Fra Risale-i Nur Værksamling MENNESKEHED TRO Og ISLAM af Bediuzzaman Said Nursi

7/30/2019 Fra Risale-i Nur Vrksamling MENNESKEHED TRO Og ISLAM af Bediuzzaman Said Nursi

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Aze Zhvelb+h Nrz Qz`veklhnc

KBNNBV@BOBDTZGGc

HVLEK

ea

Jbdhryyeken Vehd Nrzvh


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@` VylbzDenhkez`e Tbzfkbvh

Nbzbdbn9

OLV NRZ NBZXETVenexh Thfezbt Ltd. th.

Veneh Fed. Veneh Oen EJlg`Ng9 :6'18 RlrvEN@EZE

Tbl9 +8=/65:( 6:4 :3 =8 Ae`v9 +8=/65:( 6=8 56 =2Sbj9sss.nrz.sbj.tz

bkehl9nrzMnrz.sbj.tz

HVJN 832?3?2232

En`eze:==1

OLEV NRZ NBZXET


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HNTZGDR@THGNKrvlhkv`b jzdzb gc vvtzb. H jed gk zd, v lt thl

bt }ez vendobdbz, dbz lhccbz h db alcbndb ellbcgzhbz. De Hbz vgldetbz, qhl ibc rdtz``b dbk cbnnbk khltzbjbczbjbz.

DBT AZVTB GZDQzdhbn ea Jhvkhlleo

Jhvkhlleo /h Crdv Neqn( bz jbcxndblvbn } ellbcgdb thnc, v qh qhl jbcndb kbd dbt. Dbnnb qblvhcnbdbqbndhnc bz bt `bndbtbcn agz Hvlek, gc dbn jlhqbz`gnvtent zbfhtbzbt ea ellb vèjnhncbz cbnnbk db v}zgc,dbz vtz thl dbzbv zdhcobd. Oqhv ken qhl aettb dbnv

rrdtkkblhcb `hldb thl vtz`b gc qblvhcnblvb, de tn`gqbz alcbndb ellbcgzh9

Db, dbz zbivbz h db ezejhv`b z`bnbz, vèl zbivbrndbz bn vtekkboqdhncv neqn gc jbv`ttblvb, bllbzv qhldb jlhqb jbvqzbt kbd jendhttbz gc jlhqb rdb eavtend thlet vèaab agzndbnobdbznb thl zbivbn. Dbz qez tgkbnnbv`bz,5 dbn bnb dkc, dbn endbn ezzgcent, dbz

5

@gzenbn aevtvlz9 Ibc vèl h``b thlledb et ngcbn ea ibzbvcbznhncbz cz thl v}hldb, oqedbntbn ea bn kend bllbz bn `qhndb0 Hbz ea ohnendbn /69582(. Dbt vtz `lezt et Hvlek h``bdhv`zhkhnbzbz kbllbk knd gc `qhndbz h zblhchv envqezlhcobd.@nnbnb dblbv gk db albvtb envqezvgkzdbz0 kbn oqbzt oezjbvtbktb envqez, dbz bz vzlhcb agz dbt. @gzenbn jzrcbzvdqenlhcqhv dbn kev`rlhnb agzk agz obnqbndblvb, agz dbt bz bt


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dzgc rd } bn zbivb. Dbn dkcb vèaabdb vhc neqnbt }bn vtekkboqdhnc0 dbt cigzdb dbn ezzgcentb h``b. Dbnazvtb zbivtb gqbzelt h vh``bzobd, gc oqhv oen kdtb bnjendht, vecdb oen jlgt9 Ibc zbivbz h neqnbt } dbngcdbn oqdhnc, gc jlbq vlbdbv ledt h azbd. Oen jlbqjboendlbt kbd zbv}b`t h oqbzt bt tblt, oen tzdtb hnd h.Dbn ezzgcentb, dbzhkgd, lbd rndbz `gnvtentb ètevtzgabzgc azct, agz oen jlbq ndt thl et `k}b gc thccb gk

oqbzt bnbvtb jbogq. Oen jlbq tezqblhc gc nbdzhc.o, dr ezzgcentb vil% Dr bz dbnnb zbivbndb, gc

dbnnb qbzdbn bz z`bnbn. Dhn vqecobd gc aetthcdgk bzrdbn bndb, gc db aibndbz gc veqn, vgk dr bz rdvet agz bztellvb. ]èld dbzagz neqnbt } dbn Bqhcb Bibz gcBqhctqezbndb Obzv`bz ea dbnnb qbzdbn, agz `rn dbttbèn czb dhc azh aze vdent thccbzh gc encvt.

Jhvkhlleo bz bn qblvhcnbt vèt. Qbd et jhndb dhc thl

dbn Elkcthcb gc Rbndblhcbv rbndblhcb @zeat gcJezkoibzthcobd, gkdennbz dbn dhn jrndlvb vqecobd gcaetthcdgk thl dbn kbvt ectbdb kclbz qbd OenvG}oibdb Dgkvtgl. Nz dr vhcbz Jhvkhlleo, oendlbz dr hOenv neqn. Dr bz vgk bn vgldet, dbz oendlbz h vtetbnv

ea dbt ezejhv`b v}zgcv vz`bndbz. Dbn kev`rlhnb agzk jzrcbv} nvtbn ellb v}zgc gk bn czr}}b, dbz jbvtz ea jdb knd

gc `qhndbz. lhcbvgk dbt bncblv`b gzd ken`hnd, dbz hndjbaettbzjdb knd gc `qhndbz. V jzgdbzvèj hndbogldbz gcvvvtbzvèj, gc de db tzgbndb jbvtz ea jdb kendlhcb gc`qhndblhcb tzgbndb, bz db tzgbndb jzdzb gc vvtzb. Kbn agz etjhjbogldb dbn gzhchnelb tb`vt gc rndc cbntecblvbz, qhl qhngzkelt h``b nqnb db abkhnhnb agzkbz h gqbzvttblvbn./Gqbzv.(


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obdb. Dhvvb zbelhtbtbz hzzhtbzbz netrzagzv`bzbn. Db}zh``bz bn ahncbz hnd oenv ib, dbz hntbt vbz, gc vhcbz9Dr oez v kbcbn thllhd thl ozdobd gc obdb, ellhcbqbledlxdbz db dbn Crddgkkblhcb Jbaelhnc.

Dbzagz edldbz oqbz bn jld ahjbz h bn }lentbvzddbz, lhcbvgk Kgvbv vteq9 Gc Qh vecdb9 Go Kgvbv, vlthl `lh}}bn kbd dhn vteq /:91=( gc tzncbz cbnnbk`lh}}bn. Oqbzt veztb, }e}hztndb jled, lhcbvgk bt eaEjzeoekv lbkkbz, zbfhtbzbz9 Go hld, jlhq `lhcobd gc

azbd/:5918 agz et tzgdvb dbn hntbnvb obdb.

Ellb thnc vhcbz jhvkhlleo hndbnh gc chqbz gv Crdvceqbz h Oenv neqn. Dbzagz v`rllb qh gcv vhcb jhvkhlleo,chqb gc tecb h Oenv neqn, gc h``b tecb hkgd ngcbt aze db,dbz h``b chqbz h Crdv neqn.

V]ZCVKL9 Qh jbtelbz agl` agz oqed db bndjzhncbz gv, gk db v jlgt jzbz je``bznb. Oqhl`bnjbtelhnc agzlencbz Crd, dbzbv bcbntlhcb Bibz, ea gv7

VQEZ9 Dbn bcbntlhcb Chqbz ea ellb `gvtjezb v`ettbgc cgdbz, vgk qh ndbz, `zqbz tzb thnc9 hor`gkkblvb,te`vhcblvb gc zbalb`vhgn. Et vhcb jhvkhlleo h jbcndblvbnbz bn kdb et orv`b }, gc et vhcb el+oekdr lhlleo/lgq}zhvnhnc gc te` thl Crd( qbd vlrtnhncbn, bz bn kdbet vhcb te` }. Zbalb`vhgn jbtdbz et qh elthd bzg}kz`vgkkb }, gc tn`bz gqbz db zhcb gc cbnhelb

ceqbz, qh kgdtecbz vgk khze`lbz aze dbn HBqhcobdeaellbBatbzvtzjtbv @zeat gc vgk ceqbz aze OenvJezkoibzthcobd.

Oqhv dr `vvbdb ondbn } n, dbz jzectb dhc bn`gvtjez ceqb, rdbn et bz`bndb dbn qhz`blhcb eavbndbz


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/`gncbn(, qhllb dr jbc bn azctblhc abil. Et }zhvb gc blv`bdbn, dbz thlvnbledbndb chqbz gqbzalgd, kbnv kenclbkkbz dbn qhz`blhcb Chqbz ea Gqbzalgd, bz lenct qzzb.Go vil% Oqhv dr qhl rndc dbn vlecv tjblhcobd, de chqgc kgdtec h Crdv neqn. Jbcxnd, gc oendl oblt thlvlrtnhncbn, h Oenv neqn. Dbt qhl qzb ng` agz dhc.

Dbt Aigztbndb Clhktv endbn vtethgn

Ibc rdlccbz vb`v ea db rtllblhcb kvtbzhbz hjevkele9 H Crdv Neqn, dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbnNdbzhcb.: Vblqgk dbt vzlhct bz obnqbndt thl khc vblq,`eldbz ibc dbt agz Dbt Aigztbndb Clhktv endbn vtethgn.K dbt ceqnb dbk, vgk ibc bz agzjrndbt kbd ndblhct gcoqhv vilb bz qhvbzb bnd khn. ]vtendbn zzbz oibztbtvnezbzb bnd vhndbt, gc vcbz et thlazbdvvthllb ndbnazbkagz et tecb obnvn thl zethgnbllb jbqhvbz.

H Elleov Neqn,

dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb.

: Bt `lezt lv aze jevkele, qbdzzbndb CrddgkkblhcJezkoibzthcobd, jbzztb kht r`lezb vhnd lenct jgztb aze. Ibcqhllb nbdv`zhqb dbt vgk ngtbz, gc dbz} iectb gc veklb dbtv lv h:= thl :6 vb`thgnbz ea Kxvtbzhbz. Dbvqzzb oez ibc h``b qzbt hvtend thl dbttb bndnr, gc khnb := thl 6= bz jlbqbt zbdrfbzbt thl 1.


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PDzgnnhncbn [ vecdb9 Oqdhncb, ibc oezkgdtecbt dbttb jzbq, dbz bz zbv}b`t qzdhct.Dbt bz aze Velgkgn, gc lxdbz9 H Crdv Neqn,dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb /:39:86=(

AZVTB KXVTBZHB9 Dbz bz tzb vtbk}lbz }Obzzbdkkb, dbz bz tz`t hnd } rnhqbzvbtv envhct,Igzdbnv gc kbnnbv`bobdbnv. Db bz hndbnh ohnendbn gcoqbz jzbz bt knvtbz ea db endzb9

CRDDGKKBLHCCOBD9 Qh vbz dbttb h dbn kdb,oqgz} ellb bnobdbz h rnhqbzvbt oil}bz ohnendbn gcezjbidbz vekkbn, vekt h dbzbv cbnbzbllb agzjrndbtobdgc kgdvqezhcobd. Zbabzbnfbn bz H Crdv Neqn.

CRDDGKKBLHC JEZKOIBZTHCOBD9 Dbttb vbzqh h cbnvhdhcobd h agzk gc lhcobd, gzdbnbn gc oezkgnhbngc dbn ndb gc kbdalblvb, dbz lhccbz h agzdblhncbn,azbkeqlhncbn gc edkhnhvtzethgnbn ea }lentbz gc dz.Zbabzbnfbn bz dbn Jezkoibzthcb, h H Crdv Neqn, dbnJezkoibzthcb.

CRDDGKKBLHC NDB9 Qh vbz dbttb hvrjthlhtbtbznb h Crddgkkblhc Cgdobd, db alvgkkb

irvtbzhncbz ea Crddgkkblhc Khldobd vekt dbnCrddgkkblhcb Ndbv v}zbdtb lv obngqbz qgz bcbngkaettbndb netrz. Zbabzbnfbn bz dbn Ndbzhcb, h HCrdv

Neqn, dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb.

Vlbdbv bz jevkele dbt obllhcb rdtz` agzCrddgkkblhc Bnobdv tzb vtbk}lbz. Db rdcz bn lvbndblhnhb } rnhqbzvbtv vhdb, bn zgjrvt vtttb gc bn cldbntzd. V}hdvbn eajevkele, jbnjezbt aze gqbngqbz gv,oqhlbz } kbnnbv`bobdbn, bn khnhetrzb ea rnhqbzvbt gc


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dbtv azrct. Jevkele agzjhndbz qbzdbn kbd dbnCrddgkkblhcb Tzgnb gc bz bn tze}}b agz qgz g}vthcnhncdbzthl.

ENDBT KXVTBZHB9 Dbn Crddgkkblhcb Bnobd bztdblhc h dbn cznvblvb kencagldhcobd eahndhqhdrelhvbzbdb vèjnhncbz. Agz et vhndbt h``b vèljlhqb gqbzjblevtbt, cbntecbz @gzenbn, hdbt dbn bz btkhze`bl ea rdlcnhnc, oblb thdbn kenhabvtethgnbn eaBbtobd6 hndbnh Bnobd kenhabvtethgnbn ea btCrddgkkblhct Neqn } ellb qvbnbz.

Tn` gqbz alcbndb enelgch9 Vglbn gkvlrttbzrtellhcb thnc h vht lv. Kbn oqhv qh qhllb aevtogldbtgtelhtbtbn ea dbnv lv, qhllb qh a jzrc agz bn rkdblhctrdqhdbt qbzdbnvjhllbdb gc bz`bndblvbvvazb. V agz etvglbn h``b vèl jlhqb clbkt, zbalb`tbzbz ellb v`hnnbndbcbnvtendb dbnv bcbnvèjbz /lv gc qezkb( v cgdt, db

èn, gc kenhabvtbzbz vlbdbv dbnv vglobd. Dbnnbkenhabvtethgn jlhqbz qbndt gk, agz dhvvb bcbnvèjbz/qezkb, lv gc aezqbv}b`tzbt( gkvlrttbz db cbnvtendb,vglbn bz qbndt kgd.

] vekkb kdb vgk Crdv Bnobd, et Oen bz BqhctBatbzvtzjt gc Oenv Crddgkkblhcb Neqnb kenhabvtbzbvh ellb thnc, hvz h jbqhdvtb qvbnbz gc h vzlhc czed h qgzv}billhcnbndb netrz, hndjbaettbz oqbzt CrddgkkblhcbNeqn, dbz bz zbletbzbt thl vèjnhncbz, ellb vèjnhncbz

cbnnbk Crddgkkblhc Bnobd. Vlbdbv dzecbz @gzenbn`gnvtent qgz g}kz`vgkobd obn kgd dbt vtbk}bl ea

6 Bbtobd9 @gnfbntzethgnbn ea db Crddgkkblhcb Neqnbvkenhabvtethgnbz } bbn thnc.


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Crddgkkblhc Bbtobd hndbnh Crddgkkblhc Bnobd, agzh``b et qgzt vhnd vèl jlhqb gqbzjblevtbt ea Bnobd gc qgzboibztbz h``b jlhqb jlhndb gqbzagz dbn Zbnb gc ObllhcbBvvbnv. Jevkele }bcbz } db tzb qhcthcb ev}b`tbz ea dbnCrddgkkblhcb Bnobdv vtbk}bl.

TZBDIB KXVTBZHRK9 Crddgkkblhc Jezkoibzthcobd az rnhqbzvbt thl et cldb vhc. Dbn chqbz lhqbtv gclvbtv cnhvt thl kz`b bnobdbz, gc nzbz gc g}agvtzbzvèjnhncbz, dbz `k}bz kbd dbzbv bndblvb jbogq. Dbtaz rnhqbzvbt thl et vtzb kgd kbnnbv`bobdbn, lhcbvgk bttz jlhqbz vtzbt kgd dbtv azrct, gc et v`ndb vhc thl qgzoil}. Dbn aldbz gc g}lvbz dbt jrndlvb zrk, bn bllbzvtgk gc db qbzdbn, gc az dbn thl et cldb vhc. DbnCrddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobd rd}bcbz thllhcb bqhcobdbn gc zencbn } dbn vèjnhnc, dbz jlhqbz thltelt gcblv`bt ea dbn Bnb, Bqhcb az gc batbz bqhcobdbn.

Batbzvgk Crddgkkblhc Jezkoibzthcobd bz v`zeatarld bn vendobd, v hndjdbndb, khld, oil}vgk gcqzdhc thl `zlhcobd, vhc9 H Crdv Neqn, dbn

Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb. Ogld aevt h dbnnb vendobd gcjlhq zbddbt aze bndblv blbndhcobd gc nd. Tz` dhc nzdbn Vrqbznb, Bqhc az gc batbz bqhcobdbn, gc jlhq dbn,Oen obnqbndbz Vhc thl, bz qbn kbd gc blv`bz.

Oqgzagz veklbv ellb qvbnbz gk`zhnc kbnnbv`bobdbn kbd obnvhct gc agzrdvbbnobd gc hlbz kbd et

g}aldb qgzb jbogq kbd arld`gkkbn gzdbn gc ndb7@en db cbn`bndb gv gc dbzagz hlbz gv thl oil} vhzzethgnblt, dbttb bnd agzb`gkkbz h kencb obnvbbndbz,rkrlhct7 Bllbz oez qh, dbz bz rdbn `zeat, `zeatbn aze dbnkcthcvtb, ejvglrttb obzv`bz7 Bllbz nz dbnnb oil} gv


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qhe cbn`bndblvbn ea dbn Bnb Ejvglrt @zeatarldb jec dbtvxnlhcb rnhqbzvv vlz7 Ellb endzb qvbnbz cbn`bndbz gv} czrnd ea et dbn Bnb, Elqhdbndb gc Ndbzhcb `bndbzgv gc cbn`bndbz gv.

Tn` gqbz alcbndb9 Oqgzden v`rllb dbn Keibvtthv`b, Vgk az ellb qvbnbz thl et qbndb vhc thl ibz kbdondbznb vtze`tb rd agz et oil}b ibz, h``b qhdb, vb bllbzqzb g}kz`vgk } ibz, nz H bz h nd7 Oen lzbz ibz,et Oen `bndbz ibz cbnnbk Vhn Jezkoibzthcobd. V `bndOek gc qhv h zjdhcobd, et dr cz dbt. Agzvt kbdgqbzjbqhvnhnc et dbn Crddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobdvvendobd rndbzlccbz ibz rnhqbzvbt thl ibzbv tibnbvtb,vblqgk H bz bt lhdbn, alcthc, eldblbv vqecblhc, `zeatlv gcndlhdbndb v`ejnhnc.4

Vden bn Jezkoibzthcobd `zqbz tgtel gc g}zhcthcte`nbklhcobd, vqbl vgk zlhc gc hozdhc zjdhcobd.

Vhc9 H Crdv Neqn, dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb, dbzrdtz``bz gc agztgl`bz vdennb alblvbz. Cz dbt thlkhdlbt thl et a edcenc thl Oenv Jezkoibzthcobd, bnkclbz gc edqg`et qbd dbn Jezkoibzthcbv Zbt.

Dbn Crddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobdv thlvtbdbqzblvbgc e`trelhtbt bz lhcbv tdblhc vgk vglbn. Bn cgjblhn kbdbt knvtbz h fbntzrk qqbv qbd et }lefbzb gc v`hatbqhvjzrcb qez}bn gc hvlttbt gc dbz} veklb dbk h fbntzrk.] vekkb qhv qqbz db lvbndb tzdb, dbz rdvtzlbz aze

kenhabvtbzbndb Crddgkkblhcb Neqnb bt vbcl ea vdenkbdalblvb, bn cgjblhn ea v qbnlhc khldobd, bt knvtbz ea

4 Crddgkkblhc Jezkoibzthcobd hndbjzbz dbvrdbn/Crddgkkblhc( Qhvdgk, Xndb, Qhdbn gc @zeat.


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vden bn cgdobd hndbnh h Jezkoibzthcobdbnv vtbk}bl, etdbtv hndtz` } vhndbt bz kbzb v`hnnbndb bnd vglbn.

Dbn Ndhcb Jezkoibzthcb, Vgk az elthnc thl et tibnblhqbt0 Vgk dbkgnvtzbzbz Vhn Kbdalblvb h vblqg}gazblvb,dbn b`vtzegzdhnzb vdkb h kbdalblvb, ea kgdbzvèj h}lentbz gc dz0 Vgk rndbzèvtbz dbt jbvilbdb lhq thlkbnnbv`bobdbn gc qhvbz qgz jbtdnhnc gc vtetrv vgk dbtahnbvtb gc kbvt blv`blhcb qq aze dbt Crddgkkblhcb

Obzvèj vqbl vgk Oenv Jezkoibzthcobdv v`hnnbndb lvdbnnb Bnb oez, } czrnd ea Vhn kencbl } jbogq, cigztVhn Jezkoibzthcobd thl dbn effb}tejlb kclbz agz Oenvjbqhdvtb qvbnbz gc kbnnbv`bobdbn.

Oqhv ken bz qhz`blhct kbnnbv`blhc, vhc9 Gokbnnbv`bobd9 H Crdv Neqn, dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn

Ndbzhcb. Lbd batbz, gc ahnd dbn kclbz. Hntbt endbtbnd Crddgkkblhc Jezkoibzthcobd chqbz lhq, nzbz gcedkhnhvtzbzbz elt }lentb gc dzblhq. Dbn gqbzvbz hntbtbllbz jlendbz thncbnb vekkbn0 kbn g}agvtzbz oqbz hvz} dbt zbttb thdv}rn`t gc h arld`gkkbn gzdbn, qhvdgk gccgdobd. Dbz} }zbvvbz dbn dbn Crddgkkblhcb BnobdvVbcl } Igzdbnv gqbzaledb. Lhcbvgk dbn CrddgkkblhcbJezkoibzthcobdv b`vhvtbnv bz lhcbv vh``bz vgkb`vhvtbnvbn ea Igzdbnv vèjnhncbz, bz oqbz vèjnhncgcv bt jbqhv.

Jezkoibzthcobdbnv gc dbn Crddgkkblhcb BnobdvVbcl bz }zbvvbt hnd } Igzdbn gc } kbnnbv`bobdbnvnetrz. Dbn Jezkoibzthcobd, qh bz vtbk}lbt kbd, bz h``bkhndzb bnd dbn Ndb gc Jezkoibzthcobd, rnhqbzvbt bzvtbk}lbt kbd. Qgz netrz bz gkaettbndb, batbzvgk qh bzqqbnv fbntbz gc ag`rvbzhncv}rn`tbt agz db Crddgkkblhcb Neqnb.


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Oqgzden `rnnb Dbn Bnb, Vgk chqbz dhc dbttbenvhct, Vgk }zbvvbz Jezkoibzthcobdbnv vtbk}bl gcBnobdbnv vbcl hnd } dbt, gqbzledb dhc thl dht bcbtagzcgdtjbahndbndb7 Oqgzden v`rllb Oen `rnnb zbcnbdhc agz hntbt, h``b tecb obnvn thl dhnb oendlhncbz, gcvlbdbv czb oblb vèjblvbn, dbz bz vtzbt kgd dhc,kbnhncvlv gc tgk7 Oqgzden `rnnb Oen ledbVèjblvbnv Tz jlhqb qzdhlvt gc zdnb kbd

obnvcnbndb azrctbz7 Qhllb Oen ledb VhnJezkoibzthcobd jlhqb nctbt, nz dbn bz lhcbv tdblhcvgk vglbn, gc Oenv Qhvdgk, dbz bz v `lez vgk lv7Hncbn ea dbk èn jbtqhqlbv bllbz envbv agz et hndbogldbngcbn abil.

Ken èn vthcb g} thl dbn CrddgkkblhcbJezkoibzthcobdv tzgnb qbd H Crdv Neqn, dbn

Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb. A bn hdb gk dbnv qhcthcobdqbd et vb } jbcndblvbn } oqbz vrze /è}htbl( h@gzenbn, ellb lvbqzdhcb jcbz gc cgdb oendlhncbz. Btvtz`t ezcrkbnt agz dbnnb vtnhncv vtgzobd, bn vtgzobd,Oen oez aevtlect, bz bn `gkkbntez ea Hkek Voeahh29Vblqgk Jevkele bz bt bn`blt qbzv, jlbq dbn jbnjezbt554 cencb h @gzenbn.

2 ElVoeahh /d. ?:=(9 Krvlhkv` lgq`xndhc, czrndlccbzbnea Voeahh lgq v`glbn. Oen rdqh`lbdb bn nx vxntbvb hndbnagz

hvlekhv` irzhdhv` tn`nhnc. Db albvtb ea hdbbznb qez qbl`bndtb0kbn oen vtzr`trzbzbdb dbk } bn n kdb. Oen jbvàthcbdbvhc ogqbdvecblhct kbd oqed `hldbznb thl dbn hvlekhv`b lgq qez gcoqgzlbdbv db `rnnb jzrcbv ea lgqbn gqbzagz vekthdhcbjbchqbnobdbz. OenvEl+Zhvele, v`zbqbt h db vhdvtb abk z ea oenvlhq, hndjzectb oek thtlbn ea aedbz thl dbn krvlhkv`b zbtvlzb./Zbd.(


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AIBZDB KXVTBZHB9 Crddgkkblhc Bnobdkenhabvtbzbz vhc hndbnagz dbn cznvblvb kencagldhcobdPea hndhqhdrelhvbzbdb vèjnhncbz[. Et vhcb9 Dhc elbnb

thljbdbz qh /592( bz h``b thlvtz``blhct, agz qgzb vhndqendzbz Pjgzt aze Qhz`blhcobdbn[. Qgzt oibztb v`rllbaldb lhcbv kbcbt vgk Igzdbn agz et `rnnb hecttecb dbnBnb h Oenv Bbtobd jec Bnobdbn hndbnh tgtelhtbtbn eahndhqhdrelhvbzbdb vèjnhncbz, gc v vhcbz db9 Dhc elbnb

thljbdbz qh, gc aze Dhc elbnb vcbz qh oil} /592(. Vlbdbvk dbn Crddgkkblhcb Bnobdv vbcl qzb vnlhc } ellbvèjnhncbzv vhnd gc eztbz, lhcbvgk } bt hndhqhdrelhvbzbtqvbn.

Dbvrdbn jz db orv`b dbn Bnb h Oenv Bbtobd. Dbttbjbogq hkdb`gkkbv qbd et dbn Crddgkkblhcb Bbtobdqhvbv hndbnh dbn Crddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobdv vtbk}bl.Vgk alcb obzea èn ellb } btoqbzt }len qbndb vhc thl dbnZbnb gc Obllhcb qbd et vhcb9 Dhc elbnb thljbdbz qh, gc aze

Dhc elbnb vcbz qh oil} /592(, obnqbndb vhc thl Oekdhzb`tb.

Agz et rdtz``b dbttb qldhcb kvtbzhrk gc }bcb }dbn Crddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobdv vbcl, vhdbvthllbz dbnQhhvb @gzen hndhqhdrelhvbzbdb dbtelibz kbd tgtelhtbt, lhllbkbd vtgz, vzdblbvobd kbd dbt cbnbzbllb. Agz et eaogldbvhndbt aze et qendzb gc oibztbt aze et dzr`nb, et thlledbndbn et ahndb dbnv Vendb Cbnvtend agz Thljbdblvb

dhzb`tb, jzhncbz dbn vdennb bknbz } jenb vgk qgzvèjblvb gc telb, db ahnb dbtelibz h qgzb ceqbz gc qhvdgk hqgzb tz`, kbnv dbn gktelbz vèjblvbn ea ohklbnb gcIgzdbn. Dbnnb vendobd qhvbv } khze`rlv qhv h Gc

jlendt Oenv tbcn bz vèjblvbn ea ohklbnb gc Igzdbn, vektagzv`bllhcobdbznb h ibzbv v}zgc gc h ibzbv aezqbz /6=9::(.


15/88

Dbn Crddgkkblhcb Bnobdv vtbk}bl, dbz ahndbvhndbnh rtellhcb vèjnhncbz gc cznvblv kencagldhcobd,bz ea agzv`bllhc vlecv gc czedbz. Db bz vgk h `gnfbntzhv`bfhz`lbz, aze dbt vtzvtb thl dbt khndvtb. Kbn renvbt oqgztdblhc dbnnb Bnobd bz, bz dbt vtedhc bn Bnobd hndbnhkencagldhcobd, gc jbtzectbzb èn h``b qhz`blhctobnqbndb vhc thl Dbn. Vlbdbv k dbn CrddgkkblhcbBbtobdv vtbk}bl ahndbv jec Bnobdbn, v hndhqhdrelhtbt

h``b khndbz n gk kencagldhcobd, gc v dbz èn jnbvbn qbi dhzb`tb thl oibztbt agzen dbn Zbnb gc Obllhcb.

Dbvrdbn bz dbz enjzect bt dbzvt agztzllbndbknvtbz, vtzlbndb lv, thllg``bndb vdkb,thlazbdvvthllbndb v`nobd gc kectarldb vendobd } dbnCrddgkkblhcb Bnobdv vtbk}bl agz et dzecb qgzbg}kz`vgkobd gc oibztbz thl dbt. Jezkoibzthcobdbnvlhqv`zeat thltz``bz jbqhdvtb qvbnbzv g}kz`vgkobdgc tz``bz dbk hkgd dbt. Dbt vttbz dbk h vtend thl etg}n Bnobdbnv vbcl, et tibnb dbn Bnb h Oenv Bbtobd, gcdbzkbd qhz`blhcczb dbn qhz`blhcb obnqbndblvb h9 Dhc

elbnb thljbdbz qh, gc aze Dhc elbnb vcbz qh oil} /592(.

Vlbdbv bz H Crdv Neqn, dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbnNdbzhcb, hndogldbt ea jnhncvè}htlbt /Vrzet el+Aethoe(gc bt vekkbndzec ea @gzenbn, bt tbcn gc agztgl`bz adbttb vtgzb kvtbzhrk. Ellb, dbz g}nz dbn, èn vthcbcbnnbk dbn Crddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobdv nhqberbz0

ellb, dbz az dbn thl et telb, èn lzb gk kvtbzhbznb h dbnCrddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobd gc vb lvbnb azeCrddgkkblhc Ndb gc Kbdalblvb.


16/88

ABKTB KXVTBZHB9 Dbz bz bn Tzedhthgn1, dbzvhcbz et Crd vèjtb kbnnbv`bobdbn h v`h``blvb ea dbnJezkoibzthcb. Dbnv b`vtzeqecentb agztgl`nhnc ea ngclbvrahbz bz h``b h gqbzbnvvtbkkblvb kbd tzgbnvczrndvetvbz.3 Ngclb b`vtethv`b vrahbz }vtz et qgzv}hzhtrbllb netrz bz h dbn Jezkoibzthcbv v`h``blvb. Dedb bz g}vlrctb h dbzbv agzqhzzbndb, kbdhtethqb tzenfbz,èn db qbl rndv`ldbv agz et azbkvttb abilecthcb

vnv}rn`tbz. Oqhv endzb envbz vdennb vnv}rn`tbz agzeffb}tejlb, tecbz db gcv abil.

Dbn Zbnb gc Obllhcb Crd, Vgk jbaelbz gcedkhnhvtzbzbz rnhqbzvbt lhcbv lbt, vgk qez dbt bt }eledvbllbz bt orv, Vgk dzbibz cele`vbznb vgk qez db }ezth`lbz

1 Dbt ezejhv`b gzd oedhto, dbz ngzkelt gqbzvttbv thlTzedhthgn, jbtxdbz jgcvteqblhct nxobdbz, agztllhnc,`gkkrnhèthgn bllbz `gnqbzvethgn, renvbt gk dbn bz zblhchvbllbz qbzdvlhc, ohvtgzhv` bllbz nrthdhc. H @gzenbn g}tzdbz gzdbth zblhchv /689:6, 1?944(, qbzdvlhc bllbz cbnbzbl /191?(, ohvtgzhv`/:=98( vekt nrthdhc bllbz `gnqbzvethgnvkvvhc /1196(vekkbnoncb. ]zgabtbn jzrctb gzdbt } vekkb kdb, a.b`v.,de oen vecdb9 Dbn jbdvtboedhtobz @gzenbn /Jròezh(. KbnKroeddhtohn /Tzedhthgnhvtbz Plzdb hndbnagz Tzedhthgnbz[(bz`lzbz et gzdbt vtz agz dbt, dbz jlbq qhdbzbchqbt kbdertgzhvethgn aze ]zgabtbn, oenv cbznhncbz, rdtelblvbz, vthlthbndbcgd`bndblvbz bllbz jbv`zhqblvbz ea oenv axvhv`b rdvbbndb.

Irzhvtbznb kbdtecbz h``b dbttb vhdvtb bknb h dbzbv dbahnhthgn./Gqbzv.(

3 Vrahvkb9 Bn v}hzhtrbl hvlekhv` gqbzjbqhvnhnc gcrdqblvb, oqgzh krvlhkbznb vcbz et ahndb crddgkkblhc`zlhcobd gc qhdbn cbnnbk db vzlhcb kdbz, dbz `bndbtbcnbzdbn. Dbnv thloncbz `bndbv h Qbvtbn vgk vrahbz. /Zbd.(


17/88

gc vbndbz dbk } zbivb cbnnbk zrkkbt kbd qhvdgk gcndb, Vgk rdvbndbz db khndvtb }ezth`lbz, vgk qez dbldhcb bkjbdvknd, oez hncbn lhcb bllbz lhcnbndb, hncbn}eztnbz bllbz kgdvt``b. Halcb Dbz bz hntbt, dbz lhcnbz

Oek, gc Oen bz Eltozbndb, Eltvbbndb /4:955( oez Oenhncbn agzk, lhcobd bllbz lhcbkend. Dbz bz hntbt, dbz lhcnbzOek bllbz bz lhcbvgk Oek. ] dbn endbn vhdb, halcb9 Gc

Oek thlozbz dbn oibvtb lhcnblvb h Ohklbnb gc } Igzdbn,

gc Oen bz dbn G}oibdb h Qldb, dbn Qhhvb /6=9:3( ènkbnnbv`bnb aettb Oenv oendlhncbz, Ettzhjrttbz gc Neqnbqhe ellbcgzhbz gc vekkbnlhcnhncbz. Vlbdbv bz obnvhctbn hTzedhthgnbnv kbnhnc9 Kbnnbv`bobdbnv agzk, h dbnvtgtelhtbt, cbnv}bilbz dbt Crddgkkblhcb Neqn dbnJezkoibzthcb.

Dbttb Crddgkkblhcb Neqn bz bqhdbnt qhe lvbt azeellb Neqnbnb, dbz bz kenhabvtbzbt h rnhqbzvbt, gc }Igzdbn cbnnbk rtellhcb jbqhvbz } Crdv ejvglrttb

Obzzbdkkb. ] vekkb kdb bz dbn Jezkoibzthcbkenhabvtbzbt, hn khnhetrzb, h qgz gkaettbndb v`h``blvb.

Bt dbzlhcbzb ahncbz}bc èn kv`b ahndbv h alcbndbenelgch9 Vèjblvbn ea db jbvilbdb qvbnbz gckbnnbv`bobdbn bz gkzdbz agz jbqhvbz } dbnNdqbndhcqhv B`vhvtbzbndb Bnbv, jbqhvbz gc v}bilb agzdbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbarldb. Dhvvb jbqhvbz bz vvh`zb, `lezb gc tdblhcb, lhcbvgk qh èn vhcb et bt v}bil,

dbz zbalb`tbzbz vglbn oez v`h``blvb ea /bllbz bz lhc(vglbn, /kbd bn rndbzvtzbcnhnc ea dbt vtzlbndb jbqhv }vglbnv lxv(, èn qh gcv vhcb9 Kbnnbv`bobdbn oezv`h``blvb vgk dbn Jezkoibzthcb, kbd bnrndbzvtzbcnhnc ea dbt tdblhcb jbqhv hndbnh gv, gcarld`gkkbnczblvbn ea agzjhndblvbn h Oek, ea dbn

@` V. Denhkezè A9:


18/88

Jezkoibzthcb. Dbzagz vecdb db kbzb kgdbzetb gceajelenfbzbdb tzgbndb } Thlqzblvbnv Bnobd9 Dbzb`vhvtbzbz hntbt endbt bnd Oek, dbz rdtzx``bz jbqhvbtv`lezobd gc agzjhndblvbnv arld`gkkbnobd.

Go Crd, Go Jezkoibzthcb, Ndbarldb.Cbnnbk vendobdbn h H Crdv Neqn, dbn

Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbarldb, oeqjezkoibzthcobd kbd gv h obnogld thl et Dr bzdbn Ndbarldb, jn qgz agzvtblvb eakvtbzhbznb h dbnnb vtnhnc h obnogld thl et Drbz dbn Jezkoibzthcb. Ekbn.

VIBTTB KXVTBZHB9 Go rl``blhcb kbnnbv`bobd,dbz vlhdbz rndbz cznvblv rdrblhcobd gc jbogq rdbnbndb. Agzvt Crddgkkblhc Jezkoibzthcobdv qzdh vgkbt khddbl gc vgk bn kclbz. Dbt bz khdlbt thl bnVtzlbndb Vrqbzn, h Oqhv oz rdvtze`tb cele`vbz gc

jhttbvk }ezth`lbz tibnbz vekkbn h }bzab`t oezkgnh gcldhcobd. Dbnnb Vtzlbndb Vrqbznb, dbn Bnb, Bqhcb azgc batbz bqhcobdbn, bz dbn Bqhct Batbzvtzjtb elthncjboqbz Oek, Vgk hncbn jbogq oez.

Oen bz rbndblhct zhc gc oez h``b jbogq agz rnhqbzvbtgc dbtv v`ejnhncbz. Elt bz rndbz Oenv ertgzhtbt gcvtzhnc, ldhc agz Oenv Keibvtt gc Vtgzobd, arldb eazbazct gc jibz vhc agz Oenv Vrjlhkhtbt. Dbttb bz dbnCrddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobd, gc dbn bz thl ibz. Dbn

oqbz ibz thl Nzqzbt ea dbn Bnb rdbn jbogq, dbnBqhcb Vrqbznb, Vgk jlhqbz qbn kbd ibz gc obnqbndbzVhc thl ibz vgk Oenv blv`bdb tibnbzb.

Ellhcbqbl `en H h``b dzecb nzkbzb vglbn, vblqgkdbnv lv zbalb`tbzbv gc kenhabvtbzbv h ibzbv v}bil, bz H


19/88

rbndblhc lenct aze dbn Zbnb gc Obllhcbv Lv, dbn Bqhcbaz gc batbz bqhcobdbn. H èn h``b tz``b ibz nzkbzbOek kbdkhndzb Oenv Jezkoibzthcobdv Lv cz Oeknzkbzb thl ibz.

Ellb, vgk ahndbz dbnnb Jezkoibzthcobd, ahndbz bnbqhc vèt ea rrdtkkblhct lv. Dbnnb Jezkoibzthcobdèn nv cbnnbk dbn kbvt dlb ]zgabtv Vrnne?, dbnvkbvt vtzlbndb b`vbk}bl gc zb}zvbntent, dbnv kbvtqbltelbndb vtbkkb gc rdzjbz, vgk @gzenbn èldbz bnjezkoibzthcobd thl ellb qbzdnbznb.

V jzrc dbnnb jn thl et n oek gc cz oek thl dbnkdb, cbnnbk oqhl`bn dr èn ndb Jezkoibzthcobdbnogv dbn Kbvt Jezkoibzthcb ea Jezkoibzthcb. Ellbkrvlhkbz vhcbz dbnnb jn agz ellb qbzdbnbzvjezkoibzthcobd, vgk bz bnvjbtxdbndb kbdJezkoibzthcobd. Et czb dbttb, bz bn jlndbndb

dbkgnvtzethgn ea oqgz `gvtjez bn ceqb CrddgkkblhcJezkoibzthcobd bz, gc oqgz gkaettbndb dbnv vazb bz.

Vgk eavlrtnhnc èn vhcbv, et dbn `gvtjezbvtb irqbl hJezkoibzthcobdbnv vètèkkbz bz dbnv dzqgctbz9]zgabtbn Kroekked. Dbn azvtb nclb bz H Crdv Neqn,

? Vrnne bz g}tbcnblvbznb gqbz oqbz ea ]zgabtbnv

oendlhncbz, gzd gc jb`zatblvbz, lhcbvgk dbn bz dbn endbn`hldb thl hvlekhv` lgqchqnhnc gc lhq /@gzenbn bz dbn azvtb(.Rdgqbz et thlazb nb }zhnfh}}bz gc zbclbz, rdlccbz Vrnne@gzenbnv tqbtdhcobdbz, qbd et agz`lezb dbt, dbz `rn `gztnqnbv h dbn, tdblhccz oqed dbz bz rjbthncbt vekt vttb gv hvtend thl et cbnbzelhvbzb rdaze dbt, dbz bz nqnt v}bfhah`t gcvzlhcb thlaldb rdaze dbt, dbz bz cbnbzblt aevtvet. /Zbd.(


20/88

dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb, gc dbn nbkkbvtb nclbet jzrcb, bz et jbdb agz ]zgabtbn.

Go Crd% Agz db kvtbzhbzv v`ld, dbz lhccbz hHCrdv Neqn, dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb,v`n` qblvhcnblvbz gc azbd thl dbn, Dr oezvbndt vgk bn jezkoibzthcobd thl ellb qbzdnbz hgqbzbnvvtbkkblvb kbd Dhn Jezkoibzthcobd gcdbn zb, dbz thl`gkkbz oek, gc thl oenvAekhlhb gc Lbdvecbzb. Chq gv jezkoibzthcobd,v qh h``b jboqbz jezkoibzthcobd aze ngcbnjlendt Dhnb v`ejnhncbz, endbn bnd Dhc. Ekbn.Dr qzb }zhvbt% Qh oez hncbn endbn qhdbn bnddbn, Dr oez chqbt gv. H vendobd bz Dr dbnElqhdbndb, dbn Qhhvb.


21/88

DBT ENDBT GZD

Qbibn thl Thlazbdvobd

Oqhv dr qhl qhdb, oqgzden ken ndbz vtgzthlazbdvobd gc qblvhcnblvb cbnnbk tzg, gc oqgzden keng}lbqbz g}aldblvb gc lbtobd, lt de thl alcbndb lhcnblvb9

Tg kbnnbv`bz bz } zbivb, jdb agz agzniblvbnvv`ld gc agz agzzbtnhncbz. Dbn bnb bz hndjhldv` gc}bvvhkhvthv` gc bndbz dbzagz h bt lend, oen jbtzectbz vgkdbzvt rjboecblhct. Oen vbz vhc gkchqbt ea aetthcb gcojlvb kbnnbv`bz, }lecbt ea jllbz gc kbd dblectb lhq,

agz ellb lhdbz rndbz dbn vekkb blbndhcobd. Ellb agzvcbzet clbkkb dbt oblb qbd oil} ea zrvkhdlbz, kbn jlhqbzagzqendlbdb thl azbkkbdb bllbz aibndbz. Oen oezazctblhcb qhvhgnbz ea lhc gc agzldzblvb, gc oenv viljlhqbz èvtbt rd h lhdblvb.

Dbn endbn }bzvgn, vgk bz bn tibnbz ea Crd,envtndhc gc bn kend kbd bt lvt vhnd, gc oen `gkkbzthl bt lend, oen ahndbz cenv`b rdkz`bt. Oen vbz bn

rnhqbzvbl abvthqel gc ahndbz azd gc cekkbn h oqbz bn`zgc gc bt orv thl hor`gkkblvb ea Crd, bkkbndb eal`velhcobd. Oen vbz abizhncbz ea bn elkbn azhvttblvb aze}lhctbznb /ddbn( lbdvecbt ea zj gk cgdb nv`bz gc te`.

Hdbt oen ozbz bn tzgkkb gc bt gz`bvtbz, dbzhndèldbz vgldetbz kbd cledb èld vgk Crd bz dbn


22/88

Vtzvtb gc Dbz bz hncbn endbn crd bnd Crd, cldbvoen qbd vhn bcbn cldb gc endzbv. Oen hndcz bn cgdagzzbtnhnc gc te``bz Crd.

De oen kdbz vhn vlctnhnc, agzvtz oen dbnnbvvhtrethgn, gc vhcbz9 Dr bz jlbqbt v`z. Db dzlhcb gcovlhcb thnc, dr vbz, `gkkbz aze gc eav}bilbz dhn hndzbqbzdbn. Dr agzbvthllbz dhc et lettbz bz czd gc et jlhqbazhvet agz }lhctbznb vgk }lndzhnc gc zqbzh. @gk thl dhcvblq gc zbnv dht oibztb, v dbttb rcrnvthcb vlz qhl jlhqblatbt aze dhnb inb, gc dr vbz kv`b vendobdbn. Dbttb bzbt gzdbntlhct, qblvtbndb gc fhqhlhvbzbt lend kbd bnkectarld, kbdalbndb gc zbtazdhc obzv`bz. Thncbnb bzh``b vgk dr vbz dbk, bllbz tzgz. Kendbn `gkkbz thlagznrat gc bz arld ea encbz9 Ie, ibc bz qhz`blhct jlbqbtv`z } czrnd ea ellb db zrvkhdlbz. Te` v`el dr oeqb. KCrd qzb thlazbdv kbd dhc agz et azblvb khc aze bt voblqbdbvlhcnbndb vtedb.

Go khn vil% Dbn azvtb kend zb}zvbntbzbz bnqentzg bllbz bn ten`blv vndbz, vgk jbtzectbz dbnnbqbzdbn vgk bt vtbd agz rdjzbdt `lecb, ellb lbqbndb thncvgk czdbndb agzldzblvb } czrnd ea edv`hllblvb gcagzaeld, kbnnbv`bz gc dz vgk bnvgkkb gc rfhqhlhvbzbdbv`ejnhncbz, dbz vlv nbd ea ddbn0 gc db vtgzb kevvbz/jibzcb gc gfbenbz( vgk azcthndcdbndb lbcbkbz rdbnvil. Oenv kencbl } tzg gc qhldlbdnhnc eaadbz vtgzb

ncvtblvbz, dbz }lecbz oek.Dbn endbn tzgz } gc jb`zatbz Crd, dbn

Elkcthcb. Oen vbz qbzdbn vgk bt vtbd, oqgz agl` }zhvbzOek, bn tznhncv}ledv agz kbnnbv`bz gc dz gc bnrndbzvcblvbv oel agz kbnnbv`bz gc ihnn. Dz gc


23/88

kbnnbv`bz czbv rjbqcblhcb, v et db tzgbndb, batbzddbn, `en zbivb h ndblhc ndblvb thl dbn endbn qbzdbn agz dbnnb qbzdbn v`el jzrcb bn n cbnbzethgn thl etjbagl`b dbn gc ezjbidb h dbn.

Ellb dz gc kbnnbv`bz `gkkbz thl dbnnb qbzdbn eabn czrnd. Ellb lbqbndb thnc bz vgk vgldetbz bllbzbkjbdvknd, dbz cldbz vhc qbd db g}ceqbz, db bzjlbqbt thldblt. Dbn ld, qh ozbz, bz dbzbv lgq}zhvnhncbz gcobzlhcczblvbz, nz db jbcndbz, bllbz dbzbv cldb hezjbidbt bllbz dbzbv te`vhcblvbz, nz db bz azdhcb.Tzgbndb vbz ellb dhvvb thnc vgk ldhcb tibnbzb, qbnlhcbarn`thgnzbz, bn blv`blhc jgc ea dbzbv Kbvt CeqkhldbObzzb gc Ellbzndhcvtb Bibz.

Kencb albzb vdennb vkr``b, vrjlhkb gc jboecblhcbvendobdbz vthcbz g} aze tzg. Dbt bz agzdh tzg jzbz azbtthl dbt, dbz h vhn qhz`nhnc bz bt Trje tz aze ]ezedhv0

kbdbnv qentzg jzbz azbt thl bt Yeuurk tz azeOblqbdb. @rn h Hvlek gc tzg ahndbz ken vh``bzobd gcqblqzb . Dbzagz, te` elthd Crd, gc vhc9 ]zhvbt qzb Crdagz Hvlek gc arld`gkkbn tzg.


24/88

DBT TZBDIB GZD

Qelcbt ea dbn Zbttb Qbi

H Elleov Neqn


Go, H kbnnbv`bz, thljbd. /:9:5(

Oqhv dr nv`bz et agzvt dbn azd gc ceqn, dbz`gkkbz aze jn, gc dbt tej gc dblccblvb, dbz `gkkbzea levtbz, v}zbdnhnc gc lhcbcxldhcobd gqbzagz Crdvjbaelhncbz, lt de thl dbnnb `gztb agztllhnc9

Tg vgldetbz az jbv`bd gk et dzecb thl bn aibzn j.Db zbivbz vekkbn gc `gkkbz thl bn agzczbnhnc gc kdbzbn qhhv kend, dbz vhcbz9 Dbn oizb qbi bz vh``bz, gc nhrd ea th zbivbndb az cgdt rdjttb, kbn hncbnqenv`blhcobdbz. Dbn qbnvtzb qbi bz rdbn ngcbn ceqn, gcnh rd ea th zbivbndb lhdbz vtgzb tej. Jbccb qbib bz lhcb

lencb. Kbn dbz bz n agzv`bl9 Db, dbz qlcbz dbn qbnvtzbqbi, dbz h``b oez ngclb zbclbz bllbz ngcbn envqezlhc,zbivbz rdbn rdvtz gc qjbn, gc qhz`bz vlbdbveavle}}bdb gc `gkagztejblt thl}ev. Db, vgk qlcbz dbnoizb qbi, k rndbzlccb vhc khlhtzb zbclbz, jzb dbzbvbcbn ked gc bt trnct qjbn, h thlaldb ea bt enczbj.


25/88

Dbn bnb vgldet cz ed dbn oizb qbi. Oen latbz vhntrncb rdzrvtnhnc g}, gc oenv oibztb gc vil jbazhbvvekthdhct agz bnoqbz jbvqzlhc cld gc azct. Oen zbivbzh azbd gc db jgzcbzb, oen kdtb, jboendlbdb oek vgk bnzlhc vgldet, dbz arldt rd rdaztb vhnb }lhctbz. Dbn endbnvgldet tecbz dbn qbnvtzb czbn. Vblqgk oen h``b oez ngcbttrnct et jzb, lhdbz oenv oibztb gc vil h``b dbvtgkhndzb rndbz tellvb aezbz gc ncvtblvbz. Oen bz

`gnvtent v`z`vlecbn gc h nd. Nz vgk oblvt oen nz thlbn j, jlhqbz oen jboendlbt vgk bn g}zzbz gc alctnhnc.

Nr, khn rdhvfh}lhnbzbdb gc `dblhcb vil, oz nrcgdt batbz% Dbn azvtb vgldet zb}zvbntbzbz bn ldhctibnbz ea Crd0 dbn endbn vgldet zb}zvbntbzbz g}zzbzbgc db, vgk alcbz dbzbv bcnb jbcz. Qbibn bz lhqvlhnhbn,dbz `gkkbz aze vilbnbv qbzdbn, }evvbzbz cbnnbk dbnnbqbzdbn gc czeqbn gc agztvttbz kgd dbt Ohnvhdhcb.

Dbn trncb rdzrvtnhnc gc qjnbnb bz thljbdblvb gcazgkobd.. Dbt èn qhz`b vgk gk jnnbn bz bn vtzbncjbaelhnc0 kbn h qhz`blhcobdbn chqbz dbn bn rjbv`zhqblhcazbd gc qbljbahndbndb. Db jbdbndb zbfhtbzbz evooedr enle hleoe hlle Elleo /ibc jbqhdnbz et dbz h``b ahndbv ngcbnendbn crd bnd Crd(8, Vèjbzbn gc G}zbtogldbzbn. @rnOen èn thldblb vèdb bllbz ceqn. Oen bz dbn Qhhvb, Vgkhntbt rntthct agzbtecbz Vhc, dbn Ndbarldb, Oqhvjezkoibzthcobd gc gqbzalgd ahndbv gqbzelt. Dbn tzgbndb

vgldet vbz h oqbz bn jbchqbnobd bn dz thl zhcdgkkbn eaCrdv Jezkoibzthcobd gc jen`bz } dbn kbd

8 Dbn hvlekhv`b tzgvbz`lzhnc. Bnoqbz, dbz vhcbz dbn,jbtzectbv vgk krvlhk, gc ndbz db vekkb zbtthcobdbz gccgdbz, vqbl vgk zbclbz gc }lhctbz, hndbnagz Hvlek.


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vr}}lhèthgn /}èldblvb(. Den oen qbd, et oenv Obzzb gcG}zbtogldbz `gntzgllbzbz elthnc, vcbz oen thlalrct hOek. Oen kgdvtz gndvèjbn qbd et lccb vhn thllhd hCrd gc arldt rd gqbzchqb vhc thl Oek. Oenv tzg chqbzoek arldvtndhc tzcobd.

Vgk bnoqbz cgd oendlhnc, vtekkbz kgd aze tzg },gc lgel obnchqbnobd thl, Crd. Vgk kbd bnoqbz dzlhcoendlhnc, vtekkbz abiobd aze qhldlbdnhnc. Oqhv Igzdbnv`rllb thl et v}zhncb h lratbn qhllb db Crdv tibnbzb kbdvendt g}lvtb oibztbz h``b qzb jencb db qhllb kv`bbndde jbtzectb dbt vgk bt qhdrndbz ea dbn BqhctBatbzvtzjtbv @zeat. Bn agznratv}zcbt, kbn h``btzgbndb ahlgvga qhl kv`b v`lqb qbd vnbt ea bn `gkbt, etdbn zekkbz Igzdbn /vden vgk ngclb ekbzhènbzbcigzdb qbd dbn vbnbvtb }evvecb ea Oelbxv `gkbt(.

Qgz bqnb thl et g}aldb qgzb bndblvb `zeq bz

rjbtdblhc. Qh tzrbv ea }lecbz, qgz bcbn `zeat h``b ènkgdvt.. Qgzbv vtz`b bz jbcznvbt thl dbt, qh èn n0ellhcbqbl bz qgzb nv`bz gc `zeq, lhdblvbz gc vgzc, lhcbvqhdtz``bndb vgk qgz agzbvthllhncvbqnb.

Bnoqbz, dbz h``b bz oblt jlhnd gqbzagz vendobdbn,qbd et qgz jbdvtb krlhcobd bz et gqbzchqb gv thl Crd, etthljbdb, tzg gc oeqb thllhd thl Oek. Bn vh``bz qbi bz etagzbtz``b azbkagz bn aezlhc, vblqgk dbnnb kv`b chqbzbn lhllb krlhcobd agz bn vh``bz cbnnbkzbivb. Tzgbnv qbi

azbz n vh``bzt azbk thl bndblv azd kbd nvtbn 5=="vh``bzobd0 qbibn ea qentzg gc gqbztzdblvbz bz h``bceqnlhc gc oez bn nvtbn 5==" vh``bzobd agz rbndblhct


27/88

tej.5= Vblq dbnv zbivbndb bz bnhcb h dbnnb vendobd,lhcbvgk tellvb b`v}bztbz gc agl` kbd hndvhct gc qhdbn, bz.

Vlbdbv eaoncbz cldbn h dbnnb qbzdbn, lhcbvgkdbn nvtb qbzdbnv azd, ea gqbzchqblvb thl Crd gc qzbOenv obnchqnb tibnbz. V }zhv Oek elthd qbd et vhcb9]zhvbt qzb Crd agz lxdhcobd gc azbkcenc } Oenvqbi, gc te` Oek agz et qh bz Krvlhkbz.

5=

Agzaettbzbn jzrcbz nvtbn 5==", h kgdvtnhnc thlejvglrt vh``bzobd, h zbv}b`t agz Oenv ejvglrt azhb qhlib. Ken`en h``b czb bllbz envb Crd vgk agz}lhcthcbt thl et enjzhncb dbtzgbndb h ]ezedhv gc db qentzg h Oblqbdb, agz Oen cz oqedOen qhl. Kbn de Oen oez lgqbt, et Oen qhl jblnnb db, dbz tzgzgc cz cgdb cbznhncbz, kbd bqhc azd h ]ezedhvbt, gc vtzeaabdbk, dbz h``b tzgz, h Oblqbdb, qhl Oen g}aldb Vht latb. /Gqbzv.(


28/88

DBT AIBZDB GZD

Db Agzbv`zbqnb Jnnbzv Qzdh

H Elleov Neqn,dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb.

Db agzbv`zbqnb jnnbz /velet( bz Hvlekv vilbz. Agzarldt rd et agzvt dbzbv qhcthcobd, de tn` gqbz alcbndbagztllhnc9 Bn obzv`bz chqbz oqbz vhnb tg tibnbzb :4crldkntbz gc vbndbz dbk eavtbd thl bn vkr` czd, dbz

l : knbdbzv zbivb jgztb. Oen vhcbz thl dbk9 Jzrc dhvvb}bncb thl et `jb ibzbv jhllbttbz, ibzbv agzvnhncbz gc dbt,H vèl jzrcb, nz H bz nbt azbk. Nz H oez zbivt bn dec,qhl H `gkkb thl bn tzenvhtvtethgn. Qlc ibz bn kdb thltzenv}gzt, vgk H oez zd thl.

Tibnbznb dzecbz eavtbd. Dbn bnb v}ezbz } }bncbnbhndbn db nz vtethgnbn gc v `lgct, et oenv obzzb agzcbzdbk trvhnd cencb. Dbn endbn tibnbz jgztv}hllbz :6 ea db:4 kntbz, az db nz vtethgnbn. Dbn azvtb tibnbz zdbz

dbn endbn thl9 Jzrc dbnnb knt thl et `jb dhc bn jhllbt,bllbzv k dr c gc lhdb ea vrlt. Qgzbv obzzb bz cbnbzv.Kv`b qhl oen thlchqb dhc. Kv`b èn qh tecb bt al, v qhèn n czdbn } bn dec. Oqhv h``b, k dr c }addbznb gc rdogldb tg knbdbz kbd vrlt, kbnv dr


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`zxdvbz z`bnbn. Ellb èn vb, oqed dbz v`bz, oqhv oenh``b alcbz vhn qbnv zd.

Gc lt nr thl agz`lezhncbn, db ea ibz, vgk h``b jbdbz,vqbl vgk dr, khn vil, dbz h``b bz thljiblhc thl et jbdb.Obzv`bzbn bz qgz Vèjbz. Dbn bnb tibnbz zb}zvbntbzbzzblhchvb kbnnbv`bz, vgk jbdbz kbd hndbzlhcobd0 dbnendbn zb}zvbntbzbz agl`, dbz h``b jbdbz. Db :4 kntbzbz dcnbtv :4 thkbz. Czdbn bz ohklbn, tzenvhtvtethgnbnbz czeqbn, gc zbivbn bz aze czeqbn thl dbt bqhcb lhq.Kbnnbv`bz agzbtecbz dbn zbivb h agzv`bllhc oevthcobd hobnogld thl dbzbv cbzhncbz gc edazd. Ngclb ea db vendtobnchqnb gqbzvtz lnvnezt 5=== z h ljbt ea bn dec,kbnv endzb aezbz cbnnbk 2==== z kbd agzbvthllhncvbqnbnv oevthcobd. @gzenbn obntdbz thl dbnnbvendobd h ::943 gc 3=94.55

Jhllbttbn bz db agzbv`zbqnb jnnbz, dbz èn jbdbv

hndbnagz bn thkb. Oqhv dr thljzhncbz :6 thkbz kbdqbzdvlhcb e`thqhtbtbz, gc h``b vttbz dbn vhdvtb thkb thlvhdb thl db agzbv`zbqnb jnnbz, bz dr bn tjblhc tejbz. Drjlhqbz kv`b azhvtbt thl et vetvb oelqdblbn ea dhnb }bncb} bt lgttbzh, dbz jlhqbz v}hllbt ea 5=== kbnnbv`bz. Dhnfoenfb agz et qhndb bz 595===, kbnv db, dbz jbdbz, oez bnfoenfb } 88" agz et qhndb. Oqhv dr h``b qhl jzrcb jezbbn bn`blt knt } et vèaab bn rrdtkkblhc vèt, bz dbzngcbt celt kbd dhc.

55 Bn dec h ibzbv Obzzbv inb bz lhcbvgk 5=== z batbzibzbv jbzbcnhnc, gc bnclbnb gc ndbn vthcbz g} thl Oek } bndec, oqhv kl bz 2==== z ea ibzbv jbzbcnhnc, obnogldvqhv.


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Jn tzvtbz vilbn gc vhndbt gc bz lbt agz lbcbkbt.Dbzthl `gkkbz, et dbn zbttb hntbnthgn agzqendlbz qgzboendlhncbz gc edazd thl thljbdblvb. Dbzkbd jzrcbv qgzt`gztb lhq agz dbt bqhcb lhqv v`ld h bn endbn qbzdbn, gcqgzt alcthcb lhq g}nz bn ezt bqhcobd.


31/88

DBT ABKTB GZD

Dbn Zbttb Tznhnc agz Tzgbndb

HElleov Neqn,dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb.

Qhvvblhc bz Crd kbd dbk, dbz ledbz qzb kbdet qzb rldhcb gqbzagz Oek gc vgk cz cgdbcbznhncbz /vgk gk db v Oek(. /5195:?(

Nbdbnvtbndb lhcnblvb qhvbz oqgz ndqbndhct dbt bzet jbdb gc rndc vtzzb vndbz, gc et jbccb g}ceqbz bzdhzb`tb zbletbzbt thl qgz bcbn netrz9

Rndbz bn `zhc bz n kbnhc qbltznbt gcvekqhtthcobdvarld, kbnv bn endbn bz zb`zrt gc bn vleqbea vht vblq. Dbn azvtb kdbz g} thl tznhncv`rzvbznb gc`k}bz kgd aibndbn. Oen v}b`rlbzbz eldzhc } zethgnbzgc ln, agz oen qbd et zbcbzhncbn qhl agzvnb dbk kbddbt ndqbndhcb khlhtzb rdvtz, ked gc kbdhfhnvòil}. Dbt bnbvtb, oen vèl czb, bz et tznb thl `zhc gc`k}b agz lendbt. Oen oil}bz thl qbd et azbkvèaab

ked gc c thl ondb h ```bnbt. Nz oen jlhqbz v}rzctgk, oqed oen leqbz, vqezbz oen9 Ngclb ea vtetbnvg}ceqbz. Oen vhcbz h``b, et oen ezjbidbz, agz etg}zbtogldb lhqbt. Kbn dbn endbn vgldet oqbz`bn tznbzbllbz `k}bz, agz9 Dbt bz h``b kht }zgjlbk. Dbt bzzbcbzhncbnv vec. Oen tn`bz rdblr``bndb } vht


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rd`gkkb, gc dbvbztbzbz dbzagz aze vleckez`bn agz etdzecb thl kez`bdv}ledvbn h vtbdbt.

Dbn azvtb vgldet edqezbdb oek9 Jzgz, dbtagzqbntbv et dr tznbz thl et `k}b agz lendbt. Dbt bzdbzagz, dr bz obz. @gncbn qhl g}aldb dhnb jbogq, dbt bzoenv }lhct. Dr èn h``b g}aldb ellb dhnb jbogq, renvbtthd gc vtbd. De qh jbahndbz gv h `zhc, èn dr jlhqben`lecbt agz et dbvbztbzb bllbz g}zz, gc dr qhl jlhqbvtzeaabt. Qh oez qgz }lhct, gc `gncbn oez vhn. Qh cz gv`lez thl et vlv, gc `gncbn tecbz vhc ea qgzb jbogq.Agzbvthl ibz, oqhl`b }zgjlbkbz, dbn endbn vgldet qhllbqzb h, oqhv oen h``b lttbz thl vhn qbnv zd.

Go khn dgqnb vil% Vleckez`bn zb}zvbntbzbz dbtqbzdvlhcb lhqv trkrlt. Ozbn, vgk bz hnddblt hzbchkbntbz, zb}zvbntbzbz kbnnbv`bobdbn, vgk bzhnddblt h nethgnbz. Dbnnb jbvtbktb jetelign

zb}zvbntbzbz bt krvlhkv` vekarnd. Dbn bnb vgldet bzbn obnchqbn gc azgk krvlhk, vgk qbd, oqed oen jlhqbzjbdt gk, gc `k}bz vlbdbv kgd vht vblq gc Veten. Dbnendbn vgldet bz bn vndbz, vgk agzvkkbz vhnb }lhctbzvgk tibnbz, jbcz kencb vndbz, gc bz v g}tecbt ea vhnln gc zethgnbz, et oen gqbnh `jbt en`lecbz dbn vendbG}zbtogldbz.

Tznhnc zb}zvbntbzbz db declhcb jnnbz gc endzb}lhctbz, dbz agzlencbv ea db tzgbndb. @zhcbn

zb}zvbntbzbz dbn }zgfbv, vgk ndbn cz hcbnnbk agz etg}n bqhctqezbndb azblvb èk}bn kgd `dblhcblhdbnvèjbz. Dhvvb tg }lhctbz bz lbttb et agzvt9 Dbn azvtb/vèjblvbn gc qbdlhcbogldblvbn ea lhq( bz Vèjbzbnv


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envqez0 kbnv dbn endbn /et jnaeldb Vèjbzbn gcG}zbtogldbzbn gc arldvtndhct vtglb } Oek( bz qgz.

@rn Oen, Vgk chqbz lhqbt, bt eldblbv vtzlbndbkhze`bl ea dbn Bqhct Batbzvtzjtbv `rnvt gc rndbz eaKbvtbzbnv Qhvdgk, g}zbtogldbz lhqbt kbd agzvnhncbz.Oez dr jzrc agz et jlhqb gqbzjbqhvt7 Db vqecbvtb gcbn`lbvtb dz, jlhqbz agdzbt jbdvt. Db vèjnhncbz, dbz ènkhndvt gc bz db kbvt vzjezb, vvgk jejbz bllbz nadtbdz, az dbn jbdvtb adb. Et a aet h adbn oez hntbt etczb kbd vtz`b bllbz azh qhlib0 kbn kbd et oeqb jbogq gclhdb kencbl. Vb }, oqgzden tzbz gc dz, ahv` gc zqbvqbl vgk jejbz gc vk dzbrncbz vekt qg`vnb gc qhldbdz az adbn. Dbttb qhl ng` gqbzjbqhvb dhc.

Db, vgk agzvkkbz db declhcb jnnbz agz et vèaabked } jgzdbt, bz vgk dbn vgldet, dbz agzvkkbz vhnbqblvbz, dbvbztbzbz ae azgntbn ea encvt agz vrlt gc qendzbz

gk`zhnc } kez`bdv}ledvbn. H kgdvtnhnc obzthl bz dbtahnt gc zhcthct et vcb vhn zethgn aze Igzdbn dbnCbnbzvb Agzvnbzv Jezkoibzthcobdv ```bn batbzjnnbn gc h``b jbjzdb endzb. Dbt bz gcv bn vlecvthljbdblvb.

Dbvrdbn qhvbz qgz netrz gc v}hzhtrbllb qvbn gv, etqh bz vèjt thl et thljbdb Crd. Oqed encz qgzb avhv`b`zatbz gc bqnb thl et jg obz, bz qh qzzb vtbdt bndv}rzqb. Kbn kbd obnvn thl qgz qhdbn, agzvtblvb ea qgzb

jbogq vekt enzjblvbz gc thljbdblvb, vgk bz ndqbndhcbagz qgzt v}hzhtrbllb lhq gc lhqbt h dbt Ohnvhdhcb, bz qh `gncbgc jbaelhncvknd agz ellb lbqbndb qvbnbz.

G khn vil. Oqhv dr `hccbz } dbnnb qbzdbn, dhtvtzvtb kl gc ezjbidb agz dbt, qhl dr vtedhc agzjlhqb bn

@` V. Denhkezè A96


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vgldet, rdbn vtzzb `gntzgl gqbz dhnb vecbz bnd bn v}rzq.Kbn jbqcbz dr dhc kgd dbt Ohnvhdhcb, vb de } dbnnbqbzdbn vgk bn kez`, dbz v`el thlvv, bn agzjbzbdblvb thldbn nvtb qbzdbn, gc g}azbz dhc h gqbzbnvvtbkkblvbdbzkbd, jlhqbz dr obzv`bz gqbz dzbnbv zhcb, bn dkcjbdbndb agz dbn Elkcthcb Crd, gc Oenv qzdvettbbllbz agz`lbdb cvt h dbnnb qbzdbn. Dr `en qlcb, oqeddr qhl. V jbd gk qbilbdnhnc gc azbkcenc } Oenv qbi

aze dbn Jezkoibzthcvtb ea db Jezkoibzthcb.


35/88

DBT VIBTTB GZD

Dbn Oibvtb Tzenve`thgn

H Elleov Neqn,


Qhvvblhc `jtb Crd db tzgbndbv vilb gc bibndblb hjttb agz ]ezedhv. /89555(

Oqhv ken nv`bz et agzvt, oqgz agztibnvtarld gczbzhc vden bn tzenve`thgn bz, lt de thl alcbndblhcnblvb9 Bn `gncb jbtzgbdb tg tibnbzb kbd oqbz vhnobzzbczd, hndjbaettbt ellb ndqbndhcb qz`vtbdbz,kev`hnbzh, obvtb, jbn gc endbt rdvtz. Kbn de dbz qez`zhc, oqgz elthnc aldbz, vbndtb dbnnb jezkoibzthcb gckbdalbndb `gncb dbk vhn dlbvtb gaahfbz kbd alcbndbjrdvèj9

Vlc ibzbv jbtzgbdb bibndgkkb thl khc, v vèl ibcjbogldb dbk agz ibz. Led dbk h``b jlhqb dblectagzcqbv. Batbz `zhcbn qhl ibc lbqbzb ibz dbk thljecb h

jbdzb vtend bnd az. Dbt bz ibzbv jbtzgbdb bibndgkkb,gc ibc qhl jbtelb bn oibzb }zhv agz dbk. Kev`hnbznb gcqz`tibt qhl jlhqb jzrct h kht neqn h kht qz`vtbd. Jdb}zhvbn gc lnnbn agz dbzbv ezjbidb qhl jlhqb vtz`tagzcbt, kv`b trvhnd cencb. Ibc qhl chqb ibz agztibnbvtbn.H bz vqecb gc aetthcb gc èn h``b jbtelb agz dhvvb vtgzb


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agzbtecbndbz. Led khc tecb khc ea rdchatbznb gc rdvtzbtgc chqb ibz hnd`gkvtbn gc agztibnbvtbn. H èn jzrcb dbnazbk thl dbkgjhlhvbzhncbn. Gqbzqbi db abk agzdblb hdbnnb tzenve`thgn.

Oqhv h``b H vlcbz bibndgkkbnb thl khc, tn` de }dbttb. H èn h``b jbqezb dbt, H jbvhddbz, gc qhl dbzagzkhvtb dbt, H oez nr. Dbt qhl agzvqhndb rdbn ngcbn nttb gcH qhl c clh} ea dbn oib }zhv, ibc thljdbz ibz. Ellb dbv`zjblhcb, `gvtjezb qz`tibz gc ahntalbndb qctb, dbzvtz `lez thl jzrc, qhl khvtb dbzbv qzdh, de dbz h``b bzngcbn kbtellbz, dbz bz qzdhcb thl dbzbv jzrc. H jlhqbzndt thl et ahndb bn kdb thl et edkhnhvtzbzb gc jbqezbdbk. Dbzthl `gkkbz, et H qhl jlhqb vtzeaabt agz et oeqbkhvjzrct dbn thllhd, dbz bz qhvt ibz. V tn` } db kdbz,H èn khvtb }.

Oqhv H vlcbz ibzbv bibndgkkb thl khc, qhl H jlhqb

khnb vgldetbz gc oendlb h kht neqn. Lenct aze et jlgtqzb zb`zrt bllbz lbibvqbnd, jlhqb H zbdb gc azhbgaahfbzbz ogv bn g}oibt kgnez`.5:

5: Ngclb vbz bn tzrvvbl obz. Hkhdlbzthd bz kbnnbv`btvb`vhvtbnv obz bn qhz`blhcobd rd ea kbnnbv`btv qhlib. Dbzagz bzdbt lenct kbzb bnd bn oendbl, agz Crdv vèjblvb ea gv bz bnzbn qblvhcnblvb. Oqgz kencb kbnnbv`bz ahndbv dbz, vgk `lecbz

gqbz et qzb h qbzdbn7 Bz dbz ngcbn, dbz h``b blv`bz lhqbt7 @rndb, dbz khvjzrcbz dbzbv qhlibvtz`b gc g}vlrctb ea dvbl, `lecbzgqbz lhqbt. Hncbn vend tzgbndb `lecbz. Oqed bnd qh h``b èn lhdbh lhqbt bllbz qbzdbn, bz dbt } czrnd ea dbn `bndvcbznhnc et qhh``b g}aldbz qgzt envqez vgk dbt oivt zbdb ea qvbnbz. EtCrd agztllbz gv, oqgzden qh vèl oendlb h lhqbt gc dbz}jblnnbz gv kbd dbn bqhcb cldb, bz bn lhcbv vtgz gc rbndblhc


37/88

Batbz db tg knd oeqdb lttbt thl dbnnb thltelbndbagzgzdnhnc, vecdb dbn bnb9 Ibc bz jbzbt, gc qhl cbznbvlcb. Kencb te`. Dbn endbn qez lhcbv vtglt, ezzgcent,vblqhv` gc rdvqqbndb vgk Aezeg. Vgk gk oen qhllbjlhqb jgbndb } bibndgkkbn agz bqhct, hcngzbzbdb oen

igzdv`lqbnb gc trkrltbn, gc vecdb9 Nbi% Oqbk bzdbnnb `gncb7 Ibc qhl h``b vlcb khn bibndgk bllbzagzkhndv`b khn `gkagzt% Batbz ngcbn thd g}nbdb dbn

azvtb kend v oi bn }gvhthgn, et ellb khvrndtb oek.Oennd `gncbnv crnvt gc lbqbdb l``blhct h `gncbnv}eledv. Dbn endbn aeldt v lenct, et ellb ah` gndt ea oek0kbn db hndv, et oen agztibntb vhn vthllhnc. Vgk alcb eaoenv abiltecblvb, agzv}hldtb oen vhn cldb gc jbvhddblvb,gc lbd vtzea gc lhdblvb.

Nr, go lrnbarldb vil , tn` } dbn vendobd, dbzqhvbv obz. @gncbn bz Kgnez`bn, Bqhc az gc batbzbqhcobdbn, dhn V`ejbz gc Obzzb. Dbt, Oen oez jbtzgbt

ibz, zb}zvbntbzbz ibzbv `zg}, nd gc oibztb gc v qhdbzb,vqbl vgk ibzbv dzb gc hndzb venvbz /a.b`v. vn, vkec,hntbllhcbnv, agzbvthllhncvbqnb(. Gaahfbzbn bz Jrdjzhncbzbn0dbn kbdalbndb agzgzdnhnc bz @gzenbn, vgk vhcbz9Qhvvblhc `jtb Crd db tzgbndbv vilb gc bibndblb h jxttb agz

]ezedhv. /89555(. Dbn jzrvbndb vleckez` bz dbnvtgzkbndb gqbzaledb } bn qbzdbn h jbqcblvb, gc az gvthl et tn`b.

qblvhcnblvb vgk bqhcobdbn. Oqhv ngcbn vtedhc vbz bn tzrvvbl, bzdbnnb tzrvvbl gcv zbn qblvhcnblvb, de dbn tqhncbz gv thl et ahndbdbn zbttb qbi gc g}n cldb h jbccb qbzdbnbz, oqgz bt latb h``bbz ng` thl et qhlibvqecb, ndblhct `gzzr}tb, vtdhcb kbnnbv`bzndzbz dbzbv lbqbqhv. /Gqbzv.(


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Agl` v}zcbz9 Elt qhl clhdb gv ea ondb, c thlczrndb gc agzvqhndb. Kv`b bz dbz bn kdb, oqgz} ken`en czb dbt bqhct, et jbqezb dbt7. Kbnv db bz g}tecbtea vdennb ten`bz, ozbz db }lrdvblhc @gzenbnvohkkblv`b vtbkkb vhcb9 Dbz ahndbv bn vkr` gc nbkkdb, dbz thljxdbz abk agzdblb bllbz agztibnbvtbz. Oqedbz dbn kdb7 Et vlcb dbt jbtzgbdb thl dbn qhz`blhcbBibz. Db zbvrltbzbndb abk agztibnbvtbz bz9

AZVTB AGZTIBNBVTB9 Khdlbzthdhc jbvhddblvbjlhqbz }bzkenbnt. Dbttb vqhndbndb lhq agzqendlbv, nz dbtjlhqbz chqbt thl dbt Bqhcb gc Vblqg}zbtogldbndbKeibvtthv`b Qvbn gc jzrcbv agz Oenv v`ld, thlqbdqezbnobd gc chqbz bqhctqezbndb azrctbz. ibjlh``bnbh nv nrqzbndb lhq agzvqhndbz gc zdnbz jgzt, lhcbvgk`bznbz gc az. Kbn v jnbz cldbnv jlgkvtbz vhc gcjlgkvtzbz h Bqhcobdbnv Zhcb, gc oqbz ea dbk azbkjdbzbt lvbndb gc jbzglhcbndb ev}b`t h dbt KbllbklhccbndbZhcb.

ENDBN AGZTIBNBVTB9 ]zhvbn, dbz jbtelbv, bz]ezedhvbt.

TZBDIB AGZTIBNBVTB9 Oqbzt `zg}vlhct lbkv gcvenvbzv qzdh agzcbv trvhndagld. Oqhv dr, b`vbk}blqhv,jzrcbz dhn hntbllhcbnv agz vblqbtv v`ld, jlhqbz dbt btrobldvvqencbzt, dblccbndb gc vq``bndb hnvtzrkbnt,dbz qhl tncb dhc kbd vzcblhcb vgzcbz aze agzthdbn gc

azctblhcb ncvtblvbz agz azbkthdbn. Dbt bz ea dbnnbczrnd et vndhcb kbnnbv`bz iqnlhct tz thl dzr` gcendzb lvvlr}nb agzniblvbz. Kbn oqhv ken vlcbz vhnhntbllhcbnv thl dbnv vendb Bibz gc jzrcbz dbn } Oenvqbcnb, jlhqbz dbn thl bn kvthv` nclb, dbz jnbz Ndbnv


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rbndblhcb vètèkkbz gc qhvdgkvaldtb oqlqhncbz, gcg}latbz n thl zenc ea bn azgk gc zbtlbdt qbilbdbz, dbzagztibnbz bqhc l`velhcobd.

ibt bz bt qhndrb, vgk ndbn `hccbz rd ed } dbnnbqbzdbn. Oqhv dr jzrcbz dbt } vblqbtv qbcnb qbd et vthzzb} alcthcb. rjbvtendhcb v`nobdbz gc vn, azbz dbt thllhdbzlhcobd gc endzb `dblhcb jbcz. Kbn oqhv dr vlcbzdbt thl dbtv Eltvbbndb Vèjbz gc jzrcbz dbt } Oenvqbcnb gc hndbnagz Oenv cznvbz, vthcbz dbt thl zencbn agzbn lvbz ea rnhqbzvbtv Vtgzb Jgc56, bt qhdnb thl khze`lbznbh Oenv vèjblvb, bn qblvhcnbt jh, dbz dzh``bz eaJezkoibzthcobdbnv jlgkvtbz h dbnnb qbzdbnv oeqb.

Oqhv dr jzrcbz vkecvvenvbn } dhc vblq gc agz dhntrncbv gc keqbv v`ld, vn`bz dbn nbd } bt vtedhb vgkdzqgctbz agz keqbn , bn qect } dbnv aejzh`. Kbn oqhvdr vlcbz dbn thl dbn dlb Agzvnbz, vthcbz vkecvvenvbn

thl zenc ea bn dcthc g}vnvkend qbd CrddgkkblhcJezkoibzthcobdv vètèkkbz, bn te`nbklhc hnv}b`tz hdbn Bqhct Batbzvtzjtbv ```bnbz.

Go hntbllhcbnv, }ev }% Tn` } dbt, dbz bz bthnvtzrkbnt thl dblccblvb, gc dbt, dbz bz bn nclb thl elqzbn. Go ib% Vb agzv`bllbn kbllbk bn eav`blhc lbalbz

56

H Vehd Nrzvhv tn`nhnc, vèjtb Crd rnhqbzvbt vgk bnjgc, dbz vèl lvbv ea db, dbz nv`bz et lzb gc dzecb nzthl Oek. Rnhqbzvbtv gzdbn, zbcblkvvhcobd, vekkbnjrndbtobd, arn`thgn gc v qhdbzb qhvbz ngclb ea Oenv Neqnb gcEttzhjrttbz. Endzb qhvbv cbnnbk db jbvilbdb gc rjbvilbdbkbdlbkkbz ea Oenv vèjblvb, vvgk dbn Kbdalbndb,Agzvnbzbn, dbn Jezkoibzthcb, Thlchqbzbn gc v qhdbzb. /Zbd.(


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gc bn lzd g}vnvkend h dbt Crddgkkblhcb Jhjlhgtb`.Go trncb% Vkec cgdt } agzv`bllbn kbllbk bn dzqgctbzh bn vteld bllbz bn aejzh` gc dbn, dbz bz jbtzgbt CrdvJezkoibzthcobdv vètèkkbz%

Nz dr vekkbnlhcnbz ellb endzb hnvtzrkbntbz,bqnbz gc lbkkbz kbd dhvvb, èn dr agzvt et tzgbndbg}nz bn netrz, dbz bz qzdhc thl ]ezedhvbt gc db qentzgaz bn netrz, dbz }evvbz thl Oblqbdb. Oqbz entecbz dbtv

thlozbndb qzdh. Tzgbndb jzrcbz, } czrnd ea dbzbv tzg,dbt, Vèjbzbn oez jbtzgbt dbk } Oenv qbcnb gchndbnagz Oenv cznvbz. Qentzg jzdbz dbnnb thllhd gcjzrcbz dbn agz dbt `dblhcb vblqv v`ld.

AIBZDB AGZTIBNBVTB9 H bz oil}blvb gcrdvettb agz rl``b, ezkgd, rtellhcb jbogq gc rdrblhcobd.Lhqbtv jzdb èn qzb kbcbt trnc. Oqhv h``b H vttbz lhdthl dbn Keibvtthv`b Vtz`b, vtglbz }, gc gqbzchqbz ibzthl Oek kbd arld thllhd, qhl ibzbv vekqhtthcobd agztvttbkbd et jlhqb }lecbt ea tgkkb lhdblvbz, vkbztb gcagztzdblvb, vgk elt vekkbn dblccbz ibzbv agzvtblvb.Thl vhdvt jlhqbz H thl qhldb dz.

ABKTB AGZTIBNBVTB9 Db, vgk eavlzbz thncbnbvvendb netrz gc g}lbqbz vendobdbn, bz bnhcb h etjblnnhncbn agz dbn thljbdblvb gc obzlhcczblvb ea Crd,vgk qgzb lbkkbz, venvbz gc bqnbz agzbtecbz, qhl jlhqbchqbt } bt thdv}rn`t, oqgz ken oez kbvt jzrc agz dbn, hagzk ea ]ezedhvbtv azrctbz.

Oqhv dr nctbz, qhl dr lhdb alcbndb abkagldhcb tej9AZVTB TEJ9 Dhn blv`bdb bibndgk gc ea`gk, dht

jbrndzbdb vblq gc dbtv lrnbz, dhn tjblhct blv`bdbrncdgk gc lhq jlhqbz ellb bzvtettbt kbd vkbztb gc vnd.


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ENDBT TEJ9 Dr jlhqbz vtzeaabt agz et agzzdbthllhdbn, agz dr cz dhc vblq gndt qbd et jzrcb db kbvt`gvtjezb qz`tibz thl db kbvt qzdhlvb agzkl.

TZBDIB TEJ9 Qbd et nbdqzdhcb dhnb `gvtjezbbqnbz thl bt }len, dbz lhccbz rndbz dzbnbv, agznzkbz drgc gqbztzdbz Crdv Qhvdgk.

AIBZDB TEJ9 Dr v`el jzb lhqbtv trncb jzdb h

oil}blvobd gc ezkgd gc qhl `gnvtent vtnnb rndbzvlecbnb ea alcthcobd gc edv`hllblvb.

ABKTB TEJ9 Dr ndzbz dbn Ndbzhcbv dbilhcbceqbz, dbt qez obnvhctbn v`rllb jzrcbv thl et lccbarndekbntbt thl bqhct lhq gc qblvhcnblvb h dbt Ohnvhdhcb, thlovlhcobd. Dbt bnbvtb, db `en jzrcbv thl, bz et jnb}gztbnb thl Oblqbdb agz dhc.

Oqgzagz qhl v kencb kbnnbv`bz h``b vlcb7 Bz dbt

v vqzt7 Gqbzogqbdbt h``b% Db batbzalcbndb jzdbz bzh``b trncb. Cznvbznb agz dbt thlledtb bz qhd gc }evvbz thlibzbv nv`bz, gc dbzagz jboqbz H h``b et tecb dbl h dbt,dbz bz agzjrdt. Db }lhctbz, Crd oez }lect, bz a gc lbttb.Dbt bz bn rjbv`zhqblhc zb et qzb Oenv tibnbz gc vgldet.

Dhn }lhct bz et oendlb gc hndledb dhc } ellb thnc hCrdv neqn vgk bn vgldet, et kgdtecb gc chqb } Crdvqbcnb gc et edldb Oenv thlledblvb gc lgq. Oqhv dr vndbz,de vc thlchqblvb qbd et vhcb9 Go Obzzb, thlchq qgzb

vndbz gc tec hkgd gv vgk Dhnb tibnbzb. Jbtzg gv Dhnthllhd, hndthl thdbn agz thljecbchqblvb `gkkbz. Ekbn. Gcenkgd Oek.


42/88

DBT VXQBNDB GZD

Dzbn thl Kbnnbv`btv Cldb

Tzg } dbn Elkcthcb Vèjbz gc dbt Ohnvhdhcb bz`gvtjez, de vden bn tzg jzrcbv thl et jbnjezb rnhqbzvbtgc jnb dzbn thl cldb. Tlkgdhct et vtglb } Vèjbzbn,vcb Agzvnbzbn h te`nbklhcobd gc vcb thlalrct h Oek, bzrqrzdbzlhcb kbdhèkbntbz kgd ellb }lecbz. Et chqb ect} @gzenbn, ogldb vhc thl dbnv lgqb, jbdb gc eaogldb vhcaze vtgzb vndbz, chqbz gv db dg`rkbntbz gc }ev, dbz bzndqbndhcb agz qgz zbivb kgd Bqhcobdbn.54 Db bz bt lv thlczeqbn gc bn agzvnhnc thl dbt nvtb lhq.

Oqhv dr nv`bz et agzvt dbnnb vendobd, agzvt dedbnnb agztllhnc9 Bncenc g}decbdb bn vgldet } khdtbnea vleckez`bn, et oen qez h vtgzb qenv`blhcobdbz. Oenqez vzbt h jdb qbnvtzb gc oizb vhdb. Jec oek vtgd bnlqb `lez thl et al oek h vkvt``bz gc agzen oek qez

54 Db vtgzb vndbz jbvtz h et thlv`zhqb Crd }eztnbzb0 qzb

zbv}b`tlv gqbzagz nv agzldzb0 agzjzrcb endzbv bibndgk,hvz agzldzblvbv0 dbltecb h cbz0 tz``b vhc thljecb, nzozbn cz azbk0 jectelb `v`b `qhndbz0 jbc agzjzdblvbz kbdbn nbdv`zbqbt vtzea /a.b`v. tqbzh, ogz, rtzgvèj, kgzd(0 tecbdbl h agzjrdtb oendlhncbz } tzgdv ea @gzenbnv bllbzTzedhthgnbznbv tzrvlbz gk bn vtzbnc vtzea h dbt nvtb lhq agz etczb dbt0 vekt oendlhncbz, ]zgabtbn oez agzjendbt. /Gqbzv.(


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oenv qbnnbz gc èkkbzetbz qbd et jlhqb onct. Rdbnagzoek l dbn lencb qbi thl lendalcthcobd.

Bn azgk gc qhhv }bzvgn dr``bdb g} } oenv oizbvhdb. Agztqhql h``b. Ibc qhl chqb dhc tg vtnhncbz, dbz qhlczb lqbn oezklv vgk bn obvt gc cz celcbznb thlcncbz agz dhn agzniblvbv v`ld. Ibc qhl chqb dhc tgkbdhèkbntbz, dbz qhl lcb dhnb vz gc a dbk thl etdratb vgk zgvbz. Vekthdhct qhl ibc chqb dhc bn jhllbt, dbzthlledbz dhc et zbivb zbqhv ea eavtendb h ljbt ea n dec.]zq dbk gc vb, gk ibc telbz vendt. Dbt cigzdb vgldetbn,gc oen v et oen teltb vendt, v vgldetbn tzgbdb }kendbnv zd gc arlctb dbk.

]lrdvblhc dr``bdb bn diqlbecthc }bzvgn g} } oenvqbnvtzb vhdb gc vecdb9 Led gv nxdb lhqbt, ozb ngcbtkrvh` gc dzh``b dhvvb obzlhcb qezbz% Oen v}rzctbvgldetbn oqed dbt qez, oenv vtgd gc krklbdb. Vgldetbn

vqezbdb9 Bn obllhc }èldblvb, oqgzthl kendbn vqezbdb9Ogld g} kbd db hndqh`lbdb thnc. Led gv h``b dblccbdbn jboecblhcb vtbknhnc. Oqed oez dr h ondbznb7Vgldetbn vqezbdb9 Kbdhfhn. Kendbn vnatbdb9 Vkhddbt q`. Dr abilbz h``b ngcbt. Oqed bz dbt agz bt }e}hzkbd abk vbcl }7 De vgldetbznb vqezbdb et dbt qez bnjhllbt gc zethgnbzhncv`gzt, vecdb kendbn9 Zhq dbk hvt``bz% Oqgzden èn dr tn`b } et tecb ngclb vtbdbzobn } vden bn vkr` agzzvdec7 Vlbdbv agzvctb dbn

diqlbecthcb kend agzvctb et azb vgldetbn } qhldv}gz.Thl vhdvt qhl vgldetbn jlhqb azhvtbt thl et alcb, agz oen bzkbnnbv`blhc gc dbzagz gaabz agz vqhc.

Aze oizb vhdb ozbz vgldetbn kbd t bn tgzdnbndbvtbkkb9 Qcn g}% Jlhq h``b jbdzecbt. Vhc thl dbn


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diqbl9 Oqhv dr èn dzjb lqbn, v cz dbt. Oqhv drèn aibznb celcbznb, cz dbt. Oqhv dr èn oblb khnb vz,v cz dbt. Oqhv dr èn gzdnb dbt, v ibc h``b jboqbz ettecb obzaze, v cz dbt. Cz dhvvb thnc, v èn qh kgzb gv.Oqhv h``b dr èn, v qz vthllb%

Agz et qbndb thljecb thl qhz`blhcobdbn9 Vgldetbnzb}zvbntbzbz oqbz ea gv. Lqbn bz qgz rd}bcbdbddvvtrnd, kbnv celcbznb vtz agz qgz agztvettbedv`hllblvb aze qbnnbz. Db tg vz bz qgz bndblvb gcjbvqzlhcb rdrblhcobd vekt qgz elqgzlhcb gc jrndlvbaetthcdgk. Dbn lencb zbivb vtz``bz vhc aze ndbznbvQbzdbn thl qgz thlqzblvb vgk agvtbz, dbz} rncdgk,eldbzdgk, jlhqb lect h czeqbn, lhqbt h czeqbn azbk thlCbng}vtendblvbnv Dec vekt }evvecbn gqbz Vhzetjzgbnthl jbcndblvbn } dbt bqhcb lhq h dbt Ohnvhdhcb. Db tgtelhvkenbz bz tzgbn } Crd gc dbt Ohnvhdhcb.

Agzvt9 Tzg } dbn Elkcthcb Vèjbz gc dbtOhnvhdhcb. Dbnnb `gvtjezb telhvken chqbz gv azbd h vhndbtgc Crdv Jezkoibzthcobd. Lqbn, dbz h``b èn czbngcbt rdbn Oenv thlledblvb, jlhqbz vgk bn ldhc obvt.Vlbdbv bz db azgkkb gc lzdb, db, vgk oez bn vendagzvtblvb ea ddbn, h``b jencb agz et d gc nv`bzae`thv` et d az dbzbv thldbltb thd.

Thdbnv cenc, dbz kez`bzbv kbd edv`hllblvb azeqbnnbz /} czrnd ea ddbn, zb}zvbntbzbt ea celcbznb(

gkdennbv qbd tzgbn } dbt Ohnvhdhcb thl bt khddbl thl etvb db bqhct agznxbdb gc elthd aezqbzhcb jzgdbzhbz ea Crdvqhdrndbzlhcb oendlhncbz, Oenv @zeatv khze`lbz gc OenvNdbv kenhabvtethgnbz. Dbnv lhcb bz dbttb9 Batbzvgk dbv}bilb, dbz zbalb`tbzbz vgllxvbtv aezqbz bz agzv`bllhcb gc


45/88


46/88

Dbt `rnnb db h``b. Dbzbv aetthcdgk gc nd jlhqbz thldbzbv e}}btht gc dbzagz }zqbz db et agzcb dbzbvaetthcdgk. Dbt bz dbzagz vdennb kbnnbv`bz bz vtgltb eadbzbv aetthcdgk.52

]evvbt thl Bqhcobdbn jbvtz ea db abk declhcbjnnbz, gqbzogldblvb ea db endzb }lhctbz vekt rndc dbvtgzb vndbz. Ellb, dbz oez hndvhct gc lzdgk, bz bnhcbgk et dbn bnbvtb kdb et a bt lv, ngclb agzvnhncbz gcbt aezti thl dbn lencb zbivb thl Bqhcobdbn }, bz et ogldbvhc thl @gzenbnv lgqb gc agzjrd. Qhdbnvèj, ahlgvgah gcondqz`vkvvhc `rnnbn bz h vhc vblq h``b kbcbt qzd,agz db g}lvbz `rn qbibn v lenct azbk vgk thl czeqbn.

Dbn jbtdnhnc gc lbtobd, oqgzkbd ken rdazbz dbabk declhcb jnnbz gc eav`zhqbz db vq vtgzb vndbz, ènh``b rndbzvtzbcbv ng`. Oqhv dr agzvtz vendobdbn hdbttb, qhl dr qbndb dhc thl dbn, dbz ellbzbdb bz } qhldv}gz

gc dbn, dbz nv`bz et azb dhc } qhldv}gz, gc vhcb9 Oqhvdr èn aibznb ddbn, rdrblhcobdbn gc aetthcdgkkbn gclr``b dzbn thl czeqbn, cz dbt. Bllbzv, ogld krnd% Hrnhqbzvbtv vtzvtb kgv`b agz`lezbz @gzenbn rnhqbzvbt, vled gv lttb thl dbn. Led gv aldb gv kbd dbnv lv gcoendlb h gqbzbnvvtbkkblvb kbd dbnv qbilbdnhnc.@gzenbn bz vendobdbn, batbzvgk dbn vtekkbz azeVèjbzbn. Dbn vhcbz vendobdbn, hdbt dbn v}zbdbz vht lvgqbzelt.

52 Aetthcdgk h dbn agzvtend, et Crd bibz elthnc gc qh bibzhntbt. Dbn k h``b agzqb`vlbv kbd dbn aetthcdgk, dbz tqhncbzagl` thl et thccb agz et `lezb vhc. /Zbd.(


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Go Crd, g}lv qgzb oibztbz kbd tzgbnv lv gc@gzenbn. Jbzhc gv kbd aetthcdgk h agzogld thl Dhc.Agzezk gv h``b kbd lhcbcldhcobd gqbzagz Dhc. Qh oezg}chqbt qgz bcbn vtz`b gc kect agz Dhn v`ld gc oezvct thlalrct h Dhn Vtz`b gc kect, v zbcn gv kbd jlendtdbk, dbz vttbz vhn lhd thl Dhc. Gqbzled gv h``b thl gv vblq.Jbqez gv kbd Dhn jbqezhnc. Oeq jezkoibzthcobd kbd gvgc ellb tzgbndb.

V`n` qblvhcnblvbz gc azbd thl qgz lzbkbvtbzKroekked, Dhn tibnbz gc ]zgabt, Dhn rdqelctb gchnthkb qbn Dht @gncbzhcbv v`nobd, Dhn vèjnhncvazbkkbvtb, khdt}rn`tbt agz Dhn `zlhcobd gc Dhnqbilbdnhncv vgl, Dhnb jbqhvbzv trncb, Dhn Ndbvlbcbklhcczblvb, Dhn vèjblvbv lv, gc dbn dlbvtb ea Dhnbvèjnhncbz0 Dhn Bbtobdv lek}b khdt h Dhnb vèjnhncbzvkencagldhcobd, dbn, dbz jbnjezbz kvtbzhbznb h Dhnvèjblvb0 obzgldbn agz Dht Obzzbdkkbv @gncbzhcb0}zdhèntbn agz dbt, dbz jboecbz Dhc0 rdzjbzbn eaDhnb Neqnbv Vèttb0 Dhnb tibnbzbv hnvtzr`tz0agztgl`bzbn ea Dhnb tbcn0 Dht Obzzbdkkbv V`nobdvv}bil0 fhz`blbn gc z``bqhddbn ea jbqhdnblvbn ea Dhc gcet Dr cz gv thl qhdnbz0 Dhn blv`bdb gc Jrdjzhncbz, vgkDr vbndtb vgk bn jezkoibzthcobd thl qbzdnbznb gc thloenv Aekhlhb gc Lbdvecbzb, oenv kbd}zgabtbz gcJrdjzhncbzb, Dhnb bnclb, dbz vtz nz, gc Dhnb zbtlbdtbtibnbzb. Ekbn.


48/88

DBT GTTBNDB GZD

Zblhchgnbnv NdqbndhcobdH Cgdv Neqn,


Crd, dbz ahndbv hncbn endbn crd bnd Oen, dbnBqhct Lbqbndb, dbn Vblqg}zbtogldbndb. /:9:22(

Zblhchgnbn kbd Crd bz Hvlek. /6958(Dbn alcbndb lhcnblvb agz`lezbz qbzdbnbn gc qgz nd

h dbn, vekt zblhchgnbnv netrz gc qzdh. Dbn agz`lezbzgcv oqgzden azeqzbt ea Vend Zblhchgn cz dbnnbqbzdbn thl dbt kz`bvtb aencborl gc dbn qentzg thl dbnkbvt rlx``blhcb v`ejnhnc., gc oqgzagz tzg } CrdvB`vhvtbnv gc Bnobd, vqbl vgk thllhd thl Oek, jnbzrnhqbzvbtv obkkblhcb tbcn gc azblvbz qgzb vilb aze

kz`b.Tg jzdzb bz } zbivb vekkbn. De db `gkkbz thl bn

agzczbnhnc } qbibn, vbz db bn qhhv cekkbl kend, gcv}zcbz oek thl zdv. Oen agztllbz et qbibn thl oizb`zqbz et ken gqbzogldbz qbibnv lgqb gc chqbz bn qhvvh``bzobd gc cldb, kbnv qbibn thl qbnvtzb lgqbz bnjbvtbkt agzk agz azhobd vekt jbvtbktb aezbz gc rzg. Oenjbdbz dbk gk et qlcb. Dbn qbldhvfh}lhnbzbdb jzgdbz,dbz vtglbz } Crd, qlcbz dbn oizb czbn gc effb}tbzbz

eaonchcobd ea lgq gc gzdbn.Dbn endbn jzgz tecbz dbn qbnvtzb czbn agz azhobdbnv

v`ld. Oen qhz`bz qbl thl}ev0 kbn oez h qhz`blhcobdbnh``b ngcbn hndzb zg. De oen nz thl bn z`bn, ozbz oen}lrdvblhc dbn czrg}q``bndb ld ea bt qhlddz, dbz qhllb


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enczhjb oek. Oen vtztbz eavtbd gc, hdbt oen vbz bn tzjznd, dbz bz 1= kbtbz dj, v}zhncbz oen nbd h dbn.Oelqqbiv nbdb az oen aet h bttz, dbz qg`vbz rd eaqccbn, gc az vtg}}bt vht aeld. Tzbt oez tg zddbz, dbzjbccb bz qbd et jlhqb cneqbt jgzt ea tg zgttbz, bn oqhd gcbn vgzt. Hdbt oen `hccbz g}, vbz oen qhlddzbt, dbz qbntbz} oek. Oen `hccbz nbd, gc az ib } bn azctblhc dzecb,nvtbn qbd oenv addbz, dbnv qldhcb krnd }ezet thl et

vlrcb oek. De oen `hccbz } qccbn, vbz oen et dbn bzarldvtndhct d``bt kbd tzeqlb hnvb`tbz. De oen vbz }tzbt hcbn, vbz oen, et vblqgk dbt bz dbt jezb bz btahcbntz, oez dbt khze`rlvt kencb agzv`bllhcb vlecvazrctbz, dbz qg`vbz } dbt, vvgk qelnddbz gcczenetjlbz.

Oen agzvtz h``b, oqed dbz v`btb, de oen oncbzdz h jzndbn. Oen èn h``b agzbvthllb vhc et ngcbn oezabt dbt thl et v`b elt vekkbn, agz oen èn h``b tn`b vhc

gk. Vblqgk oen bz agzazdbt hndbnh gc } tzgdv ea oenvndv gc oibztbv `lecbz, agztvttbz oenv gndt jbaelbndbvblq et ledb vgk gk et elt cz oblt ahnt, gc hcngzbzbzdbzagz dbzbv czd. Hdbt oen agzbvthllbz vhc et oen ndbzlhqbt h bn oeqb, jbcndbz oen et v}hvb lv ea ellb dbagzv`bllhcb vlecv azrctbz cenv`b czethv. Kbn ngclb eadbk bz chathcb gc qhl agzqgldb oek vèdb.

H bn oedhto urdvh51vhcbz Crd9 Ibc jboendlbz Khnbtibnbzb } vekkb kdb vgk db tn`bz gk Khc. Dbttb

kbnnbv`b vbz elt, oqed dbz v`bz oek, vgk rqhcthct, gc

51 Oedhto Urdvh9 Dbttb bz bn vzlhc ètbcgzh ea rdtelblvbzaze ]zgabtbn. Gzdqelcbt bz ]zgabtbnv, kbn jbtdnhncbn thlozbzCrd.@` V. Denhkezè A94


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vlbdbv bz dbt dbn kdb, thncbnb bz } agz oek. Oenoqbz`bn dz bllbz lbqbz cgdt, kbn ogldbz jezb rd h bneaqbntbndb lncvbl.

Dbn `lgcbzb gc qbldhvfh}lhnbzbdb jzgz tn`bz elthd} dbt cgdb, jb`zatbz lgqbn gc alb vhc vh``bz gc azh.Renvbt gk oen ahndbz vkr``b jlgkvtbz gc azrctbz bllbzdblectb gc czhkkb thnc h bn oeqb, ag`rvbzbz oen } dbtcgdb gc vkr``b. Dbt èn oenv jzgz h``b, agz oen bz

g}tecbt ea dbt gndb, gc ahndbz hncbn oqhlb h vden bnoeqb. Dbn `lgcb jzgz lbqbz batbz dbqhvbn9 Vb } db cgdbvhdbz qbd thncbnb, gc bz dbzagz cbnbzblt vbt thlazbdv kbdelt.

De oen `gkkbz thl bn z`bn gc kdbz bt qhlddz,jlhqbz oen jencb. Kbn de oen kbnbz, dbt bz h ngcbnvtibnbvtb, bz oen h``b v jencb. Gcv oen og}}bz oelqqbivnbd h bn jznd, oqgz oen az aet h ngclb czbnb aze bt tz.De oen g}decbz db tg zgttbz, dbz cneqbz h tzbtv zddbzgc dzecbn nbdbnrndbz, vqbl vgk qhlddzbt gqbnagz,vnbv oen et oen jbahndbz vhc h bn kz`blhc vhtrethgn.

Kbn thl agzv`bl aze jzgdbzbn, tn`bz oen et dbt oblbbz ezzencbzbt ea ngcbn gc rdcz bt tbcn. Oen kbnbz vhchecttecbt gc rndbzvct gc agzvtz, et oen jlhqbz azt gcqbilbdt vgk bn }zqb gc agz bt agzkl. Oenv nvcbzzhcobdq``bv, gc oen v}zcbz9 Oqbk nv`bz ibc vèl `bndboek7 H kbllbkthdbn agzogldbz oen vhc tlkgdhc gcvblqdhvfh}lhnbzbt. Dbnnb nvcbzzhcobd q``bz h oek bn`zlhcobd thl tbcnbtv bibz, oqhl`bt az oek thl et nv`b etagzvt tbcnbt, oqed jbchqbnobdbznb jbtdbz gc et g}ncgdb bcbnvèjbz agz et cldb dbtv bibz.

Oen g}decbz et dbt bz bt ahcbntz, vblqgk dbt oezkencb vlecv azrctbz. Oenv azct oez agzledt oek, agz oen


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hndvbz et dbt bz bt `etelgc gqbz }zqbz } dbn rvbtb bibzvazrctbz, oen oez `lez thl cvtbz. Bllbzv qhllb bt tz h``bjzb v kencb agzv`bllhcb azrctbz. Oen jbcndbz et jbdbg}zhcthct gc vgk zbvrltet obzea jlhqbz nclbn thlobkkblhcobdbn jbnjezbt agz oek. Oen bz`lzbz9 Go,dr dbz bibz dbnnb vfbnb gc dhvvb jbchqbnobdbz, ibc bz hdhnb ondbz. Ibc tecbz thlalrct h dhc gc ibc vtz thl dhntibnbvtb. Ibc nv`bz dhn cgd`bndblvb gc qhdbn gk dhc.

Qccbn jnbz vhc gc jbnjezbz bn dz /dzecbnv krnd(,dbz azbz hnd thl bn qhdrndbzlhc, jboecblhc oeqb. Jdbdzecbn gc dbt qhldb dz jlhqbz thl tg tibnbzb, dbz hnqhtbzbzoek hndbnagz. Qhlddzbt agzqendlbv thl bn obvt, oen zhdbz}.

Gc v, khn dgqnb vil gc hkechnzb qbn% Led gvvekkbnlhcnb dbzbv vthllhncbz gc vb, oqgzden cgdtazbkeqlbz cgdt gc gndt jzhncbz gndt. Dbn jzgz, dbz tgcdbn qbnvtzb qbi agz vblqthllhd gc vblqqhllbt azhobd, bz qbd

et vtztb nbd h dzecbnv cej. Oen bz elthd ncvtblhc gcelbnb, gc vbz vhc vblq vgk bn aencb, dbz jlhqbz enczbjbt eaqhldb dz. Oen cbz vhnb qenv`blhcobdbz qbd et v}hvbthlvnbledbndb dbilhcb azrctbz, kbn zbnt ae`thv` chathcb,}zqbz } azrctbz0 dbt bz h``b kbnhncbn, db v`el v}hvbvagz dbzbv bcbn v`ld, kbn gqbzjbqhvb agl` gk et vcb dbgzhchnelb gc jlhqb `rndbz thl dbk. Oen ndzbz vhn dec thlnet. Oen vndbz kgd vhc vblq gc cz vhn vhtrethgn thl btOblqbdb, v oen oqbz`bn oez agztibnt kbdn` bllbz zbt thl

et `lecb.H kgdvtnhnc obzthl jbahndbz oenv jzgz, vgk tgc dbn

oizb qbi, vhc h bn oeqb aldt kbd azrctbz gc gkchqbt eatibnbzb. Oen rndbzvcbz oqbz bn bn`blt gc v`nthldzecblvb kbd agzrndzhnc, gc jbtzectbz vhc vgk bn zbtcvt, dbz ndbz vhn ceqkhldb qztv vzb gc vkr``b


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tibnbzb. Oen v}hvbz h``b ellb ahcbntzbtv azrctbz0dbzhkgd tecbz oen }zqbz ea dbk gc, hdbt oen hndvbzqhz`blhcobdbn, rdvttbz oen vhn ndblvb gc ndbzagzqbntnhncbn.

Dbn azvtb jzgz bz vgk bn, vgk agznctbz vhnagz`lbdb vthllhnc h bn vgkkbzoeqb, gkchqbt ea qbnnbz,gc h vtbdbt jlhqbz arld gc tzgz et oen bz jlendt qhldb dzgk qhntbzbn gc `lecbz gqbz dbt. Oen oendlbz agz`bzt

gqbzagz vhc vblq gc hvglbzbz vhnb qbnnbz gc agztibnbz hncbnndb. Dbn endbn jzgz, vgk thllhdvarldt tecbz hkgd dbt,dbz jlhqbz thljrdt gc hecttecbz lgqbn, vbz gc tecbz hkgdqhz`blhcobdbn, vgk agz oek bz vkr`. Oen zbv}b`tbzbzqhz`blhcobdbnv bibz gc agztibnbz dbzagz ndb. Vlbdbv `enqh a bn dblqhv agzvtblvb ea9 Oqed cgdt, dbz bnd ondbz

ibz, bz aze Crd0 gc oqed dzlhct, dbz bnd ondbz ibz, bz azeibz vblq /4938(.

Nz qh jbtzectbz jzdzbnb, vbz qh et dbn bnbv hndzbvblq oez vet bn vhtrethgn vgk aze oblqbdb g} agz oek, hgqbzbnvvtbkkblvb kbd oenv ogldnhnc thl qhz`blhcobdbn0kbnv dbn endbnv }gtbnthbllb cgdobd, }gvhthqb obnvhctbzgc cgdb netrz aztb oek thl bn kbcbt crnvthc gc cldblhcvhtrethgn. Nr qhl ibc vhcb thl kht bcbt hndzb vblq gc gcv thllvbzbnv9 Oqhv H qhl oeqb vrffbv, v alc @gzenbnvqbilbdnhnc.

Lhcnblvbnv ogqbd}rn`t bz alcbndb9 Dbn bnb jzgz bztzgbndb, dbn endbn bz qentzg. Dbn oizb qbi bz @gzenbnvgc tzgbnv qbi0 dbn qbnvtzb qbi bz qentzgbnv gc g}zzbtvqbi. Oeqbn bz kbnnbv`btv fhqhlhvethgn gc vekarnd, dbzzrkkbz jdb cgdt gc gndt, zbnlhcobd gc agzrzbnhnc. Btagznrathct kbnnbv`b tecbz dbt, dbz bz `lezt gc zezt gcrndcz dbt, dbz bz czrkvbt gc agzrzglhcbndb, gc cz


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azbk kbd bt oibztb h oqhlb. z`bnbn bz Igzdbn, dbt qhldbdz bz ddbn, jzndbn bz qgzt lhq gc db 1= kbtbz vqezbzthl dbn cbnnbkvnhtlhcb lbqbeldbz } 1= z.

Tzbt h jzndbn bz thlqzblvbn, db tg zgttbz, dbzcneqbz dbtv zddbz jgzt, bz dec gc net, gc dzecbnv cej bzczeqbnv jnhnc. Agz bn tzgbndb bz dbn jlgt bn dz, dbzjnbz vhc hnd thl Oeqbn. Hnvb`tbznb bz db }zgjlbkbz, qhvtz gqbzagz, gc bz h qhz`blhcobdbn Crdv qbnlhcb

edqezvlbz, dbz agzbjccbz et db tzgbndb jlhqbzrjbtn`vgkkb. Azrctbznb bz dbnnb qbzdbnv ceqbz, dbzazbklccbv vgk }zqbz } dbt Ohnvhdhcbv qblvhcnblvbz gchnqhtbzbz `rndbznb thl ]ezedhvbtv azrctbz.53 Tbcnbtqhvbz Crdv obkkblhcb qhlib h vèjblvb. Dbt jnbv kbdtzg, gc nclbn bz9 Go Crd, dbz ahndbv hncbn endbn crdbnd Crd, dbz bz hncbn endbn crd bnd Oen, dbn BqhctLbqbndb, dbn VblqG}zbtogldbndb.

Agz dbn bnb jzgz agzqendlbv dzecbnv krnd /czeqbn(vhc thl bn dz hnd thl Oeqbn /]ezedhv(. Agz dbn endbn bzdbn, vgk agz ellb qentzg, bn dz thl bt qenv`blhct vtbd/Oblqbdb(. Qhlddzbt agzqendlbv thl bn ldhc tibnbz, bndhvfh}lhnbzbt gc qbltznbt obvt. Kbd endzb gzd bz ddbnagz db qentzg bn vkbztbarld edv`hllblvb aze db blv`bdb, bnthlaencbtecblvb batbz et oeqb agzledt dbn ]ezedhvlhcnbndbIgzd. Agz tzgbndb bz dbn bt khddbl thl cbnagzbnhnc kbd

53

Tzbt kbd db agzv`bllhceztbdb azrctbz qhvbzCrddgkkblhcobdbnv vbcl, Oqhv bnbvtbndb dxd bz et vèjbelthnc ea n thnc gc et agzqendlb elthnc thl n thnc0 et vèjbagzv`bllhcb }lentbz gc azrctbz ea dbn vekkb krld0 et vèjb ellblbqbndb thnc ea bn dzjb qend gc et nzb gc g}zbtogldb ellblbqbndb thnc } vekkb qhv, kbn cbnnbk agzv`bllhcb vlecv ked./Gqbzv.(


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ddb qbnnbz gc lbdvecbzb. Dbt bz vgk et `gkkb thl dbzbvbqhcb cldbv oibk, bn agzkbl hnqhtethgn thl et `gkkb hndh db bqhcb oeqbz, bn lbilhcobd thl et kgdtecb dbn ln, dbzv`n`bv ea dbn Kbvt Kbdalbndb gc Jezkoibzthcbvceqkhldobd gqbzagz tibnbvtbz, dbz bz rdazt agz Oenvv`ld vekt bn vlecv thljecbtz`nhnc aze lhqbtv jzdbz.

@gzt vect enjzhncbz db, dbz iectbz dbttb alcthcb lhq,vhc vblq h Oblqbdb, vblqgk db agzjlhqbz h dbt, dbz

agzb`gkkbz dbk bt ]ezedhv } Igzdbn. Db, vgk vcbzdbt bqhcb lhq, ahndbz azbd gc cldb h jbccb qbzdbnbz. ]tzgdv ea ellb qenv`blhcobdbz te``bz db Crd gc`gn`lrdbzbz tlkgdhct, et elt dbttb jlgt bz btqbntbqzblvb, dbz jnbz g} thl Ohklbn.

Go Crd, vt gv jlendt cldbnv, azblvbnv,@gzenbnv gc tzgbnv kbnnbv`bz% Ekbn. GoCrd, v`n` azbd gc qblvhcnblvbz gqbz qgzkbvtbz Kroekked, gc gqbz oenv Aekhlhb gcLbdvecbzb, thl entellbt ea ellb jgcvteqbz h@gzenbn, thljecb`evtbt qbd dbn KbvtNdbzhcbv thlledblvb ea ldjlcbznb ea oqbztgzd, dbz zbfhtbzbv ea @gzenbnv g}lvbzb azedbnv azvtb jbnjezhnc thl thdbznbv bndb. Oeqjezkoibzthcobd kbd gv gc qgzb agzldzb gckbd ellb tzgbndb g} thl entellbt ea db gzd,cbnnbk Dhn Jezkoibzthcobd, go KbvtJezkoibzthcb ea db Jezkoibzthcb. Ekbn. El

}zhv thl Crd, ellb qbzdbnbzv Obzzb.


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DBT NHBNDB GZD

Db Agzv`bllhcb Jbdbthdbz

H Cgdv Neqn0dbn Jezkoibzthcb, dbn Ndbzhcb.

Chq lgq}zhvnhncbz thl Crd, oqbz cenc, H nz thleatbnbn gc oqbz cenc, H vtz g} gk kgzcbnbn. Thl Oekcz el }zhv h Ohklbnb gc } Igzdbn, h dbn vbnbbatbzkhddec, gc oqbz cenc H nz khddec. /6=9535?(

H v}zcbz khc, `zb kbdkrvlhkbz, oqgzagz db abkdeclhcb jnnbz v`el jbdbv } jbvtbktb thdv}rn`tbz. Ibcqhl jlgt chqb ibz n ea db kencb czrndb thl dbt. Oqbztthdv}rn`t agz jn bz jnhncbn ea bt jbtdnhncvarldtqbndb}rn`t, bt v}bil agz dbn Crddgkkblhcb enqbndblvbea `zeat vqbl vgk db rnhqbzvbllb Crddgkkblhcb ceqbzdbzh. Qh jlhqbz jbdt gk et jbdb } dhvvb jbvtbktbthdv}rn`tbz agz et chqb kbzb thljbdblvb gc lgq}zhvnhnc thldbn Keibvtthv`b Elkcthcb, gc et rdtz``b dbzlhcbzbte` agz db ceqbz, dbz oez veklbt vhc kbllbk tg }bzhgdbz.Agz lhdt jbdzb et `rnnb agzvt dbnnb djb gc vrjthlb

jbtdnhnc , gqbzqbi de dhvvb abk }rn`tbz9AZVTB ]RN@T9 Oqbz jn vtz agz lgq}zhvnhnc,

obzlhcczblvb gc alblvb ea te`nbklhcobd gqbzagz Crd. Qhobzlhccz Oek qbd et vhcb vrjoen Elleo /Obzlhcobd thlCrd( kbd gzd gc oendlhnc h jbqhdvtobd gk Oenv


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Keibvtt. Qh g}oibz gc agzvtzzbz Oek qbd et vhcbElleor e`jez /Crd bz dbn Vtzvtb( kbd gzd gc oendlhnc hjbqhdvtobd gk Oenv ]bzab`thgn. Qh vhcbz Oek te` qbd etvhcb el+oekdr lhlleo /el lgq}zhvnhnc thlozbz Crd( kbdqgzt oibztb, trncb gc `zg} h jbqhdvtobd gk Oenv Ndb.Aze dbttb `gn`lrdbzbz qh, et jnnbnv oibztb jbvtz hobzlhcczblvb, g}oiblvb, lgq}zhvnhnc gc te`vhcblvb. Dbagzbz dhvvb tzb vtnhncbz thl vtbdb h ellb db jbdbndbv gzd gc

oendlhncbz. Dbzthl `gkkbz et db cbntecbv 66 cencb oqbz,batbz oqbz jn, agz et jb`zatb gc arld`gkkbnczbjnnbnv obnvhctbz. Jnnbnv jbtdnhnc rdtelbv alcblhckbd dhvvb }zfhvb rdtelblvbz.

ENDBT ]RN@T9 Qh bz Crdv tibnbzb. Hdbt qh bzg}kz`vgkkb } qgzb kenclbz, vqecobdbz gc aetthcdgkh dbt Crddgkkblhcbv nzqz, gqbzchqbz qh gv h`zlhcobd gc zbazct agz Oenv Obzzbdkkbvarld`gkkbnobd, Oenv Crddgkkblhcb Kect, vgk oqbzvèjnhnc bz eaonchc ea, gc Oenv CrddgkkblhcbKbdalblvb. ] vekkb kdb vgk Oenv Obzzbdkkbvvrqbznhtbt agzlencbz obnchqbnobd gc ldhcobd,agzlencbz Oenv Obllhcobd et qh vbz qgzb abil gc vcbzOenv }ezdgn, et bz`lzb et Oen hncbn abil oez, et dbrqhdbndbv lcnecthcb eaczblvbz bz kbnhncvlvb, gc etOen bz ohnvhdbv ellb kenclbz ogv Oenv vèjnhncbz.

Oenv Kectv Arld`gkkbnobd agzlencbz et qh, hdbt qh

hndzkkbz qgz vqecobd gc oil}blvobd, bz`lzbz9Crd bz dbn Vtzvtb h jbrndzhnc gc agzrndzhnc agzendbn Bqhct Batbzvtzjtbv qz`bzv keibvtt. Hdbt qhdkct jibz gv, vcbz qh thlalrct h Oek gc vttbz qgz lhdthl Oek. Oenv Kbdalblvbv cznvblvb vèttb agzlencbz etqh bz`lzbz qgz, gc ellb vèjnhncbzv, nd qbd et jbdb gc


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enkgdb gk Oenv oil} vekt et qh bz`lzbz Oenvqblvhcnblvbz cbnnbk }zhv gc te`nbklhcobd qbd et vhcb el+

oekdr lhlleo. @gzt vect hndbogldbz jnnbnv gzd gcoendlhncbz ellb dhvvb jbtdnhncbz gc jlbq gzdnbt gcezzencbzbt vlbdbv ea Crd.

TZBDIB ]RN@T9 Oqbzt kbnnbv`b bz bn khnhetrzbea rnhqbzvbt. ] vekkb kdb bz @gzenbnv azvtb vrze/è}htbl(, Vrzet el+Aethoe, bn hllrkhnbzbt khnhetrzb eaoblb Jgcbn gc jnnbn bz bt lvbndb hndbx, dbz hnqglqbzbzellb agzkbz agz thljbdblvb, bt obllhct `gzt, dbz entdbzagzv`bllhcb vlecv thljbdblvb, dbz rdazbv ea ellb lbqbndbqvbnbz.

AIBZDB ]RN@T9 Dbn agztljbndb g}dblhnc h decgc net, vqbl vgk zbnb gc dht lhqv aevbz arncbzbz vgk btqldhct rzv tendoirl gc latbvtncbz. Agz b`vbk}bl9

Thdv}rn`tbt agz aeiz /az vglg}cenc( ènvekkbnlhcnbv kbd agzzbtv advbl, dbt ibjlh`, oqgzv}bzkbn vcbz thlalrct h dbn jbv`ttbndb lhqkgz bllbz dbnazvtb ea db vb`v vekkbnoncbndb decb, oqgz Igzdbn gcohklbn jlbq vèjt. Dbt khndbz gv gk oqgzden Crdagzdblbz Vhn @zeat gc oendlhncbz h vdennb thdv}rn`tbzgc jbchqbnobdbz.

Thdv}rn`tbt agz yroz /lhcb gqbz khddec( ènvekkbnlhcnbv kbd azdhcczblvb ea rncdgkkbn,

khdvgkkbz bllbz thdv}rn`tbt agz kbnnbv`bobdbnvvèjblvb h qbzdbnv lhqvthd. Dbt }bcbz } Crdvjezkoibzthcb kenhabvtethgnbz gc gqbzqldbndbqblvhcnblvbz } db jbchqbnobdbz gc thdv}rn`tbz.Thdv}rn`tbt agz evz/batbzkhddec( khndbz gk batbzzbt,eldbzdgkkbn gc thdbn qbd dbn Vhdvtb ]zgabt /Cldbnv


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ze(. Dbt khndbz gv gcv gk dbn KbdalbndbvCrddgkkblhcb oendlhncbz gc Oenv ceqbz h dbk.

Thdv}rn`tbt agzkecozhj /vglnbdcenc( khndbz gv gkkencb v`ejnhncbzv agzaeld qbd vlrtnhncbn ea batbzzbtvekt gk qgz bcbn dd. Vlbdbv edqezbz dbt gv }agzond gk qbzdbnv rndbzcenc qbd Cbng}vtendblvbnvjbcndblvb, lzbz gv et agzvt kenhabvtethgnbn ea CrdvKeibvtt gc q``bz gv ea bn dj vqn eaagzvkkblhcobd. Thdv}rn`tbt agz hvoe /kz`btvazbkjzrd( az gv thl et orv`b } kz`btv qbzdbn, dbzhndollbz ellb declhcdecv cbnvtendb h vht kz`b `ldb gcqhntbzbn, dbz d``bz dbn ddb Igzdv gqbzaledb kbd dbnvoqhdb `ldb. Dbn khndbz gv gk db ddbv cbznhncbz, dbzjlhqbz clbkt, gc }bcbz } dbnnb }zqblvbnv czrndvrrndcblhcb, arldvtndhcb agzaeld. Dbzkbd agz`ndbzhvoe dbn Keibvtthv`b Gqbzkcthcobdv agzrndbzlhcboendlhncbz.

Nettbn khndbz gv gk qhntbz, czeqbn, dbnKbllbklhccbndb Qbzdbn gc h oqgz oi czed, qgz ndtzncbz thl dbn Jezkoibzthcbv Jezkoibzthcobd. Dbn vbnbnetv teoeiirdjn khndbz gv gk gc edqezbz gv gk oqgzqhcthc, dbnnb jnv lv gc qezkb qhl qzb h czeqbnvkz`b. Qbd et orv`b } dbn Vendb Chqbzv rbndblhcbceqbz, dbz v`n`bv rndbz dhvvb rvdqenlhcbjbchqbnobdbz, bz`lzbz qgz qzdhc Oen bz thl }zhv gc te`.

Dbn alcbndb kgzcbn }bcbz } dbn kgzcbn, dbzalcbz } Cbng}vtendblvbn. ] vekkb kdb vgk kgzcbnalcbz } net gc agzz alcbz qhntbz, alcbzCbng}vtendblvbnv kgzcbn bllbz agzz dbtkbllbklhccbndb lhq.


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Oqbz }lectb thdv}rn`t agz jn bz jbcndblvbn } btqhtelt qbndb}rn`t gc bn }khndblvb gk vtzzbgkqltnhncbz bllbz qbndb}rn`tbz h rnhqbzvbtv lhq. Dbdeclhcb thdv}rn`tbz agz jn khndbz gv, cbnnbk dbdeclhcb rndbzarldb agzgzdnhncbz ea dbn BqhctBatbzvtzjtbv @zeat, gk dbn Crddgkkblhcb @zeatvkhze`lbz gc dbn Crddgkkblhcb Jezkoibzthcobdv ceqbzrdbn obnvn thl thd bllbz vtbd. V db agzbv`zbqnb jnnbz,

vgk bz bn kbdadt }lhct, thljbdblvbnv czrndlec gc bnrgktqhvtblhc }lhct, bz dbzvt bcnbdb gc }evvbndb agz dhvvbthdv}rn`tbz.

ABKTB ]RN@T9 Qh bz vèjt vqecb, ellhcbqblhnqglqbzbz gc }qhz`bz ellb thnc gv gc cz gv vzckgdhcb.Qh oez hncbn `zeat, ellhcbqbl }lecbv qh ea lhdblvbz gcaibndbz. Qh bz b`vtzbkt aetthcb, ellhcbqbl oez qh kencbjbogq. Qh bz dgqnb gc rdrblhcb, ellhcbqbl bz lhqbtv jzdbkbcbt trnc. Qbd et qzb kbnnbv`bz, bz qh agzjrndbt kbdzbvtbn ea qbzdbn, ellhcbqbl agzvqhndbz dt, qh blv`bz gc`bndbz, gc dbn alcbndb vgzc vkbztbz gv. Qgz kbntelhtbtgc venvbz hnv}hzbz gv thl clgzqzdhcb cbznhncbz gc bqhcbagztibnbvtbz0 kbn qh èn h``b, qh bz rtlkgdhcb, `zeatlvbgc oez `rn bn `gzt lbqbthd.

Rdaze elt dbttb vtz edv`hllhcb thnc zbt `lezt9

Aeiz jnnbn bz bvvbnthbl, agz qh k azbklccb bnenkgdnhnc az decbnv e`thqhtbtbz jbcndbz. Qh k,

cbnnbk jn gc }èldblvb, obnqbndb gv thl Ogaabt agz dbnNdhcb @zeatarldb Keibvtt, dbn Ndbzhcb Cgdobd, agzet a oil} gc vrffbv. Dbt bz ndqbndhct kbd vden bnoil} agz et `lezb gc rdogldb db qenv`blhcobdbz gcjzdbz, dbz qbntbz gv.


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Doroz jnnbn bz bvvbnthbl, agz de bz dbt et decbnjbcndbz et jbqcb vhc azbked agz et arldvtndhcczbvhn `rzv. Agl` tecbz bn }ervb aze dbzbv czbkl. ndbnoez jzrc agz bn }ervb aze dbn ten`blvobd gcralvgkobd, dbz alcbz ea ozdt ezjbidb gcCrddgkkblhcb ceqbz bz arldt kenhabvtbzbdb. Dbt bzcgdt, ndqbndhct, qblczbndb gc }evvbndb et jbdb } dbtthdv}rn`t. Dbnnb jn chqbz lbttblvb aze dbt }zbv, dbz

rdqbv ea declhcdecbnv lhq gc kencbl } gkten`b. Qhvtz dkct h nzqzbt ea dbn Qhz`blhcb V`n`bz eaqblvhcnblvbz, rdtz``bz te`nbklhcobd gc jbdbz gk Oenvoil}. Qh jibz gv agz et dbkgnvtzbzb oil}blvobdgqbzagz Oenv Vtzlbclenv gc Qldb gc `evtbz gv }

igzdbn agz et jb`bndtczb qgz agzrndzhnc, `zlhcobd gcdkcobd agz Oenv bqhctqezbndb ]bzab`thgn gcragzlhcnblhcb Ndb.

Evz jnnbn lhcnbz, gc khndbz gk, batbzzbtvvzcblhcb zvthd, eldbzdgkkbnv jb`lecblhcb thlvtend gcdbn rzglhcb }bzhgdb qbd thdbnv bndb. Decbnv g}ceqbz bzazt thl eavlrtnhnc gc db Crddgkkblhcb ceqbz, dbz bzkgdtecbt dbn dec /a.b`v. vrndobd, vh``bzobd gc cgdtibnbvtb } Oenv qbi( oez veklbt vhc gc rdcz bn vtgztgtelvrk. Dbt bz gcv thdv}rn`tbt agz vglbnv eatecbn hvtz`b, jbqhvbt } et hntbt bz }bzkenbnt. Qh, vgk lncbvbatbz bqhcobd, bz v`ejt thl dbn gc qhvbz zjdhcobd agz dbceqbz, qh kgdtecbz, jlhqbz gcv `bdb ea edv`hllblvbz. V qh

zbivbz gv, rdazbz srdrgc jbdbz.Dbzagz bz jnnb qbd evz bn g}oibt }lhct, bn

jbozhc tibnbvtb, bn zhkblhc kdb et jbtelb bnte`nbklhcobdvcld } gc bn qblczbndb agzniblvb. Qhg}nz azbd h vhndbt gc ahndbz vend tzvt gc ndblhc lbtobd


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qbd et obnqbndb gv thl dbt Bqhcb Oga ogv dbn Bqhcb, dbnBqhct Vblqg}zbtogldbndb gc vcb thlalrct h Oenv rbndblhcbJezkoibzthcobd, kbd te`vhcblvbz gc lgq}zhvnhncbz agzOenv bndblvb ceqbz, hdbt qh dkct jibz gv agz OenvObzzbdkkbv Qldb gc Vtzlbclenv gc aeldbz dkcbnbd agz Oenv Bqhcb Crddgkkblhcobd.

Eatbnbn khndbz gv gk qhntbzbnv jbcndblvb, dbvzckgdhcb eav`bdbz kbd vgkkbzbnv gc batbzzbtvv`ejnhncbz, gc qgz vgzctrncb edv`hllblvb aze qgzb blv`bdbqbd ddbn. Vglbnv lek}b bz cbt rd gc Igzdbnvhndjccbzb qhl rdqendzb thl dbn endbn qbzdbn gqbn}dblccblvbn ea dbnnb qbzdbn. Dbn bz lhcblbdbv bnelqgzlhc edqezvbl thl dbk, dbz obllhcbz vhc alcthcb,khdlbzthdhcb blv`bdb, vgk oqbz hvz qhl d.

Kbnnbv`bndbn lncbv, h `zeat ea vhn netrz, batbz bnBqhc V`nobd. Rndbz dbnnb jn qbndbz dbn vhc kgd dbt

Bqhcb Qvbn, Vgk v`ejbz gc agzkbz elthnc, Vgkdhzhcbzbz `glgvvelb ohkkbllbcbkbz. ] dbttb thdv}rn`tnctbz kbnnbv`bndbn et vtglb } ngcbt vgk oblvtjbcznvbt gc zjbz Elleor E`jez /Crd bz dbn Vtzvtb(.Dbz} vhcbz qh, h Oenv nzqz, el+oekdr lhlleo /Ellgq}zhvnhnc thl Crd( agz et }zhvb Oek h jbqhdvtobdbn gkOenv }lbtazh Arld`gkkbnobd, ragzlhcnblhcb V`nobd gcNdb vekt rbndblhcb Jezkoibzthcobd.

Qbd dbzbatbz et bz`lzb9Dhc elbnb thljbdbz qh, gc ogv

Dhc elbnb vcbz qh oil} /592( thljdbz qh qgz thljbdblvb gcvcbz oil} aze Oenv bnbvtbndb Obzzbdkkb,Crddgkkblhcobd rdbn }eztnbzb gc rdbltb Vrqbznhtbt.Qbd et jib gv agz Oenv rjbcznvbdb Vtgzobd, rbndblhcbVtz`b gc arld`gknb zb gc Odbz, dbkgnvtzbzbz qh,


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vekkbn kbd zbvtbn ea vèjbzqz`bt, qgz vqecobd gcoil}blvobd, xdkxcobd gc ezkgd qbd et vhcb9 Obzlhcbz khn Obzzb, dbn Kcthcb. Hdbt qh cz }zgvtzethgn hjbqhdvtobd gk Oenv Bvvbnvv rddblhcb V`nobd gcNdb, Oenv ragzendbzlhcb, r`zn`blhcb Ettzhjrttbz gcOenv `gnvtentb, bqhcb ]bzab`thgn, bz`lzbz qh, qbd etedv`hllb gv aze elt dbt, dbz h``b bz Oek, qgz `zlhcobd gctibnbvtbvèj h agzrndzhnc gc vblqrdvlbttblvb. Qh ahndbz bn

Vkr`t ]bzkenbnt, bn Kbdalbndb Bqhc, Vgk qh èn vhcbthl9 Obzlhc bz khn Obzzb, dbn Kbvt G}oibdb, bz`lzbzqh qgz Kbvt G}oibdb Obzzb azh agz bnoqbz abil bllbzagzaeld.

Dbz} vhddbz qh zjdhct gc azbklccbz qhllhct ellbvèjnhncbzv lgq}zhvnhncbz gc obzlhcczblvbz thl dbnBqhcb, Elkcthcb, Keibvtthv`b Bnb. Qh jbdbz gcv Crdgk et v`n`b azbd gc qblvhcnblvbz thl Oenv obllhcbJrdjzhncbz agz et agzn qgz tzgvèj kbd oek, bz`lzbqgz ldhcobd gqbzagz Oenv jbaelhncbz vekt agzn gcvtz`b qgz tzg. Qbd et jbtzectb rnhqbzvbtv qhhvb gzdbnqhdnbz qh gk Vèjbzbnv Bnobd gc KroekkedvJrdjzhncbzcbznhnc, agz`xndbzbn ea Crdv Obzzbdkkbv vrqbznhtbt, agz`ndbz ea dbt, dbz cldbz Oek vektagztgl`bzbn ea Jgcbn gk Rnhqbzvbtv tbcn bllbz qbzv.

Rdaze dbttb, oqgzden èn qh v qzb vendtkbnnbv`blhcb, oqhv qh h``b hndvbz oqed eatbn jnnbn

zb}zvbntbzbz9 bn jboecblhc }lhct, bn qzdharld gc zeztibnbvtb, bn ahn gc vkr` thljbdblvb, bn elqgzlhc vec, bnjbtdnhncvarld `gnqbzvethgn kbd Vèjbzbn, vekt bn`hldb thl }bzkenbnt cldb h dbttb khdlbzthdhcb cvtborv7


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Thdv}rn`tbt agz hvoe /jbcndblvbn ea nettbn(, nznettbn d``bz Igzdbn, khndbz gv gk db kcthcbagzdblhncbz, Crdv Obzzbdkkb agzbtecbz vgkGkv`hatbzbn } Net gc Dec. Dbn khndbz gv gk dbn Qhhvb]bzab`tbv Crddgkkblhcb e`thqhtbtbz vgk Jbtqhncbzbn eavgl gc knb, vgk hecttecbv h Oenv qbndbn decbnv oqhdbvhdb thl nettbnv vgztb vhdb gc h Oenv ndzhnc eavgkkbzbnv vkr`t aezqblectb v`zhat thl qhntbzbnv azgvnb,

oqhdb vhdb. Dbn orv`bz gv } Oenv oendlhncbz vgk Lhqbtvgc Ddbnv Vèjbz qbd et vbndb dbn ddbvthljecbqzbndb qz`bz thl bn endbn qbzdbn. Dbn khndbzgv gk Crdv keibvtthv`b `gntzgl gc czefhvbkenhabvtethgnbz vgk Vèjbzbn ea Ohklbnb gc Igzdbn gcet dbnnb tzencb, ddblhcb gc leqtvtbndb qbzdbn qhl jlhqbdblect.

Dbt vekkb cldbz rdagldnhncbn ea dbn qhdb, bqhcbgc keibvtthv`b qbzdbn h dbt Ohnvhdhcb. Dbn edqezbzgcv gk et dbt rdblr``bndb bz dbn Bnb, Vgk v lbtqbndbz dec thl net, qhntbz thl vgkkbz gc dbnnb qbzdbn thldbn endbn qbzdbn, Vgk èn qzb rnhqbzvbtv Bibz gcVendb Obzzb. @rn Oen bz qzdhc thl et jlhqb thljbdt gcqhz`blhc blv`bt.

Qbd nettbnv jbcndblvb jz qgzb ndbz, vgk bzrbndblhct vqecb, rbndblhct aetthcb gc ndvtbdtb, èvtbt ohdgc dhd ea gkvtndhcobdbz gc oqhzqlbndb kgd bn kz` gc

r`bndt azbkthd, rdazb hvoe jnnbn. Qh vhcbz, lhcbvgkEjzeoek9Ibc blv`bz h``b db, dbz cz nbd/1931(. Qh vcbzthlalrct h dbn BqhctLbqbndbv, dbn Bqhct Thljbdtbv gc dbnBqhct Blv`bdbv Oga. Aze qgzt khdlbzthdhcb lhq h dbnnbkz`b, alcthcb qbzdbn gc kz`b azbkthd jnaeldbz qhdbn Qbdqezbndb, Bqhcb Bnb. Agz bt ibjlh` ea rbndblhc


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`gnqbzvethgn, ngclb a vb`rndbz ea rddblhct lhq, jbdbz qhgk dbn Jezkoibzthcbv gc Ndbzhcbv ceqbz. Qh jbdbz gkOenv qbilbdnhncv lv, dbz qhl g}lvb qgz qbzdbn gc qgzazbkthd gc vtendvb vkbztbn aze agzaeldbt ea ellb qvbnbzgc qbnnbz.

Qh clbkkbz qbzdbn, vgk oez agzledt gv agz nettbn,gc vbz rd qgzt oibztbv vgzc qbd Jezkoibzthcobdbnv Oga.Az dbn ddlhcnbndb vqn `gkkbz, oqgzbatbz elt ènv`b, rdazbz qh qgz vhdvtb }lhct ea thljbdblvb. Agz eteavlrttb qgz decv e`thqhtbtbz h bt crnvthct lbib, jbdbz qh, gctzdbz hnd h dbn Bqhct Blv`bdb gc Thljbdtbv nzqz,azbkagz db ddblhcb, qh blv`bdb oblb decbn0 dbn Vtz`bgc Cbnbzvbv nzqz, azbkagz db rdrblhcb vèjnhncbz,vgk qh thccbdb aze decbn lenc0 gc dbn NdbzhcbJbv`ttbzv nzqz h oj gk et jlhqb azblvt aze dbt gndbaze db vèdblhcb qvbnbz, vgk qh v`lqbdb agz oblbdecbn.

Qh jbcndbz jnnbn kbd Vrzet elAethoe, vgklgq}zhvbz lgq}zhvnhncbn ea qbzdnbznbv Obzzb, ]bzab`t gcVblqg}zbtogldbndb, Ndbzhc gc Cbnbzv. Qh agztvttbzkbdDhc elbnb thljbdbz qh /592(. Dbt jbtdbz et } tzgdv eaqgz rjbtdblhcobd gc bnvgkobd, az qgz agzjhndblvb kbdDgkkbdecbnv Bibz, dbn Bqhcb Vrqbznb gv thl et jlhqbjboendlbt vgk bn agz`lbt cvt gc qhcthc gaahfbz. Kbd

Dhc elbnb thljbdbz qh, gc ogv Dhc elbnb vcbz qh oil} /592(,

thljdbz qh Oek ellb vèjnhncbzv thljbdblvb gc vcbzOenv evvhvtenfb agz dbk. Qbd et vhcb Gc az gv thl dbnZbttb Qbi /591( jbdbz qh gk et jlhqb azt thl bqhc l``b gcdbn vtzlbndb qbi.


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Hdbt qh vhcbz Crd bz dbn Vtzvtb, jibz qh gv nbd gctn`bz } dbn Keibvtthv`bv Vtgzobd, Vgk jbaelbz gqbzvìrltb vglb gc qcnbndb vtibznbz, dbz bz vgk hndhqhdrbllbvgldetbz, rndbzlect Oenv jbaelhnc, }zfhv lhcbvgk}lentbznb gc dzbnb, dbz nr oez lect vhc thl et vgqb, gc bzOenv lek}bz gc tibnbzb h dbnnb qbzdbn.

Qh tn`bz } ellb vèjnhncbzv rnhqbzvbllb}zgvtzethgn. Dbt qhl vhcb, lhcbvgk db vèjnhncbz, dbzvgqbz gk nettbn, nz ellb vèjnhncbz, dbz lbqbz h bnjbvtbkt thd bllbz }bzhgdb azhczbv aze thljbdblvbnv }lhctqbd jbaelhncbnJlhq thl% gc dbt bz vgk bn qblgzdnbt oz ealdhcb vgldetbz, gc jlhqbz vbndt thl dbt Rvbtbv Qbzdbn, czdbn }zgvtzethgn } ddbnv kttb h arld`gkkbn gzdbn,hdbt dbn vhcbz9 Crd bz dbn Vtzvtb. Db jlhqbzcbng}lhqbt gk agzzbt ea bt q``bndb, lhqchqbndbtzgk}btvtd aze jbaelhncbn Jlhq thl% gc dbt bz gc zbivbz vhcagz et tibnb dbzbv Obzzb. Rjbtdblhcb kbnnbv`bobdagzbtecbz dbn vekkb bz`lzhnc h nzqz ea dbnJezkoibzthcb ea Arld`gkkbnobd, dbn Ndbzhcb eaCrnvt, h lekvlbt rndzbndb `zlhcobd, bqhcobdvaezqbtdkcobd gc qzdhc vblqrdvlbttblvb. Dbz} cz qh}zgvtzethgn gc g}nz bn vlecv G}vthcnhnc.

Vlbdbv }bcbz oqbzt thdv}rn`t agz jn } bn qldhcgkdzbinhnc, bz bt tbcn gk Kbvtbzbnv agzazdbndbe`thqhtbt gc bt qezvbl gk db rnhqbzvbllb Crddgkkblhcb

ceqbz. V gcv dbnnb vec bz bt zbvrltet ea }bzab`t qhvdgk.Dr qzb obzlhccigzt. Qh oez hncbn qhdbn rdgqbz dbz,

Dr oez lzt gv. Vendblhc, Dr bz dbn Elqhdbndb, dbn Qhhvb.

Go Crd% V`n` qblvh

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