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Alex Berg
Cristina Segura
Biomass as an energy source
in Chile
2016 SWST International ConferenceForest Resource and Products: Moving Toward a Sustainable Future
Curitiba, Brazil
March 6 – 10, 2016
Content
1. The Chilean energy matrix
2. Actual biofuels:
• Fire logs
• Residues from forest and industrial activities
• Pellets
• Other (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol)
3. Electricity from biomass:
• Steam turbines
• Wood gasification
• Wood pyrolysis
• ORC
4. Conclusions
Chilean primary energy matrix
Source: Balance Nacional de Energía 2013, Ministerio de Energía (2014)
Actual biofuelsFire logs
77 PJ (77 x 1015 J)
6 Million t(Balance Nacional de Energía 2014)
Actual biofuelsResidues from forest and industrial activities
92 PJ (92 x 1015 J)
6 Million t(Balance Nacional de Energía 2014)
141 PJ (141 x 1015 J)
10 Million t(Balance Nacional de Energía 2014)
Industrial thermal uses Cogeneration
Actual biofuelsTotal forest biomass consumption for energy use
Firelogs 6 Mill t
Industrial thermal uses 6 Mill t
Cogeneration 10 Mill t
_________________________________
Total 22 Mill t(Balance Nacional de Energía 2014)
Actual biofuelsPellets
Actual production capacity:
Ecomas, Los Ángeles: 50.000 ton/año
www.ecomas.cl
Andes Biopellet, Los Ángeles: 50.000 ton/año
www.andesbiopellets.cl
Biopower Coronel: 2 ton/h
www.biopower.cl
Forestal Flor del Lago, Villarrica: 1 ton/hora
Powerpellets, Puerto Varas: 1,5 ton hora
www.powerpellets.cl
Maderas San Vicente Ltda., Punta Arenas: 1 ton/h
Other very smale production plants:
•B&D, Concepción: 70 kg/h
•UDT, Coronel: 200 kg/h
Actual biofuelsOther
Bioenercel
Bioethanol
15 plants with a total
capacity: 28.6 MWe
Sources: Matías Errazuriz, Felipe Kaiser, Pablo Bustos Cruchaga, www.chiledesarrollosustentable.cl, Gonzalo Briones, Centro Energías
Renovables, Ministerio de Energía.
3 plants with a total
capacity of aprox. 40
m³/month
Sources: Juan Carlos Moraga (FAME), Flavio Pardo (ECOPACTO)
Biogas
Biodiesel
Name of company Owner Installed capacity [MWe]
Central Arauco Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 24
Central Licantén Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 6
Nueva Aldea III Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 37
Laja Energía Verde S.A. 12
Constitución Energía Verde S.A. 11
Escuadrón (Ex Fpc) Eléctrica Nueva Energía S.A. 15
Masisa Masisa 11
SF Energía Bioenergías Forestales S.A. 98
Energía Pacífico Energía Pacífico S.A. 16
Bioenergía Lautaro COMASA S.A. 25
Central Viñales Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A. 31
CMPC Laja Bioenergías Forestales S.A. 25
Energía Bío Bío Energía Bío Bío Limitada 8
Energía León (Coelemu) Energía León S.A. 7
Total 326
Electricity from biomassSteam turbines
Gasification reactors
Updraft
Electricity from biomassWood gasification
Gas Cleaning Systems
Operation problems:
• Acid condensates, PAHs
• Tars deposits (lines/turbocharger)
• Condensates in air lines
• NOx, CO, H2S emissions
• Tars/particulates blocking:
• Seals collapse
• Membrane breakdown
Requirements:
• Tar < 100 mg/m3N
• PM <50 mg/m3N
• Alkali metals < 50 mg/m3N
• Ammonia < 55 mg/m3N
• Biochar as adsorbent/catalyst or catalyst support.
• Nanostructured catalytic carbon aerogels for tars and ammonia removal.
• Compact and efficient design for highly clean syngas stream.
General Classification Cold gas cleaning Hot gas cleaning
Specific Classification Dry Cleaning Wet Cleaning Thermal treatment Catalytic treatment
Equipment Involved
Cyclone, rotating particle separators,
bag filters, ceramic filters, sand bed
filters, absorbers, electrostatic
precipitators etc.
Spray towers, packed
scrubbers, impigment
scrubbers, wet electrostatic
precipitators, wet cyclones,
etc.
Ceramic filter/candle
filter
Primary bed in the gasifier
or secondary
reformer/cracker
Electricity from biomassWood gasification
Electricity from biomassWood gasification
Challenges
Challenge 1
To develop an effective gas cleaning technology
Challenge 2
To identify application fields
Challenge 3
To implement the first comercial biomass gasification plant in Chile for electricity
production
Synthesegas
Biochar
1. Carbonisation
Biomass (0-30 % water)
2. Catalytic Reforming
Synthesis gas
Oil and water
Source: Daschner, R.: “Semi-mobile biomass conversion with TCR®-technology”. Sustainable use of Biomass in Chile Workshop, Biorefineries Congress,
Concepción, November 25, 2015.
Electricity from biomass
Wood pyrolysis / reforming
Semi-Mobile Thermo-Catalytic-Reforming (TCR®) unitProject: Semi-Mobile Bioenergy from Agricultural and Forest Residues in Chile and Beyond
(SeMoBioEnergy)
Electricity from biomass
Wood pyrolysis / reforming
Challenges
Challenge 1
To establish mass and energy balances
Challenge 2
To run a motor with bio oil in long running tests
Challenge 3
To implement a comercial biomass pyrolysis plant in Chile
Electricity from biomassORC
USEFUL
HEATPOWER
GENERATION
WASTE HEAT
TECHNICAL DATA
Electrical output 40 – 1,000 kW
Usable temperature level 90 – 550°C
Usable heating energy 200 – 6,500 kWth
Useful heat provision Up to 90 °C
Simple system integration pre-tested compact
modules
Function and technical data
Source: Dürr Cyplan Ltd.: ORC-Technology, power generation by waste heat and energetic residuals. 2015.
Synthesegas
Electricity from biomassORC
Economics for various preconditions
Source: Dürr Cyplan Ltd.: ORC-Technology, power generation by waste heat and energetic residuals. 2015.
Electricity from biomassORC
Challenges
Challenge 1
To evaluate the best application areas
Challenge 2
To implement the first ORC plant in Chile
Challenge 3
To propose a industrial application plan of ORC technology in Chile
• Forest biomass is an important primary energy source in Chile. Most of the
energy is used for thermal energy production, for residential and industrial
needs.
Outlook
• 15 cogeneration plants based on the traditional Rankine Cycle are installed in
Chile, with a total capacity of 326 MWe. Plants with smaller capacities (0,5 – 2
MWe), based on ORC technology or motors driven by wood gases / bio oil,
have a good chance to penetrate into the local market.
• The future of bioenergy is uncertain worldwide, including countries like Chile,
in which a wide availability of residual biomass exists. An effective use of raw
materials in integrated biorefineries and intelligent logistic solutions can help
to improve economic performance.
