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Frank Palya Ninth Annual Technology for Critical Incident Preparedness Conference and Exposition 2007 Hosted by U.S. Departments of Justice, Homeland Security and Defense November 7, 2007. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Respiratory Protection for the First Responder Community Through Research, Standards
Development and Certification
Frank Palya
Ninth Annual Technology for Critical Incident Preparedness Conference and Exposition 2007
Hosted by U.S. Departments of Justice, Homeland Security and Defense
November 7, 2007
2005 October 26 PSD RBA
Topics of Presentation
NIOSH-National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) Hierarchy and Mission
NIOSH Statutory/Regulatory Authority
Certification
Personal Protective Technology Standards and Participation with other Standards Organizations
Standards Development through Research and Implementation of new Technology
What’s Next?
HHSHHS
CDCCDC
NIOSHNIOSH
NPPTLNPPTL
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
NPPTL: Federal Agency Hierarchy
Office of the Director, NIOSH
Office of Extramural Programs
Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL)
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL)
Located In Pittsburgh, PA
Established in July 2001
Division of Respiratory Disease Studies (DRDS)
Division of Safety Research (DSR) Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD) Education and Information Division (EID) Division of Applied Research and Technology
(DART) Division of Surveillance Hazard Evaluation and
Field Studies (DSHEFS) Office of Compensation Analysis and Support
(OCAS) Research to Practice (R2P) Spokane Research Laboratory
NIOSH
PPT in this context is defined as the technical methods, processes, techniques, tools, and materials that support the development and use of personal protective equipment worn by individuals to reduce the effects of their exposure to a hazard.
NIOSH Personal Protective Technology (PPT) Vision & Mission
The VISION is to be the leading provider of quality, relevant, and timely PPT research, training, and evaluation.
The MISSION of the PPT program is to prevent work-related injury, illness and death by advancing the state of knowledge and application of personal protective technologies (PPT).
Statutory/Regulatory Authority for NIOSH to Issue Respiratory Protective Device Approvals
Authority for NIOSH to approve respiratory protective devices is derived from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 - Authority
Department of Labor; Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); 29 CFR Parts 1910. 132-138 requires employers to provide respirators certified by NIOSH under Title 42 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 84 – Respiratory Protective Devices - Statutory/Regulatory
To date, all existing NIOSH Respiratory Protective Device Standards for Protection against CBRN hazards were developed by Policy - Authority 42 CFR 84.63(c), 84.110 or 84.190
Future Respirator Standards will be developed by Informal Rulemaking (Changing the 42 CFR 84) including future CBRN Standards
2005 October 16 PSD TC
Respirator Certification
Respirator certification
Application processing
Respirator testing and QA Plan evaluation
Post certification
Product and site audits
Respirator equipment evaluations
Title 42 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 84 – Respiratory Protective Devices (42 CFR Part 84)- Regulatory
NPPTL participation with other Standards Developing Organizations (SDO) such as- Public outreach
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
International Standards Organization (ISO)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM)
Consensus Standards
Created by SDOs
Standards Setting Committees with balanced representation:
Users • Labor • Government
Academia • Subject Matter Experts
Personal Protective Technology Standards Participation
Workshops/Committee Meetings
NIOSH-DOD-OSHA Chemical-Biological Respiratory Workshop & Report (March 1999)
Interagency Board (IAB) and DHS adoption of CBRN Respirator Standards
Inter Agency Agreements (IAA): Cooperation among NIST, RDECOM, OSHA, NIOSH, NFPA, and DHS
IAA’s with NIST and DOD’s RDECOM
Initial and continuing funding from NIST-NIJ/NIST-DHS/CDC
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): RDECOM support for specific testing
CBRN Standards Development
2005 October 16 RES HA
Sequential Process
Hazard analysis
Protection determinations
Human and environmental factors
Standards concept paper (Public Meetings)
Test requirements benchmarked
Standard Test Procedure (STP) development, testing, and methodology validation
Research to Development of CBRN Standards
Hazards from a CBRN Terrorism Event
Respiratory Hazards for First Responders (Law Enforcement, Fire, EMT and others) / First Receivers (Medical Community) were not well defined
Potential Hazards include Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) materials:
Chemicals include Toxic Industrial Chemical (TICs) and Traditional Military Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA)
Thousands of CBRN materials with different toxicities, quantities and physical and chemical properties that is a challenge for respiratory protection mechanisms
Concentrations of the CBRN agent is not characterized at the terrorist site:
May lack detection equipment for characterization
Toxicity data for CBRN agents are unknown
There is no known carbon that can absorb/adsorp every chemical
Hazard Analysis and Selection
A hazard analysis was performed that identified the most likely CBRN agents and estimated contaminant concentration profiles for likely CBRN Terrorist venues with two CWA (GB and HD) and several TICs.
In an effort to reduce the number of certification tests necessary for the CBRN standard, 139 respiratory hazards were categorized into families.
Test representative agent(s) (TRA) required for each family of agents.
Biological and radiological agents are addressed as part of the particulate agent family and requires P-100 media.
2005 October 16 RES HA
Special CBRN Performance Requirements
Note: CBRN respirators meet advanced performance, design and quality standards, including special CBRN tests
Requirements for All CBRN Respirators
Live agent tests (LAT)
System testing against GB (Sarin) and HD (distilled sulfur mustard)
Laboratory Respirator Protection Level (LRPL)
Quantitative corn-oil, fit-factor test using human test subjects
Requirements for CBRN Air Purifying Respirators
Canister gas life tests
Address high physiological demand protection for multiple respiratory hazards
139 respiratory hazards were categorized into families
10 Chemical Test Representative Agents plus DOP for particulate Testing
Human Factors
Speech Intelligibility, Fogging, Field of View
2005 October 16 RES HA
Technology Employed to test the CBRN LAT Requirements
Live Agent Testing (LAT)
Respiratory systems are challenged with chemical warfare agents, Sarin (GB) and Sulfur Mustard (HD), using a Simulant Agent Resistant Test Manikin (SMARTMAN) while functioning
2005 October 16 RES HA
Technology Employed to test the LRPL Requirements
Laboratory Respirator Protection Level (LRPL)
Quantitative corn-oil, fit-factor test using human test subjects
2005 October 26 PSD RBA
CBRN Respirator Standards
CBRN Standards Completed by Policy
Open Circuit SCBA – January 2002 Open Circuit SCBA Upgrades – March 2003 Air Purifying Respirator / Gas Mask – March 2003 Air Purifying Escape Respirator – October 2003 Self Contained Escape Respirator – October 2003 Powered Air Purifying Respirator – October 2006
CBRN Standards in Development Under Rulemaking
Supplied Air Respirator Closed-Circuit SCBA Combination SCBA/PAPR or SCBA/APR
2005 October 26 PSD RBA
What’s Next? Increase national inventory of respirators by testing and
evaluating CBRN respirators when applications are submitted to NIOSH
Continue to increase capacity for testing (e.g. LRPL, LAT)
Develop CBRN standards for supplied air respirators, closed circuit SCBA and combination units via rulemaking
Continue involvement with national and international SDOs (NFPA, Canadian Standards, BSI, ISO, etc.)
Develop CBRN guidance documents
NIOSH-NPPTL is Participating with NIJ on the CBRN Ensemble Standard Special Technical Committee to address PPE needs of Law Enforcement
NPPTL will continue with PPT research related to Respiratory Protection, Human Performance, Sensors and Ensembles
2005 October 26 PSD RBA
Quality Partnerships Enhance Worker Safety & Health
Visit Us at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/default.html
Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.