Formula FeedingFormula Feeding

By\Wafa Sharee Mareer

426204482

At the end of this presentation the student will have a good specific base of data about formula feeding.

Out lines:

1-The definition of formula feeding.2-Reasons of choosing formula

feeding.3-Types of formula feeding.

4-Forms of formula.5-Types of formula.

6-Advantages & disadvantages of fomula feeding.

7-The equipemets..8-Basic principles of preparation a

formula.9-Ways to prepare a formula.

10-Preparation of formula. 11-The technique of feeding.

12-Common mistakes in formula feeding.

What is formula feeding?

It is a food product designed to provide the nutrintional

needs of newborns & infants.

Reasons for choosing formula-feeding include:

1-There is an inadequate supply of maternal breast milk.

2-The baby is sucking inefficiently .3 -Some parents want to know exactly how much

their baby is receiving at each feeding, and formula/bottle-feeding allows exact measurement.

4-To avoid the transferring of certain drugs from the mother through the breast milk to the infant .

5-A practical alternative for mothers who may not be able to breastfeed due to work schedules .

6-Death of the mother.7-Institutions.

8-Infant's metabolic disorders.

The types of formula feedingThe types of formula feeding::A-Complementary feeding: (each feed) breast is given 1st until it is emptied then formula is given to complete the feeding.

B- Supplementary feeding: formula is given to substitute one or more feeds.

C-Substitutive feeding: no breast feeding ,formula only.

Forms of formulaForms of formula:: Formulas come in three basic forms:

1-Ready-to-use formula no mixing or measuring required, just open and serve recycle all of the cans or bottles. Once opened, it must be used within 48 hours.

2-Liquid concentrate formula requires you to mix equal parts of water and formula, so read the instructions on the container carefully.

3-Powdered formula. is the most economical choice, and you must follow the directions exactly, but it has a one-month shelf life after the container has been opened.

Types of formulaTypes of formulaThere's a formula to suit every baby's needs.

1-Cow's-milk-based formula: Most formula available 2-Soy-based formula: If the baby has trouble digesting cow's milk protein

3-Lactose-free formula: If the baby is lactose-intolerant, or unable to digest lactose.The doctor may suggest this formula if the baby has colic.

4-Extensively hydrolyzed formula: In these formulas, the protein is broken down into smaller parts that are easier for the baby to digest than larger protein molecules. The baby may need a hydrolyzed formula if he has allergies or trouble absorbing nutrients. The doctor may also suggest trying a hydrolyzed formula if the baby has colic.5-Formulas for *premature and* low-birth-weight babies: These formulas often contain more calories and protein.

6-Human milk fortifier: This product is used to enrich the nutrition of breastfed babies who have special needs. Some are designed to be mixed with breast milk, and some can also be fed alternately with breast milk.7- Iron Fortification :The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages use of low-iron formulas. Proper level of iron-fortification is necessary for normal infant growth and cognitive development.

The parents should discuss this option with the baby's doctor.

There are six main ingredients in formula:

1-Carbohydrate. 4- Fat.

2-Protein. 5- Vitamin. 3-Minerals. 6- & other

nutrients.

Which formula is best?

The best nourishment for the baby .

My mum is asking

Q- Can I make my own formula? No.

Q.Why can't I just feed my baby cows' milk? Because it doesn't have the proper nutritional elements needed by a growing infant and can trigger digestive trouble.

Q- What about adding cereal or milk to my baby's formula? Never; unless the doctor recommends it.

Q-What about adding cow’s milk or

breast milk to formula? Never do it ,or give it to the baby straight until he's at least 1 year old. And adding breast milk to formula is a waste of breast milk if the baby doesn't drink the entire bottle.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of formula feeding?

1-Formula-fed babies often need to eat less

frequently than do breastfed babies because breast milk moves through the digestive system more quickly. Thus, breastfed babies may become hungry more frequently.

2-A The entire family can involved in all aspects of the baby's care, including feedings. The mother can therefore get more rest.

3-Allows exact measurement of how much of food the baby is receiving at each feeding.

4-The mother does need not to care about what she eating .

The advantages:

The dis-advantages :

1-The formulas are expensive.

2-The lack of maternal infection-fighting antibodies that are in breast milk R\T that the baby will get sick easly.

3-No formula can exactly duplicate the ideal composition of breast milk.

4-The formula may will be difficult to digest .

The equipements of formula feeding:

Appropriate nipple, bottle ,& formula.

Types of bottle's nipple which can be used:

 

1-The Avent Bottle Nippleis naturally shaped like mother's breast to encourage suckling, not sucking.

2 -Special vent holes and ribs Nipples have 3 holes for a medium smooth flow & to prevent collapse.Recommended for

approximately ages 4 months and up*

3-Nipple Sampler including: A-The level two nipple is for use when feeding infant ages 3 months and up .

B-The level three nipple is for use when feeding more aggressive eaters.

C-The Y-cut/cereal nipples are for use when feeding cereal and thick juices.

4-Preemie Flow Silicone Nipple is for use when feeding preemie babies& can be used for standard 4oz and 8oz bottles.

*******************************************************************************5-Replacement nipples.

for the Wide Neck bottles

6-The NUK Silicone Orthodontic Nipples:

A-( If it silicone): simulates the shape of mother's breast during breastfeeding .

B-(If it latex):- Nipples are Cross cut- *simulates the shape of mother's breast during breastfeeding & *encourage oral exercise and

slow intake .

N.B :It is best to use a nipple that is silicone, rather than latex, to protect the baby from latex allergens

Silicone nipple Latex nipple

7 -The Variflo nipple has a cross-cut which responds to the baby's suckling strength to give exactly the right flow. Ideal from birth.

******************************************************************* ********* 8-The Second Flow Control Nature All-Stages Nipple is constructed of a thin silicone membrane with multiple micro-holes. When baby is not feeding, the micro-holes stay closed and the nipple is completely spill proof. When the baby suckles on the nipple, the membrane flexes, and the micro-holes open, and baby gets milk.

The Second Flow Control Nature All-Stages Nipple

9-NaturaLatch. Baby latches on in a similar way as breastfeeding, for a more natural

feeding.

10-Even flo's The elongated shape makes it easier to latch on ,it's recommendedfor babies 6 months and older .

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Gّ11-classic silicon nipple for fast flow.

12-Pigeon Nipple; can be used with any bottle. It has a fast flow , for slightly older infants with cleft palat. The nipple has a firm side that goes toward the roof of the mouth and a softer side that goes on the tongue works by compression only and no squeezing is needed. A small notch at the base of the nipple serves as an air vent. This notch should be uppermost under the baby's nose when feeding.

Types of bottlesTypes of bottles::

kind of bottle can be use for feeding with cleft palate

1-Mead-Johnson Cleft Palate Nurser

2-Haberman Feeder

11--The Mead-Johnson Cleft Palate NurserThe Mead-Johnson Cleft Palate Nurser is a squeezable bottle .As the baby begins to suck, squeeze the bottle (only squeeze when the baby is sucking) with a firm steady pressure to the count of "squ-e-e-ze-two-three," relaxing your squeeze on the two-three count . If the baby pauses to breathe, you should pause also.

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22--Haberman FeederHaberman Feeder for babies who are small or premature, or who have cleft palate only. The baby can obtain milk by compressing the nipple against the roof of the mouth, without need for suction & no squeezing is needed.

**Basic principles of preparation the formula:

1-All equipment used must be sterile.Keep the formula labeled.

2-Accuracy of measure.

3(-In hospital )wear gown & caps.)At home(wear a clean dress or apron.

4-The flow of milk should be tested before the nipple is used.(the choosen nipple should not be very soft or too firm).

Ways to prepare a formula:

1-According to the daily fluid requirement(150ml\kg of body wt.\d. .):

Volume of feeding (ml) =

150 ml x baby wt in kg \ total no. of feeds.

2-According to daily caloric requirement(100-120 cal\kg of body wt.):

*No. of cal. Required \ 24 hrs=

Total caloric requirement(p.d.) x baby's body wt .

*No. of ounces infant needs\ 24 hrs=

( total cal. Requirement\24 hrs\ )20

(= X) ounces.

*Volume of feeding in ml=

(X )x30\ no. of feeding.

3-According to infant's wt: .

*Volume of feeding in ml\ feed =

Wt. in gms\ 36 .

QuantityQuantity Always fill the bottle with about one

ounce more formula than you expect your baby to take. This allows the baby to take as much as s/he needs at each feed. If s/he sucks the bottle empty, probably the quantity was insufficient. When full, your baby will not be interested in sucking .

Preparation the formula

1 .Wash your equipment well. boil bottles and nipples for 5- 10 minutes. 2. Wash the top of the formula can before opening it.

3 .Wash your hands well. 4. Follow the preparation directions on the container exactly.

5 .Use boiled water. If you are on chlorinated water (as most of us are) you do not need to boil the water for mixing formula.

6.Only mix what you can use within 24 hours, and toss any leftovers &Keep it cool

7.Learn the symptoms of food-borne illness The most common symptoms of a food-borne illness are vomitingand diarrhea.

8.If you have a problem with infant formula, report it immediately

Techniques of feedingTechniques of feeding::

1-Obtain the formula bottle from the refrigerator & warm it up.

(the baby may accept the formula cold from the fridge but most prefer it to be warmed to at least room temperature.)

•Storing & Heating the feedings ( *Storing):

Formula, like milk, is subject to rapid spoilage at room temperature Therefore, if a heated formula is not eaten right away, that it immediately be put back in the refrigerator, and then be reheated when needed. Formula should not be kept more than 48 hours at 40 degrees

Keep formula cool but not frozen. Heat and cold can degrade the ingredients and the nutrients in formula, so keep unopened liquid and powdered formula in a cool placeIt's best not to put powdered formula in the refrigerator or another damp place, because the humidity can cause the powder to clump.

(* Heating:)

Do not microwaveDo not microwave. put the feeding in warm water for few min.

2-Check the patency of the nipple. Air has to flow into the bottle to replace

milk sucked out otherwise a vacuum forms and the baby will fidget or fall asleep as milk will stop flowing. You may see the nipple collapse. Make sure you do not over-tighten the ring that secures the nipple to the bottle as this can prevent air entering.( The disposable-bag feeding systems do not have this potential problem), make sure the hole in the nipple is n't too small, which will frustrate the baby and make him\her swallow air. On the other hand, if the hole's too large, s\he'll be gagging and gulping because the fluid will come at him too quickly .

3-Insure safe newborn\ infant's positioning: Positioning:

Cuddle the baby against your chest during feeds, and (if you comfortably can) alternate the arm with which you hold him/her. You can position the baby so s\he is looking at you during feed. Let the baby's bottom rest on your thigh (or a pillow in your lap) while you support his/her head and upper back with your upper arm. Tickle the baby's lips with the nipple and wait for him/her to show interest before starting the feed. Position the nipple fully in the infant’s mouth (at least 1 inch) so the lips cover the broad base and the jaw is open wide.

*do n't give the formula or breast milk a straight path to his tummy .

Correct Technique

Incorrect TechniqueIncorrect Technique

Correct TechniqueCorrect Technique

4-Feed the newborn\infant.

The baby should be calm and relaxed during the feed, and content afterwards. A healthy, term baby may complete a feed in about twenty minutes. If the feed is very rapid (five to ten minutes), the baby may feel unsettled .*Try not to let the baby get too hungry before you start feeding him

5-Burping

After each feeding If you don't get a burp up within a few minutes, don't worry. The baby probably doesn't need to burp just then. If the baby is relaxed and feeding contentedly, do not interrupt the feed to burp him/her. A baby who needs to burp will begin to fidget and will burp readily when brought to an upright position. Babies may not burp at every feed.

6-Make sure that baby's clothing and diaper are n't too tight.

7- Do n't jostle the baby too much after s\he eats, and try to keep him in an upright position for half an hour or so .

8- Do n't overfeed her\him.

9- If the baby tends to spit up while sleeping, elevate her\his head.

It's unsafe for the baby to sleep with a pillow, but you can place a foam wedge under one end of her\his mattress or put the head of her\his cribl safely on blocks.

10-Discard the unused portion of formula.

My mum is asking again

Q.Why does my baby spit up so much? He's probably just getting the hang of feeding When your baby takes in air along with his\her breast milk or formula , the air gets trapped in with the liquid. The air has to come up, and when it does, so does some

of the liquid ..

Q.Is there anything I can do about it? Try feeding technique tips to help your baby keep his food down.

Q.When will my baby outgrow this? Most babies stop spitting up by around 6 or 7 months of age, or once they learn to sit up on their own, but a few will continue until their first birthday.

Q.How can I tell if he's spitting up or vomiting? Vomiting is usually more forceful and of greater quantity than if your baby is just spitting up some of his latest meal. If your baby seems distressed, he's probably Vomiting. Spitting up doesn't faze most babies at all.

Common mistakes in formula feeding

1 -Leaving the baby with the bottle feeding unattended.

2-Too larg or too narrow hole in the teat.

3-Use of any available bottle.

4-Over diluted feed.5-Frequent crying of

baby because of underfeeding

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