From Lab Hoods to Front Lines: Chemists at CBP...Fingerprint evidence, DNA evidence, and electronic evidence collection 29 On-Site & Academy Training Technical commodity training Basic

Terrorist Incident Response — Note-Taking Guide

December 2004 Page 4.1

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From Lab Hoods to Front Lines:

Chemists at U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Download the presentation ONE WEEK after webinar:


ACS WEBINARS™ April 4, 2013

Co-produced with ACS Careers

Mr. Chris Mocella

U.S. Customs and Border

Protection Laboratories

Ms. Patricia Simpson

University of Illinois,

Urbana-Champaign


Chemists at U.S. Customs & Border Protection

Chris Mocella

ACS Webinar

April 4, 2013

10



Poll: What do CBP Chemists do?

1. Almost strictly lab-based analysis, working over well-

stocked fume hoods and equipment-covered lab

benches.

2. Almost strictly field-based “screening” chemistry,

with in-depth final analysis performed by lab chemists

in other agencies.

3. Combine expertise in chemistry, forensics, and other

technical disciplines to provide a full range of

scientific services to CBP and the government as a

whole.

4. Pretty much a copy of what you saw on “CSI: Las

Vegas” reruns last week.

11

U.S. Customs & Border Protection - CBP

•CBP, under the Department of Homeland Security,

is the largest law-enforcement agency in the

United States.

•Mission: Securing the border while facilitating

lawful trade and travel.

•Under the Office of Information and Technology,

Laboratories And Scientific Services (LSS) is the

scientific, technical, and forensic wing of CBP,

operating the CBP laboratories and other technical

divisions.

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History of CBP Laboratories

Tariff Act of 1848 – Hiring of Pharmacists and Physicians to work on import appraisal teams

Tariff Act of 1883 – Sugar to be classified (and therefore taxed) by polarimeter analysis

1892 – First laboratory established in Philadelphia

2001 – International Standards Organization accreditation 25/17025– First Federal Laboratories

March 1, 2003 – Laboratories & Scientific Services (LSS) transitioned with other legacy US Customs Service components into the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) under the Department of Homeland Security

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LSS Field Laboratories

San Juan PR ✯

Houston

Chicago

✯

Alaska

Hawaii

San Francisco ✯

Los Angeles ✯

Savannah ✯

Springfield ✯

New York ✯

✯

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Chemists

Textile Analysts

Physical Scientists

Health Physicists

Biologists

Fingerprint Specialists

Digital Forensic Analysts

Administrative Personnel

Most analysts possess a Bachelor’s degree, Master’s degree and/or PhD in a natural science

LSS Staff & Qualifications

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LSS Chemists - Scope of Work

Conduct lab-based trade, forensic, and anti-terrorism analyses

Perform on-site operations and analyses

Fully integrated in port and border operations

Criminal forensics

Provide scientific and technical opinions

Provide training to field officers and agents

Analyses and work are legally binding for

law-enforcement purposes

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Trade Enforcement Analyses

Specific areas of focus:

Classification (vida infra)

Country of Origin

Admissibility

Transshipment

Anti-dumping Orders

Import Safety (CPSC, FDA)

Foreign Trade Zones

Major areas of trade analysis:

Textiles, food, sugar, chemicals, stones, steel, petroleum

State-of-the-art equipment in laboratories to support analytical functions

Laboratories analyze imported merchandise for compliance with

CBP and other U.S. Government regulations and laws

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Commodity Analysis

Inorganic Chemicals

Chemicals, Steel, Stones, Glass, Ceramics, Ores

Organic Chemicals

Drugs & Narcotics, Pharmaceutics, Sugars, Food

Products, Petroleum Products, Polymers

Textiles

Fibers, Fabric, Apparel & Footwear, Wood, Leather

Intellectual Property Rights

Computer Hardware & Software/Code, Patent and

Trademark Infringements

Special Products and anything/everything new!

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Field Laboratory Specialties LSS HQ: World Customs Org., trade negotiation, National Quality Manager, training coordination, legal technical reviews, Office of Trade partnership, interagency cooperation/coordination

Chicago Lab: Audio/visual analysis, steel, non-human DNA

New York Lab: National Import Specialist rulings, food, Import Safety, non-human DNA

San Francisco Lab: Intellectual Property analysis, Country of Origin, foods, petroleum & petroleum products

Savannah Lab: Country of origin determination, consumer products & food safety analyses, textiles, Import Safety

Springfield Lab: Fingerprint analysis, non-human DNA analysis, digital forensics, canine detection

Houston Lab: Intensive border operations, tunnel detection unit, traffic accident investigation

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Import Safety Activities

Recent Food and Product Safety Events

Aquadots – GBL (gamma butyrolactone)

Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in wheat gluten – Pet food

Diethylene Glycol in toothpaste

Melamine in milk and related products containing milk

Ongoing Operations

Safeguard – Pharmaceuticals Safety

IPR & Active Ingredient Qualification and Quantification

Guardian – Import Product Safety

Lead in Toys & Fastener Safety

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Trade Case Study: Country of Origin

U.S. law and policy may prohibit importation, or impose extra duties, on products from certain countries. How would CBP determine country of origin?

Instrumental Approaches to Analysis:

ICP-MS analysis for trace elements Peanuts

Garlic

Honey

Aqua-cultured products - Shrimp

Non Human DNA Seafood

Enumerated Woods

Natural Textile Fibers

Statistical analysis and comparison

Petroleum analysis – trace elements, constituent ratios

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Harmonized Tariff Schedule – A Primer

The HTS comprises a hierarchical structure for describing all goods in trade for duty, quota, and statistical purposes.

This structure is based upon the international Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), administered by the World Customs Organization (WCO); 21 sections, 97 chapters, 6-digit product categories, 8-digit unique U.S. rate lines, and 10-digit non-legal statistical reporting categories.

The physical HTS of the U.S. is almost 6” thick

CBP is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the HTS for the United States.

22



Harmonized Tariff Schedule - Classification

Classification of goods in the tariff schedule is governed by the 6 General Rules of Interpretation (GRIs), where products are placed into one of 97 Chapters

GRIs serve as a guide on how to classify goods when the commodity could possibly be placed in multiple headings.

In many cases, knowledge of chemistry and chemical analysis is necessary to make proper classification determinations on products.

23

HTS Classification – Example Question

An aromatic ether and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives under Subheading 2909.30?

An oxygen-function amino-compound in 2922?

An imide derivative in 2925?

A heterocyclic compound with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only that contains a pyrimidine ring under Subheading 2933.59?

An other heterocyclic compounds containing an unfused thiazone ring under Subheading 2934.10?

Lobeglitazone is a chemical that would be classified in HTS Chapter 29 (Organic Chemicals). Would this be classified as:

24



HTS Classification

Classification Example:

According to GRI 3(c), Lobeglitazone would be classified under Subheading 2934.10 as an “other heterocyclic compounds…containing an unfused thiazone ring”.

GRI 3(c) states “When goods cannot be classified by reference to 3(a) or 3(b), they shall be classified under the heading which occurs last in numerical order among those which equally merit consideration.”

Chemists with in-depth knowledge are critical to classification determinations

25

Classification based upon Laboratory Analysis

White pellets were entered as under subheading 3915.90 as “Waste, parings and scrap, of plastics…other” that would have a “Free” Rate of Duty.

Laboratory FT-IR analysis indicated the product was composed of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) copolymer with no indication of other copolymers.

Since the pellets were composed of a single thermoplastic material, this did not meet the definition of “Waste, parings or scrap”.

The product was re-classified under 3903.30 as “Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers” subject to a 6.5% Rate of Duty.

26



Forensic Activities

Crime scene processing

Latent print examination

Digital forensics

Controlled substance analysis

Sham & Pseudo narcotics production

Canine Enforcement Technical Support

Border tunnel detection

Monitor borders for illicit activity

Partnered with other federal entities

Satisfy Daubert requirements

27

Trade Mobile Operations

Targeted screening and examination of commodities

On-site analysis and technical assistance at ports of entry

Rapid classification of products during commodity blitzes

Metals

Textiles

Chemicals

28



Mobile Border Security Operations

Routine Mobile Operations in

support of armed CBP divisions

Intelligence based deployments

Tunnel detection operations

Traffic accident investigations

and reconstructions

Crime scene investigations

Fingerprint evidence, DNA

evidence, and electronic

evidence collection

29

On-Site & Academy Training

Technical commodity training Basic crime scene investigation Evidence collection and handling Fingerprint processing Narcotic field test kit CBRNE training Detection equipment training International training

Instructors have years of experience training CBP personnel and

Customs & Law Enforcement officers from around the globe

30



ISO Accreditation and Quality System

It is the responsibility of LSS to carry out its testing activities to meet the requirements of the ISO/IEC 17025 Standard and to satisfy the needs of its customers, the regulatory authorities, and the accrediting body.

Quality Control meets the needs of users.

Provides quality that is acceptable, adequate, dependable, and economic

The operational techniques and activities are used to fulfill requirements for quality and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for Accreditation.

Quality Managers (QM) are responsible for the quality system and its implementation. The QM has direct access to the Laboratory Director who is responsible for determining laboratory policy and usage of its resources

31

LSS Information on the Internet

On CBP.gov: http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/trade/basic_trade/labs_scientific_svcs/

Organization

Capabilities

Technical Documents

Commercial Gaugers

Careers as CBP Scientist

Or, use your favorite search engine for “CBP Laboratories”

Job Listings through USAJobs.gov: search for GS-1320 “Chemist” or GS-1301 “Physical Scientist” series for U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

32



Summary and Thanks!

Chemists at CBP play an integral role in protecting our borders and our country while helping to facilitate lawful trade and travel for the United States.

LSS will need to continually expand, adapt, and increase our technical expertise to meet this ever-changing mission

Thank you to the ACS and its members for hosting this webinar!

33

We will start momentarily at 2pm ET




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Have Questions?

Use the Questions Box!

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35

TO DESCRIBE ACS WEBINARS… THANK YOU FOR THE SUBMISSIONS!

Contact ACS Webinars™ at [email protected]

ONE WORD

excellent

entertaining

brilliant

enthusiastic

precise

36





If you enjoy ACS Webinars every Thursday…

please support the program!

37

Find the many benefits of ACS membership!

www.join.acs.org

38

See all of our ACS Webinets on YouTube at

http://bit.ly/acswebinets

“Feeling short on time? ACS Webinets are 2

minute segments that bring you valuable

snippets from some of our most popular full

length ACS Webinars ”

Q: “Hungry for a brain snack?”

A: on

TM

TM

TM



Upcoming ACS Webinars™ www.acswebinars.org


From Academia to Entrepreneurship

Barbara Bry, COO, Blackbird Ventures

Dr. Yu Mike Chi, CTO, Cognionics, Inc.

Dr. Magda Marquet, Founder and Co-Chair, Althea Technologies


Protect Your IP:

A Guide to the Newly Implemented Patent Laws

Mr. Michael Brodowski, Burns & Levinson LLP

Dr. David Harwell, ACS Career Management and Development

Contact ACS Webinars™ at [email protected] 39

$175M

ACS National Meeting New Orleans- LIVE from the comfort of your own home! (Day 1)

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41 RSVP now at RSVP now at http://acswebinars.org/new-orleans-live


Chemists at U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Download the presentation ONE WEEK after webinar:


ACS WEBINARS™ April 4, 2013

Co-produced with ACS Careers

Mr. Chris Mocella

U.S. Customs and Border

Protection Laboratories

Ms. Patricia Simpson

University of Illinois,

Urbana-Champaign