.) was the Age (2.5 million to 8000 B.C.) was the earlier part of the Stone Age in the Ice Ageearlier part of the Stone Age in the Ice Age

The earliest stone chopping tools can be dated to the The earliest stone chopping tools can be dated to the Paleolithic Paleolithic AgeAge

NeolithicNeolithic Age (8000 to 3000 B.C.) was know n as the Age (8000 to 3000 B.C.) was know n as the New Stone Age.New Stone Age.

In the In the Neolithic Neolithic Age people learned to polish stone Age people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animalstools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals

Catal HuyukCatal Huyuk (chuh-TUL hoo-YOOK) (chuh-TUL hoo-YOOK)

1. This was a village located in 1. This was a village located in south-central Turkey.south-central Turkey.2. Farmers grew large crops of wheat, 2. Farmers grew large crops of wheat, barley and peas.barley and peas.

3.Villagers raised sheep and cattle.3.Villagers raised sheep and cattle.

4. Potters and weavers were some of then skilled workers in the village.

5. At one point, 5. At one point, there were about there were about 6,000 people 6,000 people living in the living in the village.village.

6. Religious rituals 6. Religious rituals were dedicated to were dedicated to a mother goddess a mother goddess who was believed who was believed to control the to control the

supply of grain.supply of grain.

7. Some of the problems with this new way of life were: 7. Some of the problems with this new way of life were: a. Villages could be destroyed by floods, a. Villages could be destroyed by floods, fire, drought & other natural disasters.fire, drought & other natural disasters. b. Diseases spread quickly because people b. Diseases spread quickly because people lived lived

so close to each other.so close to each other. c. A village could be open to attackc. A village could be open to attack from neighboring villagers or from neighboring villagers or nomads.nomads.

8. Some villages grew into 8. Some villages grew into large cities.large cities.

Key IdeasKey Ideas People gradually give up hunting People gradually give up hunting

and gathering and learn to cultivate and gathering and learn to cultivate crops, domesticate animals, and live crops, domesticate animals, and live in settled villages. Some villages in settled villages. Some villages grow and prosper, developing grow and prosper, developing complex social and economic complex social and economic systems that set the stage for the systems that set the stage for the development of civilization.development of civilization.

Farmers began cultivating lands along river valleys and producing surplus, or extra, food.

Surpluses helped populations expand.

As populations grew, some villages swelled into cities.

What led to the rise of civilizations?What led to the rise of civilizations?3

8. Writing-developed pictograms8. Writing-developed pictograms

7. Public works7. Public works

6. Arts and architecture6. Arts and architecture

5. Social classes5. Social classes

4. Job specialization4. Job specialization

3.3. Complex religions-Most were Complex religions-Most were polytheisticpolytheistic, ,

2. Well-organized central governments2. Well-organized central governments

1. Cities1. Cities

A civilization is a complex, highly organized social order. Historians distinguish eight basic features found in most early civilizations:

3Basic Features of a Basic Features of a CivilizationCivilization

PERSIANPERSIANIn AP World History, we use In AP World History, we use PERSIANPERSIAN

to describe various societies, to describe various societies, civilizations, empires and nations.civilizations, empires and nations.

Political

Economic

Religious

Social

Intellectual

Artistic

Near

Refer to Handout!

Civilizations spread when ancient rulers gained more power and conquered territories beyond the boundaries of their cities.

Interactions among people also cause cultures to change.

Powerful rulers created city-states and empires.

Civilizations change when the physical environment changes.

Civilizations Spread Civilizations Spread and Changeand Change

An empire is a group of states orterritories controlled by oneruler.

A city-state included a city andits surrounding lands andvillages.

Example: A tremendous volcano may have wiped out Minoan civilization.

Cultural diffusion is the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. Cultural diffusion occurred through migration, trade, and warfare.

What advances did What advances did people make during the people make during the Old Stone Age?Old Stone Age?

How can we learn about How can we learn about the religious beliefs of the religious beliefs of early people?early people?

Why was the Neolithic Why was the Neolithic agricultural revolution a agricultural revolution a turning point in history?turning point in history?

What are the key What are the key features of civilization?features of civilization?

Key QuestionsKey Questions2

TASK: Early Humans TASK: Early Humans Comic StripComic Strip

You have recently been hired by the You have recently been hired by the local paper to create a comic strip local paper to create a comic strip that illustrates the changes in human that illustrates the changes in human development from the Paleolithic Era development from the Paleolithic Era to the rise of civilizations.to the rise of civilizations.

Your task is to create a 3-frame comic Your task is to create a 3-frame comic strip that illustrates the unique strip that illustrates the unique characteristics of each time period.characteristics of each time period.

Refer back to your notes and reading Refer back to your notes and reading on Early Humans for help.on Early Humans for help.

You must include:You must include: 3 Drawings or clip art 3 Drawings or clip art

figures of early man figures of early man (no stick figures)(no stick figures) Drawings should Drawings should illustrate features of illustrate features of the period.the period.

Captions, Captions, conversation bubbles conversation bubbles and/or tag linesand/or tag lines

ColorColor Summary of each Summary of each

time periodtime period

Going Hunting.