hIarcl%1920.1 A NEW NON-INTERMITTENT SENSITOMETER. 329 to Dr. W., W. Sleator for the chronographic tests of the timing mechanism and to Mr. Emory Huse for the experimental work in obtaining the sensitometric data given in the latter part of the paper. REFERENCES. ’SPURGE, J. B. Phot. Jour., vol vi, 1881, p. 44; vol. xi, 1887, p. 64. ‘VOGEL, H. W. : “Eder’s Handbuck,” 12, p. 412. ‘LUTHER, R. : Zeit. f. Phys. Chm., vol. xxx, 1899, p. 628. ‘WARNERKE, L. : B. J., vol. xxviii, 1881, p. g6, 108. ‘JONES, H. CHAPMAN: Phot. Jour., vol. xxv, Igor, p, 246. a COWAN, ALEXANDER: B. J., 1880, p. 436. ’ SEBERT, (LE GENERAL) : ~uU. Sot. Franc. Phot., vol. xvii, 1901, p. 459. * BOLTON. W. B. : B. J.. vol. xxxvi, 1889, p. 809, 840. ‘HURTER and DRIFFIELD: Jour. Sot. Clzelrl. Ind., 1890, p. 455 lo SCHEINER, J. : Zeits. Il~strum., 1894, p. 201. *’SFIEPPARD and MEES: Phot. Jour., vol. xxviii, 1904, p. 200. I1ABXE~, W. DE W.: Phot. Jozw, vol. xviii, 1893, p. 56. I3VOGEL. H. W. : I1 SCH~~\RZSCHILD, K. : Asfro. Phys. Jour., vol. xi, p. 92. I5 HOWE, H. E.: Phys. Rev., vol. viii, 1916, p. 674. ‘@RENWICK, F. F.: Phot. Jour., vol. xxxiv, p. 157. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y., September 13, IgIg. French Railroad Construction During the War. (La Natum, January 3, Igzo.)-The war naturally stopped all extensions of railways except those of great importance. There were two new lines completed on the Paris-Lyons-Mediterranean System. The first runs from Frasne, Department Doubs, to Vallorbe in Switzer- land. It shortens the route from Paris to Milan. Though its length is only 15 miles, two considerable difficulties of construction had to be overcome. The marsh of Sainte-Marie had peat and mud to a depth of 200 feet, and was crossed on a filling of rocky material resting on the quagmire, which was forced into waves on both sides of the line. Mont d’Or was pierced by a tunnel more than three miles long. At one place a flow of water amounting to 1300 gallons per second was encountered, and later a second flow of twice the former amount interfered with operations. The other line finished in war time was near Marseilles and completed a second trunk line from Paris to the Mediterranean port. Its outstanding feature is a metallic viaduct across the Lake of Caronte of half a mile length with a turn-bridge at the maritime canal. G. F. S.

French railroad construction during the war : La Nature, January 3, 1920

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Page 1: French railroad construction during the war : La Nature, January 3, 1920

hIarcl% 1920.1 A NEW NON-INTERMITTENT SENSITOMETER. 329

to Dr. W., W. Sleator for the chronographic tests of the timing mechanism and to Mr. Emory Huse for the experimental work in obtaining the sensitometric data given in the latter part of the paper.

REFERENCES. ’ SPURGE, J. B. Phot. Jour., vol vi, 1881, p. 44; vol. xi, 1887, p. 64. ‘VOGEL, H. W. : “Eder’s Handbuck,” 12, p. 412. ‘LUTHER, R. : Zeit. f. Phys. Chm., vol. xxx, 1899, p. 628. ‘WARNERKE, L. : B. J., vol. xxviii, 1881, p. g6, 108. ‘JONES, H. CHAPMAN: Phot. Jour., vol. xxv, Igor, p, 246. a COWAN, ALEXANDER: B. J., 1880, p. 436. ’ SEBERT, (LE GENERAL) : ~uU. Sot. Franc. Phot., vol. xvii, 1901, p. 459. * BOLTON. W. B. : B. J.. vol. xxxvi, 1889, p. 809, 840. ‘HURTER and DRIFFIELD: Jour. Sot. Clzelrl. Ind., 1890, p. 455

lo SCHEINER, J. : Zeits. Il~strum., 1894, p. 201. *’ SFIEPPARD and MEES: Phot. Jour., vol. xxviii, 1904, p. 200. I1 ABXE~, W. DE W.: Phot. Jozw, vol. xviii, 1893, p. 56. I3 VOGEL. H. W. : I1 SCH~~\RZSCHILD, K. : Asfro. Phys. Jour., vol. xi, p. 92. I5 HOWE, H. E.: Phys. Rev., vol. viii, 1916, p. 674. ‘@RENWICK, F. F.: Phot. Jour., vol. xxxiv, p. 157.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y.,

September 13, IgIg.

French Railroad Construction During the War. (La Natum, January 3, Igzo.)-The war naturally stopped all extensions of railways except those of great importance. There were two new lines completed on the Paris-Lyons-Mediterranean System. The first runs from Frasne, Department Doubs, to Vallorbe in Switzer- land. It shortens the route from Paris to Milan. Though its length is only 15 miles, two considerable difficulties of construction had to be overcome. The marsh of Sainte-Marie had peat and mud to a depth of 200 feet, and was crossed on a filling of rocky material resting on the quagmire, which was forced into waves on both sides of the line. Mont d’Or was pierced by a tunnel more than three miles long. At one place a flow of water amounting to 1300 gallons per second was encountered, and later a second flow of twice the former amount interfered with operations.

The other line finished in war time was near Marseilles and completed a second trunk line from Paris to the Mediterranean port. Its outstanding feature is a metallic viaduct across the Lake of Caronte of half a mile length with a turn-bridge at the maritime canal.

G. F. S.