I N D E X

I N D E X

0. preface

1. SUBMISSION OF PLANS

2. APPLICATION FOR DISCOUNTS

3. INSPECTION STAFF

4. INTERNAL Appliances

5. FIRE ENGINES AND TRAILER PUMPS

6. HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

7. FIRE HYDRANT SERVICE

8. HYDRANT PROTECTION OF COTTON GIN & PRESS FACTORIES 9. MUTUAL AID SCHEME 10. APPENDIX I

11. APPENDIX II

12. APPENDIX III

13. APPENDIX IV

14. APPENDIX V

15. APPENDIX VI

16. INTERNAL GUIDELINES

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FIRE PROTECTION MANUALPREFACEThe First Edition of this Manual was issued by the Calcutta Fire Insurance Association in 1906 and was brought up-to-date and re-issued in 1930. The third, fourth and fifth Editions were published jointly by the Insurance Associations of India and Pakistan in 1948, 1950 and 1953 respectively to provide for the needs of the whole of the areas controlled by these Associations. The subsequent sixth, seventh and eighth Editions were published by the Fire Sectional Committees of Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi and Madras Regional Councils of the Insurance Associations of India. In the ninth Edition published in 1982, amendments and additions were effected to bring the provisions in line with current thinking on fire protection techniques and to encourage installation of fixed fire extinguishing appliances/alarm systems in relatively low hazard risks on the one hand and tighten requirements for design of systems suitable for high hazard risks such as Petroleum Refineries, Petrochemical and Fertiliser Plants on the other hand, which, world-wide experience has indicated, need copious quantities of water and other extinguishing media. In this tenth Edition an effort has been made to further update and streamline the regulations.

The Manual should prove of value to factory owners and their technical personnel when dealing with matters relating to fire extinguishing appliances and also constitute a handy book of reference to Insurance officials.

The maintenance of fire extinguishing appliances in an efficient state and familiarisation with all details of operations is essential if the maximum benefit is to be derived in the emergency of an outbreak of a fire.

The Manual incorporates long experience of fire protection engineering both in India and elsewhere in the world. Compliance of the rules will not only obtain appropriate discount in the fire insurance premium but will also instil feeling of security that the presence of an efficient fire-fighting equipment should engender. Direct loss from fire and the resultant wastage is always serious but the indirect loss and the resultant dislocation of business is often much more serious.

The Regional Offices of Tariff Adv. Committee maintain an inspection staff of qualified engineers, specialists in fire protection and prevention engineering and practice in all its aspects. The services of this staff are available to make recommendations and carry out inspections in keeping with the nature of work. (All references to Committee or staff thereof in this preface and in the body of the Manual apply to the Committee controlling the territory within which the risk is situated).

The Manual initially deals with portable appliances and small bore hose reels, which are considered as first-aid appliances. The regulations regarding trailer pumps are covered next. The last part is devoted to fixed external protection in the form of a hydrant system which is considered the backbone of the entire fire-fighting operations as it fights fires of serious proportions in all classes of risks and continues to do so even in the event of a collapse of the buildings/structures protected. High-rise buildings which have become a common feature of modern society present inherent fire hazard as fire brigades are often helpless in the face of fires in such structures and are unable to save human lives and fight fires effectively with traditional methods. A separate section has, therefore, been devoted for prescribing the specialised type of protection required by these structures.

In case it is desired to install any appliances, which are not covered by this manual, assistance and advice may be obtained from the inspection staff maintained by the Regional Offices.

Wherever reference to any Indian Standard appears in this Manual, it should be taken as a reference to its latest version.

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FIRE PROTECTION MANUALREQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF PLANS:

Plans for submission to the Committee shall be drawn up in accordance with the following requirements: -

1.1. Plans shall be clear, contain all required details including scale and point of Compass and shall be dated.

1.2. Plans of new installations shall show the entire Compound; all buildings therein, with their door and window openings, and the boundary walls. Buildings under construction and future extension envisaged shall be indicated by dotted lines. Plans of extensions to approved existing installations need not show the rest of the compound but sufficient details shall be given of the existing installations in correlation to the extension, to enable the Committees Inspection Staff to check the plans and offer comments. In case of storeyed buildings, drawings submitted shall include plans of each storey together with sectional elevations. The locations and details of fire access staircases together with the arrangements of hydrants on their landings shall also be shown. Further, a Table showing List of Blocks protected as per Committees rules should be given.

1.3. Material: Plans shall be on White paper or Ammonia paper or Ferro Prussiate paper.

1.4. Plans shall generally be prepared in accordance with IS: 696, shall not exceed 850 x 1200 mm in size and shall be drawn to a scale not exceeding 1:500 or 1:1000. In the case of very large compounds with more than one risk, it is advisable to submit separate plans for each risk with a key showing the relative situation of the various risk etc. in the compounds.

1.5. Signs -

1.5.1 Pucca walls to be shown by double lines, doors and windows being clearly marked.

W

D

1.5.2 Iron or other non-masonry walls to be shown by a thin line and nature of Construction indicated.

1.5.3 Perfect Party Walls (PPW) to be indicated by the sign T at each end of the wall, or have the letters PPW alongside or across them at regular intervals and marked in distinctive colour.

1.5.4 Fireproof doors and/or Shutters to be marked as follows -

Single Fireproof Door and/or Shutter SFD

Double Fireproof Doors and/or Shutters DFD

1.5.5 Elevated fire service tanks to be shown hatched and their capacity and height of base above the highest roof to be stated.

N.B. In case of multipurpose elevated tanks, the capacity reserved for sprinkler installation to be indicated instead of the total capacity.

1.5.6 Sky lights to be marked Sky Lights or " SL".

1.5.7 Boiler to be shown by a rectangular figure marked Boiler.

1.5.8 Hydrant Mains to be shown by a red line; the diameter, length and number of pipes being marked alongside and specials and reducers to be clearly indicated.

. . . . . mm LENGTH OF ___ M EACH

1.5.9 Hydrant Heads to be shown by red circles not less than 3 mm in diameter and marked SH. Double Hydrant to be indicated by double circles and marked DH.

1.5.10 Water Monitors to be shown by a circle with an oblique arrow through it and marked, WM

WM

1.5.11 Cut-off valves to be marked/drawn across the mains.

1.5.12 Sprinkler and Hydrant pumps to be clearly marked and the capacity and head to be indicated in each case.

1.5.13 Pump(s) suction piping to be shown dotted and diameter indicated.

1.5.14 Surface fire service Water tanks and reservoirs to be shown to scale and average depth indicated.

1.5.15 Sprinkler trunk mains to be shown by a blue line, the sizes being marked alongside.

. . . . . . mm SPK MAIN

1.5.16 Fire alarm bells to be shown by blue circles and marked FAB.

F.A.B

1.5.17 Sprinklered blocks to be marked S S

1.5.18 Oil, solvent, acid and other chemical tanks to be drawn to scale and suitably marked.

1.5.19 Open storage areas to be clearly shown by hatched outlines and marked Open Storage Site for.

1.5.20 Electric cable(s) for the fire pump(s) to be shown in green line(s)_________________

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2. PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE CASE OF APPLICATION FOR DISCOUNTS:2.0 The sanction of discounts off insurance premiums shall necessarily follow consideration by the Regional Office (TAC) all details of the risk including manufacturing processes involved and the protective appliances to be installed in order to ensure that the Standards laid down have been fully observed. To prevent confusion or disappointment, definite rules for procedure have been laid down as follows: -

2.1 Proposals for the installation of appliances shall be submitted to the Regional Office (TAC) by the Leading Office on the risk and shall comprise-

2.1.1 Material specifications of equipment and components of the installation, indicating the name of manufacturers, Standards/Specifications and name of approving authority, if any.

2.1.2 In the case of internal appliances, details of the areas of the various compartments, their occupation and the quantities and types of appliances proposed.

2.1.3 In the case of sprinkler and hydrant installation, fully dimensioned plans in duplicate as called for in Item 1.

2.1.4 In addition to the above, the following details would be necessary in the case of hydrant installation -

a) (I) Drawings showing layout of the entire hydrant system, incorporating type of joints, details of pump and its prime mover. Another table giving the details of single headed and double headed hydrants, internal hydrants, fire escape hydrants, no. of hose pipes (15 m and 7.5 m length) and branch pipe with nozzles including 10 % spares, mode of distribution of those pipes and total equivalent no. of hydrants should be included. There should be a table showing the percentage of various pipe diameters used in the systems.

a) II) Typical sectional elevation drawing showing the height, dimensions etc. of the stand post for single headed hydrant, double headed hydrants, monitors specifying diameter of nozzle, riser mains and landing valve of riser mains of FEH, Cut-Off valve chambers in plan and elevation should be incorporated.

a) III) In case of blocks having upper floors, separate upper floors plans showing the locations, fire escape hydrants (FEH) and staircases, sectional elevational drawings of the escape staircase; Riser main and location of landing valve of FEH should be submitted, preferably along with, civil construction (architects) drawings of individual blocks

N.B. In the case of storeyed blocks, floor area of each floor, with particulars of fire proof shutters of fireproof door and nearest machinery, wired glass windows etc. to be marked.

b) Layout of pump house showing clearly the suction, delivery and priming (if any) arrangements along with full scale drawing of pump, motor, diesel engine, DG Control panel, MCC for electric driven pumps, Valves etc.

c) Details of water storage tanks giving particular of compartmentation and jack-well, details of inflow and particulars of tapings for other purposes, if any with water reservoir capacity RCC or steel lined or un-lined, combined process water or exclusive fire water reservoir should be given.

d) Sub-station location in relation to other blocks if the pump is electrically driven. If the substation is attached to any other building, the details of segregation from adjoining buildings, indicating transformer room, LT, HT, location of change-over-switch, DG Room etc.

e) Plans of Sub-Station showing thickness of internal walls and equipment layout along with single line schematic diagram of the pump from the main substation to the Fire Pump room along with tapping, circuit breaker and switch fuse units.

f) Route of cable from Sub-Station to fire pump house.

g) Schematic circuit line diagram showing power supply inside the fire pump room.

h) Legend explaining the various symbols used shown should be given.

2.2 Discounts will be considered only if all hand appliances and their accessories as well as all components of hydrant, sprinkler and other fire protection systems are of a type and make, approved by the Tariff Advisory Committee.

2.3 No discounts will be considered for a sprinkler or hydrant system unless the same has been hydraulically tested with trenches open atleast once during the course of installation by the Committee's Inspectorate, and found in order. Further, site engineer of the Installing Contractor should maintain progress record with protocol duly signed by representative of the client and him.

2.4 The prior submission of proposals to the Committee before the work is commenced, is essential, to ensure that the installation will conform to the Committees requirements but does not dispense with the procedure laid down hereafter for application for the sanction of discounts.

2.5 Application for discounts shall be submitted on special forms provided for the purpose by the Committee and shall comprise:

2.5.1 Application by the Leading Office (Appendix I)

2.5.2 Guarantee by the Insured (Appendix II)

2.5.3 Schedule of Appliances (Signed by Insured) (Appendix III)

2.6 In every case, a plan of the premises prepared in accordance with the requirements indicated in 1.1 to 1.5 shall accompany any application for a discount for fire extinguishing appliances and, in the case of sprinkler and/or hydrant installations, Installing Engineers detailed 'As Erected working drawings are essential.

N.B. A Certificate of Completion from the installing Engineers stating the pressure to which the installation(s) has been subjected and giving the date(s) from which it was in complete working order should also be submitted. Further, progress record with protocol duly signed by client, installing contractor and/or project consultants should be submitted.

2.7 Even in the case of extensions to an existing service, a complete set of forms and plants detailed in 2.5 and 2.6 above shall be submitted.

2.8 Applications, which relate to discounts for appliances other than hydrants, shall also be accompanied by a plan of the premises showing the layout and distribution of appliances.

2.9 No application for discount can be entertained until the relative appliances are complete, in position, ready for use and fully operative. An appropriate discount or allowance will be sanctioned by the Committee from the date of the completed application, (in accordance with 2.5 and 2.6 above) subject to the appliances being found in order on inspection by the Committees Inspectorate. In the event of the installation being found incomplete or defective, the discount will be with held (or withdrawn if already notified) until the detects have been rectified to the satisfaction of the Committee.

2.10 No allowance shall be made for Fire Extinguishing Appliances until notified by the Committee either by letter or circular, and then, with effect only from the date specified in such notification.

2.11 Discounts sanctioned solely on account of installation of internal appliances will be valid for a period of four years only; hence fresh applications, accompanied by the report of the Engineers of the Insurance Company (as per Appendix IV) shall be submitted every four years.

2.12 Proposals for the installation of appliances not specifically covered by these rules shall first be submitted to the Committee for approval.

2.13 Offices and the insured are requested not to change block numbers as this naturally affects the Committees records and causes confusion. If block numbers have to be changed, the Committee shall be notified at once.

2.14 Discounts sanctioned for installation of appliances shall normally stand withdrawn in the event of a strike or lockout in the premises for duration of seven days or more. For this reason, it is imperative that the Committee be apprised as soon as a strike or lockout is declared.

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3. COMMITTEE'S INSPECTION STAFF:

3.1 The Committee undertakes, as far as possible, the periodical inspection of all premises in which fire extinguishing appliances, entitling the risk to special discounts or ratings for such appliances, are installed.

For this purpose, the Committees Inspection Engineers shall have the right of access to the premises of the Insured at any time with or without giving any prior notice.

3.2 The Primary duty of the Inspectors is to report to the Committee on the condition and efficiency of the appliances installed as well as to ensure the regulations are being observed. They will, however, give help and advice in the maintenance of the appliances and on matters pertaining to fire protection and prevention.

3.3 The attention of the Inspecting Engineers shall be drawn, during their visits, to any changes effected since the previous inspection or to any contemplated extensions and alterations to the existing services. This procedure does not, however, dispense with the necessity of advising the Insurance Company or Companies interested on the risk of any changes, which affect the plan of the risk or the details of the appliances, recorded with Committee.

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4. INTERNAL APPLIANCES -

4. Internal appliances generally consist of hand appliances (first aid appliances) and hose reels.4.1 HAND APPLIANCES -

4.1.1 GENERAL

4.1.1.1 Hand appliances comprise buckets and extinguishers.

4.1.1.2 ALL APPLIANCES INCLUDING EXTINGUISHER REFILLS AND FOAM COMPOUND SHALL BE IN CAPACITIES INDICATED IN THE RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATION AND SHALL BEAR ISI CERTIFICATION MARK. (Accessories including extinguisher refills shall also be ISI marked) BUCKETS SHALL BE OF ROUND BOTTOM TYPE.

4.1.1.3 The usefulness of these appliances is limited, as it is entirely dependent upon the presence of persons having knowledge to operate them. Everything depends, however, on the speed with which they are brought into use as they are essentially First-Aid equipment, only meant for attacking small fires in their incipient stages and are not intended to deal with large outbreaks of fires.

4.1.1.4 Since a variety of shapes and/or methods of operation of fire extinguishers can at times lead to confusion and as failure to operate the extinguishers properly in the first instance results in failure to quench the fire, it is recommended that extinguishers installed in any one building or single occupancy be similar in shape and appearance and have the same method of operation as far as possible.

4.1.1.5 It is recommended that an indicator board showing the number of buckets and extinguishers installed in each department be provided over or near the main entrance to the department. This will enable the person in charge of the appliances to ascertain at a glance if any appliances are missing.

4.1.1.6 It is advisable to provide conspicuous location indicators of a suitable type for all extinguishers, particularly those located in large compartments.

4.1.2 SELECTION OF HAND APPLIANCES:

4.1.2.1 Various types of hand appliances are available but all are not equally effective on all kinds of fires. For this reason, the nature of contents of a building, the processes carried out therein and the types of fires, which may occur, shall be taken into consideration while selecting fire appliances.

4.1.2.2 The different types of fires and appliances suitable for use on them are as under

ClassCombustiblesHand Appliances

AFires in Ordinary combustibles (Wood, Vegetable fibres, rubber, plastics, Paper and the likes).Gas expelled Water and Antifreeze type extinguishers and Water Buckets.

BFires in flammable liquids, paints, grease, solvents and the likes.Chemical Extin-guishers of Carbon dioxide type and Dry Powder type and Sand Buckets.

CFires in Gaseous substances under pressure and liquefied gases.Chemical Extin-guishers of Carbon di oxide and Dry Powder type.

DFires in reactive chemicals, Active metals and the likes.Special type of Dry Powder, Extin-guishers and sand buckets

N.B - WHERE THE ENERGISED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS ARE INVOLVED IN A FIRE, THE NON-CONDUCTIVITY OF THE EXTINGUISING MEDIA IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE AND ONLY EXTINGUISHERS EXPELLING DRY POWDER OR CARBON-DI-OXIDE (WITHOUT METAL HORN) SHOULD BE USED. ONCE THE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IS DE-ENERGISED EXTINGUISHERS SUITABLE FOR CLASS A, B AND C, MAY BE USED SAFELY.

4.1.3 REQUIREMENTS OF HAND APPLIANCES -

4.1.3.1 Procedure -

The minimum number of fire extinguishers needed to protect a property shall be determined as outlined below -

a) For any property, basic protection shall be appliances suitable for Class A fires, Since Class A fires are of universal character. The number of extinguishers shall be determined according to rule 4.1.3.2.

b) For occupancies where Class B fires are anticipated, a suitable number of appliances determined by rule 4.1.3.2 shall be replaced by appliances as per table under rule 4.1.3.4.

c) For occupancies where fires of C & D types are anticipated, the Committee may recommend appropriate extinguishers.

4.1.3.2 One 9-litre water/sand bucket shall be provided for every 100 sq. m of the floor area or part thereof and one 9-litre water type extinguisher shall be provided to six buckets or part thereof with a minimum of one extinguisher and two buckets per compartment of the building.

N.B. In the case of Cotton Gin and Press factories, the supply of hand appliances shall be doubled that indicated above.

4.1.3.3 Buckets may be dispensed with for occupancies other than Cotton Gin and Press factories, provided the supply of extinguishers is one- and-a-half times that indicated above in case of Light Hazard Occupancies and double that indicated above in case of other occupancies.

Note: For categorisation of occupancies refer rule 7.2

4.1.3.4 Acceptable replacements for water buckets and water type extinguishers in occupancies where Class B fires are anticipated.

Acceptable replacementWATER BUCKETS

Water type Extinguishers

For each 9 litre Extinguisher

For one bucket

For two buckets

Dry Sand1 bucket 3 bucket ---

Carbon-di-Oxide Extinguishers

(IS: 2878)03 Kg.09 Kg09 Kg

Dry Powder Extinguisher

(IS: 2171)

02 Kg 05 Kg 05 Kg

(In one or more extinguishers)

Note- Any combination of the various appliances referred to above may be employed.

4.1.3.5 For electrical equipments, it would be necessary to provide extinguishers as under

4.1.3.5.1 For rooms containing electrical transformers, switchgears, motors and/or electrical apparatus only, not less than two 2 Kg dry powder or carbon dioxide type of extinguishers shall be provided within 15 m of the apparatus.

4.1.3.5.2 Where motors and/or other electrical equipments are installed in rooms other than those containing such equipments only, one 5 Kg dry powder or carbon di oxide extinguisher shall be installed within 15 m of such equipments in addition to the requirement of rules 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.4 for this purpose, the same extinguisher may be deemed to afford protection to all apparatus within 15 m thereof.

4.1.3.5.3 Where electrical motors are installed on platforms, one 2 Kg dry powder or carbon di oxide extinguisher shall be provided on or below each platform.

In the case of long platform with a number of motors, one extinguisher shall be accepted as adequate for every three motors on the common platform.

NB- the above requirement will be in addition to the requirements of rules 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.4

4.1.3.6 If in the premises, fires of class C and D are also likely to occur, the appropriate extinguishers and the number of such extinguisher will be decided by the Committee, in view of the special nature of occupancies.

4.1.3.7 Under special conditions, wheeled type of extinguishers may be installed with the prior approval of the Committee.

4.1.3.8 The appliances shall be so distributed over the entire floor area, that a person has to travel not more than 15 m to reach the nearest appliance.

Example - The following example will illustrate the method of determining the number of fire extinguishers required to give adequate protection for a given property.

Risk: Light Engineering Workshop (Light Hazard).

Area: 315 m x 112 m. i.e. 35,300 sq. m.

Types of Fires:

i) Class `A' fire due to normal combustibles.

ii) Class `B' fire due to existence of Spray Painting process and storage of flammable liquids.

Number of appliances:

i) Basic Protection -

353 Buckets and

59 Water type Extinguishers OR

90 Water types Extinguishers, if buckets are dispensed with.

ii) For Class B fires 2 Water type Extinguishers are replaced by 2 Dry Powder Extinguishers.

iii) For electrical equipments 6 Dry Powder Extinguisher are provided. Thus the final number of Extinguishers is:

Water type

88

Dry Powder type

08

Total

96

4.1.4 Selection of Sites for the Installation of Hand Appliances:

4.1.4.1 When selecting sites for hand appliances due consideration shall be given to the nature of the risk to be covered. Appliances shall be placed in conspicuous position and shall be readily accessible for immediate use in all parts of the occupancy. It should always be borne in mind while selecting sites that hand appliances are intended only for use on incipient fires and their value may be negligible if the fire is not extinguished or brought under control in the early stages.

4.1.4.2 Generally, hand appliances shall be placed as near as possible to exits or staircase landings. Wherever possible, advantage shall be taken of normal routes of escape by placing appliances in positions where they can readily be seen by persons following the natural impulse to get out of danger. It is not advisable to place appliances at the end of rooms remote from exits unless they are necessary to cover a particular hazard there.

4.1.4.3 Buckets shall be placed at convenient and easily accessible locations either on hangers or on stands. In the case of textile mills, it is strongly advised that a bucket be slung at the end of each spinning and roving frame.

4.1.5 Maintenance of Hand Appliances:

4.1.5.1 General

4.1.5.1.1 It is important that hand appliances are always kept in their proper positions and if temporarily removed for repairs, are immediately replaced. In order to ensure this, all concerns shall arrange to provide at least one man, preferably a pump man, whose duty is to see that the fire buckets are filled with water and the extinguishers are in efficient working order and that all appliances are in their correct positions.

4.1.5.1.2 It is recommended that in case the paint of any hand appliance gets chipped off or gets faded; it shall be repainted to prevent it from rust and corrosion.

4.1.5.2 Buckets:

4.1.5.2.1 Fire buckets shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which they are intended, and shall always be kept full of water/sand.

4.1.5.2.2 To prevent breeding of mosquitoes and to comply with rules of local bodies, the water in fire buckets shall be refilled every week and treated with sapon creosote or phenyl in suitable quantities to just discolour the water.

4.1.5.2.3 All buckets shall be refilled with clean water or sand, as the case may be, immediately after use.

4.1.5.2.4 Spare buckets to the extent of 10 % of the total number installed on the premises, subject to a maximum of 50, shall always be kept in store.

4.1.5.3 Extinguishers:

4.1.5.3.1 Spare charges to the extent of 10 % of the total number of extinguishers installed, with a minimum of two shall always be kept in stock for each type of extinguisher and be readily available.

4.1.5.3.2 Once a week, the extinguisher shall be checked to ensure that all movable parts are working properly, that the plunger is in fully extended position, that the nozzle is not obstructed in any way and that there is no leakage of the extinguishing medium from the glands and nozzles. The extinguishers shall be cleaned superficially and the brass parts polished. The nozzle outlet and vent holes in the threaded portion of the cap shall be checked for clogging.

4.1.5.3.3 Once a month, extinguishers of the Carbon Dioxide type shall be weighed. If the weight recorded for any extinguisher is less than 90 % of the weight of the fully charged extinguisher as marked on the body, the extinguisher shall be sent for recharging.

4.1.5.3.4 Half the total number of water type of extinguishers and one-fifth of the total number of Dry Powder Extinguishers installed in the premises shall be subjected to an operation test annually. Advantage shall be taken of this test to impart training in the use of extinguishers, to the staff employed on the premises where the extinguishers are located.

N.B. Extinguishers, which have been used in a fire during a period of six months preceding the tests, need not be taken for testing.

4.1.5.3.5 Extinguishers installed in the premises shall be subjected to a hydraulic test as specified in IS: 2190 and at such intervals as laid down therein. Extinguishers found leaking or distorted shall be rejected. Under no circumstances shall such extinguishers be welded and reused.

N.B. The hydraulic test shall be certified by the manufacturer(s) of the appliance(s) or the factory Chief Engineer or the Factory Fire OR SAFETY OFFICER or the service contractors.

4.1.5.3.6 A record of the operation and hydraulic tests shall be maintained, which shall be open to examination by the Committees inspection staff.

4.1.5.3.7 The operating instructions of the extinguishers shall not be defaced or obliterated. In case the operating instructions are obliterated or have become illegible due to passage of time, fresh transfers of the same shall be obtained from the manufacturers of the appliances and affixed to the extinguishers.

4.2 Small Bore Hose Reels:

(This sort of protection is not deemed suitable for buildings/compartments containing electrical apparatus only or in respect of buildings/ compartments in which flammable liquids are stored and/or used)

4.2.1 HOSE REELS SHALL NORMALLY BE CONNECTED TO THE GENERAL WATER SUPPLY PIPELINES OF THE PLANT/PREMISES.

4.2.2 The number and distribution of hose reels shall be such that the whole of each floor is protected and that no part of the floor is more than 6 m. distant from a hose nozzle when the hose is fully extended.

4.2.3 The hose reel shall be such as will enable not less than 22.5 litres of water to be discharged per minute through a nozzle of not more than 6.35 mm. internal diameter.

4.2.4 Hose shall be of reinforced rubber not less than 19 mm. and not more than 32 mm. internal diameter.

4.2.5 Hose lengths shall not exceed 36.50 m.

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5. MECHANICALLY DRIVEN FIRE ENGINES AND TRAILER PUMPS

5.1 Application:

5.1.1 This method of protection will be accepted on its own merits for the protection of blocks/facilities (other than open storage) in light and ordinary hazard occupancies. Even in these occupancies buildings, which have the highest point of the roof not exceeding 20 meters, shall only be deemed to be protected.

5.1.2 For effective application, mobile engines and/or trailer pumps shall be sited at convenient locations from where they can be speedily moved to any portion of the compound in the event of a fire and for this purpose adequate vehicular arrangements shall be available for towing trailer pumps.

5.2 Personnel:

In order to qualify for recognition, a fire fighting squad in accordance with rules 7.9.1 to 7.9.10 shall be maintained on the premises round the clock.

5.3 Equipment:

5.3.1 Trailer pumps and motor fire engines shall comply with the relevant Indian Standards Specification or equivalent foreign specification and carry the requisite number and type of fittings and accessories specified in such standards. Besides, each trailer pump shall be provided with 12 lengths of 15 m long hosepipes of 63 mm diameter and six branch pipes with nozzles of 18 mm diameter. For each motor fire engine, eighteen hosepipes each 15 m long and 63 mm diameter and nozzles of 18 mm shall be provided along with nine branch piupes.

5.3.2 The capacities of individual trailer pumps and motor fire engine shall not be less than

Trailer Pump30 litres per second at 5.6 kg./sq. cm.

Motor Fire Engines30 litres per second at 7.0 kg./sq. cm.

5.3.3 The number of appliances required shall not be less than that laid down hereunder -

a) Light Hazard Occupancies1trailer pump for every 7,000 m2 of total built up area of protected process and storage blocks subject to a maximum of 3

b) Ordinary Hazard Occupancies1trailer pump for every 5,000 Sq. m. of total built up area of protected process and storage blocks subject to a max. 4

N.B. - One motor fire engine could be provided as substitute for two trailer pumps. Portable fire pump sets (1,100-1,600 l/min.) Can also be accepted treating such units as equivalent to one trailer pump of 1,800 l/min provided these sets conform to IS: 12717-1989.

5.3.4 For storeyed structures, in addition to the trailer pumps and/or motor fire engines, dry risers of size conforming to N.B. 4 under rule 7.5.10 shall be installed with hydrant outlets at each floor level and double male instantaneous inlets at ground level to serve as connections for the trailer pumps in the event of a fire. The hydrants for the upper floors shall be installed on landings of access staircases complying with rule 7.6.15 and a hose box containing two lengths of hose of 7.5 m (or 25 ft.) each and one nozzle shall be provided alongside each of the upper floor hydrants. The number of risers per building and correspondingly the number of access staircases shall depend on the floor area of upper storeys and for this purpose the requirement of rule 7.6.15 shall apply.

N.B. Where it is not possible to fully comply with the provisions of rule 7.6.15, reference shall be made to the Committee.

5.4 Water Supply:

5.4.1 The water supply to be drawn upon by trailer pumps or motor fire engines shall be available in static tanks of at least 45,000 litres capacity so located that no part of a protected building lies beyond 100 m. of the tank(s).

N.B. 1. In the case of storeyed buildings, the tank shall not be more than 50 m. from any part of the building.

N.B. 2. Provision shall be made for indicating the capacity of the tanks for various depths.

5.4.2 One static tank shall be provided for buildings with light hazard occupancy and two for buildings with ordinary hazard occupancy. (Tank shall be so located as to give easy access to the fire brigade).

N.B. The same tank(s) shall be considered as the source of water supply for all detached buildings where no part of the building(s) lies beyond 100 m. of the tank. The above distance shall be reduced to 50 m. in the case of storeyed buildings.

5.4.3 Double-headed hydrants or water plugs of 100 mm diameter fitted to the pressurised general water service main of the premises may be considered as an alternative to static tank provided that:

a) The water-pressure constantly maintained in the main is not less than 0.7 kg./cm2.

b) The size of the main is at least 100 mm.

c) For light hazard occupancy, one double- headed hydrant or one 100 mm water plug is so located that no part of the building is beyond 100 m thereof. For ordinary hazard occupancy, two double- headed hydrants or two 100 mm water plugs are located as above.

N.B. In the case of storeyed buildings, the above distance shall be reduced to 50 m.

d) The pumping capacity of the general water supply is not less than the aggregate pumping capacity of the trailer pumps and/or motor fire engines.

e) The storage of general water supply is in excess of 1,00,000 litres.

6. HYDRANT PROTECTION OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS (NON-INDUSTRIAL)

6.1 Introduction -

6.1.1 A building, the highest floor of which is more than 22 M above the surrounding pavement level, shall be considered as a high-rise building.

6.1.2 The rules are applicable to all types of buildings with non-industrial occupancies such as Residential Hotels, Mercantile/ Business/Office buildings, apartments etc.

6.1.3 In case of Buildings situated in slopping terrain, reference shall be made to the Committee in advance with full particulars.

6.2 Hydrant Protection (at ground or yard levels) -

6.2.1 The ground level protection with hydrants on terminal mains will be acceptable, provided the plinth area of the building to be protected is less than 750 m2. The location of the hydrants at ground level as well as the layout of the hydrants system shall, otherwise, comply with various provisions under Section 7 of this manual.

6.2.2 In case of buildings having a plinth area in excess of 750 m2, the location of the hydrants at ground level as well as the layout of the hydrant system shall be governed by the appropriate provisions under Section 7.6 of this manual. The Committee reserves its right of insisting on water monitors in place of few hydrants if deemed necessary.

6.2.3 Orifice plates of suitable design shall be provided in the landing valves, where necessary, to limit the operating pressures within 7 kg/cm2.

6.2.4 Except where impracticable, all hydrant outlets shall be situated 1.0 m above ground level.

6.3 Hydrant Protection - at various upper/lower (basement) levels

6.3.1 Access staircase

6.3.1.1 Design for a new building shall include provisions for adequate access staircases and lifts to provide efficient means of escape and facilities for fire fighting.

6.3.1.2 One lobby approach staircase along with fire lift shall be provided for every 1,000 m2 of floor area of each storey/level (including basements). Normally a minimum of two such staircases shall be required but in case the area of each storey is less than 500 m2, one staircase is acceptable.

6.3.1.3 The lobby approach staircase shall be of non-combustible construction. At least 50 % of total numbers of staircases required (with a minimum of one) shall be so located that one of their enclosing walls be an external wall of the building.

6.3.1.4 Doors at the entrances of both the lobby approach access staircases and fire lifts shall be provided with self-closing, smoke-tight doors having one-hour fire resistance. This arrangement will enable escape and fire fighting to be effected more efficiently.

NOTE: If the staircases and the fire lifts are located in the core of the building, a positive pressure of 50 Pa or 20 Pa in excess of pressure in the lobby whichever is higher, shall be maintained within the former as an alternative to the above provision.

6.3.1.5 The fire lifts shall be controlled by the fire brigade recall from the concourse level and shall not respond to other calls after the fire brigade key has been activated. The cable supplying power to the lift motor shall pass through routes of negligible fire risk.

6.3.2 Wet Risers -

6.3.2.1 Wet riser(s) is/are a pipe or a number of pipes, permanently charged with water under pressure, rising through the full height of the building.

6.3.2.2 The wet risers shall be located within the lobby approach staircases.

6.3.2.3 The diameter of the riser pipes shall not be less than 150 mm anywhere. One or two landing valves shall be connected to the riser pipe at each storey/level. In case of excessive pressures in hydrant outlets at lower levels, orifice plates of suitable design shall be provided in the landing valves, where necessary, to limit the operating pressure to 7 kg/cm2.

6.4 Hose Pipes and Nozzles

6.4.1 Sufficient length of hose, subject to a minimum of two lengths of 15 M each with couplings attached, shall be provided for use in case of each hydrant point on risers. In addition, one nozzle of 20 mm size fitted to a branch pipe shall also be provided. To avoid water damage, it is advisable to have reinforced rubber-lined hoses for use with internal hydrants. (IS-636)

6.4.2 The number of hose pipes provided near external yard hydrants shall be such that no part of the floor is more than 15 M from a hose nozzle when the hose is fully extended and connected to hydrant landing valve.

6.4.3 Hoses, nozzles and branch pipes shall be kept adjacent to the hydrant outlet, in wall boxes or recesses in the walls specially designed to blend architecturally with the buildings, if so desired. All other requirements relating to the appurtenances shall be as per the provisions under Section 7.7 of this Manual.

6.5 Pumping Arrangements

6.5.1 Each wet hydrant installation shall be supplied with water by an auto-start pumping set. A stand-by pump set of identical pumping capacity having a different prime mover shall also be provided.

6.5.2 Pumps shall have capacities of 38 Litres. per seconds (137 m3 per hour) or 47 Litres. per second (171 m3 per hour) and the head generated at the rated discharge shall be such that a minimum pressure of 3.5 Kg/cm2 will be available at the highest landing valve in the premises.

6.5.3 The suction, delivery and priming arrangements for the pump shall comply with provision under Section 7.4.1 of this Manual.

6.5.4 Jockey pump(s) shall be installed in addition to the main pump set(s). The pressure setting for the pump(s) shall be such that it cuts in approximately at 0.35 Kg/cm2 below the normal system pressure and cut out at normal system pressure. The main fire pump(s) shall be arranged to cut in approximately at 1 Kg/cm2 below the normal system pressure and shall be capable only of manual shut down at churn pressure.

6.5.5 The power supply to the fire pump(s) shall be independent of all other supplies within the premises. In other words even when the power supply to the entire premises is switched off, the supply to the fire pump(s) and other essential equipment shall remain uninterrupted.

6.5.6 Pump room shall be normally located detached in the compound of the building and shall preferably be 6 m away from the building. Where it is not feasible the pump room can be located inside the building provided it is segregated from the remainder of the building in accordance with Committees regulations and access to the pump room from the out side of the building shall be either direct or through a passage which has no openings other than to the pump room.

6.5.7 The pumping installation for the high rise installations shall conform to anyone of the following methods to avoid undesirably high pressures in the riser mains -

a) Two pumps, one having a low head connected to the riser feeding the lower storeys and the other having a higher head connected to the risers feeding the upper storeys, shall be installed.

b) A multistage multi-outlet pump shall be installed, separate outlets being connected to the riser feeding the lower storeys and those feeding the upper floors. (See figure 1 and 2)

N.B. - For buildings over 60 M in height, hydrant system may either be designed as above or may be divided into pressure zones. For each zone the water supply for the fire protection would be designed to have pressure within the normal operating ranges and zones of eight to ten storeys would be adequate with a check valve in each zone to prevent the transmission of pressure to the zone below (each zone shall have a height of 20 m to 25 m)

In each zone of fire protection piping, there shall be a gravity or pressure tank supply. This shall be supplemented by a fire pump to provide required flow in the zone. The fire pump shall not be used to fill gravity or pressure tank.

This should be filled from domestic water lines. In this arrangement, the pump in the lowest zone takes suction from suction tank located at ground floor whereas pumps in other zones take suction from the gravity/pressure tanks in the respective zone (See. Fig. 3)

N.B.1: - In addition to the above system, a gravity tank of 25,000 litres capacity shall be provided on the top of the building and it shall be connected to the pump delivery through a non-return valve.

N.B.2 - The pump controls can be located with the pump in each zone. It can also be provided at the ground floor depending upon the suitability and practicability of the particular building in question.

6.6 Water Source -

6.6.1 Effective capacity of fire fighting tank (See rule No. 7.3) shall not be less than 2 hrs. aggregate pumping capacity for buildings less than 60 m in height. The tank capacity shall, however, be increased to 3 hrs. pumping capacity for buildings having height 60 m and above. The tanks shall be constructed in two independent but interconnected compartments as per rule 7.3 of this Manual.

The fire tank must be in two compartments with a baffle wall in between not going right down to the base of the tank. This arrangement will ensure proper circulation of the firewater and prevent stagnation. (See figure below).

6.6.2 The storage tank shall be provided with a 150 mm fire brigade pumping connection to discharge at least 2,275 Litres per minute into the tank. This connection shall not be taken directly into the side of the storage tank, but arranged to discharge not less than 150 mm above the overflow level of the tank. The connection shall be fitted with stop valve in a position approved by the committee in advance. An overflow connection discharging to a visible drain point shall be provided from the storage tank.

6.6.3 The fire brigade connection shall be fitted with four numbers of 63 mm instantaneous inlets in a glass fronted wall box at a suitable position at street level, so located as to make the inlets accessible from outside of the building. The size of the wall box shall be adequate to allow hose to be connected to the inlets, even if the door cannot be opened and the glass has to be broken. Each box shall have fall of 25 mm towards the front at its base and shall be glazed with wired glass with "FIRE BRIGADE INLET" painted on the inner face of the glass in 50 mm size block letters.

6.6.4 In addition to the emergency fire brigade connection to the storage tank, a 150 mm connection shall be taken from the four 63 mm instantaneous inlets direct to each hydrant riser so that the fire brigade may pump to the hydrants in the event of hydrant pumps being out of the commission. The connection direct to each riser shall be fitted with a sluice and reflux valve each.

6.7 Fire Fighting Staff

6.7.1 A fire fighting squad consisting of security and maintenance personnel under the command of a trained fire chief, conversant with the fire control system of the premises, shall be available. Further, the public fire brigade shall also be acquainted with what is being installed in the premises and how the protection systems operate. For this purpose, details of the arrangements for fire fighting systems and the layout plan incorporating the position of the existing fire protection system shall be forwarded to the local fire brigade for their information and necessary action.

6.7.2 As the efficiency of the wet riser system depends on the manner and speed at which they are brought into use, a squad consisting of trained personnel and fire pimp man shall be maintained on the premises round the clock. The number of personnel for the squad shall necessarily depend upon the size of the building but in no case shall be less than four trained persons (excluding officer in charge on duty and pump man) be available at anytime during the day or night.

6.7.3 A public address system shall be provided on each floor including the control room in order to enable security and fire fighting staff to give evacuation instructions to the occupants in case of fire. Evacuation drills shall be arranged periodically.

6.7.4 A metal strip of 25 mm x 3 mm section shall be provided in the staircase enclosure running throughout the height of the building to facilitate transmission and reception of fire messages through walkie-talkie sets used by brigade personnel. The strip shall be electrically insulated from the ground.

6.7.5 A plan of the risk giving floor-wise details of all fire extinguishing appliances and water supplied shall be displayed in the pump house as well as in the room of the security/fire officer who is in charge of the appliances.

* * * * * * * * * * * * *

7. HYDRANT SERVICE -

Installation of Hand Appliances as per the Committees Regulations is a prerequisite for any occupancy, other than storage occupancy, to be entitled to allowance for this system.

7.1 GENERAL -

7.1.0 The following Regulations are not applicable to High-Rise Buildings, the highest floor of which is more than 22 m above the surrounding ground level or to Cotton Gin and Press Factories, for which reference may be made to Sections 6 and 8 respectively.

7.1.1 A well designed and well laid hydrant service is the backbone of the entire fire fighting equipment as it fights fires of serious proportions in all classes of risks and continues to be in full operation even if part(s) of affected buildings and/or structures have collapsed, and also keeps cool all adjoining properties, thereby minimising the exposure hazards.

7.1.2 The advantages of providing for possible future extensions in any scheme of hydrant protection is often overlooked. A comparatively small extension with its attendant friction losses may overload a main so seriously as to necessitate replacement by one of larger size and the small additional initial cost of mains of somewhat larger capacity than immediate requirements may call for, often leads to ultimate economy.

7.1.3 All components of the hydrant system shall be of a type and make approved by the Tariff Advisory Committee.

7.1.4 The standards laid down in this Manual represent the accumulated experience of many years but even when a hydrant service is designed and laid in accordance with these standards, its efficiency in fire fighting will ultimately depend upon the rapidity with which it is brought into action and the ability with which its effort is directed.

7.1.5 The maintenance of an installation is equally vital and the importance of organised wet drills at regular intervals, which ensure that each man carries out his allotted duties in the shortest possible time cannot be too strongly emphasised. (Please see rule 7.10 in this connection).

7.2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF OCCUPANCIES -

7.2.0 As the water supply, pumping capacity and other features of the hydrant system depend not only on the size of the risk but also on its fire growth and spread potentialities, the risks are to be categorised under the following classes for the purpose of hydrant system design:

N.B. For categorisation of occupancies not listed hereunder reference shall be made to the Regional Offices.

7.2.1 LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:

1. Abrasive Manufacturing Premises

2. Aerated Water Factories

3. Agarbatti Manufacturing

4. Aluminium/Zinc and Copper Factories

5. Analytical and/or Quality Control Laboratories

6. Asbestos Steam Packing & Lagging Manufacturers.

7. Battery Charging/Service Station

8. Battery Manufacturing

9. Breweries

10. Brick Works

11. Canning Factories

12. Cardamom Factories

13. Cement Factories and/or Asbestos Products Manufacturing.

14. Ceramic Factories and Crockery and Stoneware Pipe Manufacturing.

15. Cinema Theatres (including Preview Theatres)

16. Clay Works

17. Clock and Watch Manufacturing

18. Clubs

19. Coffee Curing & Roasting Premise

20. Computer installations (Main Frame)

21. Condensed Milk Factories, Milk Pasteurising Plant and Dairies.

22. Confectionery Manufacturing

23. Dwellings

24. Educational and Research Institutes

25. Electric Generating Houses (Hydel)

26. Electric Lamps (Incandescent & Fluorescent) and TV Picture Tube Manufacturing.

27. Electric Sub-Station/Distribution Station.

28. Electro Plating Works.

29. Electronic and/or Computer Equipments Assemble and Manufactures

30. Empty Containers Storage Yard

31. Engineering Workshops.

32. Fruits and Vegetables Dehydrating/Drying Factories.

33. Fruit Products and Condiment Factories.

34. Glass & Glass Fibre Manufacturing.

35. Godowns and Warehouses Storing non-combustible Goods.

36. Green houses

37. Gold Thread Factories/Gilding Factories.

38. Gum and/or Glue and Gelatine Manufacturing.

39. Hospitals including X-ray and other Diagnostic Clinics.

40. Ice Candy and Ice-cream Manufacturing.

41. Ice Factories.

42. Ink (excluding Printing Ink) Factories

43. Laundries.

44. Libraries.

45. Mica Products Manufacturing.

46. Office Premises.

47. Places of worship

48. Pottery Works.

49. Poultry Farms.

50. Residential Hotels, Cafes & Restaurants.

51. Salt Crushing Factories and Refineries.

52. Stables.

53. Steel Plants (other than Gas based)

54. Sugar Candy Manufacturing.

55. Sugar Factories and Refineries.

56. Tea Blending and Tea Packing Factories

57. Umbrella Assembling Factories

58. Vermicelli Factories.

59. Water Treatment/Water Filtration Plants and Water Pump House.

7.2.2 ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:

1. Airport and other Transportation Terminal Building.

2. Areca nut slicing and/or Betel nut Factories.

3. Atta and Cereal Grinding.

4. Bakeries.

5. Beedi Factories.

6. Biscuit Factories.

7. Bobbin Factories.

8. Bookbinders, Envelopes & Paper bag Manufacturers.

9. Bulk Storage

10. Cable manufacturing

11. Camphor Boiling

12. Candle Works.

13. Carbon Paper/Typewriter Ribbon Manufacturers.

14. Cardboard Box Manufacturing.

15. Carpenters, Wood wool & Furniture Manufacturers.

16. Carpet and Drugget Factories.

17. Cashew nut Factories.

18. Chemical Manufacturing.

19. Cigar and Cigarette Factories.

20. Coffee grinding premises

21. Coir, Factories,

22. Coir Carpets, Rugs and Tobacco, Hides and Skin Presses

23. Cold storage premises.

24. Cork products manufacturing

25. Dry Cleaning, Dyeing, Laundries.

26. Electric Generating stations (other than Hydel)

27. Enamelware Factories.

28. Filter & Wax paper Manufacturing.

29. Flour Mills.

30. Garages.

31. Garment Makers

32. Ghee Factories (other than vegetable)

33. Godowns & Warehouses (others).

34. Grain and/or Seeds Disintegrating and/or Crushing Factories.

35. Grease Manufacturing.

36. Hat and Topee Factories.

37. Hosiery, Lace, Embroidery & Thread Factories.

38. Incandescent Gas Mantle Manufacturers,

39. Industrial Gas Mfg. Including halogenated hydrocarbon gases

40. Linoleum Factories.

41. Man-made Yarn/Fibre Manufacturing (Except Acrylic)

42. Manure and Fertiliser Works. (Blending, Mixing and granulating only)

43. Mercantile Occupancies (Dept. Stores, Shopping Complexes / Malls)

44. Mineral Oil Blending and Processing.

45. Museums.

46. Oil & Leather Cloth Factories.

47. Oil Terminals/Depots other than those categorised under High hazard A

48. Oxygen Plants.

49. Plywood Manufacturing/Wood Veneering Factories.

50. Paper & Cardboard Mills.

51. Piers, wharves, dockyards.

52. Plastic Goods Manufacturing.

53. Printing Press Premises.

54. Pulverising and Crushing Mills.

55. Rice Mills.

56. Rope Works.

57. Rubber Goods Manufacturing.

58. Rubber Tyres & Tubes Manufacturing

59. Shellac Factories.

60. Shopping Complexes (underground)

61. Silk Filatures and cocoon stores.

62. Spray painting

63. Soaps and Glycerine Factories.

64. Starch Factories

65. Steel Plants (Gas Based)

66. Tanneries/Leather Goods Manufacturers.

67. Tank farms other than those categorised under high hazard 'A'.

68. Textile Mills.

69. Tea Factories.

70. Telephone Exchanges.

71. Theatres and Auditoriums

72. Tobacco (Chewing) and Pan-masalla Making.

73. Tobacco Grinding and Crushing.

74. Tobacco Redrying Factories.

75. Woollen Mills.

7.2.3 HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:

SUB-CATEGORY (A)

1. Aircraft Hangers

2. Aluminium/Magnesium Powder Plants

3. Bituminised Paper and/or Hessian Cloth Manufacturing including Tar Felt Manufacturing.

4. Cotton Waste Factories

5. Coal and/or Coke and/or Charcoal Ball Briquettes Manufacturing.

6. Celluloid Goods Manufacturing.

7. Cigarette Filter Manufacturing.

8. Cinema Films & T.V. Production Studios

9. Collieries.

10. Cotton Seed Cleaning or De-linting Factories.

11. Distilleries.

12. Duplicating and Stencil Paper Manufacturing.

13. Fire-works Manufacturing.

14. Foamed Plastics Manufacturing and/or Converting Plants.

15. Grass, Hay, Fodder & Bhoosa (chaff)

16. Pressing Factories.

17. Jute mills & jute presses

18. LPG Bottling Plants (Mini)* * Bottling plants having total inventory not exceeding 100 MT of LPG and also bottling a total quantity of not exceeding 20 MT of LPG per shift of 8 hrs.

19. Match Factories.

20. Man Made Fibres (Acrylic fibres/yarn making)

21. Mattress and Pillow Making.

22. Metal or Tin Printers (where more than 50 % of floor area is occupied as Engineering Workshop; this may be taken as Ordinary Hazard Risk)

23. Oil Mills

24. Oil Extraction Plants (other than those forming part of ghee factories & oil refining factories.)

25. Oil Terminals/Depots handling flammable liquids having flash point of 32o C and below.

26. Paints & Varnish Factories.

27. Printing Ink Manufacturing.

28. Saw Mills.

29. Sponge Iron Plants.

30. Surgical Cotton Manufacturers

31. Tank Farms storing flammable liquids having flash point of 32o C and below.

32. Tarpaulin & Canvas Proofing Factories.

33. Turpentine & Rosin Distilleries.

34. Tyre Retreading and Resoling Factories.

SUB-CATEGORY (B)

1. Ammonia and Urea Synthesis Plants.

2. CNG Compressing and Bottling Plants

3. Explosive Factories.

4. LPG Bottling Plants (Other than Mini)

5. Petrochemical Plants.

6. Petroleum Refineries.

7.3 WATER SUPPLY -

7.3.1 Water for the hydrant services shall be stored in an easily accessible surface/underground lined reservoir or above ground tanks of steel concrete or masonry. The effective capacity of the reservoir above the low water level (defined hereunder), or above the top of the pump casing (in case of flooded suction) if the same is higher than the low water level, for the various classes of occupancies and size of hydrant installations shall be as indicated in the table 1.

NOTES

1. The low water level is a point atleast three times the diameter of the suction pipe above the draw-off point. (See figs.4, 5 and 6)

2. Large natural reservoirs with water capacity exceeding 10 times the aggregate water requirements of all Fire Pumps therefrorm may be left un-lined.

7.3.2 Reservoirs of and over 2,25,000 litres capacity shall be in two interconnected equal compartments to facilitates cleaning and repairs.

7.3.3 The size of the firewater sump shall be such that the smaller side is at least equivalent to six times the diameter of the largest suction pipe. The suction pipe (s) shall be located along the central longitudinal axis of the sump and the positioning of the pipes shall be such that no pipe is within a distance of twice its own diameter from another suction pipe or from the wall of the sump.

7.3.4 Where the Fire pump(s) draw water from the reservoir under suction lift conditions the two compartments shall be connected to a common sump through sluice or gate valves. The suction arrangement of the Fire pump (s) shall be as indicated in rule 7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.10 and 7.4.1.12 hereunder.

7.3.5 In case of dual purpose reservoirs catering to fire water and general water requirements the general water pumps shall draw their supply from a separate sump which shall be connected only to the fire water sump, the interconnection being so located that the effective quantity (as defined above) of water available in the reservoir for fire water requirements below the level of the interconnection is atleast equivalent to the quantities indicated in Table 1. Incoming mains shall be connected to Fire water Compartments and only overflow of fire water compartments should go to process.

7.3.6 Where the reservoir provides positive suction for the fire pump(s) in terms of the note under rules 7.4.1.11, tapping shall be taken from both the compartments and shall be connected through sluice valves to a common suction header. The pumps, in turn, shall draw their suction from the common header through sluice valves. In case of dual purpose reservoirs catering to fire water and general water requirements, the tapping for the general water pumps shall be taken at a higher level such that the capacity of the reservoir between the low water level as defined heretofore (or the top of the fire pump casing in case it is higher than the low water level) and the general water tapping is at least equivalent to the requirements indicated in Table 1.

TABLE - 1

NATURE OF RISKCAPACITY OF STATIC STORAGE EXCLUSIVELY RESERVED FOR HYDRANT SERVICE.

1. Light HazardNot less than 01 hours aggregate pumping capacity with a minimum of 1,35,000 litres.

2. Ordinary HazardNot less than 2 hours aggregate pumping capacity.

3. High Hazard (A)Not less than 3 hours aggregate pumping capacity

4. High Hazard (B)Not less than 4 hour's aggregate pumping capacity

NOTES

1. The capacity of the reservoir for ordinary and high hazard class occupancies may be reduced by the quantum of inflow [of one hour in case of ordinary hazard, 90 minutes in case of high hazard (A) and two hours in case of high hazard (B) occupancies), from a reliable sources (other than town's main) having prior approval of the committee, but in no case shall the reservoir capacity be less than 70 % of that mentioned above.

2. In case of light hazard class occupancies the minimum capacity of the reservoir shall be increased to 2,25,000 litres if the highest floor of the building is more than 15 m above the surrounding ground level.

3. A higher capacity of reservoir than that required as per Table 1 may be stipulated by the Committee where considered necessary.

7.4 PUMPS:

7.4.1 GENERAL

7.4.1.1 Pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purposes, be of a type approved by the Committee, and shall be -

a) Quadruple acting reciprocating steam pumps Orb) Electric Motor or Steam Turbine driven centrifugal pumps Orc) Compression Ignition Engine driven centrifugal pumps Ord) Vertical Turbine Submersible pumps.

7.4.1.2 Pumps shall be direct-coupled, except in the case of engine-driven Vertical Turbine Pumps wherein gear drives conforming to approval standard of Factory Mutual system or right angled gear drive class no. 1338 hall be used.

Belt-driven pumps shall not be accepted.

7.4.1.3 Parts of pumps like impeller, shaft sleeve, wearing ring etc. shall be of non-corrosive metal preferably of brass or bronze or stainless steel.

Where seawater is used or where the quality of water necessitates the use of special metals/alloys, the use of such metals or alloys shall be insisted.

7.4.1.4 The capacity of the pump(s) would depend on whether or not tapping(s) for water spray and/or foam protection for tanks/spheres/bullets/plants/other facilities is (are) taken from the hydrant service. In case there is no tapping from the hydrant service, the capacity of the pump shall be as per rule 7.4.1.4.1 hereunder. However, where the water demand for water spray and/or foam protection as per rules 7.4.1.4.2, 7.4.1.4.3, 7.4.1.4.4, 7.4.1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 is in excess of that required for the hydrant system, the pumping capacity shall be based on the higher water demand.

7.4.1.4.1 The capacity for hydrant service shall be determined by the class of occupancy and size of installation as per Table 2 hereunder:

TABLE - 2

NATURE OF RISKNUMBER OF HYDRANTSPUMP CAPACITY LPS/(M3/HR)DELIVERY PRESSURE AT PUMP DISCHARGE AT RATED CAP- ACITY (KG/CM2)

1. Light Hazardi) Not exceeding 2027 (96)5.6*

ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 5538 (137)7

iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 10047 (171)7

iv) Exceeding 100 **47 (171) plus 47 (171) for every add-itional 125 hydrants or part thereof.

7/8.8

NOTES

*1. The pump delivery pressure will need to be 7 kg/cm2 if the highest floor of the risk is at a height exceeding 15 m above the surrounding ground level.**2. Where the systems are hydraulically designed as per NB 2 & NB 3 below rule 7.5.10. The total pumping capacity need not be greater than 190 (683) irrespective of the number of hydrant points.

NATURE OF RISKNUMBER OF HYDRANTSPUMP CAPACITY LPS/(M3/HR)DELIVERY PRESSURE AT PUMP DISCHARGE AT RATED CAP- ACITY (KG/CM2)

2. Ordinary Hazardi) Not exceeding 2038 (137)7

ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 5547 (171)7

iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 10076 (273)7

iv) Exceeding 100 **76 (273) plus 76 (273) for every add-itional 125 hydrants or part thereof.

7/8.8

**N.B: Where the systems are hydraulically designed as per NB 2 & NB 3 of rule 7.5.10, the total pumping capacity need not be greater than 302 (1092) irrespective of the number of hydrant points.

NATURE OF RISKNUMBER OF HYDRANTSPUMP CAPACITY LPS/(M3/HR)DELIVERY PRESSURE AT PUMP DISCHARGE AT RATED CAP- ACITY (KG/CM2)

3. High Hazard (A)i) Not exceeding 2047 (171)7

ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 5576 (273)7/8.8

iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 100114 (410)7/8.8

iv) Exceeding 100 114 (410) plus 114 (410) for every add-itional 125 hydrants or part thereof.7/8.8/10.5

4. High Hazard (B)i) Not exceeding 20Two of 47 (171)7

ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 55TWO of 76 (273)7/8.8

iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 100TWO of 114 (410)7/8.8

iv) **Exceeding 100 TWO of 114 (410) plus ONE of 114 (410) for every add-itional 200 hydrants or part thereof.

** This provision will apply only in cases where the hydrant service has been hydraulically designed as per NB3 (b) under rule 7.5.10.

NOTES -

1. In case of High Hazard (B) risks where the aggregate pumping capacity required in terms of the above Table or of rules 7.4.1.4.2, 7.4.1.4.4, 7.4.1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 hereunder exceeds 1,640 m3/hr., larger capacity pumps are acceptable provided the capacity of the largest pump does not exceed 25 % of the aggregate installed pumping capacity is disrupted when any pump is in-operative.2. In case of High Hazard occupancies, the pump delivery pressure shall be 7 Kg/cm2 if the highest floor of the risk is at a height exceeding 15 m above the surrounding ground level.

3. In case of Oil Refineries, Petrochemical complexes or other risks where double headed hydrants are used throughout the risk so that the total number of hydrants (counting a double headed hydrant as two hydrants) is about double the number of hydrants required as per the general requirements of this Manual, a double headed hydrant may be regarded as a single hydrant only.

7.4.1.4.2 Where storage tanks containing flammable liquids are protected by a medium velocity water spray system tapped from the hydrant service, the water requirements of the spray system shall be calculated for tanks located in a common dyke which have the largest aggregate shell surface area at a rate of 10 litres /minute/m2 of tank shell surface area except where the system has been designed to comply with the provisions contained in N.B 4 under rule 7.6.19 (mandatory protection) in which case the rate of flow can be reduced to 3 lpm/m2).

Even in the case of tanks located in separate dykes, the shell surface area of all tanks located within a distance of 15 m (or the diameter of the larger tank if the same is more than 15m) shall be aggregated and the water demand of such cluster of tanks shall be calculated at the rate of flow indicated in the foregoing paragraph.

The water requirement of the spray system worked out as above shall then be loaded for supplementary hose stream protection as under

Where the largest tank in, in a dyke, has a diameter -

i) Upto 10 m1,150 LPM

ii) More than 10 m and upto 20 m2,250 LPM

iii) Over 20 m3,400 LPM

If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose stream protection for storage tanks worked out as above exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.4.3 Where storage tanks are protected by a fixed foam system connected to the hydrant service, water requirement for the foam system shall be equivalent to that required by the largest protected tank at a rate of 5 litres/minute/m2 of liquid surface area for fixed roof tanks and 12.2 lpm/m2 of rim seal in case of floating roof tanks.

Other conditions regarding supplementary hose stream protection, pumping capacity etc., would remain the same as for water spray protection.

7.4.1.4.4 Where spheres/bullets are protected by a medium velocity water spray system tapped from pressurised hydrant service, water requirements of the spray system shall be determined as under -

Taking into consideration the configuration of bullets/sphere, the one which has the largest number of other bullets/spheres within R +15 M of the centre thereof shall be selected. The water demand shall then be worked out at the rate of 10 L/min/M2 of the aggregate shell surface area of the bullet/spheres concerned and all bullets/spheres within R + 15 M of the centre thereof.

Water application may be reduced to 5 LPM/M2 where the bullets/Spheres coated with approved passive materials providing fire resistance of at least 2 hours.

The water requirement of the spray system worked out as above shall then be loaded for supplementary hose stream protection as under -

Water capacity of Bullets/

Spheres (m3)Supplementary hose stream protection (LPM)

1. Upto and including 50 m31,750

2. Above 50 m3 and upto 150 m32,250

3. Above 150 m34,500

If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose steam protection for spheres/bullets worked out as above exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

Note: For design criteria of medium velocity water spray system reference shall be made to committee's rules for water spray system.

7.4.1.4.5 Where the plants and other facilities are protected by medium velocity water spray systems, tapped from hydrant service, water requirement of the spray system shall be determined as per Committee's rules for water spray systems. Water requirements of the spray systems worked out as above shall then be loaded by 4,500 LPM for supplementary hose stream protection.

If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose stream protection worked out as above exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.4.6 Where transformers are protected by high velocity water spray system tapped from hydrant system, water requirements of the spray system shall be determined as per Committee's rules for water spray system. Water requirement of the spray system worked out as above shall then be loaded by 1,750 LPM for supplementary hose stream protection.

If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose stream protection worked out as above exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.4.7 Where plants and other facilities are protected by sprinkler system tapped from the pressurised hydrant service, water requirement of the sprinkler system shall be determined as per the Committees rules for sprinkler system.

If the total water requirement for sprinkler system exceeds the requirement of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.5 Pumps shall be capable of furnishing not less than 150 % of rated capacity at a head of not less than 65 % of the rated head. The shut-off head shall not exceed 120 % of rated head in the case of horizontal pumps and 140 % in the case of vertical turbine type pumps.

7.4.1.6 Each pump shall be provided with a plate giving, in the case of centrifugal pumps, the delivery head, capacity and the number of revolutions per minute and in the case of reciprocating pumps, the diameter of the steam cylinders and water plungers and the length of stroke as also the ratios of the effective aggregate areas of the suction and the delivery valves to the area of the water plungers.

7.4.1.7 In case of electrically driven pumps it is recommended that compression ignition engine driven stationary pump of similar capacity be installed as a standby and vice versa. However, where the hydrant service consists of more than one pump, not more than half the total number (total number + 1 in case of odd number) of pumps shall have prime movers of one type.

(The above provision is not applicable to systems commissioned before 1982).

Notwithstanding the above, if power to motorised fire pumps is obtained from two sources, one of which is a captive generating plant located in a block either 6 m away from all surrounding buildings, where this is not feasible, segregated from adjoining building in a manner indicated in rule 7.4.3.1 more than half the total number of pumps may be of the electrically driven type.

7.4.1.8 Each fire service pump shall be provided with an independent suction pipe without any sluice or cut-off valves therein, unless the pump is situated below the level of the water supply in which case sluice or cut-off valves would be essential.

Where the water supply has fibrous or equally objectionable matter in suspension or mud and/or sand liable to cause accumulation in the installation, suction pipe(s) shall be installed in a jack well fed through a culvert from the main water supply. At the supply end of the culvert, a sluice or gate valve shall be provided.

NOTE - The suction pipe shall be connected to the pump inlet through an eccentric reducer to avoid air pockets.

7.4.1.9 The diameter of the suction pipe shall be such that the rate of flow of water through it does not exceed 90 m. per minute when the pump is delivering at its rated discharge. If, however, the pump is situated below the level of its water supply, the diameter of the suction pipe/header shall be based upon a rate of flow not exceeding 120 m. per minute.

7.4.1.10 Where the pump is to operate under suction lift conditions, the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) available at site shall be 0.50 m in excess of the actual value required at 150 % of the duty point as per the manufacturers curve of the pump.

NOTE For the purpose of the above, NPSH available at site shall be computed by deducting the sum of the static lift (measured from the low water level, defined in rule 7.3, upto the centre line of the pump) and friction loss in the suction pipe and fittings from atmospheric pressure.

7.4.1.11 Fire Pumps in High Hazard (B) category occupancies shall be provided with positive suction and automatic starting devices capable of sequential starting of the pumps. The pumps shall be connected to audible alarm such as hooter or a siren located in a prominent place outside the pump house. Where there is a central fire station in the premises, additional alarm point shall also be provided in the fire station.

The pumping arrangement shall also incorporate Jockey Pumps to take care of system losses. The capacity of the Jockey Pumps shall neither be more than 5 % of the installed pumping capacity nor less than 3 % thereof (with a minimum of 10.8 m3/hr.) unless the aggregate installed pumping capacity is in excess of 820 m3/hr, in which case the capacity of the Jockey Pump (s) shall be not less than 25 m3/hr plus 1 % of the installed pumping capacity in excess of 820 m3/hr. Installation of Jockey Pumps also helps to prevent hydraulic surges.

7.4.1.12 In the case of Light, Ordinary and High Hazard (A) category occupancies, when the pump is above the level of its water supply, there shall be a foot valve and a `priming' arrangement, the latter consisting of a tank (having a capacity at least three times that of the suction pipe from the pump to the foot valve subject to a minimum of 1000 litres) connected to the delivery side of the pump by a metal pipe having a minimum internal diameter of 100 mm with a stop valve and a non return valve therein of the same size.

A reliable independent filling arrangement and a level indicator shall be provided for the priming tank and, wherever feasible, a continuous overflow arrangement shall be provided in order to ensure that the tank is always full. It is recommended that for pumps taking suction from a stored water supply, a vortex plate shall be installed at entrance to the suction pipe.

Wherever circumstances permit, the pumps shall preferably be fixed below the level of the water supply (positive suction). If the pumps are automatic in action, they shall necessarily be so fixed. However, if the priming arrangements are such as to ensure that the suction pipe shall be automatically maintained full of water notwithstanding a serious leakage therefrom (the pump being automatically brought into action to replenish the priming tank should the latter be drawn upon at a greater rate than the rate at which it is fed from any other source), positive suction may not be insisted. In such cases, the capacity of the priming tank need not exceed 450 litres and the diameter of the priming pipe need not exceed 50 mm. Jockey Pump(s) of capacity indicated in rule 7.4.1.11 shall, nevertheless, be provided in systems where the main pumps are automatic in action.

Where pump(s) are automatic in action they shall be connected to audible alarm such as hooter or siren located in a prominent place outside the pump house. Where there is a central fire station in the premises, additional alarm point shall also be provided in the fire station.

NOTE - For the purpose of rules 7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.11 and 7.4.1.12 a pump shall be considered as having positive suction only if the quantity of water in the reservoir above the low water level (see N.B. under rule 7.3) or the top of the pump casing, whichever is higher is equivalent to the requirements of Table 1.

7.4.1.13 Each pump shall be provided with a non-return valve and a sluice valve on the delivery side, the sluice valve being installed on the upstream side of the non-return valve. A pressure gauge shall also be provided between the pump and the non-return valve. The size of the non-return valve and cut off (sluice) valve shall not be less than the size of the initial delivery pipe and, in no case, less than the delivery outlet of the pump. Further, as Butterfly Valves can create turbulence adversely affecting the pump performance no Butterfly valve shall be installed on the suction side. 7.4.1.14 When the premises are also protected by sprinkler installation having elevated tank(s) as one of the main sources of water supply, and where the arrangement for filling the tank(s) is taken from the hydrant service, the connection shall be taken directly from the pump to the top of the tank (through a stop valve) and not through the hydrant mains. (See fig. below)

7.4.1.15 Pumps shall not be installed in open. The pump rooms shall normally have brick/concrete walls and non-combustible roof, with adequate lighting, ventilation and drainage arrangements.

The pump room shall be so located as to be both easily accessible and where any falling masonry and the like from other buildings occasioned by fire or other cause, cannot damage the pump room. Normally, pump rooms shall be located 6 m away from all surrounding buildings and overhead structures. Where this is not feasible the sides of the pump room falling within 6 m of the surrounding buildings shall be blank masonry walls of 355 mm thickness and the roof of the pump room shall be of RCC. Likewise, when the pump room is attached to a building a perfect party wall complying with the committee's regulations shall be constructed between the pump room and the attached building, the roof of the pump room shall be of RCC construction at least 100 mm thick and access to the pump room shall be from the outside. In no case shall the pump from be sited within a building occupied for any other purpose.

N.B. for High Hazard (B) occupancies, in addition to the above provisions, the pump room shall be located 30 m clear of all equipment where flammable fluids having flash point below 65o C are handled and/or stored and 15 m clear of pipes/pipe racks (of other than water.). This provision shall, however, not apply to systems commissioned before 1982.

7.4.2 STEAM DRIVEN PUMPS -

7.4.2.1 The capacity of steam driven pumps shall be based on the economical speed recommended by the makers, and the pumps shall be provided with a suitable air vessel, steam and water pressure gauges. The working parts of the water ends shall be of non-corrosive metal.

7.4.2.2 Pumps shall not be used for boiler feeding or any other purpose, except for filling the elevated sprinkler tank(s).

7.4.2.3 There shall be at least two boilers connected to the pump, out of whom one shall be under pressure at all times.

7.4.2.4 Steam at a pressure of 4.2 kg/cm2 or more if specified by the makers shall be available at the pump at all times.

7.4.2.5 The ratio of the area of the steam cylinders to water cylinders shall not be less than 2.5 to 1.

7.4.2.6 A relief valve of adequate size shall be fitted on the delivery side of the pump and set at a pressure of not more than 1 kg/cm2 above the delivery pressure of the pump, and if of weight and lever type, the weight, when set, shall be secured and locked in that position.

7.4.2.7 The diameter of the suction pipe shall in no case be less than that of the pump plungers.

7.4.2.8 The steam pipe to the pump shall not traverse ground not under the control of the owner of the installation, nor a public roadway.

7.4.3 ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS -

7.4.3.1 The sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s)-supplying power to the fire pump(s) shall be of incombustible construction and shall be located at least 6 m away from all surrounding buildings. Where this is not feasible, all door and window openings of the surrounding buildings within 6 m of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be protected by single fireproof doors and 6 mm thick wired glasses in steel framework respectively. Like-wise, roof eaves, if any, of the surrounding buildings falling within 6 m of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be cut and wall raised as a parapet. The above provisions shall also apply when the sub-station(s) and D.G. house(s) are within 6 m of each other.

Where the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) are attached to buildings, perfect party walls complying with the Committee's regulations shall be constructed to segregate the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) from the attached buildings and where the attached building is storeyed, the roof of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be of R.C.C. construction of at least 100 mm thickness.

Transformer cubicles inside these sub-stations shall be separated from H.T. and L.T. cubicles and from each other by blank walls of bricks/stone/concrete blocks of 355 mm thickness or of R.C.C of 200 mm with door openings, if any therein, protected by single fireproof doors complying with the Committee's regulations. The sub-station(s) and D.G. house(s) shall also be separated from each other as above.

Transformers installed outdoors, which are supplying power to fire Pump(s), shall also be located atleast 6 m away from all surrounding buildings (including sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s). Where this is not feasible all door and window openings of the building(s) [including sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s).] within 6 m of the transformer shall be protected by single fireproof doors and 6mm thick wired glasses in steel framework respectively. Likewise, roof eaves of the building(s) falling within 6 m of the transformer shall be cut and wall raised as a parapet. Baffle walls of bricks/stone/concrete blocks of 355 mm thickness or of R.C.C. of 200 mm thickness shall be constructed between two transformers and these walls shall be extended horizontally 600 mm beyond the extremities of the transformers and vertically 600 mm above the highest point of the transformers.

NOTES

1. Where oil capacity of the individual transformer is larger than 5,000 litres separating walls must be provided in between the transformers and a clear distance as per the following table shall be maintained between the transformers and the substation

OIL CAPACITY OF INDIVIDUAL TRANSFORMERCLEAR SEPARATING DISTANCE (m)

5,000 to 10,000 litres8.0

Above 10,000 upto 20,000 litres10.0

Above 20,000 upto 30,000 litres12.5

Over 30,000 litres15

2. For High Hazard (B) occupancies, substation(s) supplying power to the fire pump(s) shall, in addition to complying with the above provisions, be located 30 m clear of all equipment where flammable fluids having flash point below 65o C are handled and/or stored.

7.4.3.2 Electric supply feeder (s) to sub-station(s) supplying power to fire pump shall as far as possible, consist of armoured cables buried underground which shall not pass under any building or permanent structures.

If the feeders are laid inside an underground cable duct/ gallery, they shall be placed in a corner of the duct/gallery and shall be isolated from other cables in the duct/gallery by means of fire bricks/sand packing/other suitable passive protection of at least an hour fire rating.

Under extenuating circumstances, where it is not feasible to lay the feeders underground, the Committee may permit overhead feeders provided they do not fall within a horizontal distance of -

A)15 m of any process buildings/plant or tanks containing flammable liquids. Or

B)) 6 m of any other building or tanks containing non-flammable liquids or of storage in open.

NOTE: in case of high hazard (B) occupancies, all substations (except main receiving station in the route of the electrical supply to the fire pump (s) which receive power by overhead feeders shall be provided with two sets of feeders which, apart from conforming with the above distance provisions, shall be run along two different routes in such a way that failure of more than one route due to a single mishap would be only a remote possibility.

7.4.3.3 A direct feeder without any tappings shall be laid from the sub-station to the pump house. The feeder shall consist of an armoured cable buried underground and shall not pass under any building or permanent struct