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FOREST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Dr. Mohit Gera, IFS Faculty, IGNFA E mail: [email protected]. OUTLINE …. Goods and services from forests Relevance to NLBI Payment for ecosystem services Case study results from India. GOODS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE FORESTS. Goods Timber, fuelwood - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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OUTLINE …
Goods and services from forests
Relevance to NLBI
Payment for ecosystem services
Case study results from India
Goods • Timber, fuelwood• Pulpwood• Food (tubers, flowers,
seeds and gums)• Non-edible oils• Medicines• Fibers and flosses• Resins• Lac• Tendu and other leaves• Bamboos and canes• Fodder• Water
Services • Soil stabilization & erosion
control• Ground water recharge• Regulation of climate by trapping
moisture• Trees trap PM & improve air
quality (human health)• Biological diversity• Habitat for wildlife• Nutrients re-cycling• Recreation & tourism• Maintenance of visual quality of
environment.• Carbon sink & sequestration
GOODS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE FORESTS
Relevance to NLBI
The national policies and measures of NLBI essentially cover the following:
1.Encourage recognition of the values, particularly the intangible values from forests as well as from Trees outside Forests.
2.Explore ways to reflect such values in market place in line with the national policies and the legislation.(Domestic markets may be more rewarding than the international market; Explore vigorously the domestic markets)
3. Developing effective financing strategies for SFM.
4. Enhanced access to local population to forest resources and relevant markets.
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Water services
Supply of services:Upstream land uses affect the Quantity, Quality, and Timing of water flows
Adopted from Stefano Pagiola & Gunars Platais, 2005
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Water services
Demand for services:Possible downstream
beneficiaries:
• Domestic water use• Irrigated agriculture• Fisheries• Recreation
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The problem
Benefits to land users
Costs to downstream populations
Deforestation and use for
pasture
Conservation
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The logic of payments for environmental services
Benefits to land users
Costs to downstream populations
Deforestation and use for
pasture
Conservation
Payment
Conservation with
payment for service
Important!This logic is repeated
every year
» Need annual payments» Need sustained financing
What is Payment for Ecosystem Service ?
PES is a voluntary transaction where1.There is a well-defined Ecosystem Service 2.is being 'bought' by a (minimum one) ES buyer3.from a (minimum one) ES provider4.if and only if the ES provider secures ES provision (conditionality).The core idea of PES is that external ES beneficiaries make direct, contractual and conditional payments to local landholders for adopting practices that secure ecosystem conservation and ensure uninterrupted flow of ES in question.
BENEFICIARY PAYS PRINCIPLE
Examples of ecosystem services in demand•Recreational value•Air quality improvement (urban demand)•Watershed protection (Water, soil conservation)
•Biodiversity conservation
•Carbon sinks Need for creation of a system of localized payments for these ecosystem services from forests. This may prove to be a long term & sustainable solution to financing SFM in India.
(i) Valuation of biodiversity in KNP : Rs 427.04/-
(average consumer surplus, Chopra et
al.)
(ii) Rs. 194.68 was calculated to be average
recreational benefit per visit for VOF
National Park (Gera et al., 2003)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE ON TCM STUDIES FROM INDIA
CVM STUDIES CONDUCTED IN INDIA
1. WTP for annual Recreational benefits of Bhoj wetland – Rs 241/hh.
2. WTP for Maintenance and preservation of Borivili National Park – Rs 90 per hh.
3. Aggregate benefits to urban literate & employed people when the water quality of river Ganges improves from present to bathing quality
– Rs. 500.02 per hh
CVM STUDIES CONDUCTED IN INDIA contd…
4. Valuation of Terai forests of Yamuna sub-basin, 40 districts (Hills, plains & foot hills) for the services of recreation, biodiversity conservation and nutrient cycling etc.
Average WTP = Rs. 519.87 per hh/year
CONCLUSION
Why should a forest be assigned a value when it is slated to be lost?“Beneficiary pays principle”Payment for Environmental Services may be the key.We should have a mechanism in place for localized payments to ES providers.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
