Rozprawy Komisji Jzykowej TN, t. LXIV, 2017 ISSN 0076-0390 e-ISSN
2450-9310 http://dx.doi.org/10.26485/RKJ/2017/64/24
*1
, ’ ,
FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF THE PECULIARITIES OF LEXICON WHICH ARE THE
TRADITIONAL MEALS
IN THE DIALECTS OF KRYVYI RIH REGION
The article presents and discusses the lexicon (based on baking
homemade bread) in the dialects of Kryvyi Rih region. The analysis
of the dialectal form is made in comparison with the general
Ukrainian language, especially with its colloquial units. Keywords:
dialects in Kryvyi Rih region, lexicon, texts of a dialect,
homemade bread Sowa kluczowe: gwary okolic miasta Krzywy Róg,
leksyka, tekst gwarowy, domowy wypiek chleba
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[email protected]
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1.1. , ()
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, , .: | | | [], | | | [], - | |’ [], |’ | [].
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| / | / |’ | | | // |’ | | []. , .: ó, ú ‘ , ®’ [, 1916, . 546]. ,
, é 1. ‘ ’. 2. ‘’ [, 1992, . 2, . 270] ‘ , é 1.’ [, 1992, . 2, .
270].
. - ( ) à ( ) [, 1874, . 60], . „(- , , ) – ” [, 1874, . 34]. , , ,
(45 ) á, , , - á. , á ‘’ - [, 1982–2012, . 3, . 366], - , - .
356
1.3. ,
( ’ , ’, ’ [- , 1982–2012, . 1, . 318]), .: [. – ..] ’| // |’ | |’
| // |’ |’ ’|’ |’ // | | // | // | ’ [], | | | / / |’ / / |’ ’ |’’
[]. - , . (|’) : ’ |’ // | | / | |’ // | / |’ | []. - .
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124].
, , , : |’ | / |’ | | [].
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202], , , . [, 1992], ‘’ [, 1992, . 1, . 123–124]. , ( ) . - ó , ®
®’ [, 1916, . 549].
‘, , ®’ [, 1907–1909, . 1, . 390; , 1982–2012, . 2, . 88] , - [,
1992], , ú „ , ,
, ’... 357
” [, 1968, . 20], , , .
– . - , .: [, 1916, . 66], : // , // [, 1916, . 108], á, ú … ’ [,
1916, . 537]. ®’ [, 1890, . 179], , , .
, - - . , , [, 1874, . 6], , [, 1874, . 60].
1.4. ,
, , - á: |’ |’ |’ | / |’ // |’ | |’ | | | // | |’: // |’’: | |’ [],
| | | // | | | / | |’ / | | // | | [], |’ ’’ ’| // | // | / ’| |’
|’: / ’ // | | | | // |’ |.. ’ []. ( ) , .: | | | / | / |’ | |
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// |’ | | [], | / | | // -- // | // | [].
- á , ú ‘, - ’ [, 1992, . 1, . 98] ‘, ’ [- , 1992, . 1, . 99]. - ò
à [, 1874, . 72], , . - , , [, 1916, . 9, 56, 160, 532].
358
, , , . , , .
1.5.
- - [’] []: | / ’ | / ’ | | |’ []. - | , - í, í [- , 1992, . 2, .
173]. . , .: [, 1913, . 18], , , [, 1888, . 18]. . ~ [, 1916, . 66,
73].
1.6.
|’, | - | | // ’ | | ’’ / |’ | / | | | / |’ | | / … / | | | | []. ,
, , : | | | / | | | // |’ | | / / |’’: | []. |- ‘’ ’ [, 1982–2012,
. 2, . 567–568] .: ‘ ® ’ [- , 1890, . 182; . , 1907–1909, . 2, .
281].
- , , [, 1992], : , [, 1916, . 53]; [, 1992, . 2, . 199].
, ’... 359
1.7. ( )
- () ( ), .: |’’ / |’ // | |’ | [], | | | ’ / |’ |’ // ’| |’’ ’ [],
| |’’ // |’ ’ [], | | | ’ []. , ( ) ( ) , .: , [, 1916, . 53] á ‘’
, ’ [- , 1992, . 4, . 53].
1.8.
’| [, 1982–2012, . 3, . 66]: | ’| // | ’|’: [], | | ’ // ’- | / | |
[]. . .
| / | / | / | | // ’| // | | / ’’ // | ’ [], |’’ |’ ’| / |’ | | | /
/ |’ // | / | []. .: , : , , - [, 1895, . 2].
1.9.
- , , , | | []. , | ’ | / | []. , , ’ , , | ’ / | |’ [].
. ( „ ”) , ’ : 10.
360
– ( – ®), [- , 1894, . 187] 26. ® „“ – ®® [, 1894, . 188].
1.10.
, , .: | … | | |’ // |’ |’ // ’ [], | | // | | / | | [], | | | | |’
| |’’ [], ’ // | // / ’ [], |’ | ’ / |’ / | | // | |’ / | … // |’ /
|’ [].
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- . - |’ ’ ’ // |’ [], |’ ’| |’ [], , , . . [, 1876, . 133].
| | ’|’ | ’|’ // ’’ ’ ’ |’ []. - , .: | | ’ / |’ |’ // ’| |’’ ’|
[], | |’’ // |’ ’ // ’ | // | [.] ’’ ’| // |’ [], / |’’ ’| / | | |
// | | |’ | |’ / |’’ | ’| / | |’ / | |’ [].
, : | ’| / ’|’ |’ / | / |’ | | | [], ’ | // | [], ’ |- | / | ’| |
[]. ,
, ’... 361
ú [- , 1982–2012, . 4, . 270]: ’ |’ | ’ // ’ | / | | ’|’ / |’ ’|’
[], ’ |’ / | ’|’ []. , , . ‘ , ® , ® - ’ [, 1907–1909, . 3, . 90],
‘ ®’ [, 1916, . 551].
á- (é) [, 1982–2012, . 1, . 311]: | ’ / |’ |’ | // ’| | | / ’ | ’|-
| / |’ / | / | / ’| | / |- | [], | | | / |’ |’ / | | … | ’|’ / |’ /
|’ ’ []. . á , .: á = é- 1) ‘ ®’, 2) ‘ ®’, 3) ‘, ’ [, 1907–1909, .
1, . 117]. , , é – ‘ , ®, ’ [, 1916, . 532]. ‘, ’: -, , ; , [,
1916, . 55]. á (- é) ú .
1.12.
, : ’|’’ | ’|’ / | |’ [], | ’ | / | / | ’ / … // | [], ’ | |’’ // |
|’ // ’ / |’ | | [].
, , ’ | | / | | | | // | ’ []. , , |’, : | |- / | / | | // … |’ | |
| ’ / | / | | []. , .
362
, , - , .: () ’ ( , ) [, 1992, . 1, . 121]) , , é, é, y [, 1992, .
1, . 121], ú , ®’ [, 1920, . 60]. – [, 1982–2012, . 1, .
312–313].
. - „«, , , .» – , . … , ” [, 1890, . 98]. (, . .); (?)’ - ( b) , ,
’ [, 1982–2012, . 1, . 179]. , ’ [, 1992, . 1, . 122] , ( ): , [,
1916, . 499].
, , , ú 1) ‘, ’; 2) ‘, ; . ’ [, 1920, . 60], , , - y , ’ [, 1958, .
19]. , , ’, , ’, á , , ’ [, 1958, . 19].
1.13.
’ y ‘- ., ’ [, 1982–2012, . 3, . 128], .: | ’ | |’ | ’| // |’ / | |
// | | |’ []. .
, ’... 363
2.
, ’ , - .
2.1. , , ,
á [, 1982–2012, . 1, . 332] ‘ ’, .: | |’’ | / | | | | | // | / | |’
’’ | []. .: , [, 1890, . 89], . á, á ‘ ’ [, 1882, . 29]. , - í ‘, ’
- ‘ , ’ [, 1992, . 1, . 129].
, - , , .: á ‘ , . .; ’ [, 1974, . 40, -, 1966, . 68; , 1874, .
89], - , .: è … = à, , , , ® , , [-, 1892, . 312].
é : | | | |’ / | | // | | |’: []. , , , . é ‘ ’ [, 1982–2012, . 1,
. 332].
- , ’ *kvas [, 1982–2012, . 2, . 416], .: |’ | … |’ | | / |’’ | //
| | ’| [], | | |- [], |’: ’| / | ’ []. - ‘ ’ [, 1992, . 2, .
161],
364
[, 1890, . 181], . = … ( ) ú … [, , 1893–1898, . 1, . 44; ,
1982–2012, . 2, . 415].
‘’: | |, | | [], .
2.2. , ,
, --(): ’| / |’ ’ | // |’ | |’ / // |’ |’ |’ / ’ |’ / ’ |’ | []. ,
‘ ’ ‘ ’’ [, 1970– 1980, . 6, . 348]. ‘ , ’ [, 1970–1980, . 6, 348]
, - ( „ ”): 25. ® „“, ® [, 1894, . 188], . „( ®) è” [- , 1874, .
173].
é ‘- ’ ( herbatnik): é′, ’é′ [, 1992, . 3, . 109], , , . ú, () ’í
′′ - ’ú, ’ ’ú!, , ‘’ [, 1992, . 3, . 109], -- ‘ () ’, . ú ‘ , ’ [-
, 1958, . 57]. , 1864, . 160 ( 8357).
- é, pieczenia ‘, ’ . [, 1916, . 552, . . 143, . 160].
, ’... 365
2.3.
’ ú [, 1986–1987, . 3, . 270], .: |’ // | | | / |’ | // ’| [], | ’
| [], . ú ‘, ’ [, 1992, . 3, . 112]. , , .: [, 1869, . 1, .
1].
2.4. ,
’ , , [, 1986–1987, . 3, . 115], .: |’ ’| ’ | / |’ [], ’|’: |’ // |
/ | / | []. , - . ò, à, à [, 1874, . 89]. C [, 1992, . 3, .
27].
, y - , , -- -á ( , .: |’), , , [, 1986–1987, . 4, . 208], frukty
frukta [Karowicz, Kryski, Niedwiedzki, 1900–1927, t. 1, s. 776]. ,
. à [, 1874, . 172, . 104; , , 1893–1898, . 4, . 176], y (. , 1884–
1886 .) [, 1982–2012, . 6, . 134]. - , , „ ” [, 1992, . 243].
y , .: | | | [], , - | ( – „”), . : |’ [] ~ |’ []. y(-) / á [,
1992].
366
, - , ’ - , - ’ , , - , - . / , , .
– – ’
– – –
- , 1892, - , : . . (), . , „ ”, -, . 287–464.
, 1916, , : , . 94, 4, , .
- , 1966, , „ ”, .
(), 1970–1980, , . 1–11, „- ”, .
, 1968, . - , , - .
, ’... 367
, 1907–1909, . . - 1907–1909 . , . 1–4, 1958, , .
, 1876, , . . , .
. ( ), 1895, ’ , : , . 1, . 1–24, , .
, 1874, - , , .
, 1974, , „ ”, . , 1890, , . ., -
., : -- , . 2, , . , , . 1–194.
, 1894, , , - , . . . . ., : - - , . 6, , , , . 161–197.
(. .), 1982–2012, , . 1–6, „ ”, .
, 1958, - , , .
, 1992, , „ ”, .
, 1913, , , - , ®, - , .
, 1864, , ’ , - . , -.
, 1882, , - , - . . , .
, 1869–1870, , 1–2, . , .
. (o ), ., 1893–1898, - -, . 1–4, - , .
368
, 1986–1987, , . 1–4, „”, .
, 1992, , . 1–4, „”, .
, 1888, , . 2, . . , -.
, 1920, , . 1, „”, - .
Karowicz Jan, Kryski Adam, Niedwiedzki Wadysaw, 1900–1927, Sownik
jzyka polskiego, t. 1–8, t. 1–2 W drukarni E. Lubowskiego i S-ki,
t. 3–6 W drukarni „Gazety Handlowej“, t. 7 W drukarni
„Wspóczesnej“, t. 8 Wydawnictwo kasy pomocy dla osób pracujcych na
polu naukowem imienia J. Mianowskiego, Warszawa.
Mykola Werbowyj
Streszczenie
Przedmiotem artykuu s podobiestwa i rónice midzy gwarami okolic
Krzywego Rogu a ukra- iskim jzykiem ogólnym.
W artykule zostaa przedstawiona i omówiona leksyka gwarowa dotyczca
tradycyjnego ywienia (gównie wypieku chleba w domu), uywana w
okolicach miasta Krzywy Róg. Obecnie pewna cz tych wyrazów wychodzi
z uytku i zanika. ródem materiau s teksty gwarowe z piciu wsi
pooonych w pobliu miasta Krzywy Róg, które zostay zaoone w XVIII,
XIX i XX stuleciach. Analiza zgromadzonego materiau gwarowego
zostaa przeprowadzona na tle odpowiednich sowników gwarowych oraz
materiaów etnograficznych z XIX i pocztku XX wieku zapisanych w
okolicach Krzywego Rogu.
Analizowana leksyka gwarowa, dotyczca gównie wypieku chleba w domu,
uywana w okolicach miasta Krzywy Róg wykazuje podobiestwo do nazw
wystpujcych w pobliskich gwarach stepowych, jak równie
charakteryzuje si swoistymi waciwociami fonetycznymi, gramatycznymi
i semantycznymi.
, ’... 369
FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF THE PECULIARITIES OF LEXICON WHICH ARE THE
TRADITIONAL MEALS
IN THE DIALECTS OF KRYVYI RIH REGION
Summary
The article deals with the similarities and differences in the
dialects of villages in the Kryvyi Rih region and the general
Ukrainian language.
The article presents a description of the system analysis of the
peculiarities of lexicon which are closely related with the
traditional way of baking homemade bread in the steppe dialects of
the Kryvyi Rih region. A certain amount of these words as a rule
becomes obsolete and vanishes. The work has been compiled from
original sources of dialect texts collected in five villages
founded in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries in the Kryvyi Rih
region. The analysis of collected dialect material is made in the
accordance with corresponding dictionaries and writings of
ethnographical material of 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries
collected on the areas closed to the Kryvyi Rih region.
The analyzed material makes it possible to determine which lexicon
is closely related to food in the dialects of the Kryvyi Rih
region. This lexicon possesses main features coincided with local
peculiarities of steppe dialects in general and exposes its local
phonetical, grammatical and semantic peculiarities.
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