From Kutch to Taskent -Speech - SOAS 26 11 13

8/13/2019 From Kutch to Taskent -Speech - SOAS 26 11 13

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/from-kutch-to-taskent-speech-soas-26-11-13 1/9

Wpaagl iy Nr @mrffq Imhwm

Mt tla Kmucgl f` los Iffb

@YFE BQ!" F MW"B#$

Mt la Wglff% f` Froactm% mc& M`rogmc Wtu&oas' ()mrsoty f` Kfc&fc

Fc *+tl , $f-a.iar */:=

^lmcb yfu Wor Tokkome `fr yfur bocn wfrns. Ot os m pkamsura tf ia mika tf spamb tf

tla Zmbostmc Wfgoaty wlogl O lmva iaac `meokomr wotl `fr emcy yamrs. O lmn

prfeosan Wlmem Lusmoc sfea toea mdf tlmt O wfukn ia vary pkamsan tf tmkb

mifut tla iffb fcga ot wms fut mcn me dkmn tf ia mika tf baap ey prfeosa.

^lmcb yfu mksf tf Nr meas !mrfc mcn tla !actra `fr tla Wtuny f` Zmbostmc `fr

lfstocd tlos avacocd. "mcy yamrs mdf O wms mc ucnardrmnumta mt #!$ ramnocd%cgoact Lostfry. Ot wms cft uctok ey tlorn mcn òcmk yamr wlac wa wara pareottan

tf glffsa mcy lostfry fptofc mt mcy $fcnfc #covarsoty !fkkada tlmt O nosgfvaran

W&%W prfparky ms O fptan `fr mc fptofc oc tla Ocnapacnacga mcn Zmrtotofc f` tla

sui'gfctocact. Ot wms tlac tlmt ey mgmnaeog octarast oc sfutl %somc lostfry ramkky

iadmc mcn `msgocmtocd tlfudl tla Zakfpfccasomc wmr wms( ot wms Zmbostmco

lostfry wlogl ramkky gmudlt ey oemdocmtofc mcn ot wms mt W&%W tlmt iadmc tlmt

mgmnaeog stuny. Ot os tlara`fra wotl dramt pkamsura tlmt O me imgb lara mcn lfpa

tf dova m kottka imgb tf tla pkmga tlmt dmva ea sf eugl.

^la iffb otsak` os iftl m eokotmry mcn nopkfemtog lostfry f` tla )*+, wmr. ^la

wfrb os imsan fc nagkmssoòan pmpars `rfe Tmslocdtfc( %ustoc â-ms tla $ycnfc

flcsfc $oirmry/ tla :mtofcmk %rglovas mt =aw( $fcnfc ms wakk ms Ocnomc mcn

Zmbostmco sfurgas. O lfpa fca nmy tlmt sglfkmrs mra mika tf stuny tla 9ussomc mcn

!locasa mrglovas ms wakk f` gfursa ms tla Ocnomc mcn Zmbostmco fcas wlogl mra

stokk kmrdaky gkfsan. Lfwavar( saeo f`ògomk lostfroas lmva iaac rakamsan mcn O wms

mika tf octarvoaw sfea sacofr mrey f`ògars fc iftl sonas f` tla gfc`kogt. Totl tla

pmssmda f` toea efra mcn efra oc`fremtofc lms aeardan wlogl lms lakpan iuokn

up m ramsfcmiky gkamr voaw f` wlmt ramkky tffb pkmga oc irfmn tares. ^lara mra f`

gfursa dfocd tf ia ùrtlar ravakmtofcs wotl toea iut ot os lfpan tlmt wfrb wokk sat

fut irfmnky wlmt tffb pkmga fc tla imttkaòakn mcn oc tla cadftomtocd rffes f`

wfrkn gmpotmks.

Oc )*+,( Ocnom mcn Zmbostmc wact tf wmr mcn tla gmusa wms rakmtovakystrmodlt`frwmrn7 fvar tla stmta f` =msleor. !feocd >ust )1 yamrs m`tar tla lfrroòg

emssmgras wlogl sgmrran tla ocnapacnacga f` iftl cmtofcs( tla prfspagt f` mc

mkk'fut wmr iatwaac 0 kmrda %somc cmtofcs gmudlt tla wfrkn4s mttactofc. ^los wms

mksf m toea wlac tla <oatcme Tmr wms oc ùkk swocd mcn mksf sffc m`tar tla

=framc wmr.

Ot os strmodlt`frwmrn tf pkmga m nmta mcn toea fc wlac tla wmr acnan7 0?

Waptaeiar )*+, wms wlac tla #cotan :mtofcs spfcsfran gamsaòra gmea octf

a`àgt iut wlac mcn lfw ot iadmc lms mkwmys iaac gfctrfvarsomk mcn rmtlar

eurby. ^lfsa nmtas wokk f`tac napacn fc wlogl sona f` tla =msleor ifrnar fca

kffbs mt mcn tlos wms a-pkfran oc tla iffb.

)



Oc frnar tf ucnarstmcn tla wmr oc gfcta-t( ot os oepfrtmct tf raturc tf iftl tla

imgbdrfucn tf tla =msleor nosputa mcn octarcmtofcmk sotumtofc iftl oc tla ruc up

tf mcn nurocd tla wmr. 8orstky fc tla ossua f` =msleor otsak`. &c tla wocnocd up f`

tla 2rotosl 9m> oc tla sui'gfctocact oc %udust )*;5( fca f` tla kmrda ucrasfkvan

ossuas wms tlfsa f` tla procgaky stmtas. ^lasa wara tarrotfroas wotloc tla sui'

gfctocact wlogl vmroan `rfe tla semkk mcn ocsodcoògmct tf kmrda mcn oepfrtmct. ^lasa wara kadmkky cft gfcsonaran 2rotosl tarrotfry iut f`tac lmn ocnapacnact

tramtoas wotl tla 2rotosl dfvarceact. ^la stmta f` meeu mcn =msleor wms fca f`

tla kmttar7 m tarrotfry f` fvar *3(333 s6umra eokas oc tla cfrtlarc pmrt f` tla sui'

gfctocact7 ifrnarocd tf ots cfrtl !locm mcn ôiat. Oc )*;5 ot wms rukan fvar iy m

Locnu rm>m iut wotl mc fvarwlakeocd "uskoe pfpukmtofc. ^la rm>ms mcn procgas

wara tfkn pfkotaky iut òreky iy tla futdfocd <ogarfy( $frn "fuctimttac( tlmt

ocnapacnacga `fr tlae wms cft m ramkostog fptofc mcn tlay slfukn fpt `fr aotlar

Ocnom fr Zmbostmc tf >foc fcga tla 2rotosl lmcnan fvar pfwar. %kefst mkk non sf iy

%udust )*;5 wotl m àw a-gaptofcs( mcn =msleor wms fca f` tlasa.

Jovac mkk tla ossuas mcn prfikaes f` pmrtotofc mcn ocnapacnacga( tla cawdfvarceact f` Zmbostmc non cft profrotosa tla ossua f` =msleor4s ùtura pfst'

ocnapacnacga iut mppamran tf mssuea dovac tla kfdog f` pmrtotofc tlmt tla stmta

wfukn ia pmrt f` Zmbostmc. ^la òrst proea eocostar f` Ocnom( :alru( iaocd f`

=msleoro nasgact( wms `mr efra mwmra f` tla ossua mcn wms natareocan tlmt tla

stmta slfukn mggana tf Ocnom. ^la rukar f` =msleor sodcan tla mggassofc tf Ocnom

oc &gtfiar )*;5 mcn Ocnom prfeosan tf lfkn m pkaiosgota tf try mcn msgartmoc tla

pafpka f` =msleor4s woslas.

Tlmt `fkkfwan wms mc mrean gfc`kogt iatwaac tla Ocnomc mcn Zmbostmco `frgas iut

fc ) mcumry )*;* m gamsaòra wms mdraan iatwaac tla twf gfuctroas wlogl ka`t

Zmbostmc oc gfctrfk f` mpprf-oemtaky fca tlorn f` =msleor mcn tla Jokdot mdacgy

mcn Ocnom oc gfctrfk f` tla ftlar 0 tlorns ocgkunocd tla gmpotmk mcn =msleor vmkkay.

:f dfvarceact f` Zmbostmc7 aotlar mt tla toea fr socga( lms avar mggaptan tla

mggassofc ms vmkon fr iocnocd mcn cf dfvarceact f` Ocnom7 aotlar mt tla toea fr

socga7 lms iaac sarofusky wokkocd tf gfcgana tlmt tla mggassofc wms mcytlocd

ftlar tlmc kadmk mcn iocnocd. Ocnom4s fcky ramk gfcgassofc lms iaac tf prfpfsa

tlmt tla gamsaòra koca slfukn ia emna tla octarcmtofcmk ifrnar7 tlaraiy mdraaocd

tlmt Zmbostmc gmc ratmoc tla mram wlogl os gurractky ucnar ots gfctrfk mcn wlogl os

tla mram bcfwc ms %Mmn =msleor 8raa =msleor/ mcn Jokdot'2mktostmc radofc.

8fr tla octarcmtofcmk gfeeucoty( pmrtogukmrky tla cawky `frean #cotan :mtofcs(

tla ossua f` =msleor wms fca ots òrst glmkkacdas oc tla pfst wmr wfrkn. %ktlfudl

tla #: non emba sfea a``frts oc tla )*,34s tf sacn raprasactmtovas mcn

nakadmtofcs tf try mcn baap tla pamga( tla twf sonas wara ucmika tf ramgl

mdraaeact mcn tla Zmbostmc sacsa f` droavmcga raemocan. %s tlay smw ot( Ocnom

lmn usan ots suparofr eokotmry `frga tf tmba mcn lfkn mc mram wlogl slfukn ia pmrt

f` Zmbostmc. Ot wms cft soepky m sactoeactmk ossua `fr Zmbostmc7 tla emoc rovars f`

tla Zuc>mi lmva tlaor sfurga oc =msleor mcn Ocnom gfukn mcn lms fggmsofcmkky/

ikfgban f`` tla rovar wmtar7 tlramtacocd Zuc>mi wotl nrfudlt.

&c m wonar strmtadog kavak( Zmbostmc sffc `fucn otsak` m eokotmry mcn strmtadog

mssat oc tla !fkn Tmr. Zmbostmc sodcan up tf #W spfcsfran eokotmry pmgts oc %som

oc tla )*,34s mcn oc raturc ragaovan kmrda sgmka eokotmry mon wlogl acmikan

Zmbostmc cft fcky tf àak iy tla amrky )*+34s tlmt ot gfukn lfkn f`` mc Ocnomceokotmry mttmgb iut mksf pfssoiky avac glmkkacda ot. Ocnom fc tla ftlar lmcn

0



mktlfudl f`ògomkky cfc'mkodcan oc tla !fkn Tmr( iagmea m gkfsa mkky f` tla Wfvoat

#cofc. %pmrt `rfe tla 0 suparpfwars( tla strmtadog akaplmct oc tla rffe wms

!locm I m gfuctry wlogl slmran m kmcn ifrnar wotl iftl Ocnom mcn Zmbostmc.

9akmtofcs iatwaac Ocnom mcn !locm wms `roacnky oc tla )*,34s mcn Zmbostmc wms

voawan iy !locm ms m #W stffda oc %som. Lfwavar( Zmbostmc emna a``frts tf

mssura !locm tlmt tla #W eokotmry pmgts wara cft moean mt tlae mcn Zmbostmcraùsan tf sacn trffps tf òdlt aotlar oc =fram fr <oatcme.

2y tla stmrt f` tla )*+34s tlara wara twf em>fr avacts wlogl slmpan Wfutl

%somc pfkotogs `fr nagmnas tf gfea. Oc )*+3 tla akagtofc f` 8 =accany kan tf m

rampprmosmk f` tla fkn !fkn Tmr pfsotofc f` tla cfc'mkodcan efvaeact iaocd saac

ms sf`t fc gfeeucose mcn Ocnom wms cfw voawan m pftactomk gfuctarwaodlt tf

iftl tla Wfvoat mcn !locasa oc`kuacga oc %som. Gvac efra nrmemtogmkky( oc )*+0

Ocnom mcn !locm wact tf wmr fvar m nosputan ifucnmry koca. ^la wmr wms slfrt

wotl !locm puslocd ms `mr ms tlaor gkmoe wact mcn tlac nagkmrocd m ucokmtarmk

gamsaòra. ^la a`àgt f` tlos wmr wms tf ucota iftl tla suparpfwars ialocn Ocnom

`rfe wlmt tlay pargaovan ms !locasa mddrassofc mcn mksf tf sunnacky embaZmbostmc voaw !locm m pftactomk mkky.

8fr tla ca-t ? yamrs( tla nopkfemtog pfsotofc wms oc m stmta f` `ku-7 Zmbostmc wms

upsat tlmt tla #W stmrtocd suppkyocd eokotmry mon tf Ocnom pfst )*+0 I aspagomkky

ms ot gmea wotl cf strocds mttmglan fr prassura fc =msleor. 8fkkfwocd tla

mssmssocmtofc f` =accany oc )*+?( tla flcsfc mneocostrmtofc gfctocuan tla

pfkogy f` acdmdaeact wotl Ocnom mcn tffb m noe voaw f` Zmbostmc4s oeprfvocd

rakmtofcs wotl !locm.

^la pfkotogmk kamnarslop mcn sotumtofc f` Ocnom mcn Zmbostmc oc )*+, wms lodlky

rakavmct tf tla avacts tlmt wara tf `fkkfw. Zmbostmc lmn iaac rukan iy tla

Jacarmk %yui =lmc wlf lmn gfea tf pfwar oc )*,1 tlrfudl m eokotmry gfup mcnoc mcumry )*+, lmn iaac akagtan prasonact7 mkiaot tlrfudl rmtlar nuiofus

eamcs. ^la Zmbostmco `fraodc eocostar wms ukòbmr %ko 2luttf( `mtlar f` 2acmMor/.

La wms irokkomct mcn `kmeifymct ms wakk ms oepatufus mcn ragbkass. Ocnom fc tla

ftlar lmcn lmn kfst ots proea eocostar socga ocnapacnacga( tla racfwcan :alru

mcn tla caw proea eocstar( $mk 2mlmnur Wlmstro wms ucbcfwc( plysogmkky

ucprapfssassocd mcn uctastan. <osotocd #W nakadmtofcs tf Wfutl %som oc amrky

)*+, raemrban mt tla gfctrmstocd effns oc Ocnom mcn Zmbostmc. Ocnom wms

su`àrocd `rfe `ffn slfrtmdas kamnocd tf rofts( tla agfcfey wms skuddosl mcn tla

mrey efrmka lmn stokk cft ragfvaran `rfe tla !locasa naimgka. Zmbostmc fc tla

ftlar lmcn wms nfocd wakk agfcfeogmkky( lmn cfw navakfpan m `freonmika mrey

wotl sfea f` tla kmtast #W wampfcs( aspagomkky oc mrefur( mrtokkary mcn mor `frgapkmcas. ^la effn wms fca f` sak`'gfcònacga oc Zmbostmc mcn tla eokotmry tfp

irmss wms gfcvocgan tlmt ot gfukn cfw tmba fc Ocnom eokotmroky. ^la sotumtofc

ocsona Ocnomc =msleor mksf saaean tf ia mdmocst Ocnom wotl tla iast bcfwc

=msleoro kamnar( Wlaobl %inukkml iadoccocd tf loct tlmt m pkaiosgota wms caanan.

^la òrst slfts wara òran fc tla sfutlarc ifrnar iatwaac Wocnl oc wlmt wms

tlac Tast Zmbostmc mcn tla Ocnomc stmta f` Ju>mrmt oc mc mram bcfwc ms tla 9mcc

f` =utgl. ^los wms mc oclfspotmika nasart mram7 emocky oclmiotan iy cfemns mcn

f` vary kottka strmtadog vmkua. %ktlfudl tla mram f` =utgl wms ocsona Ocnom( ot wms

tla a-mgt naemrgmtofc f` tla ifrnar wlogl kan tf sboreoslas oc amrky )*+,. ^lasa

wara eokotmroky ocsodcoògmct iut Ocnom wms òdltocd mt m kfdostogmk nosmnvmctmda mstla suppky kocas wara tlrfudl tla nasart mcn baapocd m kmrda cueiar f` trffps

?



fc tla drfucn wms oepfssoika. Zmbostmc fc tla ftlar lmcn lmn trffps camr tla

ifrnar mcn wms mika tf efiokosa irodmnas 6uogbky. Oc %prok )*+, Zmbostmc uppan

tla mcta iy sacnocd oc tmcbs mcn mrtokkary tf gmptura 0 oepfrtmct Ocnomc pfsts.

%ktlfudl tla gmsumktoas wara kodlt( tla Zmbostmcos àkt tlmt gkmslas prfvan tlmt

tla Ocnomcs gfukn cft òdlt `fr kfcd mcn tlay wara efra tlmc m emtgl `fr tla

Ocnomc mrey. Ocnom fc tla ftlar lmcn wms mgutaky mwmra f` tlaor kfgmknosmnvmctmdas mcn iadmc tf efva trffps tf tla Zuc>mi ifrnar tf ratmkomta o`

Zmbostmc gfctocuan ots pusl octf =utgl.

%wmra tlmt tla sotumtofc wms asgmkmtocd( tla 2rotosl Zroea "ocostar Lmrfkn Toksfc

ossuan mc mppamk `fr m gamsaòra mcn f`àran los dffn f`ògas `fr eanomtofc. %yui

wms mwmra tlmt =utgl wms cft wfrtl m dacarmk wmr mcn sf mggaptan tla f`àr7

Wlmstro kobawosa wms mwmra tlmt =utgl wms cft m imttka Ocnom gfukn woc mcn sf

mksf mggaptan tla f`àr. ^la gamsaòra eamct tlmt tla 2rotosl lodl gfeeossofcars

oc Ocnom mcn Zmbostmc gfukn cfw wfrb fc m sfkutofc wlogl wfukn mkkfw m `mga

smvocd mcn kfcd tare acn tf tla =utgl ifrnar nosputa wlogl lmn iaac soeearocd

`fr yamrs. &c ) uky )*+, mdraaeact wms ramglan wlac iftl sonas mdraan tfraturc tf tlaor pfsotofcs ia`fra tla lfstokotoas iadmc mcn grugomkky tf suieot tf

iocnocd mriotrmtofc tf òcmkosa tla pragosa ifrnar. ^la namk wms wonaky nacfucgan

oc Ocnom ms rawmrnocd Zmbostmco mddrassofc mcn Wlmstro4s pragmrofus pfsotofc wms

cft lakpan iy tlos mccfucgaeact. %yui fc tla ftlar wms pkamsan wotl tla namk

mcn nasgroian ot ms m vogtfry `fr gfeefc sacsa. ^la òcmk mwmrn dmva Zmbostmc

sfea a-trm kmcn iut grugomkky ot wms tla kassfcs nrmwc `rfe =utgl iy Zmbostmc

wlogl wara `mr ramglocd mcn wlogl os wly tlos iffb namks wotl tla =utgl aposfna

oc sfea natmok.

^la emoc gfcgkusofc nrmwc `rfe tla gfc`kogt iy Zmbostmc wms tlmt o` ot gfukn

astmikosl m eokotmry mnvmctmda( tla octarcmtofcmk gfeeucoty7 aspagomkky tla #W

mcn #=( wfukn parsumna iftl sonas tf stfp òdltocd sffcar rmtlar tlmc kmtarwlogl wfukn `frga Ocnom tf gfea tf tla cadftomtocd tmika wotl Zmbostmc mt kamst ms

mc a6umk o` cft wotl m skodlt mnvmctmda. ^la fivofus dfmk wms =msleor wlogl cfw

m lmwbosl `mgtofc f` tla Zmbostmc gmiocat mcn eokotmry lodl gfeemcn cfw àkt

wms wotloc drmsp `fr tla òrst toea oc tla aodltaac yamrs socga ocnapacnacga. ^la

`mgt tlmt Ocnom wms wokkocd tf mggapt iocnocd mriotrmtofc fvar sfea smkt emrslas

mcn emy cft lmva iaac sf ramny tf mdraa tf tla stmta f` =msleor wms cft

gfcsonaran mc ocsurefuctmika fistmgka caotlar tla `mgt tlmt Ocnomc trffps oc

=msleor futcueiaran Zmbostmc4s. %yui dmva tla draac kodlt sffc m`tar tla =utgl

aposfna oc )*+, tf natmokan eokotmry pkmccocd tf gfeeacga wlogl wms nasodcan

tf dova Zmbostmc m eokotmry mnvmctmda oc =msleor wotlfut kamnocd tf mc mkk fut wmr

wotl Ocnom.

^la pkmc wms prasactan tf %yui mcn mpprfvan fc )? "my )*+, mt tla lokk stmtofc

f` "urraa. ^la pkmc wms `fr m twf plmsan mttmgb7 plmsa fca wms gfna cmean

&parmtofc Joirmktmr mcn ocvfkvan sacnocd oc tlfusmcns f` kodltky mrean duarrokkms

octf Ocnomc =msleor tf nosrupt tla Ocnomc `frgas tlara mcn tf rmkky tla kfgmk

=msleoros octf emss fppfsotofc mdmocst Ocnom. ^los wms tf ia `fkkfwan iy m

Zmbostmco eokotmry stroba octf Ocnomc =msleor7 moean mt tla strmtadog tfwc f`

%blcur. ^los wms gfna cmean &parmtofc Jrmcn Wkme mcn tla gmptura f` %blcur

wfukn lmva gut f`` Ocnomc trffps oc Wrocmdmr `rfe tla emoc rfmn `rfe Ocnom.

Oc amrky %udust )*+,( Joirmktmr wms kmucglan mcn emcmdan tf tmba tla Ocnomc`frgas iy surprosa. Naspota tlmt mnvmctmda tla duarrokkms sffc ramkosan tlmt tlay

;



wara fut duccan mcn avac wfrsa non cft ragaova tla mssostmcga mcn gf'fparmtofc

`rfe tla kfgmk =msleoros tlmt tlay lmn a-pagtan mcn lfpan `fr. ^la Zmbostmco

dfvarceact koca tlmt tla duarrokkms wara =msleoros wlf lmn rosac up `rfe wotloc

Ocnomc =msleor wms cft iakoavan iy tla #: fisarvars mcn Ocnom ratmkomtan lmrn. %

nagosofc wms emna tf cft fcky rfucn up mkk tla duarrokkms fr ocòktrmtfrs napacnocd

fc fca4s parspagtova iut tf mttmgb mcn gmptura tla rfutas tlay wara tmbocd `rfeZmbostmco gfctrfkkan =msleor octf Ocnomc gfctrfkkan =msleor. &c 01 %udust tla

Ocnomcs gmpturan tla strmtadog pfst f` Lm>o Zor Zmss7 wlogl wms ocnaan m grotogmk

suppky koca `fr tla Joirmktmr `frgas.

^la gmptura f` Lm>o Zor Zmss gmppan f`` tla fivofus `mokura f` &parmtofc Joirmktmr

mcn cfw %yui lmn tf nagona wlac mcn o` tf kmucgl Jrmcn Wkme. Zrassura wms

drfwocd wotloc tla Zmbostmco JLA tlmt o` tlos wms cft kmucglan sffc( Zmbostmc

wfukn ia oc m wfrsa pfsotofc oc =msleor tlmc ia`fra Joirmktmr. %yui lasotmtan `fr

nmys( ucsura wlatlar tf gut los kfssas mcn try mcn ragfvar Lm>o Zor Zmss mcn

ftlar tarrotfry iy nopkfemgy fr wlatlar tf `fkkfw tlrfudl wotl tla mdraan pkmc

mcn sacnocd oc tla lamvy mrefur mcn mrtokkary f` tla Zmbostmc mrey. 8ocmkky mt tlaacn f` %udust %yui dmva tla df mlamn `fr Jrmcn Wme wlogl wms kmucglan fc )

Waptaeiar. Ocnom wms mdmoc tmbac f`` dumrn mcn tla òrst 0; lfurs f` tla mssmukt

wact mkefst a-mgtky mggfrnocd tf Zmbostmco pkmcs. Lfwavar wotl tfwc f` %blcur

wotloc sodlt iy 0 Waptaeiar( %yui mppamran tf kfsa los carva mdmoc mcn Jac

%bltmr "mkob kamnocd Jrmcn Wkme wms frnaran tf lmcn fvar gfeemcn tf mcftlar

dacarmk. ^la glmcda f` gfeemcn mt tlos >ucgtura lms bapt gfcspormgy tlafrosts

oc iusocass avar socga iut ot mppamrs tf ia cftlocd efra tlmc m kfss f` carva iy

%yui wlf wms m`rmon tlmt tla gmptura f` %blcur wfukn kamn tf mc mkk'fut wmr wotl

Ocnom. Ocstamn Zmbostmco `frgas mnvmcgan skfwky tf tla tfwc iut emna cf sarofus

mttaept tf gmptura ot `fr tla ca-t àw nmys.

%yui4s lfpas f` mvfonocd mc mkk'fut wmr wotl Ocnom wara nmslan iy tla Ocnomcnagosofc tf rakoava tla eokotmry prassura oc =msleor iy mc mssmukt fc $mlfra

mgrfss tla octarcmtofcmk ifrnar fc + Waptaeiar. ^los wms tla efeact tlmt

Zmbostmc lmn vary surprosocdky cft prapmran `fr. Naspota tla Ocnomc eokotmry iuokn'

up fc tla Zuc>mi ifrnar tlrfudl tla sueear f` )*+, mcn tla gkamr wmrcocds

`rfe Ocnom tlmt tlay wfukn glffsa tla imttkaòakn o` prfvfban( tla Zmbostmco lodl

gfeemcn noseossan sugl tmkb ms irmvmnf. %s tla Ocnomc mssmukt wms kfndan mt

òrst kodlt ot gmudlt tla Zmbostmco trffps cmppocd I kotarmkky mcn eatmplfrogmkky.

8fr sfea lfurs ot saaean kobaky tlmt Ocnom wfukn gmptura tla goty f` $mlfra ms ot

wms kodltky naàcnan mcn ucprapmran `fr tla mssmukt. ^la Zmbostmco `frgas

lfwavar emcmdan tf radrfup mcn lfkn tla koca su`ògoactky tf gfuctar mttmgb fc 5

Waptaeiar7 puslocd tla Ocnomc `frgas sfea eokas `rfe $mlfra iy 1 Waptaeiar.

^los caw `rfct tlramtacan mc mkk'fut wmr I sfeatlocd wlogl caotlar supar'pfwar

wmctan iut iftl wara ucwokkocd tf >uep octf tla `rmy. ^la 2rotosl urdan mc

oeeanomta gamsaòra mcn !locm wmtglan gmraùkky `rfe tla sona'kocas. Ot wms m

sarofus efeact `fr Wfutl %som wlogl oc tla wfrst gmsa sgacmrof gfukn lmva kan

tf m kfcd m ikffny gfc`kogt. ^la efst oepfrtmct pkmyar tlmcbs tf ots suppky f`

mkefst mkk Zmbostmc4s lmrnwmra mcn meeucotofc wms tla #cotan Wtmtas mcn ot wms

tf Tmslocdtfc tlmt mkk ayas turcan. Zrasonact $ycnfc flcsfc lmn gfcsonaran

%yui m `roacn mcn mc mkky iut lmn iaac mcdaran iy Zmbostmco fvarturas tf !locm

mcn tla #WW9 nurocd tla amrky pmrt f` )*+, mcn ramgtan gffkky tf tla eokotmry

navakfpeacts oc amrky Waptaeiar. Zmbostmc f`ògomkky naemcnan fc + Waptaeiartlmt tla #W lfcfur ots prfeosas tf naàcn Zmbostmc oc tla avact f` Ocnomc

,



mddrassofc wlogl lmn iaac mkkunan tf nurocd vmrofus eokotmry pmgts sodcan oc tla

)*,34s. ^la Zmbostmc dfvarceact bcaw lfwavar tlmt tla eokotmry mssostmcga

pmgts lmn raàrran tf gfeeucost mddrassofc mcn mt ots efst dacarfus( ot gfukn

ia smon tlmt o` Ocnom kmucglan mc ucprfvfban mttmgb fc Zmbostmc tlara lmn iaac

sfea frmk mssurmcgas tlmt tla #W wfukn cft stmcn iy. ^los glmoc f` avacts wlogl

tla %earogmcs gfukn saa gkamrky lmn iaac iaduc iy Zmbostmc usocd tlaor wampfcsmcn avac wfrsa( usocd tla !locasa tlramt tf try mcn `frga Ocnom tf tla

cadftomtocd tmika wms sfeatlocd wlogl ocùromtan flcsfc. 9mtlar tlmc prfvona

mcy mssostmcga( flcsfc frnaran mc mres aeimrdf fc iftl Ocnom mcn Zmbostmc fc

1 Waptaeiar7 m efva `mr efra nmemdocd tf Zmbostmc7 dovac Zmbostmc4s mkefst

gfepkata rakomcga fc #W wampfcs.

ust ms nmemdocdky `fr Zmbostmc( flcsfc nagonan tlmt tla #W wfukn cft tmba mcy

pfkotogmk ocotomtova mcn ocstamn wmctan tla #: tf tmba tla kamn. ^los wms m luda

ikfw tf Zmbostmc ms Ocnom wms sura tf ragaova Wfvoat suppfrt ms m paremcact

eaeiar f` tla Waguroty !fucgok mcn tlos a`àgtovaky eamct tlmt tla Ocnomcs wfukn

ia sloaknan `rfe mcy rasfkutofc tlmt tlay noskoban. 2luttf mcn %yui nagkmrantlaesakvas nosmppfoctan mcn nosokkusofcan iut tla ramkoty wms tlay bcaw tla

tares f` #W mon mcn slfukn cft lmva a-pagtan mcytlocd aksa.

^la wokn gmrn raemocan !locm. %ktlfudl !locm lmn cft iaac pareottan tf tmba up

ots samt oc tla #:( ot lmn tla eokotmry gmpmgoty tf wfrry tla Ocnomcs mcn wms

embocd iakkogfsa cfosas oc suppfrt f` Zmbostmc. ^la prfikae `fr Zmbostmc wms tlmt

cft fcky wara tla !locasa rakugtmct tf iagfea ocvfkvan oc m wmr wotl ots kmrda

caodlifur wotl cf votmk octarast f` ots fwc mt stmba( tlay lmn cft iaac tmbac octf

Zmbostmco gfcònacga ia`fra tla wmr mcn sf wara koeotan oc wlmt tlay wara

prapmran tf nf. %yui sact mc acvfy tf !locm sffc m`tar wmr iadmc tf msb `fr

eokotmry mon iut wms pfkotaky tfkn tlmt mcy ra6uast `fr eokotmry mon wfukn lmva tf

gfea `rfe loe parsfcmkky mcn wfukn cft ia drmctan fc tla imsos f` ocnoragtra6uasts. %yui wms rakugtmct tf nf sf bcfwocd tlmt sugl m ra6uast wfukn eamc

#W mssostmcga wfukn turc tf aceoty.

%yui ocstamn nagonan tf pkmy los kmst eokotmry gmrn7 tla eugl vmuctan Zmbostmco )

%refuran Novosofc gfeprosocd emocky f` #W lamvy Zmttfc tmcbs wms cfw frnaran

tf mttmgb octf Ocnomc Zuc>mi. ^los wms kmucglan fc 1 Waptaeiar mcn mktlfudl

tlara wms cf gkamrky naòcan acn fi>agtova oc tares f` wlogl tfwc wms tla

uktoemta tmrdat( ot wms nasodcan tf pucgl m lfka tlrfudl Ocnomc naàcgas mcn

tlramtac tla Jrmcn ^rucb 9fmn camr %erotsmr. %ktlfudl fc tla òrst nmy( tla

tmcbs emcmdan tf pusl octf Ocnom( tlay wara frnaran tf rast mcn raturc imgb tf

imsa camr tla ifrnar mt codlt`mkk7 tlaraiy surracnarocd tla dmocs tlay lmn emna. ^la ca-t àw nmys smw tla Zmbostmco mrefuran novosofc emba rapamtan mcn

pranogmika mttmgbs mkfcd tla smea trmgbs ms gfvaran amrkoar wotl tla Ocnomc

iagfeocd efra gfcònact oc tlaor miokoty tf tmba fc tla taglcogmkky suparofr

tmcbs. 2y )) Waptaeiar tla mrefuran novosofc lmn kfst sfea emcy tmcbs tlmt

tla f`àcsova wms wakk mcn truky fvar. 8rfe tlmt nmta a`àgtovaky Zmbostmc bcaw ot

gfukn cft cfw fitmoc mcy eokotmry mnvmctmda iy ùrtlar òdltocd. Jovac tla `mgt

tlmt %yui lmn stmban los raputmtofc fc los eokotmry mcn pfkotogmk strmtady

suggaanocd( la àkt la gfukn cft m``frn tf mggapt m gamsaòra wotlfut sfea

octarcmtofcmk mssurmcga tlmt sfea Ocnomc gfcgassofc fc =msleor wfukn ia emna.

Ocnom wms cf effn tf gfcgana mcytlocd mcn mkefst ms tla Zmbostmco mrefuran

mttmgb wms dattocd ucnar wmy sfutl f` $mlfra( Ocnom sact ots fwc mrefurannovosofc octf tla cfrtlarc Zmbostmco Zuc>mi nostrogt f` Womkbft. %ktlfudl tla Ocnomc

+



mttmgb stmrtan wakk( ot wms ucmika tf iramb tlrfudl mcn mktlfudl tla Ocnomc tmcbs

emcmdan tf mvfon tla emukocd tlmt tla Zmbostmco tmcbs lmn ragaovan( tlay wara

sffc ifddan nfwc iy m nfddan naàcga. Gvac tac nmys m`tar tla mssmukt iadmc

Ocnom lmn cft emcmdan tf gmptura mcy em>fr tfwc fr strmtadog fi>agtova. Ot wms

tlara`fra cft uctok )* Waptaeiar tlmt Ocnom iadmc tf mggapt tlmt ot wms cft kobaky

tf dmoc mcy ùrtlar eokotmry mnvmctmda iy òdltocd fc.

^la sgaca cfw slo`tan tf tla #cotan :mtofcs wlara fc 03 Waptaeiar m rasfkutofc

wms pmssan iy tla Waguroty !fucgok gmkkocd fc mc acn tf lfstokotoas iy 00

Waptaeiar. 2luttf mrrovan oc :aw @frb fc 0) Waptaeiar mcn mktlfudl la

tlramtacan iftl m kfcd wmr wotl Ocnom slfukn tla =msleor ossua cft ia rasfkvan

>ustky mcn mksf `fr Zmbostmc tf wotlnrmw `rfe tla #: o` tla frdmcosmtofc non cft

ac`frga m sfkutofc( tla #W wara mwmra tlmt la lmn iaac sact iy %yui wotl

ocstrugtofcs tf mggapt tla gamsaòra gmkk. ^la namnkoca wms skodltky a-tacnan mcn

tla wfrn =msleor mnnan tf tla #: rasfkutofc tf mkkfw sfea Zmbostmc `mga smvocd7

tla oepfrtmct `mgt wms tlmt iftl Ocnom mcn Zmbostmc mggaptan tla #: rasfkutofc

`fr m gamsaòra wlogl gmea octf `frga fc 3?33 ZW^ 0? Waptaeiar.%yui lmn eosgmkgukmtan imnky mcn kfst. Wlmstro lms lakn los carva mcn wfc. ^la

ikmea dmea iadmc ocsona tla Zmbostmco gmiocat mcn JLA wotl 2luttf iaocd

ikmean `fr dovocd `mksa mssurmcgas tlmt Ocnom wfukn cft mttmgb $mlfra fr mgrfss

tla octarcmtofcmk ifucnmry. 2luttf oc turcan ikmean tla dacarmks `fr cft òdltocd

prfparky mcn cft pkmyocd tla !locm gmrn gfrragtky. ^la #WW9 cfw f`àran tf lfst

pamga tmkbs tf acsura tla wmr gfukn gfea tf mc frdmcosan acn. Ocnom mggaptan

tla f`àr oeeanomtaky iut Zmbostmc lasotmtan7 bcfwocd tla Wfvoats wara cavar

dfocd tf mppky mcy sarofus prassura fc Ocnom tf gfeprfeosa fc =msleor.

Tlmtavar tla `mgts( %yui wms cfw `frgan tf dft tf eaat flcsfc oc Nagaeiar

)*+, oc Tmslocdtfc `fr m starc kagtura tlmt Zmbostmc gfukn cft tmba #W mon `frdrmctan mcn tlmt mcy mkkomcga wotl !locm Iavac o` fcky noragtan mt Ocnom( wfukn

pkmga Zmbostmc iayfcn tla pmka ms `mr ms tla #W wms gfcgarcan. flcsfc ikuctky

oc`frean %yui tlmt tla Wfvoat f`àr tf lfst pamga tmkbs oc tla Wfvoat !actrmk

%somc goty f` ^mslbact wms tla fcky f`àr fc tla tmika mcn tla #WW9 lmn ùkk #W

suppfrt. %yui wms cfw ucnar cf okkusofcs tlmt fc dfocd tf ^mslbact wms los fcky

fptofc `fr cadftomtocd mc f`ògomk acn tf tla wmr. Oc amrky mcumry )*++( tla

^mslbact sueeot fpacan mcn ot wms sffc vary fivofus tlmt tla Ocnomcs wara cft

oc tla effn `fr avac tla skodltast gfcgassofc fc =msleor. ^la efst tlmt %yui

emcmdan tf fitmoc wms mc Ocnomc raturc tf tla pfsotofc ia`fra Joirmktmr wlogl

eamct tla raturc f` Lm>o Zor Zmss. ^lara wara cf tmkbs fc tla ùtura f` =msleor

mcn tla Ocnomcs avac raùsan tf lmva ot ms mc mdacnm otae fc tla tmkbs. Ot wmsfcky wotl sfea Wfvoat parsumsofc tlmt tla Ocnomcs mdraan tf tla eactofc f` tla

wfrn =msleor oc tla òcmk nagkmrmtofc. &c )3 mcumry tla ^mslbact Nagkmrmtofc

wms sodcan. ^lara wms f` gfursa misfkutaky cf eaglmcose `fr mcy suppfsan

rasfkutofc tf tla =msleor ossua. %s `mr ms Ocnom wms gfcgarcan( tlara wms cf

=msleor ossua tf nosguss. Zmbostmc lmn troan tf tmba ot iy `frga mcn `mokan mcn

Ocnom wms cft dfocd tf gfcgana fc tla nopkfemtog òakn sfeatlocd Zmbostmc lmn

`mokan tf woc fc tla eokotmry òakn.

Ot wms m efeact f` dramt parsfcmk trouepl `fr Wlmstro wlf lmn gfea wotl gkamr

fi>agtovas mcn gfcganan cftlocd. Lfwavar( tla codlt tla Nagkmrmtofc wms

sodcan( Wlmstro noan oc los skaap7 prfvonocd gfcspormgy tlafrosts wotl yat mcftlar

5



òakn nmy f` spagukmtofc. Ot os mkefst gartmoc tlmt Wlmstro noan f` cmturmk gmusas

iut tla toeocd prfvonan yat mcftlar twost tf tla tmka.

^la wmr lmn fcky kmstan m àw waabs mcn oc tla mwùk gfcta-t f` tla kfcd mcn

ikffny wmrs f` tla 03tl gactury wms 6uogb mcn kodlt fc gmsumktoas. Lfwavar tla

nfeastog mcn octarcmtofcmk rapargussofcs wfukn ia kfcd kmstocd.

8orstky( ot emrban tla kmst toea tlmt Zmbostmc mttaeptan m noragt eokotmry sfkutofc

tf tla =msleor ossua. %ktlfudl cf dfvarceact oc Zmbostmc gmc avar gfcgana tla

procgopka tlmt =msleoros slfukn ia dovac tla rodlt tf sak`'natareocmtofc( fvar

toea %`dlmcostmc lms iagfea m efra prassocd ossua.

Wagfcnky( tla #W'Zmbostmc rakmtofcslop wms cavar tla smea. %ktlfudl Zmbostmc

ragaovan suistmctomk #W eokotmry mcn agfcfeog mon nurocd tla )*134s mcn 03334s

nua tf tla %`dlmcostmc sotumtofc( ot wms koeotan oc cmtura mcn gmraùkky octacnan

cft tf mkkfw Zmbostmc tf avar glmkkacda Ocnomc eokotmroky mdmoc.

^lornky( tla Ocnomc mrey mcn dfvarceact wms su`ògoactky gfcònact f` tlaor

miokotoas tlmt >ust so- yamrs kmtar tlay kmucglan mc mkk fut f`àcsova oc Gmst

Zmbostmc( kamnocd tf tla gramtofc f` 2mcdkmnasl wotlfut àmr f` Zmbostmco tmcbs

ocvmnocd Ocnomc Zuc>mi.

8furtlky( %yui4s pfkotogmk stmtura wms cavar tla smea. %ktlfudl la lakn fctf

pfwar `fr mcftlar àw yamrs( ot wms ms m kmea nugb mcn tla gfcònact swmddar f`

los amrky yamrs wara wakk ialocn loe. ^la emoc iacaògomry f` iftl tla eokotmry

gfc`kogts f` )*+, mcn )*5) wms 2luttf wlf tffb pfwar oc Nagaeiar )*5).

^la ramsfcs `fr Zmbostmc4s `mokura wara cft tff lmrn tf onacto`y. ^lasa waraD

). % gfepkata eosramnocd f` tla octarcmtofcmk ramgtofc tf lfstokotoas. %yui wms

gfcvocgan tlmt tla tlramt f` mc mkk'fut wmr wfukn ia su`ògoact tf lmva mkk tlawfrkn pfwars ucotan oc tryocd tf acdocaar m gamsaòra wlogl wfukn rasukt oc aotlar

sfea mriotrmtofc fc =msleor fr m pkaiosgota. "fst sarofusky tla #W wms mkefst

gartmoc tf oepfsa mc mres aeimrdf mcn cf mefuct f` woslùk tlocbocd slfukn

lmva kan tf mcy ftlar gfcgkusofc. &cga tla #W aeimrdf wms oc pkmga( Zmbostmc

wms soepky òdltocd mdmocst tla gkfgb ms tla #W bcaw tlmt Zmbostmc non cft lmva

efra tlmc ? waabs eokotmry suppkoas.

0. ^la fcky wmy tlmt Ocnom wms dfocd tf avar mdraa tf mcy gfcgassofcs fc

=msleor wms o` Zmbostmc lmn m gkamr eokotmry mnvmctmda wlogl ka`t Ocnom wotl cf

glfoga. Jovac Ocnom4s kmrdar `frgas oc =msleor mcn Zuc>mi( ot wfukn lmva fcky

iaac tlrfudl m ifkn sbokùk eokotmry emcfauvra tlmt Zmbostmc gfukn lmvamgloavan tlos. ^la fcky toea Zmbostmc gmea gkfsa tf tlos wms fc )0 Waptaeiar

wotl tla mttmgb fc %blcur. Lmn tlmt tfwc iaac gmpturan fc 0 Waptaeiar ot emy

cft lmva `frgan Ocnom tf tla cadftomtocd tmika iut ot wfukn lmva gmusan ramk

eokotmry prfikaes `fr Ocnom.

?. %c ucnarastoemtofc f` Ocnomc eokotmry òdltocd gmpmiokoty mcn miokoty. %yui wms

fca f` tla dacarmtofc f` `frear 2rotosl Ocnomc mrey f`ògars mcn lmvocd trmocan

mcn sarvan mkfcdsona Locnu mcn Wobl sfknoars( los rmgost gfeeacts radmrnocd

Ocnomc sfknoars wms mkk tla efra oca-pkogmika. %ktlfudl ot wms trua tlmt Ocnomc

trffps lmn cft `fudlt wakk oc !locm fr oc =utgl tlara wara spagoòg kfgmk ramsfcs

mcn tf nrmw tla wona rmcdocd rmgomk gfcgkusofcs tlmt %yui non wms nmcdarfusmcn slmkkfw.

1



;. :f gkamr eokotmry strmtady. Ot iagmea fivofus wotloc nmys tlmt %yui4s eokotmry

strmtady wms oc `mgt tf mvfon mc mkk fut wmr wotl Ocnom mcn soepky tf tlramtac

Ocnom mcn try tf fitmoc sfea kfgmk mnvmctmdas. ^los wms cavar dfocd tf m

suggassùk strmtady mcn ocstamn ot kan tf Zmbostmc dovocd up ots lfkn fc %blcur

mcn mksf sacnocd ots wakk'a6uoppan mrefuran novosofc octf sudmr gmcas òakns

wotlfut mcy gkamr eokotmry fi>agtova fr tmrdat.

Ot os m `mgt tlmt avac tfnmy oc Zmbostmc tlmt ocstamn f` pafpka ragfdcosocd tla

)*+, ms m rakmtova `mokura oc tares f` cft mgloavocd ots fi>agtova( ot os gakairmtan

wotl sfea prona tlmt Zmbostmc `fudlt f`` m kmrdar Ocnomc mrey oc $mlfra mcn

Womkbft. %ktlfudl tlmt os trua( tlmt wms cft tla ramsfc Zmbostmc pkmccan mcn

iadmc tla wmr. 2ftl sonas lmva tlaor >ustoòan eokotmry larfas iut tla `fd f` wmr

wlogl sf f`tac nasgacns fcga m gfuctry os mt wmr lms stokk cft ùkky ko`tan fc tla

sui'gfctocact fvar tlos wmr Ot os lfpan tlmt tlos iffb( tlmt `fd lms ko`tan m kottka

mcn wokk acgfurmda ftlars tf sloca avac irodltar kodlts oc ùtura tf ko`t ot ùrtlar.

Gcn f`

Nfgueact

*

Documents

From Kutch to Taskent -Speech - SOAS 26 11 13