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Published by: Oceanographic Research Institute, P. O. Box 736, Durban, 4000, South Africa
NUMBER 19PUBLISHED JUNE 2006RESULTS FROM 2005
The Tony and Lisette LewisFoundation South Africa
TAGGINGNEWS
th legacy of the Lewis family will enable the TLLF to make Welcome to the 19 issue of the Tagging News. As you substantial and ongoing contributions to the country's will see from our new-look cover, the Tagging Project has conservation programmes. undergone some substantial changes over the past
year! Firstly, during 2005 Sedgwick's Old Brown (Distell) The ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project conforms extremely
announced that they would cease to fund the Tagging well to the objectives of the TLLF which are as follows:
Project at the end of 2005. After 22 years of reliable and UTo be proactive in supporting and furthering the committed support, this news came as quite a shock!
development of conservation within the borders of Nevertheless, we are extremely grateful to Distell South Africa.(previously Sedgwick's Farmers Winery) for their past
support and considerable financial contribution and wish UTo increase the awareness of nature conservation to them well in their future endevours. all South Africans, particularly the youth through the
process of education.With sponsorship of the Tagging Project gone we (ORI) turned to WWF-SA for help. Fortunately WWF-SA was UTo support and develop programmes aimed at up to the challenge and through their efforts, and achieving a high level of public participation in particularly those of Ms Paddy Walker, was able to conservation activities.secure funding for the continuation of the Tagging
UTo support research projects undertaken for the Project. ORI and WWF-SA are thus delighted to confirm advancement of conservation.that the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa
(TLLF) have agreed to fund the Tagging Project for the UTo build the fund's capital base over time to provide next three years. increased resources in order to further the above
objectives.As members of the Tagging Project probably know very little about the TLLF, we felt that it was appropriate to give The ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project thus looks forward to the Foundation a brief introduction. The TLLF was developing a successful and prosperous relationship created by a deed of trust by the late Anthony Calvert with the TLLF.Lewis in 1994. His wife, the late Elizabeth Helen Lewis,
Our other big news is that our Tagging Officer Ms Elinor gave her complete support to the project and both Bullen officially retired at the end of March 2006 after 22 nominated the Foundation as the ultimate residual years of loyal and dedicated service. Fortunately, as beneficiary of the estates. The purpose behind the Elinor was not ready to hang up the gloves just yet, we establishment of the Foundation was fundamental to have re-employed her on a one-year renewable contract their underlying hope that the present and future basis. We are extremely grateful for her ongoing generations of South Africans would not only enjoy the commitment as it will ensure that we can continue the pleasures of the beauty of this land and its abundance of project without having to down tools while we employ wildlife, but also provide encouragement and support for and train a new Tagging Officer.the proper care of domestic animals. In short the TLLF is
structured to provide funding for all aspects of nature On the tagging front, 2005 was a reasonably good year conservation and animal protection activities. with 7445 fish tagged and 467 recaptures reported
(6.27%). A further 52 new taggers joined the project, Tony and Lisette passed away within nine months of bringing the total number of participants to 4243 since each other and the Foundation was vested from the 30 the project's inception in 1984. However, it is important to April 1995, and shortly thereafter the trustees point out that only 345 members tagged one or more fish commenced setting up operations. This generous
Continued on page 2
2
The Tagging Programme would like to thank the following company and individuals who gave us special support during the year 2005:
UPurglass for making the tagging billfish poles for 28 consecutive years.
URoelf Venter for his assistance in fitting handles to the applicators.
UGenerous donations from Arthur Cary, Gawie Du Toit, C.R.Maske & Garth Mc Gee.
during 2005 so there are still a large number of inactive resolve some of the confusion surrounding the common members out there! In order to ensure that any new names of bull and eagle rays, and a short article members that join the project are motivated to catch and describes how and what length to measure when tagging tag fish correctly and for the right reasons, we now fish. Interesting facts are brought to light about catface carefully scrutinize each new applicant and request a rockcod and ragged-tooth sharks and we share a letter of motivation before membership is granted and a number of exciting recaptures with you. tagging kit is supplied. However, please do not let this put
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the you off, if you are really keen and motivated we strongly
TLLF and WWF-SA for providing funding the Tagging encourage you to join the project!
Project and a big thank you to all of you - members of the In this edition of the Tagging News we bring you Dr Scotty tagging project, for your ongoing support and Kyle's perspective on the use of tagging data to manage contribution towards the wise use and conservation of the fishery at Kosi Bay. Dr Paul Cowley tells us about his our fish resources. We sincerely hope that you enjoy this innovative idea to use a cellphone number on fish tags to edition of the Tagging News and wish you tight lines and get better reporting of recaptured fish and Sabine happy tagging!Wintner gives us her annual update on tagging activities
Bruce Mann, Elinor Bullen and Bernadine Everettconducted by the Natal Sharks Board. We attempt to
Continued from page 1
PROGRESS TO DATENew
members Active
members
Fishtagged
Speciestagged
Recapture%
Maximum years free
Maximum Km moved
283 286 1716 1.57
441 504 8183 3.21
304 588 7479 3.73
271 570 8895 3.49
218 547 8969 4.83
232 599 11493 5.11
289 570 10650 5.33
208 584 12379 6.12
213 608 13111 6.75
299 590 12292 5.69
242 609 10634 5.42
249 596 11951 4.58
229 557 11234 4.97
141 453 9983 6.31
127 450 7584 6.25
123 430 6735 4.94
84 378 6222 3.82
65 396 6981 4.92
56 366 7115 4.23
54 330 7433 5.85
65 342 8003 6.46
53 345 7513 6.27
Overall 4246 2838 196550 5.22
723
804
1283
1374
1443
1792
1892
1640
1998
1606
1670
1676
1554
1897
1820
1186
1679
1273
1426
1963
1319
1057
1998
Year
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
104
157
170
182
177
193
164
187
191
174
180
171
175
173
151
156
148
147
159
152
156
166
345
0.63
1.06
2.81
2.78
4.09
4.04
4.04
6.26
6.19
7.46
6.06
7.6
7.83
11
8.42
11.97
10.06
10.9
12.83
8.1
9.82
10.79
12.83
SPECIAL THANKS
19
84
18
85
19
86
19
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20
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20
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20
04
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YEAR
NU
MB
ER
OF
AN
GL
ER
S
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
TREND IN ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PE
RC
EN
T
19
84
18
85
19
86
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19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
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93
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19
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96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
YEAR
FISH TAGGED PER YEAR & PER ANGLER
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0
5
10
15
20
25
19
84
18
85
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86
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88
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89
19
90
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20
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20
02
20
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20
04
20
05
YEAR
NU
MB
ER
OF
FIS
H T
AG
GE
DTotal fish tagged
NU
MB
ER
OF
FIS
H T
AG
GE
D P
ER
AN
GL
ER
Average tagged
% FISH RECAPTURED PER YEAR
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
3
Galjoen
Dusky shark
Dusky kob
Copper shark
Spotted gulleyshark
Spotted grunter
GarrickShad
White steenbras
Other
Mozambique
“Cape West Coast”
“Zululand”
“Western Cape”
“SouthernCape”
“Eastern Cape”
“Border”“Transkei”
“Natal”
Bronze bream Giant sandsharkPachymetopon grande Rhynchobatus djiddensis
1543 tagged, 79 recaptured = 5.12% recapture rate 3744 tagged, 221 recaptured = 5.9% recapture rateLongest distance travelled 799 km. Longest distance travelled 320 km.Maximum days free 1465 (4 years) Maximum days free 1945 (5.33 years)
Researchers working in the Tsitsikamma National Park in June A 42.3 kg giant sandshark was recently recaptured at Nyoni 2001 tagged a bronze bream of 370 mm FL. Remarkably this Rocks in Amanzimtoti. It was originally tagged four years earlier fish was recaptured (shot by a spear fisherman) off Treasure at Umhlanga Rocks when it weighed 10 kg. Thus during the Beach in KZN in June 2005. Unfortunately the fish was not 1533 days free, the sandshark grew by 840 mm in length, measured but during its 1465 days free (4 years) it had gained 32,3 kg and moved 56 km.travelled 799 km, which is a new record for this normally very resident species.
Diamond rayWhite steenbras Gymnura natalensis
Lithognathus lithognathus 2054 tagged, 13 recaptured = 0.6% recapture rate3787 tagged, 199 recaptured = 5.25% recapture rate Longest distance travelled 1577 km.
Longest distance travelled 620 km. Maximum days free 1890 (5.17 years)Maximum days free 2262 (6.2 years) A tagged diamond ray was recently recaptured at Mtwalume on
Dr. Paul Cowley and his team, fishing in the Tsitsikamma the KZN South Coast. This ray was tagged 176 days previously National Park, tagged a white steenbras of 309 mm FL on 9 by Chris Fallows near Muizenberg in the Western Cape and October 1999. This fish was recaptured by Mr Norman Nel at had travelled an amazing distance of 1577 km before being Green Bay near Gonubie on 18 December 2005. In the 2262 recaptured and re-released again by Stanger angler Zahir days (6.2 years) at liberty the fish grew 591 mm and travelled Rowat. Out of 2054 diamonds rays tagged to date, only 13 466 km. (0.6%) have been recaptured and four of these recaptures
were from fish that had travelled a distance of over 800 km.
Speckled snapper Copper sharkLutjanus rivulatus Carcharhinus brachyurus
740 tagged, 164 recaptured = 22.16 recapture rate 6825 tagged, 257 recaptured = 3.77% recapture rateLongest distance travelled 63 km. Longest distance travelled 1790 km.Maximum days free 889 (2.4 years) Maximum days free 3981 (10.9 years)
Bruce Mann and his team in the St Lucia Marine Reserve During the R&S Nationals held at Struisbaai in 1999 a 620 mm tagged a speckled snapper near Leven Point on 3 August 2005. PCL copper shark weighing 6 kg was tagged and released. Only 116 days later this same fish was re-caught at Lala Nek by This shark was recently recaptured at Stillbaai and during its Mike Tyldesley, some 63 km to the north. This was an incredible 2195 days at liberty (6 years) it had grown by 280 mm in length, recapture for a species that has so far proven to be extremely gained 10 kg in weight and had travelled 280 km.resident. Out of the 740 speckled snapper tagged, a remarkable 164 (22.16%) have been recaptured with an average distance moved being less than 0.2 km!
INSTITUTE AREA 2005 TOTAL RECAP %Marine & Coastal Management De Hoop Marine Reserve 1009 40578 10.67Oceanographic Research Institute St Lucia Marine Reserve 738 2835 15.06SA Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity Tsitsikamma Marine Reserve 342 11927 6.31Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife Kosi Bay Estuary Reserve 98 1578 8.24Natal Sharks Board KZN Coast 96 3793 7.25
MAJOR SPECIES TAGGED TO DATE(1984 - 2005)
% FISH TAGGED ALONG THESOUTHERN AFRICAN COAST IN 2005
EXCITING RECAPTURES
INSTITUTIONAL SCIENTIFIC TAGGING FOR 2005
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
4
NAME OF ANGLER CODE FACET PROVINCE 2005 TOTAL RECAP %KYLE, EWAN JNR. KY4493 RS EST KZN 277 402 13.93KYLE, ROBERT JNR. KY4299 RS EST KZN 252 680 13.24HART, CLIFFORD HA2303 RS WC 194 1526 9.37WALKER, SIMON WA0190 RS WC 194 4109 10.85RAPSON, WESLEY RA0006 RS KZN 130 213 2.83LILFORD, CHARLES LI0449 RS EST WC 90 1699 6.06POPE, GORDON PO0397 RS EC 89 722 9.7HAND, RUSSELL HA3863 RS DS KZN 87 487 16.02SPARG, BRADLEY SP0759 RS WC 85 782 4.22HUMAN, DAVE HU3768 RS KZN 67 160 13.75SCOTT, JONATHAN SC4354 RS WC 66 268 5.97CRABB, JOHN CR0005 RS WC 65 104 11.54BOTHA, ALAN BO3405 RS KZN 63 477 10.9CARY, ARTHUR CA4138 RS KZN 60 143 9.79LOUW, JEAN LO0001 RS WC 57 76 1.32SADLER, TONY SA2039 RS WC 57 1394 5.16TYLDESLEY, MIKE TY3003 RS EST KZN 52 247 8.91MARSHBANK, GRANT MA0009 EST EC 50 53 0RUDMAN, WAYNE RU0005 EST EC 48 113 2.65RAWAT, ZAHIR RA0001 RS KZN 45 102 3.92FALLOWS, CHRIS FA2167 RS DS WC 44 1460 3.56SCROOBY, LLEWELLYN SC3959 RS KZN 44 256 9.38DE WET, WYNN DE0277 RS EST WC 43 845 10.65HUMPHREYS, KEVIN HU0563 RS DS KZN 43 504 5.95SHEPPARD, JOHN SH4459 EST WC 43 104 4.81EGERSDORFER, TERENCE EG2711 RS KZN 42 463 14.9COETZEE, JOHAN CO0005 RS GAUTENG 40 61 3.27HUTCHINGS, KEN HU3086 RS WC 40 151 12.58LE ROUX, JOE LE3212 RS WC 38 90 1.11ROETZ, JOHANNES RO0650 RS KZN 38 125 0.8COATES, JOHN CO0006 EST WC 33 49 0JACOBS, GEORGE JA2558 DS EST KZN 33 362 6.91MANN, BRUCE MA0235 RS EST KZN 33 352 5.68VAN DER MERWE, DEON VA3530 RS EC 32 329 2.43CROUS, HENNIE CR0009 RS DS WC 31 450 6.07MARAIS, CHARL MA3556 RS WC 31 314 4.14SHAW, CAMBELL SH0006 RS KZN 31 67 0WHITE, MICHAEL WH0010 EST EC 31 31 3.23VAN NIEKERK, RUDY VA0006 RS WC 30 34 2.94POTTS, WARREN PO4339 RS EST EC 29 145 7.58BURTON, SIMON BU4441 RS EST EC 28 196 3.09JUDD, CHRIS JU4042 RS EST KZN 28 255 7.06PAUTZ, MIKE PA0122 RS WC 28 2953 3.7VAN WYK, BERNARD VA2204 RS EST WC 27 181 2.76YOUNG, GRAEME YO3592 DS EC 27 78 2.56MACKENZIE, BERNARD MA4478 RS EC 25 91 4.4COX, KEVIN CO3296 RS DS KZN 24 261 26.44GROENEWALD, COENIE GR4498 RS WC 24 108 2.78ASHERWOOD, JEFF AS4499 RS KZN 22 207 3.38DE CLERCQ, CASPER DE0002 RS KZN 22 71 0SHEPHERD, BOB SH3996 RS EST EC 22 146 1.37VAN WULVEN, ALLEN VA0288 RS DS WC 22 248 4.44VAN JAARSVELDT, CHRIS VA3072 RS WC 22 179 2.79CATHERINE, QUINTON CA4482 RS DS WC 20 103 3.88PRINSLOO, WILLEM PR4099 RS KZN 20 102 1.96
NAME GROUP AREA FACET 2005 TAGGED TOTAL TAGGINGS % RECAPT.Duarte A.M. Ratio Rani Africa, Indigo Bay Bazaruto Island, Mozambique DS BF 149 376 0.27Glanville Heydenrych Benguera Lodge Benguera Island, Mozambique DS 141 246 5.24Andrew Parsons Benguera Lodge Benguera Island, Mozambique DS FLY 133 1376 5.45Antony Diplock Galeforce Charters Margaruque Island, Mozambique DS BF 87 211 2.37Guy Ferguson Ferguson Gamefish Charter Santa Carolina Island, Mozambique DS FLY 35 234 1.28Sean Amor Hooked On Africa Hout Bay, Western Cape DS 19 19 0Ben Pretorius Ufudu Flyfishing Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal EST FLY 15 274 4.74Adrian Westraad Linene Island Resort Carbo Sao Sebastiao, Mozambique DS 15 15 0Tom Bradfield Lynski Deepsea Boat Charter Durban, KwaZulu-Natal DS BF 14 95 3.16Ryan Williamson Allure Gamefish Boat Charter Durban, KwaZulu-Natal DS BF 11 97 1.03Earl Strydom Linene Island Resort Carbo Sao Sebastiao, Mozambique DS FLY 8 86 2.33Kas v/d Merwe Black Watch Gamefish Charter Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal DS BF 6 21 0
ANGLERS WHO HAVE TAGGED TWENTYOR MORE FISH DURING 2005
COMMERCIAL CHARTER GROUPS
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
5
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98
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oth
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With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
6
Staff tagged a total of 70 sharks in 2005, 19 of which The 19 sharks that were injected with the chemical were also injected with tetracycline for ageing purposes. tetracycline are part of the TETRACYCLINE TAGGING The majority of these animals (50) were caught in the PROJECT, which was started in 1993 to assist with the nets (Table 1) and were comprised mainly of raggedtooth ageing of sharks. Sharks can be aged by counting and tiger sharks. growth rings in their backbone, very much like ageing a
tree. When the shark is injected with the chemical Table 1: Number of sharks tagged and released from the tetracycline an “artificial growth ring” is created which nets. can be used as a time reference. Injected sharks are
Total Total tagged with an orange spaghetti tag labelled SPECIES tagged injected "Tetracycline" and the tag number has the prefix "BT", in Blacktip 3 2 contrast to the normal yellow spaghetti tag with a "B" Copper 2 1 number. Please remember that the NSB depends on Dusky 8 1 anglers to make recaptured tetracyclined sharks Great white 1 1 available to the research department. The NSB is Java 1 0 offering a "reward" of R 100 to anglers who make the Mako 1 1 shark, or a 20 cm long piece of the backbone, AND the Raggedtooth 10 6 tag available. The NSB will collect the shark or the Sandbar 2 1 backbone and the tag from the angler. The backbone Spinner 3 1 should be wrapped in tinfoil or newspaper and stored Tiger 15 2 frozen and in darkness so that the chemical mark does Zambezi 4 2 not fade.TOTAL 50 18
The tagging of rays and guitarfish caught in the nets Of the 70 tagged sharks, two were recaptured. A continued and 11 giant guitarfish, four spotted eagle rays raggedtooth shark caught in Richard Bay was and three duckbill rays were tagged. Two diamond rays, recaptured four and a half months later in Southbroom, one devil ray and two manta rays were also tagged. while a mako shark, tagged and injected in Thompson's There have been no recaptures of the over 140 tagged Bay, was recaptured a day later at Ballito. This shark rays (excluding giant guitarfish) since the start of the ray showed traces of the tetracycline in the flesh around the tagging project in 1996. Additionally, two rockcods and injection site. one brassy kingfish were tagged by staff during private
outings.Twenty sharks were tagged after being captured by means other than the shark nets. A dusky shark was Apart from the above-mentioned recaptures, two tagged when caught on the T.O. Strand experimental animals tagged prior to 2005 were recaptured. A drum lines (this experiment was terminated after a few raggedtooth shark tagged in April 2004 at Leven Point months). Nine smooth houndsharks and one scalloped was recaptured by an angler in January 2005 near Fish hammerhead were tagged by staff during private fishing River Point having travelled over 860 km. The angler re-activities and an additional eight raggedtooth sharks released it again. A catface rockcod, tagged by staff in were tagged underwater at Leven Point (Cape Vidal) by March 2004 at Port Edward was recaptured eight means of a modified speargun. One dusky shark, caught months later at the same location and was also re-in a seine net during the sardine run was tagged and released.injected by NSB staff. Of the 20 tagged animals, only one was recaptured. This was a smooth houndshark, tagged in February at Port Edward and recaptured at the same location.
NATAL SHARKS BOARD 1984 - 2005 TAGGING REPORTBY SABINE WINTNER, NATAL SHARKS BOARD
Unfortunately the fish books commonly available at book stores have perpetuated some confusion around the common names of some of the ray species caught and tagged by our anglers. This ambiguity makes it difficult for the Tagging Officer to know exactly what type of fish has been tagged. In order to overcome this problem we have decided to try and encourage you, as members of the Tagging Project, to use the following common names.
We suggest that you do not use the common name “bull ray” as this is used ubiquitously between the two species and is the source of much confusion. The only other similar species are the spotted eagleray Aetobatus narinari and the flapnose ray Rhinoptera javanica, both of which are very distinct and there is no confusion with their common names.
Myliobatus aquilaEagleray
Pteromylaeus bovinusDuckbill ray
BULLS, EAGLES AND DUCKBILLS - AN ATTEMPT TO AVOIDCOMMON NAME CONFUSION
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
7
During August 2005 we received a letter and a fish tag bird. This time the phone was answered by his wife who from a gentleman reporting that he had recovered a cast more confusion as she added that her husband's spaghetti type tag from a cormorant which he found lying friend who was with them on the beach that day, had to dead on the beach at Brandfontein near Cape Agulhas a actually break the bird's leg to remove the tag. By now I few months earlier. could sense that something did not quite add up and I
was getting absolutely nowhere so decided to drop the Immediately my brain raced, what was a bird doing with a case.fish tag stuck in it? Again I read the letter to make sure that I had not miss-read it, yes it definitely was a bird! It must have been a few days later when a I received a Going to the computer I called up the tag number to find phone call from a cheerful sounding man who claimed out if that tag had indeed been reported used. Our that he was the gentleman walking with his friend on the records showed that the tag had been inserted into a beach when the cormorant was found. “I thought to small copper shark of 630 mm at Skuplers Bay earlier in myself now what next”!the year, by one of our tagging members Arno Dames. By now I could not help feel a little confused, how did the He announced that his friend had made a terrible mess-shark loose its tag to a sea bird! I decided to phone both up with the tagging report. The cormorant had carried a parties concerned to sort out the mystery. ring tag, which he had in fact removed and sent on to
Safring at the University of Cape Town. The tag his friend First I phoned the gentleman beach walker who was had sent in to ORI, had in fact been given to them by a most excited to tell me about the tagged cormorant, local commercial skiboat fisherman from Struis Bay, who unfortunately he was unable to remember where the tag had removed it from a small copper shark he had caught actually was on the bird but he confirmed that it had come in the area during mid April. It turned out that the shark from the animal. had only been free for about 57 days before it was
recaptured again.I then phoned Arno who was at first pleased to hear from me, until I explained the purpose of my call, his voice Meanwhile Arno had not been idle, he had phoned changed and I sensed a note of apprehension in it, surely several of his friends to hear what they had to say about the Tagging Officer was not doubting his word? I went on this confusing report on how a bird could possibly get a to explain that there had to be an explanation and that I tag stuck in it that had been inserted into a shark! One would let him know when the problem was sorted out. can only imagine all the way-out stories his friends came
up with and all the good laughs they had!On replacing the phone, I again decided to question the gentleman who had kindly reported finding the tagged At last the mystery was solved!
THE MYSTERIOUS TAG RETURN - WAS IT A BIRD OR WAS IT A SHARK?
WHAT LENGTH SHOULD I MEASURE WHEN TAGGING A FISH?With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
The different ways of measuring fish has caused some The reason why we specify which type of length should confusion among anglers and many are uncertain what be measured is because it is the most accurate length the preferred measurement to be taken is. To help avoid type for the species concerned. However, it is important this confusion we have prepared some clear guidelines. to realize that all size limits given in the regulations use The different types of length measurement are clearly TL. So if you forget which length type to measure then illustrated in the diagram below. use TL, but please be sure to indicate on your tagging
card which length type you have measured.UBony fish with a forked or lunate tail (e.g. kingfish,
galjoen etc.) measure fork length (FL)Remember to measure your fish holding the tape
U measure as straight as possible and not curved over the Bony fish with a rounded or square tail (e.g. kob, body of the fish. It is often easier to stretch the tape rockcod, etc.) measure total length (TL)measure out on a flat surface and place the fish on to the UStingrays - measure disk width (DW) or “wingspan”tape to get a good measurement. For this reason
USharks - measure pre-caudal length (PCL) (i.e. to scientists generally use measuring boards to try and get the notch just before the start of the tail) more accurate length measurements. However,
Unfortunately there are a few fish which do not fit neatly remember that survival of the fish is paramount so don't into the above categories which you need to be aware of faff around too long trying to get an exact measurement. namely: Using centimetres (cm) as the measurement unit is fine
and do not worry about going to millimetres (mm), USandsharks measure total length (TL)especially if you are just using a tape measure.
UCatsharks and houndsharks measure total length (TL)
8
For over twenty years fish have been tagged and caught annually by the different fishing methods, as well recaptured at Kosi Bay. Over this time more than 2700 as first estimates of the abundance of some species. fish have been tagged and over 300 have been Ongoing tagging (Figure 1) has tracked these recaptured. A lot of time, effort and money has thus been proportions over the years and recent intensive tagging ploughed into tagging fish at Kosi, but what has it told us has produced comparable figures for each legal fishing and has it really helped to improve management of the method. Illegal fishing has always been recognized as a system? serious concern at Kosi Bay but just how serious was
simply not known. Kosi Bay is one of the prime estuarine angling venues in southern Africa but it is also home to the largest The results now coming in are giving clear indications of traditional trap fishery in the region. It is well known for its the levels of competition and off-take of the legal and giant kingfish, record-sized rock salmon (river snapper) illegal use. Since 1980 fish tagging returns have shown a and occasional good numbers of spotted grunter, but clear, almost progressive increase in the proportion of anglers keep reporting that these recreational fish are fish recovered at Kosi Bay (Figure 2). The indications are being caught and sold by local residents in large that the proportion of fish caught by man has more than numbers. The fish of Kosi Bay are thus under trebled in the last twenty years and the pressure progressively increasing pressure from recreational, continues to grow. This information, however, gives the artisanal and small-scale commercial fishers and all managers, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife and the Greater St these people rely on the same fish populations to sustain Lucia Wetland Park Authority, important information on their activities. which to base future management decisions.
The area is a Nature Reserve, a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance and is part of a World Heritage Site and its management is under close scrutiny. This is why tag and recapture of fish in the system is now of critical importance. There are a limited number of fish in the lakes and the managers are charged with distributing the fish resource fairly and equitably among all human users, as well as leaving enough for natural predation and mortality, while ensuring adequate breeding stocks are maintained.
In the past there has been conflict between trappers and recreational anglers and, more recently, between trappers and gillnetters. Each fisherman feels that others are catching more than their fair share and are thus negatively impacting their own catches and the It has recently been decided to phase out all legal breeding stock. In areas like the Kosi Bay lakes, due to gillnetting in KZN estuarine systems, including Kosi Bay. the many species involved and the size and complexity Other subsistence and traditional fishing is to be of the area, it is not possible to accurately count all the regulated and subsistence rod and line fishing is to have fish. Fish tagging is the most appropriate tool available size and bag limits similar to those of recreational for researchers and managers to establish estimates of anglers.the fish populations and determine the relative harvest taken by each fishing activity. All fishers have been co-operating with the tagging
project in the last couple of years and, for the first time, Intensive fish tagging in the early 1980's established estimates are now being obtained of the numbers, type baseline proportions of the Kosi Bay fish populations and proportion of fish caught by the illegal fishers.
Recent tag recovery information (Figure 3) now shows the extent of legal use as well as an indication of the extent of poaching.
TAGGING ASSISTS MANAGEMENT AT KOSI BAYBY SCOTTY KYLE, EZEMVELO KWAZULU-NATAL WILDLIFE
Figure 1. A nice kingfish recently tagged and released at Kosi Bay.
25
20
15
10
5
01983 1985 1996 - 1999 2000 - 2004 2005
PE
RC
EN
T R
EC
AP
TU
RE
D
YEAR
Figure 2. Overall percentages of tagged fish recaptured in the Kosi Bay Lakes from 1983 to 2005.
Figure 3. Initial results of tag recaptures at Kosi Bay for the 2005/6 season, showing the percent of recaptures taken by each fishing method.
Recreational7 %
Trap53%
Subsistence rod & line
17%
Illegal netting10%
Goggle & spear13%
Continued on page 9
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
9
Continued from page 8
Managers can now clearly see that recreational angling concentrate their limited capacity on the fishing methods has a relatively small impact, compared to that of fish with the greatest impacts. Without such measurements trapping, and so strict control of recreational anglers of relative catches and fish populations, decisions would alone cannot seriously reduce offtake levels. Trapping have to be based on more subjective and speculative needs much attention and in the last few years information. subsistence rod and line fishing has increased markedly to more than double the catch of recreational angling. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife and the Greater St. Lucia Illegal netting is probably catching many more fish than Wetland Park Authority would like to thank recreational recreational anglers and people illegally using goggles anglers for their high level of co-operation with the fish with traditional spears are now also catching more fish tagging work at Kosi Bay. Please continue to tag suitable than recreational visitors. fish and send all recovery information to the usual ORI
address. Your help is contributing to the wise This information from fish tagging enables the managers management of the fish we all enjoy catching and often to devise and implement suitable regulations and releasing!
FISH FACTSBY BRUCE MANN
Catface rockcod Ragged-tooth sharkEpinephelus andersoni Carcharias taurus
This popular species of rockcod is endemic to South Ragged-tooth sharks, affectionately known as raggies, Africa with its distribution extending from southern are a popular species with SCUBA divers and shore Mozambique to the Eastern Cape. Catface rockcod are anglers alike. This interesting species of shark has an known to be a fairly fast growing species capable of unusual method of reproduction called intra-uterine reaching a maximum age of 11 years. Their mode of cannibalism. Mature females produce only two pups reproduction is complex and still has scientists once every two years and the first egg (ovum) to hatch in somewhat baffled. Like most rockcod species (Family: each arm of the uterus is known to feed off other eggs Serranidae) they are hermaphroditic (containing both and its siblings in order to obtain its nutrition (i.e. there is male and female tissues in their gonads), but the no placental connection with the mother but young are expression of this hermaphroditism is not typical. Many born alive - known as aplacental viviparity). Another rockcod species tend to demonstrate protogynous unusual feature of this shark is that in order to maintain hermahroditism (female component of the gonad neutral buoyancy in the water it periodically rises to the matures first and then they change sex to male at a larger surface to gulp air, which is kept in the stomach size), but catface rockcod is unique in that in a substantial (remember that sharks, unlike some bony fish, do not proportion of the population, the male component of the have a swim bladder). To date, some 2997 raggies have gonad matures first, and these fish stay male for the rest been tagged in the ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project and of their lives. Some fish do however function first as 247 (8.2%) have been recaptured. The maximum time at females and then change to become male, whereas liberty for a tagged raggy was an impressive 12.8 years some stay as female for their whole lives. So, unlike other during which time it only grew 26 cm. Off the South rockcod species, there is no shortage of males. To date African coast adult raggies show a biennial breeding 985 catface rockcod have been tagged in the ORI/WWF- migration, with mating taking place along the KwaZulu-SA Tagging Project and a large number 141 (14.3%) of Natal and Transkei coasts during the winter and pupping tagged fish have been re-caught. Most recaptures have taking place in the south-east Cape during summer. In been taken in relatively close proximity (< 5 km) to where some parts of the world, such as eastern Australia, they were originally tagged, suggesting high residency. raggies have been decimated by deliberate fishing and However, a few fish (including one fish that was at liberty spearfishing. In South Africa, however, recent research for 7.8 years) have shown greater movements of up to conducted by Dr. Matt Dicken (Rhodes University) using 143 km from where they were originally tagged. This data from the ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project, suggests movement behaviour is very interesting and, in addition that the raggy population is still reasonably robust. to their faster growth rate and a fairly similar sex ratio of Raggies are undoubtedly very vulnerable to over-fishing males and females, probably explains why catface but their sound population status in South African waters rockcod are still more abundant than their cousins the may, in part, be attributed to their decommercialised yellowbelly rockcod, which are extremely resident, status and the efforts of shore anglers to refrain from relatively slow-growing and have a shortage of males. gaffing their fish and releasing them unharmed back to From diving experience, it is obvious that catface the water.rockcod are some of the first visitors to take up residence on new artificial reefs or other jetsam that has fallen overboard. This suggests that some “searching” movement behaviour is displayed by adults. Further anecdotal evidence from shore anglers suggests that adult catface rockcod sometimes congregate in large numbers on sandy areas away from reefs. This behaviour may be related to spawning activity but further research is needed into this phenomenon.
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
10
A nice dusky kob caught and tagged on theGAENP coastline.
Since 2000, the Addo Elephant National Park in the recaptures any tagged fish and obtain as much Eastern Cape Province has been expanding its information as possible about the recaptured fish. Such boundaries. Ultimately this expansion process will information may include the exact location of capture create the Greater Addo Elephant National Park (maybe even another GPS co-ordinate), type of habitat (GAENP), which will encompass about 250 000 hectares (i.e. sandy beach, rocky shore, estuary, etc.) or depth in and conserve five of South Africa's seven biomes. The the case of fish caught from a boat, the time day, bait GAENP will also include a 120 000 hectare marine used, sea and weather conditions, whether the fish was component, making it the world's first 'Big Seven' reserve kept or released as well as something about the health or (by including southern right whales and great white condition of the fish, including aspects of tag fouling or sharks). The marine area will include the already tagging wounds. Making use of a telephone number also proclaimed Bird Island Marine Protected Area home of makes the response time much shorter compared to the world's largest breeding colony of gannets and the using a postal address. A shorter response time will also second largest breeding colony of African penguins. increase our chances of recovering the otoliths from Besides the significance of these breeding bird colonies, tagged fish that were injected with OTC (oxytetracycline) the waters of Algoa Bay are home to many important for age validation purposes. fishery species. Efficient and effective management of the GAENP marine waters will reduce the threat of over- To date, three trips to the GAENP coastal zone have exploitation and with the inclusion of sanctuary (no-take) been undertaken and a total of 167 fish have been areas will assist with the recovery of already collapsed caught of which 120 were tagged. We have already had fish stocks. two recaptures. The first was a white musselcracker that
moved a minimum of 19 km in the 20 days it was free. The format of this fish monitoring and tagging project will The second was a lesser sandshark that was recaptured resemble the existing monitoring projects at De Hoop, 50 m from where it was tagged only 30 minutes earlier. Tsitsikamma and St Lucia Marine Reserves. Research The latter recapture is very encouraging and suggests anglers will make regular trips (every second month) and that our handling and tagging methods have minimal fish for two full days with the aim of catching and tagging effect on the behaviour of these fish.as many fish as possible. The research will be undertaken within a five kilometre designated zone on the eastern extreme of the Sundays River surf zone including the rocky headlands at Woody Cape. Besides having the necessary tackle and bait, each angler will be equipped with a GPS to record the exact position at which each fish is tagged and released. This project will make use of exactly the same type of tags (Hallprint type PDL-1 plastic tipped dart tags) that are used in the ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project, but will be inscribed with a telephone number instead of a postal address. Each tag will also have a unique number from which every tagged individual will be identified (e.g. tag # W 0053 was inserted into a white musselcracker of 795 mm fork length at 13h20 on 25 Feb 2006 at a known GPS co-ordinate). The easy-to-remember telephone number is 082 TAG FISH (082 824 3474) and will provide researchers with the opportunity to talk to the angler who
A NEW DEDICATED MONITORING AND TAGGING PROJECT IN THEGREATER ADDO ELEPHANT NATIONAL PARK
BY PAUL COWLEY, SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE FOR AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorshipWith thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
SASAA has recently discussed the option of introducing large specimens. This means that over 60% of the fish the use of barbless hooks in their competitions. This was caught will not even have to be taken out of the water, based on trials undertaken by the KwaZulu-Natal which will greatly improve their chances of survival. A Coastal Angling Union. This is undoubtedly one of the third issue which is being discussed is that of gaffing fish. most effective ways of improving the chances of survival Some clubs are already using scoring systems where of released fish. There have been a number of published more points are allocated for fish that are not gaffed, studies which have proved this and, as further evidence, which again greatly increases the released fish's chance most linefish caught for the aquarium industry are now of surviving. These improvements to the structure of caught using barbless hooks as survival rates are much shore angling competitions are strongly encouraged as it better. A second important change being debated by will ultimately go a long way in reducing capture and SASAA is to remove the need to weigh each fish caught. handling mortality and ensuring better fishing for the Instead points will be allocated based purely on the type future.of fish caught, or on the length of the fish in the case of
THE SOUTH AFRICAN SHORE ANGLING ASSOCIATION (SASAA) ISCOMMENDED ON THEIR PLAN TO INTRODUCE BETTER FISH
HANDLING TECHNIQUES IN THEIR COMPETITIONS.
11
Anglers who have requested permission to tag fish in recovered 36 days later in the Zinkwasi Beach shark nets Mozambique waters have been given strict instructions 1288 km away! Another exciting recapture was reported to focus their tagging efforts on specific fish species. from a sailfish tagged off Ponta Chilola, Bazaruto and These include: king mackerel (couta), queen mackerel was recaptured 493 days later off Sodwana Bay, 1060 (Natal snoek), giant kingfish, largemouth queenfish, km away from where it was first tagged.southern pompano, yellowfin tuna, billfish (all species) and some shark species (i.e. blacktip & Zambezi). Some These recaptures confirm the theory scientists have that very interesting recapture results have been obtained South Africa shares some of its linefish stocks with from some of these fish species that have been tagged Mozambique, and underlines the need for both nations off the Bazaruto Archipelago during the past seventeen to work together to study and manage these resources.years (see table).
The results presented here were obtained mainly due to Some of the most exciting tagging results came from the a handful of dedicated ski-boat anglers and charter boat recapture of a number of king mackerel. It was found that skippers operating out of the archipelago and the out of 22 king mackerel recaptured, seven travelled ORI/WWF-SA Tagging Project would like to southwards over a thousand kilometres to be recaptured acknowledge them for their efforts:
Louis Erasmus Bazaruto Island (1988 - 1999)in KwaZulu-Natal. The fastest moving fish covered the Duarte M. Ratio Bazaruto Island (2001 on going)distance from Bazaruto Island to Umdloti in 161 days Andrew Parsons Benguerua Island (1996 on going)averaging 8.5 km per day! The average time free for Glanville Heydenrych Benguerua Island (2004 on going)these seven fish was less than a year.Guy Ferguson Santa Carolina Island (1999 on going)Stan Walters Margaruque Island (1992 - 1998)
To date out of the 712 giant kingfish tagged, 17 have Willie Rothman Margaruque Island (1992 - 1998)been recaptured, with only one fish having moved over Antony Diplock Margaruque Island (2003 - 2005)100 km. This particular fish measuring 72 cm fork length, Lee Westraadt Linene Island (2005 on going)
Earl Strydom Linene Island (2003 - 2005)travelled from Ponto Muanha, Benguerua Island to Ponta Da Mingo in 23 days, covering a distance of 117 km. The other recaptures have all been in close proximity to where they were originally tagged suggesting that this species may be locally resident.
One of the most surprising movements reported to us recently was from a blacktip shark measuring 160 cm PCL tagged off Bazaruto l i g h t h o u s e a n d w a s
Mean Max
Kingfish: giant 198 1341
Mackerel: king / couta 390 1449Mackerel: queen / Natal snoek 376 1044
Marlin: black 0 0
Marlin: blue 0 0
Sailfish 247 493
Shark: blackfin reef 697 697
Shark: blacktip 6 36
Shark: longnose blackfin 0 0
Shark: Zambezi 0 0
Tuna: yellowfin
712
729333
77
6
771
8
55
9
11
48
17
223
0
0
2
1
6
0
0
0
2.39
3.020.9
0
0
0.26
12.5
10.91
0
0
0
7
4044
0
0
530
0
215
0
0
0
117
139312
0
0
1060
0
1288
0
0
0 0 0
Km Travelled Days Free
Species Tagged Recapt. % Mean Max
AREA SWORDFISH SAILFISH STRIPED BLACK BLUE WHITE SHORTBILL TOTAL
Dubai 0 122 0 0 0 0 0 122
Mauritius 0 0 1 2 55 0 0 58
Seychelles 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 19
Madagascar 0 36 1 0 0 0 0 37
Malindi to Pemba 30 1214 85 19 10 0 1 1359
Carbo Delgado to Beira 0 10 1 0 0 0 0 11Bazaruto to Pomeni 0 773 1 78 6 0 0 858Morrungulo to Pta. Do Ouro 0 88 2 17 3 0 0 110
Kosi Bay to Sodwana Bay 0 96 43 131 25 0 4 299Cape Vidal to Mapelane 0 221 11 53 5 0 2 292Richards Bay 0 9 8 15 13 0 1 46Durban 0 82 101 64 5 0 1 253Park Rynie 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 9Cape Point 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 48
Bom-Bom 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2
Algiers 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 3
Tanzania 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
GRAND TOTAL 78 2681 255 380 123 2 9 3528
KENYA
MOZAMBIQUE
SOUTH AFRICA
WEST & NORTH AFRICA
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS
TAGGING RESULTS FROM THE BAZARUTO ARCHIPELAGO, MOZAMBIQUE
BILLFISH TAGGED BETWEEN 1976 AND 2005
With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
12
BOAT NAME BOAT CAPTAIN NUMBER OF BILLFISH TAGGED
Ahab Glanville Heydenrych 8 sailfishAllure Ryan Williamson 10 sailfishAnglers Taxi Graham Morgan 2 sailfish
Aqua-Holic Deon van der Merwe 1 sailfish
Aqualord Pierre Barnard 1 sailfish
Black Magic Lappies Labuschagne 2 black, 2 blue marlin
Black Watch Kas van Der Merwe 1 shortbill spearfish, 3 black marlin, 3 blue Brokie Brandon Brokensha 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin, 1 striped marlin
Canta Libre Gerhard Breedt 2 sailfish
Cool Running H. Olivier 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin, 1 blue marlin
Deep Blue Arthur Stamatis 1 black marlin
Denwa-One Denham Townsend 1 sailfish
Dream Catcher Mike Ross 2 sailfish
El Dorado Calvin Wright 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Endeavour Neville Kalil 1 striped marlin
Eye-Tie Roberto Fierro 3 sailfish
Finally A.Meyer 1 black marlin
Fish Hawk Claude Boardman 1 sailfish
Fish Tails Ross Armstrong 1 sailfish
Fish Therapy Andrew Parsons 12 sailfish, 2 black marlin
Flasher Wayne Dobeyn 1 sailfish
Galeforce Antony Diplock 13 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Gill 'N Tonic Michael Roberts 1 shortbill spearfish
Green Mamba Ken Leach 1 sailfish
Hands On Russell Hand 1 black marlin
Hlatikulu Andre Olivier 1 black marlin
Holy Smoke Craig Waldron 1 sailfish
Ibo, Rola & Vamizi Duarte M. Rato & Captains 130 sailfish, 3 black marlin
Ivanhoe Dick Pratt 4 sailfish
Lagosta Alberto 1 sailfish
Lauriska Danie Visser 2 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Lets Go Andre Delport 1 sailfish
Linene 2 Adrian Westrandt 2 sailfish, 1 blue marlin
Little Joey C.H.Rothmann 1 blue marlin
Loretta Johnny Le Roux 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Lulatoo Sean Brimacombe 1 sailfish
Lynski Tom Bradfield 11 sailfish, 3 black marlin
Makhalimpi John Chubb 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Malachite David Royston 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Manjana Steyn Jacobsohn 1 sailfish
Megalodon Rhys Griffiths 1 striped marlin
Mighty Mouse Tony Jelinski 2 sailfish
Milly Trevor Milstead 1 sailfish
Miss B Have Russell Hand 1 sailfish
National Spirit Peter Shore 1 blue marlin
Outrigger Gary Kimble 1 sailfish
Paaltjies Manie & Leon Badenhorst 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Parra David Kruger 2 sailfish
Quirimba Duarte M. Rato 13 sailfish
Running Reels Pieter Vorster 1 black marlin
Saltwater Kevin Hodgson 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Schalla's Schalk Lubbe 1 sailfish
Sea Ducer Garth Mc Gee 2 black marlin
Seabound R. Jones 1 sailfish
Shaluza Peter Rutherford 1 sailfish, 1 black marlin
Solandri Joe Niehans 1 sailfish
Squmfemfe Andre Badenhorst 1 black marlin
Sucadi Neil Tapson 1 sailfish
Swamp Thing Guy Ferguson 2 sailfish
Sweet Carolina Demetrios Stamatis 1 black marlin
Toy Toy Richard Cooper 3 sailfish
Umkhulu Braam Duvenlage 1 black marlin
Wave Walker Neels Cornelius 1 blue marlin
Woodie Anton Gets 1 sailfish
Yeld Cat 2 Phillip Marx 1 blue marlin
REGISTER OF BILLFISH TAGGED DURING 2005With thanks to the Tony and Lisette Lewis Foundation South Africa for generous sponsorship
