Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T UNIT: 01

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

Uttarakhand Open University 1

UNIT: 01

INTRODUCTION TO BASICS OF

FRENCH LANGUAGE

Structure:

1.1 Objectives

1.2 The Alphabet and Their Pronunciation

1.3 Les Accents (The Accents)

1.4 Pronoms Sujets (Subject Pronouns)

1.5 Change of Gender

1.6 Les Verbes (The Verbs)

1.7 Les Nombres (The Numbers): Cardinal – Ordinal

1.8 How to Tell Time in French?

1.9 Formules De Politesse (Basic Greetings)

1.10 Poids Et Mesures (Weights and Measures)

1.11 Glossary

1.12 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings

1.13 Terminal Questions

1.1 Objective

After reading this unit you should be able to:

1. To learn the pronunciation and the accents in French.

2. To understand the Subject Pronouns and French verbs and their

conjugations.

3. To know about French numbers and time

4. To know common greetings and able to express weight and measures in

French.

1.2 The Alphabet and Their Pronunciation

The French Alphabet

L'alphabet français

(Pronunciation)

A a A

B b Bé

C c Cé

D d Dé

E e E



F f Ef

G g Jé

H h Ash

I i I

J j Ji

K k Ka

L l El

M m Emm

N n Enn

O o O

P p Pé

Q q Ky

R r Err

S s Es

T t Té

U u Eu

V v Vé

W w Double vé

X x Iks

Y y I-grek

Z z Zéd

VOWELS:( Les voyelles) - There are six Vowels in French Language –

a, e, i, o, u, y.

„h‟ is the vowel mute. ‗H‘ in not pronounced in French and normally silent. It is

usually followed by another vowel.

Example :hôtel (hotel) [ O-T-E]

CONSONANTS- There are nineteen consonants in French Language-

B, C ,D, F ,G ,J ,K, L, M, N, P,

Q ,R, S, T, V ,W ,X, Z.

If French alphabet ‗C‘is followed by a,o,u ; it is pronounced as (KA,KU) .

If French alphabet ‗C‘is followed by e,i,y, ; it is pronounced as (SI) .

Example: Commencer ( C -O-M-A-N-S-E)

If French alphabet ‗G‘is followed by a,o,u ; it is pronounced as (GA, GU)

If French alphabet ‗G‘is followed by e,i,y ; it is pronounced as (JE,JI) .

Example: Garçon ( G-A-R-S-O)( Here ‗C‘ is pronounced as ‗S‘ due to assent

La cédille ‗ç‘on ‗c‘.



Silent letters: In French certain letters are not pronounced depending on their

position in the words:

If a French word is ending with consonant and that consonant is preceded

by a vowel, then that consonant is not pronounced.

Example: Tabac (T-A-B-A) ; Assez( A-S-E)

When masculine nouns and adjectives are converted to feminine by

adding an -e the preceding consonant will be sounded/pronounced.

Example: étudiant [E-T-U-D-I-A],---étudiante [E-T-U-D-I-A-T]

( Student)

Petit ( P-E-T-I), Petite ( P-E-T-I-T), (small)

In French the word ‗ille‘ combinedly pronounced as ‗EE‘

Example:Mille (M-E-E)

All the nouns in French language are either masculine or feminine. There

is no neutral gender. Normally a French noun ending with ‗e‘ is feminine.

This is not universally applicable. Some exceptions do exist. Two French

feminine nouns are given below:

Example: Actrice (actress); Maison (House)

ÉLISION(Elision): Usually when a word ends with a vowel and the next word begins

with vowel, then last vowel of first word is dropped (elided) and it is replaced by an

apostrophe.

Example: Le homme (the man) : e is dropped or elided = L‘homme

La heure (the hour ) : a is elided = L‘heure

Si il (if he) : I is elided = S‘il

LES SIGNES DE PUNCTUATION (PUNCTUATION MARKS)

Punctuation marks in the French language are used in a similar way of English

language, but the dash or ‗tiret‘ commonly serves to denote a change in the speaker in

a written dialogue…….

For example: -C‘est vous (It is you)

-rien (nothing).



The following punctuation marks are used in dictation practice:

( . ) - le point (the full-stop)

(,) – la virgule (the comma)

(;) – le point et virgule (the semi-colon)

(:) – les deux points (the colon)

(?) – le point d‘interrogation (the question mark)

(-) – le trait d‘union (the hyphen)

( )– le tiret (the dash)

( ) – la parenthese (the brackets)

1.3 LES ACCENTS(THE ACCENTS) ou (or) LES SIGNES

ORTHOGRAPHIQUES (ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS)

L‟accentaigu: The aigu(acute) accent (é )points to the right and upward. It generally

put above the letter e and it changes the letter‘s pronunciation to ay

—for example,:Médecin ( doctor),(M-E-D-S-O); Marché ( market).

L‟accent grave: The grave accent (è)points to the left and upward. It can appear over

vowel- ‗a‘ ‗e‘ and ‗u‘, but it only alters pronunciation when over the letter e. ‗ è‘ with

grave accents is always pronounced ‗EHH‘, like the ‗e‘ in the English word set.

Examples:

Très ( very); Deuxième ( in second place).

When grave accent is put on ‗a‘ and ‗u‘, thepronunciation does not change, but its

meaning is changed.

For example: ou in French means (or) and où means (where), Similarly ‗à‘ means (at

or to).

La cédille: In French, the cedilla is a little tail under the letter c: ‗ç‘. It is used to give

the ‗c‘ an ‗s‘ sound instead of a hard ‗ k‘ sound (when ‗C‘ is followed by ‗a‘ or ‗o‘ in

a word —for example:

Garçon ( boy); Français ( the French language)

Le tréma: The tréma looks like two dots above a letter. It‘s usually placed above the

second of two consecutive vowels when both vowels are to be pronounced separately.

Jamaïque ( Jamai- ca) ; Nöel ( Nö-EL)

Le circonflexe: The circonflexe looks like a little pointed hat over vowels. It doesn‘t

change pronunciation, but it must be included in written French.



Forêt ( forest); Hôtel ( hotel)

Le trait d‟union (-)-This hyphen, is used to connect words

Avez-vous?

A-t-elle?

L‟apostrophe (‟)-This sign indicates the omission of a vowel.

L‘heure instead of La heure

L‘ami instead of Le ami

1.4 PRONOMS SUJETS (SUBJECT PRONOUNS)

A sentence normally consists of subject and verb. Further object can be added to it.

Subject pronouns indicate who or what is performing the action of a verb. They act as

the subject of verbs. They may be singular or plural, masculine or feminine to agree

with the noun (subject) they replace.

In French different subject pronouns are determined by number and person.

Number is divided into ―singular‖ (one) and ―plural‖ (more than one).

Person includes ―first person‖ (the speaker), ―second person‖ (the

listener), and ―third person‖ (neither the speaker nor the listener).

Thus, with two numbers and three persons, there are a total of six grammatical

persons, each of which has at least one subject pronoun:

Sujet Pronom (Subject Pronoun)

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun)

Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)

English French English French

Première personne

(1st person) I Je* We Nous

Deuxième personne

(2nd person) you Tu You Vous

Troisième personne

(3rd person)

He/ It Il / Ce* They Ils

She Elle They Elles

*‗Je‘ and ‗Ce‘ will be written as J‘ or C‘if it is followed by vowel.

Example :J‘ai , C‘est)



Difference between French Subject „Tu‟ and „Vous‟: The distinction between ‗tu’

and ‗vous’ is observed on verb conjugations, adjectives, and pronouns.But more than

that, the choice of ‗tu’ or ‗vous’ is a matter of etiquette. It explains the relationship

between two people and how they interact, and using the wrong pronoun can have

negative consequences.In English, the second person subject pronoun is always

―you‖, but French has two words: ‗tu’ and ‗vous’. ‗Tu‘ is the informal ‗you‘, while

‗Vous‘ is the formal ‗you‘.‗Tu‟ is informal and always singular, while ‗vous‟ is

formal and can be used both singular and/or plural. If one is talking to more than one

person, it doesn't matter what ever relationship it may be formal or informal – vous is

always used. It is only while talking to a single person, the choice must be made

between ‗tu’ and ‗vous’. The informal, singular subject pronoun ‗tu’ indicates an

intimate, amicable, and/or equal relationship between two people, and as such it is

used with family, friends, lovers, colleagues, and classmates.‘Tu’ is also used when

talking to God, children, animals, and inanimate objects. Using ‗tu’ with someone

who doesn‘t fit any of these categories is likely to cause offense.

1.5 CHANGE OF GENDER

In general, we can make the feminine of the word by adding -e to the masculine

adjective.

Example- Petit-Petite (Small), Client-Cliente( Client)

2-If in an adjective, last word ends in an –e mute, then there is no change.

Example-Jeune-Jeune (Young). This word denotes both masculine and

feminine.

3- Doubling of the last consonants of the words.

Example- Gros-Grosse(Thick/Fat)

Bon-Bonne (Good)

Indien-Indienne (Indian)

Gentil-Gentille(Gentle )

4-Grave accent on the-e

Cher-chère( Dear)

5- Modification of the final consonants in last words.( F-Ve),(Eur-Euse),(C-

Che),(Eau-Elle)

Example-Actif-Active

Sportif-Sportive



Vendeur-Vendeuse (Seller)

Blanc-Blanche (White)

Beau-Belle (Beautiful)

Nouveau-Nouvelle (New)

1.6 LES VERBES (THE VERBS)

Verbs are action words that express the action (He speaks/We play) or state of being (I

am student) of a sentence. They are one of the key parts of speech. French verbs have

to be ―conjugated‖ or ―inflected‖. They are changed according to different subjects in

different forms. There are six different conjugations for each verb for each tense and

mood according to two numbers and three persons.

The basic form of a verb in French is called the infinitive and it is also the name of the

verb. The English infinitive is ―to‖ followed by a verb, while the French infinitive is a

single word with one of three infinitive endings with: „er‟ , „ir‟ and „re‟.

The verbs in French ending with „er‟ are normally known as regular verbs and

followed similar pattern of conjugation with different subjects in simple present

tense as given below:

While conjugating with subject Je- „er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Tu -„er‟ is replaced by „es‟;

While conjugating with subject Il or Elle or any third person singular subject -

„er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Nous- „er‟ is replaced by „ons‟;

While conjugating with subject Vous -„er‟ is replaced by „ez‟;

While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „er‟

is replaced by „ent‟

Some French verbs like ‗Aller‘ (to go) ends with -„er‟,but it is an irregular verb.

For irregular verbs there is no specific pattern/rule of conjugation. One has to

remember or practice these conjugations of verbs to apply in framing French

sentences.



Example: Conjugation of regular French verb „Jouer‟(To play) in simple

présent(present) tense with different subjects:

Example : Conjugation of regular French verb „Aimer‟(To love) in

simpleprésent(present) tense with different subjects:

AUXILIARY VERB OR HELPING VERB IN FRENCH

In French, when constructing compound tenses, such as the passé compose (past

tense), we use auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs. In French, there are two

auxiliary verbs. They are être (eh-truh), which means 'to be,' and avoir (ah-vwar),

which means 'to have.'The verbs avoir and être are important verbs in the French

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun) Conjugation of regular French verb „Jouer‟(To play)



Première personne

(1st person)

I Play Je Joue We Play Nous Jouons

Deuxième personne

(2nd person)

You Play Tu Joues You play Vous Jouez

Troisième personne

(3rd person)

He Plays Il Joue They play Ils Jouent

She plays Elle Joue They play Elles Jouent

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun) Conjugation of regular French verb „Aimer‟(To love)



Première personne

(1st person)

I Love J‘aime We Love Nousaimons

Deuxième

personne

(2nd person)

You Love Tu aimes You Love Vous aimez

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He Loves Il aime

They Love Ils aiment

She Loves Elle aime

They Love Elles aiment



language. we use them to construct the compound tenses. Avoir and être are also used

as main verbs in certain situations. They are categorized as irregular verb.

Usage as a Main Verb

referring to possession

Example:Elle a une voiture.(She has a car)

when talking about age

Example:J‘ai 25ans. (Iam 25 yearsold)

with adjectives

Example:Tu es jeune. (You are Young)

when identifying things/people (description, nationality, professions, …)

Example:Il est français.(He is French)

Il est professeur. (He is professor)

for dates and times

Example: Il est 10heures. (It istenO‘clock ).

Usage as an Auxiliary Verb in the passé compose (past tense)

Elle est née .(Shewasborn)

J‘ai mangé. (I ate)

Example : Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: être (to be)-in


Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun) Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: être(to be)



Première personne

(1st person)

I am Je suis We are Nous sommes

Deuxième

personne

(2nd person)

You are Tu es You are Vous êtes

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He is Il est

They are Ils sont

She is Elle est

They are Elles sont



Example: Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: avoir(to have/has)-in


Difference between French subject: „Nous‟ and ‗On‟

In French, there are two subject pronouns to express ‗we‟:‗nous‟ and ‗on‟. ‗Nous‟ is

strictly "we," indicating a specific group of people about whom weare speaking.

‗On‟ is significantly less formal than nous, but can be used interchangeably in most

normal conversations. Subject ‗On‟ takes the conjugation of verb of 3rd

personsingular (He/Il).

Example: Nous sommes Indiens. (We are Indians)

On est Indiens. (We are Indians)

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS-1 1.Écrivez la prononciation des mots .(Write the pronunciation of the followings

words).

a) A

b) E

c) H

d) J

e) R

f) T

g) V

h) W

i) X

j) Y

k) Z

Sujet Pronom

(Subject Pronoun) Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: avoir (to have/has)



Première personne

(1st person)

I have J‘ai We have Nous avons

Deuxième personne

(2nd person)

You have Tu as You have Vous avez

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He has Il a

They have Ils ont

She has Elle a

They have Elles ont



2.Correspondez aux mots avec leursprononciations. (Match the words with their

pronunciations).

a. B Cé

b. C Bé

c. K I-grec

d. N O

e. O Enne

f. YKa

3.Complétez avec ‗Tu‘ ou ‗Vous‘.( Complete the sentence with ‗Tu‘ or ‗Vous‘.

A- ............... habitesà Delhi?

B- ............. es Anglais.

C- Je connais .......

D- ...........êtes chanteur.

E- ........... connaissez la France.

1.7. LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS): CARDINAL –

ORDINAL

A Cardinal Number is a number that says how many of something there are, such as

one, two, three, four, five etc. An Ordinal Number is a number that tells the position

of something in a list, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th etc. Most ordinal numbers end

in "th" except for: one ⇒ first (1st) in English. But in French it normally ends with

‗ième‘ as listed below.

The Numbers (Counting from 0 (Zéro) to 100 (Cent) in French

0 Zéro

1 Un

2 Deux

3 Trois

4 Quatre

5 Cinq

6 Six

7 Sept

8 Huit

9 Neuf

10 Dix

11 Onze

12 Douze

13 Treize

14 Quatorze

15 Quinze



16 Seize

17 Dix-sept

18 Dix-huit

19 Dix-neuf

20 Vingt

21 Vingtet un

22 Vingt- deux

23 Vingt- trois

24 Vingt- quatre

25 Vingt- cinq

26 Vingt -six

27 Vingt -sept

28 Vingt -huit

29 Vingt -neuf

30 Trente

31 Trenteetun

32 Trente- deux

33 Trente- trois

34 Trente- quatre

35 Trente- cinq

36 Trente- six

37 Trente- sept

38 Trente- huit

39 Trente- neuf

40 Quarante

41 Quaranteet un

42 Quarante- deux

43 Quarante- trois

44 Quarante- quatre

45 Quarante- cinq

46 Quarante- six

47 Quarante- sept

48 Quarante- huit

49 Quarante- neuf

50 Cinquante

51 Cinquanteetun

52 Cinquante- deux

53 Cinquante- trois

54 Cinquante- quatre

55 Cinquante- cinq

56 Cinquante- six

57 Cinquante- sept

58 Cinquante- huit

59 Cinquante- neuf

60 Soixante

61 Soixante et un

62 Soixante- deux

63 Soixante- trois



64 Soixante- quatre

65 Soixante- cinq

66 Soixante- six

67 Soixante- sept

68 Soixante- huit

69 Soixante -neuf

70 Soixante -dix

71 Soixanteetonze

72 Soixante- douze

73 Soixante -treize

74 Soixante –quatorze

75 Soixante –quinze

76 Soixante –seize

77 Soixante-dix-sept

78 Soixante-dix-huit

79 Soixante-dix-neuf

80 Quatre-vingts

81 Quatre-vingt-un

82 Quatre-vingt-deux

83 Quatre-vingt-trois

84 Quatre-vingt-quatre

85 Quatre-vingt-cinq

86 Quatre-vingt-six

87 Quatre-vingt-sept

88 Quatre-vingt-huit

89 Quatre-vingt-neuf

90 Quatre-vingt-dix

91 Quatre-vingt-onze

92 Quatre-vingt-douze

93 Quatre-vingt-treize

94 Quatre-vingt-quatorze

95 Quatre-vingt-quinze

96 Quatre-vingt-seize

97 Quatre-vingt-dix-sept

98 Quatre-vingt-dix-huit

99 Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf

100 Cent

200= Deux Cents,300=Trois Cents ……..

1000= Mille , 1,000,000= Un million.

Ordinal Number in French

First Premier/ière

Second Deuxième

Third Troisième

Fourth Quatrième



Fifth Cinquième

Sixth Sixième

Seventh Septième

Eighth Huitième

Ninth Neuvième

Tenth Dixième

Eleventh Onzième

Twelfth Douzième

Thirteenth Treizième

Fourteenth Quatorzième

Fifteenth Quinzième

Sixteenth Seizième

Seventeenth Dix-septième

Eighteenth Dix-huitième

Nineteenth Dix-neuvième

Twentieth Vingtième

1.8 HOW TO TELL TIME IN FRENCH

Telling time in French is not very difficult, but it requires a little bit more thought

than telling time in English. By Knowing French numbers from 1-59, one can

tell time in terms of hours and minutes in French.

15, 30, 45: quinze, trente, quarante-cinq.

By Using French statement "Quelle heure est-il? " means "What time is

it?"one can ask for the time in French.

The answer will be "Il est______ heure," to tell the hour.

For example, two o'clock is "deux heures, and five o'clock is "cinq heures.

02.00-- Il est deux heures

03.00-- Il est trios heures

11.00-- Il est onze heures

16.00-- Il est seize heures

Add minutes after "heure." In French, the literal translation of 3:15 is "three

hours fifteen." Thus, to say 3:15 in French one would say, "il est trios heures

quinze." or "Il est trios heures et quart."

4:27 -- Il est quatre heures vingt-sept.

10:12 -- Il est dix heures douze.



19:30 -- Il est dix-neuf heures trente. (dix-neuf heures et demie)

12.00--Il est douze heures. (Il est midi)

00.00- Il est minuit. (Il est zéro heure.)

Shortand popular terms for common times. Half-hours or 30 minutes

("demie") and quarter hours or 15 minutesis denoted by words ("demie") and

("quart"), after "heure" along with "et" (the French word for "and"). Thus,one

can say 4:15O‘clock in French as, "il est quatre heures et quart."

Il est quatre heures et quart.



Il est deux heures et demie. ( Il est deux heures trente)

8.15-- Il est huit heures et quart. (Il est huit heures quinze)

8.30--Il est huit heures et demie. (Il est huit heures trente)

20.15--Il est vingt heures et quart. (Il est vingt heures quinze)

20.30--Il est vingt heures et demie. (Il est vingt heures trente)

Useof “moins" to denote the minutes until an hour. In English, we might say

6:45 as, "it is quarter-to seven," or 12:50 as, "10 'ten minuit less one." The French

do the same thing using the word "moins," which means "minus" in English. So,

to say 6:45, we might say, "Il est sept heures moins le quart.

7.45-- Il est huit heures moins le quart. (Il est sept heures quarante cinq.)

10.45--Il est onze heures moins le quart. (Il est dix heures quarante cinq.)

06.55--Il est sept heures moins cinq. (Il est six heures Cinquante cinq.)

Les Moments De La Journée (Moments of the Day)

Matin-Morning; Midi -Noon Aprés-midi- Afternoon

Soir- Evening Minuit-Midnight



1.9 FORMULES DE POLITESSE (BASIC GREETINGS)

Some of the basic greetings in French are listed below in box:

In French In English

Some Common Greetings

Salut Hi!

À plus tard See you later.

Bonjour! Good morning!

Bonsoir! Good evening!

Bonne nuit! Good night

S'il vous plaît Please (formal version)

S'il te plaît Please (informal version)

Comment ça va?Ou Ça va? How is it going? or How do you do?

Comment allez vous? How is it going? or How do you do?

Pardon! Excuse me!, sorry!

Enchanté or Enchantée Nice to meet you.

Très heureux! Pleasure!

Introducing yourself in French

Je m'appelle... I call myself..., or my name is...

Comment vous appelez-

vous?

How do you call yourself? Or

What is your name? (formal)

Comment tu t'appelles? How do you call yourself? Or

What is your name? (informal)

Expression of politeness in French

Merci! Thank you!

De rien Not at all! no problem!

Je vous en prie You are welcome (formal)

Excusez-moi! Excuse me.

Je suis désolé I am sorry.

Pardon! Excuse me! sorry!

Vous permettez? Do you mind?

Après vous! After you!

Saying goodbye in French

Au revoir! Bye!

À plus tard! See you later!

À tout à l'heure See you soon!, see you in a while!

À bientôt! See you soon!

À demain! See you tomorrow!

À tout de suite! See you in a second, See you in a little

while!

Bonne journée! Have a good day!

Bon courage! Good luck!

Bonne chance! Good luck!

Bonne route! Have a good journey! safe Journey!



Asking and answering some common questions in French

In French In English

Très bien, merci. Fine, thanks.

Ça va .Et vous? I am fine and what about you?

Je vais bien, merci. I am fine, thanks .

Assez bien. ok

Ça va . Et toi? I am fine and what about you?

Pas de probléme No problem. It is Okay.Do not worry.

Common words/statements

Où est la école? Where is the school?

Voila. There is.

Voici. Here is.

Qu‘est-ce que c‘est? What is this?

Je t‘aime. I love you.

Je ne sais pas. I do not know.

Parlez vous français? Do you speak French?

Non. No

Je ne comprands pas. I do not understand

Bonne vacance! Have a nice holiday!

Bon voyage! Have a nice trip/Journey!

Bon appétit! Have a good appetite!

Santé! Cheers!

Oui Yes

Non No

Un peu A little

Bon Well

Bien sûr Sure

D‘accord Agree

À propos By the way

Seasonal greetings

Joyeux noël!

Joyeux noëlà vous!

Merry Christmas!

Merry Christmas to you !

Bonne année! Happy New Year!

"Joyeuses fêtes!" "Season's Greetings!"

Bonnes Pâques! Happy Easter!

Bon anniversaire! Happy Birthday! or Happy

anniversary!

Joyeux anniversaire! Happy Birthday!



1.10 POIDS ET MESURES (WEIGHTS AND MEASURES)

English French

Gram Gramme

Kilogram Kilogramme

100kg Quintal

Miligram Milligramme

Ton Tonne

Kilometer Kilomètre

Meter Mètre

Decimeter Décimètre

Centimeter Centimètre

Milimeter Millimètre

Liter Litre

Gallan Hectolitre

Deciliter Décilitre

Centiliter Centilitre

Cubic feet Stère

Half kilo Demi kilo

Weight Poids

Size Taille

Kilometer square Kilomètrescarrè

Centimeter square Centimètrecarrè

Metre square Mètrecarrè

Centimeter cube Centimètre cube

Metre cube Mètre cube

To weight Peser

To calculate Calculer

To count Compter

To share Partager

A little Un peu

Few Peu de

Several Plusieurs

Enough Assez de

Half La moitié

Too much Trop de

A quarter Un quart

A third Un tiers

Numerous Nombreux

Innumerable Innombrable

Most La plupart

Less Moins de

More Plus

The whole Toute le

A lot Beaucoup



CHECK YOU PROGRESS – II

1.Les mots cachés. Retrouvez les noms de nombres. (Hidden words. Find the names

of numbers.)

D Q U A T R E D

I O N Z E S T E

X K C R Z E R U

H U I T É I E X

S N N R R Z N N

E E Q O O E T M

P U L I Z Y E L

T F Y S I X A B

2.Écrivez la prononciationdu Nombres.(Write the pronunciation of the followings

Numbers.)

a. 0

b. 6

c. 19

d. 20

e. 30

f. 60

g. 69

h. 80

i. 85

j. 90

k. 100

3.Tranduisez en français. (Translate in to French)

A. It is 10.30 hrs.

B. It is 12.00 hrs.

C. It is 01.15 hrs.

D. It is 03.45 hrs.

E. It is 06.50hrs.

F. It is 23.00 hrs.

G. It is 24.00 hrs.

H. It is 07.10 hrs.

4.Tranduisez en français. (Translate in to French)

a) How are you?

b) Excuse me

c) I am sorry.

d) How do you call yourself? (formal)

e) Happy to meet you!

f) Have a good day!

g) Happy Birthday!

h) Happy New Year!



1.11 GLOSSARY

PRONOMS SUJETS (SUBJECT PRONOUNS): Subject pronouns indicate who or

what is performing the action of a verb. They act as the subject of verbs. They may be

singular or plural, masculine or feminine to agree with the noun (subject) they

replace.In French different subject pronouns are determined by number and

person.Number is divided into ―singular‖ (one) and ―plural‖ (more than one).Person

includes ―first person‖ (the speaker), ―second person‖ (the listener), and ―third

person‖ (neither the speaker nor the listener).

LES VERBES (THE VERBS) :Verbs are action words that express the action or

state of being of a sentence. They are one of the key parts of speech. French verbs

have to be ―conjugated‖ or ―inflected‖. They are changed according to different

subjects in different forms. There are six different conjugations for each verb for each

tense and mood according to two numbers and three persons.The basic form of a verb

in French is called the infinitive and it is also the name of the verb.

LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS)-CARDINAL:A Cardinal Number is

a number that says how many of something there are, such as one, two, three, four,

five etc.

LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS): CARDINAL – ORDINAL:An Ordinal

Number is a number that tells the position of something in a list, such as 1st, 2nd,

3rd, 4th, 5th etc. Most ordinal numbers end in "th" except for: one ⇒ first (1st) in

English. But in French it normally ends with ‗ième‘ as listed below.

1.12 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED

READINGS

Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of

Cambridge: The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .

Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,

Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi



Catherine Lobo &SonaliJadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry

François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd.

Delhi.

Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,

Palgrave MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.

Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.

Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book

Centre,New Delhi.

Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris

Philippe Dominique, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans

Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE

INTERNATIONAL,Paris and f b c,,New Delhi.

Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel

Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &

Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.

Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave

MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.



Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.

Websites:

https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)

https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/

https://www.frenchtoday.com

https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

1.13 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Explain different accents of French.

2.Explain the PronomsSujets (Subject Pronouns) in French.Also explain the

difference between ‘Vous’ and ‘Tu’ and ‘Nous’ and ‘On’.

3. Explain Auxiliary Verb or Helping Verb in French.

4.Write down some Common Greetings in French.



UNIT: 02

CONJUGATION OF FIRST

GROUP OF VERBS

STRUCTURE:

2.1 Objectives

2.2 Conjugation of First Group of Verbs

2.3 Les Articles Definis Et Indéfinis (The Definite and Indefinite Articles)

2.4 Self Introduction and Introducing Others

2.5 Days of The Week; Months of The Year and Date

2.6 Nom Des Légumes En Français (Name of Vegetables in French)

2.7 Nom Des Fruitsen Français (Name of The Fruits In French)

2.8 Glossary

2.9 Answer To Check Your Progress



2.1. OBJECTIVE:


To learn the conjugations of first group of verbs in French.

To understand the definite and indefinite articles.

To know about Days of the week; Months of the year and Date in French

To know how to present and introduce self and another person.

2.2 CONJUGATION OF FIRST GROUP OF VERBS

As discussed in Unit-1, there are two types of a verb in French-Regular and Irregular

verbs. Verbs are grouped into three types ending with -er, -ir and -re.

The verbs in French ending with „er‟ (except aller),. are normally known as

regular first group of verbs and followed similar pattern of conjugation with

different subjects in simple present tense as given below:

While conjugating with subject Je- „er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Tu -„er‟ is replaced by „es‟;



While conjugating with subject Il or Elle or any third person singular subject -

„er‟ is replaced by „e‟;

While conjugating with subject Nous- „er‟ is replaced by „ons‟;

While conjugating with subject Vous -„er‟ is replaced by „ez‟;

While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „er‟

is replaced by „ent‟.

In order to conjugate a regular -er verb, in simple present tense the -er of the

infinitive is omitted to get the stem. Then the six present tense endings specific to

-er verbs: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent, according to the subject is added.

Some Common French Regular Verbs ending with -ER

Here is the list of some common regular verbs ending with -er. They all have the same

conjugation patterns as discussed above.

1) Accepter – to accept

2) Adorer- to adore

3) Aimer-To Love

4) Annuler – to cancel

5) Apporter – to bring

6) Arriver - to arrive

7) Attraper – to catch

8) Arretêr-to stop,/to turn off

9) Acheter-To purchase

10) Bavarder – to chat

11) Casser – to break

12) Commander – to order

13) Couper – to cut

14) Chanter - to sing

15) Changer-to change

16) Chercher - to look for/to

search

17) Commencer - to begin

18) Côuter – To cost

19) Dessiner – to draw

20) Désirer-To desire

21) Danser - to dance

22) Déjeuner-To take lunch

23) Dîner - To take Dinner

24) Demander - to ask for

25) Dépenser - to spend

(money)

26) Détester - to hate

27) Donner - to give

28) Écouter - to listen to

29) Emprunter – to borrow

30) Enlever – to remove

31) Exprimer – to express

32) Embrasser-To embrace

33) Étudier - to study

34) Fermer - to close

35) Fumer-To smoke

36) Gagner – to win, to earn

37) Garder – to keep

38) Goûter - to taste

https://www.thoughtco.com/danser-to-dance-1370055



39) Habiter – to live

40) Jouer - to play

41) Laver - to wash

42) Manger - to eat

43) Marcher-to walk

44) Nager - to swim

45) Parler - to talk, to speak

46) Payer/Paier-to pay

47) Peser-to weigh

48) Passer - to pass, spend

(time)

49) Porter - to wear, to carry

50) Préférer- to prefer

51) Présenter-to present

52) Prêter – to lend

53) Oublier – to forget

54) Ranger-To arrange

55) Rencontrer – to meet by

chance

56) Refuser – to refuse

57) Regarder-to watch

58) Rester – to stay, to remain

59) Rêver - to dream

60) Saluer – To Greet

61) Sauter – to jump

62) Skier - to ski

63) Téléphoner – to telephone

64) Tomber – to fall

65) Travailler - to work

66) Trouver - to find

67) Utiliser – To Use

68) Visiter – to visit a place

69) Voler - to fly, to steal

https://www.thoughtco.com/voler-to-fly-or-to-steal-1371020



i)Conjugation of regular French verb „Écouter-To hear‟ in simple

présent(present) tensewith different subjects:

ii)Conjugation of verb „Parler‟–„To speak‟ in present tense

Je parle- I speak

Tu parles- You speak

Il/Elle parle- He speaks/She speaks

On Parle- We speak

Nous parlons- We speak

Vous parlez- You speak

Ils/Elles parlent- They speak

iii)Conjugation of verb „Chanter‟–„To sing‟in present tense

Je chante – I sing

Tu chantes -You sing

Il/Elle chante -He/She sings

On chante - We sing

Nous chantons- We sing

Vous chantez- You sing

Ils/Elles chantant-They sing

iv)Conjugation of verb „Manger‟–„Toeat‟ in present tense

Sujet Pronom

(Subject

Pronoun)

Conjugation of regular French verb „Écouter-To hear/listen‟



Première

personne

(1st person)

I hear/listen

J‘écoute We hear/listen Nous écoutons

Deuxième

personne

(2nd person)

You hear/listen

Tu écoutes You hear/listen Vous écoutez

Troisième

personne

(3rd person)

He hears/listens Il écoute They

hear/listen

Ilsécoutent

She

hears/listens

Elle écoute They

hear/listen

Elles écoutent



Je mange -I eat

Tu manges - We eat

Il/Elle mange -He/She eats

On mange -We eat

Nous mangeons* -We eat

Vous mangez -You eat

Ils/Elles mangent -They eat

*Note- In the conjugation with subject Nous, ‗er‘ is replaced by ‗eons‘ instead

of ‗ons‘ for maintaining the pronunciation (J-O) instead of (G-O),as the

original pronunciation of infinitive form of verb is (M-A-N-J-E)

v)Conjugation of verb „Travailler’ -‘ to work‟in present tense

Je travaille -I work

Tu travailles -You work

Il/Elle travaille -He/She works

On Travaille -We work

Nous travaillons -We work

Vous travaillez -You work

Ils/Elles travaillent -They work

vi)Conjugation of verb „Commencer’ –„ to begin‟ in present tense

Je commence -I start/commence

Tu commences -You start/commence

Il/Elle commence -He/She starts/commences

On commence -We start/commence

Nous commençons* -We start/commence

Vous commencez -You start/commence

Ils/Elles commencent -They start/commence

*Note- In the conjugation with subject Nous,cédilleunder the letter c -i.e.( ç).

is used to give the ‗c‘ an ‗s‘ sound instead of ‗ k‘ sound for maintaining the



pronunciation (S-O) instead of (K-O),as the original pronunciation of infinitive

form of verb is (C-O-M-O-N-C-E)

vii)Conjugation of verb „Donner ’ –„ to give‟ in present tense

Je donne -I give

Tu donnes -You give

Il/Elle donne -He/She gives

On donne -We give

Nous donnons -We give

Vous donnez -You give

Ils/Elles donnent -They give

viii)Conjugation of verb „acheter ’ –„ to purchase‟ in present tense

J‘achète -I purchase

Tu achètes -You purchase

Il/Elle achète -He/She purchases

On achète -We purchase

Nous achetons -We purchase

Vous achetez -You purchase

Ils/Elles achètent -They purchase

ix)Conjugation of verb ‗Préférer ’ –‗ to prefer‟ in present tense

Je Préfère -I prefer

Tu Préfères -You prefer

Il/Elle Préfère -He/She prefers

On Préfère -We prefer

Nous Préférons -We prefer

Vous Préférez -You prefer

Ils/Elles Préfèrent -They prefer

FRENCH PRONOMINAL/REFLEXIVE VERB

―Pronominal‖ is an adjective and, it means with pronoun. Pronominal verbs have a

special pronoun before theverb: ―me, te, se, nous, vous, se‖ (in addition to the subject



pronoun ―je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles‖) .―Reflexive verb‖ is also an

alternative name for ―pronominal verbs‖.―Reflexive‖ is an adjective which means

―reflecting‖. It tells about the action on one self which means the action is carried out

on the person who is doing the action.

Reflexive verbs are always conjugated with the reflexive pronoun that agrees with

the subject:me(myself), te(yourself), se (himself, herself, itself), nous (ourselves) and

and vous (yourself, yourselves). These pronouns generally precede the base verb.

Example: ―Raser‖ (base verb) – to shave another person (someone else, not yourself)

―se raser‖ (corresponding pronominal verb) – to shave one self

―Appeler‖ (base verb) – to call another person (someone else, not yourself)

―S‘appeler‖ (corresponding pronominal verb) – to call one self

I call myself.

i)Conjugation of pronominal verb„se raser’ – „to shave oneself‟ in present tense

Je me rase -I shave myself

Tu te rases -You shave yourself

Il/ Elle serase -He/She shaves himself/herself

On se rase -We shave ourselves

Nous nousrasons - We shave ourselves

Vous vousrasez, - You shave yourself

Ils/Elles se rasent -They shave themselves.

ii )Conjugation of verb„S‟appeler’ –„ to call oneself‟ in present tense

Je m‘appelle -I call myself

Tu t'appelles -You call yourself

Il/ Elle s'appelle -He/She calls himself/herself

On s'appelle -We call ourselves

Nous nousappelons - We call ourselves

Vous vousappelez - You call yourself

Ils/Elles s'appellent -They call themselves.

―Reciprocal Verbs‖are subcategory of Pronominal/Reflexive verbs. The verb uses

a reflexive pronoun to show the action is reciprocal. It means ―done by both sides to

each other‖ or ―felt by both sides about each other‖.



For example: They love each other

We wake each other up at 8AM

List of French Reciprocal Verbs

1. to adore each other = s‘adorer

2. to love each other = s‘aimer

3. to call each other = s‘appeler

4. to fight each other = se battre

5. to understand each other = se comprendre

6. to know each other = se connaitre

7. to hate each other = se detester

8. to tell (things to) each other = se dire

9. to argue with each other = se disputer

10. to write to each other = s‘ecrire

11. to kiss each other = s‘embrasser

12. to talk to each other = se parler

13. to leave each other = se quitter

14. to look at each other = se regarder

15. to meet each other = se rencontrer

16. to find each other = se retrouver

17. to smile at each other = se sourire

18. to see each other = se voir

19. to call each other = se téléphoner

2.3 LES ARTICLES DEFINIS ET INDÉFINIS (THE

DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES)

One of the eight parts of speech, an article is a word that modifies a noun in a

particular way, by stating whether the noun is specific, unspecific, or partial. These

French articles are:le, la, les, l‘, au, à la, à l‘, aux un, une, des, du, de la and de l‘.

French articles agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, and they are

of three types:

A )Les Articles Définis (The definite articles)



The definite article indicates that the speaker is referring to either a

particular/specific noun or to a class of nouns in a general sense.

Characteristics of definite articles

1. Used with countable and uncountable nouns

2. Placed directly in front of a noun or an adjective + noun

3. Agree with the noun in number and sometimes gender

4. Contract with certain prepositions

The English definite article, the, has four equivalent forms in French, depending on

the gender and number of the noun as well as what letter it begins with.

There are three singular articles:

1. Masculine: le (The)

2. Feminine: la (The)

3. Contracted (in front of vowel or mute ‗h‘ both for masculine or feminine):

l‘(The)

There is only one plural definite article: les

Le is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a consonant. Example-

Le stylo- The Pen

Le cahier- The Notebook

Le garçon-The boy

La is used before a feminine singular noun beginning with a consonant. Example-

La cravate -The Tie

La femme –The Lady

La dame-The Lady

L‟ is used before a masculine or a feminine noun beginning with a French vowel. Ex-

L‘homme- The Man

L‘université-The University

L‘école- The School

L'ami- The Friend

Les is used before a masculine or a feminine noun which is the plural. Ex-

Les école- School

Les femmes- Ladies



Les hommes – Men

Les garçons-Boys

Les filles-Girls


Masculin (Masculine) le le livre the book

les

les livres the books

Féminin(Feminine) la la maison the house les maisons the houses

Avant( before)Vowel

or h mute

l‘

l‘

l‘actrice

l‘hôtel

the actress

the hotel

les actrices

les hôtels

the actresses

the hotels

When preceded by the prepositions ‗à‘ the definite articles le,la,l‘ and les become

-Au ( à+le)- Je parle bonjour au musicien( I say good morning to the musician)

-à la (to the)- Je parle bonjour à la musicienne (I say good morning to the lady

musician)

-à l‘, (to the)- Je parle bonjour à l‘étudiant( I say good morning to the student)

-aux(to the)-Je parle bonjour aux musiciens( I say good morning to the musicians)

Je parle bonjour aux étudiants ( I say good morning to the students)

B ) Les Articles Indéfinis (The Indefinite articles)

The indefinite article indicates that the speaker is referring to either an unspecific

noun or to one/ something. The English indefinite article has two forms, (a and an),

while the French has three, depending on the gender and number of the noun. They

are : Un, Une and Des. Un is used before masculine singular noun.

Examples-

Un livre- A book

Un Garçon- A boy

Une is used before a feminine singular noun.

Examples-

Une femme- A lady

Une table- A table

Des is used before amasculine&feminine plural noun.

Examples-



Des enfants- Some children

Des chaises -Some chairs

Des Garçon- Some boys

The English equivalent of des is some, which is not considered an article in English.

Singulier (Singular) Pluriel

(Plural)

Masculin

(Masculine)

un un

abricot

an

apricot

des livres some

books

Féminin

(Feminine)

une une

table

a table des tables some

tables

C)L‟articlePartitif (des, du, de la and de l‟)

The partitive article indicates that the speaker is referring to only a portion or some of

an uncountable noun, often food or drink. There are four forms in French, depending

on the gender and number of the noun as well as what letter it begins with.


Masculin

(Masculine)

du Du

beurre

some

butter

des des asperges some

asparagus

Féminin

( Feminine)

de la de la tarte some pie des épinards some

spinach

Avant( before

)Vowel or h

mute

de l‘ de

l‘argent

some

money

des pâtes some

pasta

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – I

1- Écrivez la conjugaison de verbessuivants au Present. (Write the conjugation of

following verbs in present tense.)

i. `Arriver

ii. Chanter

iii. Chercher

iv. Commencer

v. Danser

vi. Demander

vii. Dépenser

viii. Détester

ix. Donner

x. Écouter

xi. Étudier

xii. Se Laver

2-Choisissez (choose)-Le, la, l‘and les

i. .......................place

ii. .........................avenue



iii. .........................chanteur

iv. ...........................ami

v. .........................nom

vi. .........................prénom

vii. ........................secrétaire

viii. .......................musicien

ix. ........................livre

x. ........................chaise

3-Choisissez (choose)-Un, Une and Des

i. ................enfants

ii. ..............Maison

iii. ............chose

iv. ............cravate

v. ...........porte

vi. ...........amie

vii. ..........table

viii. ..........appartment

ix. ..........chaises

x. ..........garçons

2.4 SELF INTRODUCTION-

la description physique (Physical description)

la description physique (Physical description)

Adjectifs (Adjectives) Opposite Adjectifs (Adjectives)

Singulier

(Singular)

Pluriel

(Plural)

Singulier(Singular) Pluriel

(Plural)

Masculine Grand (Tall) Grands Petit (Short) Petits

Feminine Grande (Tall) Grandes Petite (Tall) Petites

Masculine Jeune

(Young)

Jeunes Vieux (old) Vieux

Feminine Jeune (Tall) Jeunes Vieille (old) Vieilles

Masculine Gros (Fat) Gros Mince (Thin) Minces

Feminine Grosse (Fat) Grosses Mince (Thin) Minces

Masculine Brun(brown) Bruns

Feminine Brune(brown) brunes

Masculine Blond (Fair) Blonds

Feminine Blonde (Fair) Blondes

Masculine Roux (Red) Roux



Feminine Rousse (Red) Rousses

la description psychologique (Psychological description)

la description psychologique (Psychological description)

Adjectifs (Adjectives) Opposite Adjectifs (Adjectives)

Singulier

(Singular)

Pluriel (Plural) Singulier(Singular) Pluriel

(Plural)

Masculine Gai/Souriant

(Happy/

Cheerful/

smiling)

Gais/Souriants Triste (sad,

mournful)

Tristes

Feminine Gaie/Souriante

(Happy/

Cheerful/

smiling)

Gaies/Souriantes Triste (sad,

mournful)

Tristes

Masculine Sympathique

(sympathetic)

Sympathiques Antipathique

(Unpleasant/

Unsympathetic)

Antipathiques

Feminine Sympathique

(sympathetic)

Sympathiques Antipathique

(Unpleasant/

Unsympathetic)

Antipathiques

Masculine Content

(Satisfied/

Happy)

Contents Mécontent

(unhappy

discontented)

Mécontents

Feminine Contente

(Satisfied/

Happy)

Contentes Mécontente

(unhappy

discontented)

Mécontentes

Masculine Gentil(kind,

courteous)

Gentils Méchant

(Unkind/ bad/

wicked.)

Méchants

Feminine Gentille(kind,

courteous)

Gentilles Méchante Méchantes

Épeler- To spell

Nom-Surname

Prénom- Name

Example -Maurya Abhishek

Nom-Maurya

Prénom-Abhishek

J‘éppelle Maurya - M, A,U,R,Y,A

i )Self Introduction:-



1)French -Je m'appelle Utkarsh Verma.

English –I call myself UtkarshVerma (My name is Utkarsh Verma).

2) French -Je suis né à Varanasi.

English -Iwas born in Varanasi.

3) French -J'habite à Varanasi.

English -I live in Varanasi.

4) French -J'ai 18 ans.

English -I am 18 years old

5) French -Je suis étudiant .

English -I am student.

6 )French -Je suis Indien.

English -I am Indian.

7) French -J'aime écouter la musique.

English -I like to listen music.

8) French -Je préfère le cinema.

English -I prefer cinema.

9 )French -J‘aime beaucoup le voyager.

English -I love very much traveling.

10) French-Je déteste l‘Opera.

English-I hate Opera.

11)French-J‘adore la montagne.

English-I love the mountain.

12) French-Je n‘aime pas du tout la discothéque.

English-I do not like the discothequeat all.

13) French - Je suis grand,jeune,gros et souriant garçon.

English - I am tall,young,fat and happy boy.

ii )Introduction ofsome other person:

1)French - Ils'appelle Manohar Das.

English –He call himself Manohar Das. (His name is Manohar Das).

2)French -Il est né à Lucknow.

English –He was born in Lucknow.

3)French –Il habite àAyodhya.



English -He lives inAyodhya.

4)French –Il a 50 ans.

English –He is 50 years old.

5)French –Il estprofesseur.

English –He isprofessor.

6)French -Ilest Indien.

English -He is Indian.

7)French –Il aime écouter de la musique.

English - He likes to listen to music.

8)French - Il préfère lethéàtre.

English –He prefers the theatre.

9)French –Il aime beaucoup le voyager.

English –He likes very much travelling.

10)French - Il déteste l‘opera.

English –He hates the opera.

11)French –Il adore la campagne.

English - He loves the countryside.

12)French –Il n‘aime pas du tout la discothéque.

English - He does not like the discothéque.

12)French – Il est petit, vieux, mince et sympathique homme.

English - He is small,old,thin and sympathetic man.

2.5 DAYS OF THE WEEK; MONTHS OF THE YEAR AND DATE

Les Jours de la Semaine (Days of the week)

Lundi-Monday.

Mardi- Tuesday.

Mercredi- Wednesday.

Jeudi- Thursday.

Vendredi- Friday.

Samedi- Saturday.

Dimanche- Sunday.

Les Mois de l‟année (Months of the Year )



Janvier = January

Février = February

Mars = March

Avril = April

Mai = May

Juin = June

Juillet = July

Août = August

Septembre = September

Octobre = October

Novembre = November

Décembre = December

Dates in French

Quelle est la date aujourd’hui? - What is the date today?

The above sentence or statement is normally used to ask someone the date in French .

The common way to answer the above questionis :

C‘est + le + number + month

For example: C‘est le quatorze Juillet.(It is 14th

July . )

This construction holds true for all of the days of the month exceptfor the first day .

To say the first day of the month the word ―premier‖ which means first is used .

For example: ―C‘est le premier Janvier―.-―It‘s 1stJanuary.‖

2.6 NOM DES LÉGUMES EN FRANÇAIS (NAME OF VEGETABLES IN FRENCH)

Nom des légumes en français (Name of Vegetables in French)

En français

(In French)

En anglais

(In English)

En français

(In French)

En anglais

(In English)

En français

(In French)

En anglais

(In

English)

le haricot

vert

French/green

bean la fève broad bean le petit pois garden pea

le maïs Corn la germe de

soja bean sprout le bambou Bamboo

l‘okra Okra l‘endive Chicory le fenouil Fennel

les cœurs de

palmier palm hearts la roquette rocket le cresson Watercress

le céleri Celery le chou de brussel sprout la bette swiss chard

http://www.frenchlearner.com/audio/cest.mp3

http://www.frenchlearner.com/audio/le.mp3



Bruxelles

le radicchio Radicchio le chou frisé Kale l‘oseille Sorrel

la chicorée Endive le chou

chinois pak-choi les épinards Spinach

le pissenlit Dandelion le chou Cabbage le brocoli Broccoli

la laitue Lettuce le chou

précoce

spring

greengs le chou-fleur Cauliflower

l‘artichaut artichoke le radis Radish l‘onion Onion

la pomme

de terre Potato le poivron Pepper le piment Chilli

le navet Turnip la courge Marrow la patatedouce sweet

potato

l‘igname Yam la bettrave Beetroot le rutabaga Swede

le

topinambour

Jerusalem

Artichoke le raifort Horseradish le panais Parsnip

le

gingembre Ginger l‘aurbergine

aubergine/egg

plant la tomate Tomato

la ciboule spring onion le poireau Leek l‘échalote Shallot

l‘ail Garli le

champignon Mushroom le truffle Truffle

le

concombre Cucumber la courgette Courgette

la

courgemusquée

butternut

squash

la courge

gland acorn squash la citrouille Pumpkin

la tomoate

cerise

cherry

tomato

la carotte Carrot le taro taro root le fruit de

l‘arbre à pain bread fruit

2.7 NOM DES FRUITSEN FRANÇAIS (NAME OF THE

FRUITS IN FRENCH)

Nom du fruit (Fruit‟s Name)

En anglaise (In

English)

En français (In

French)

Orange l'orange

Apple la pomme

Banana la banane

Blackberry la mûre

Blueberry la myrtille

Cherry la cerise



Coconut la noix de coco

Grape le raisin

Kiwi Fruit le kiwi

Mandarine la mandarine

Mango la mangue

Melon le melon

Nut la noisette

Peach la pêche

Pear la poire

Plum la prune

Pineapple l'ananas

Pomegranate la grenade

Raspberry la framboise

Strawberry la fraise

Tangerine la mandarine

Guava La Goyave

Ugli Fruit le tangelo

Watermelon le melon d'eau /

la pastèque

Artichoke l'artichaut

Avocado l'avocat

Lychee Le Litchi

CHECK YOU PROGRESS -II

1. Complétez-

Je m‘appelle.................., je suis..........................

Je ---------- .à Lucknow.

Lucky Singh

Secrétaire

PandeypurSonatalabLucknow



Elles‘appelle ...............

Elle est .............

Elle ......................à Varanasi.

Rachana Singh

Médecine

LankaVaranasi

2-Présentez- les (Introduce)

i. Jyoti Tiwari: Canadien-Journaliste-Montréal

ii. Tejas Verma: Japonais-Professeur-Tokyo

iii. Ayushi: Indienne-Secrétaire-Varanasi

iv. Yoko Ozawa: Allemend-Acteur-Stuttgart

v. Abhishek Legrand: Indien- Étudiant-Delhi

3- Écrivezles Jours de la Semaine dans le français. (Write the days of the week in

French)

4- Écrivezles Mois de l‘annéedans le français. (Write months of the year in French.)

2.8 GLOSSARY

FIRST GROUP OF VERBS :The verbs in French ending with ‗er‘ (except aller),.

are normally known as regular first group of verbs and followed similar pattern of

conjugation with different subjects in simple present tense.

PRONOMINAL VERBSor REFLEXIVE VERB : They have a special pronoun

before theverb: ―me, te, se, nous, vous, se‖ (in addition to the subject pronoun ―je, te,

il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles‖) . ―Reflexive verb‖ is also an alternative name for

―pronominal verbs‖. ―Reflexive‖ is an adjective which means ―reflecting‖. It tells

about the action on one self which means the action is carried out on the person who is

doing the action.



LES ARTICLES DÉFINIS (THE DEFINITE ARTICLES):The definite article

indicates that the speaker is referring to either a particular/specific noun or to a class

of nouns in a general sense. They are:Le,La,L‘,Les

LES ARTICLES INDÉFINIS (THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES) :The indefinite

article indicates that the speaker is referring to either an unspecific noun or to one/

something. The English indefinite article has two forms, (a and an), while the French

has three, depending on the gender and number of the noun. They are : Un, Une and

Des.

2.9 ANSWER TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check you Progress - 1

1.See 2.2

2.See 2.3

3.See 2.3


1.See 2.4

2.See 2.4

3.See 2.5

4.See 2.5

2.10 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED

READINGS







Delhi.








Centre,New Delhi.













Websites:






1-Présentez- Vous (Introduce Yourself)

2- Présentez- Votre voisinou votre voisine. (Introduce Your neighbour)

3-Écrivez le Nom de 10 légumes dans le français. (Write the Name of 10 vegetables

infrench.)

4-Écrivez le Nom de 10 fruits dans le français. (Write the Name of 10 fruits in

French)



UNIT: 03

CONJUGATION OF SECOND

GROUP OF VERBS

STRUCTURE:

3.1 Objectives

3.2 Nom Des Pays En Français Et Des Nationalités (Name Of The

Countries And The Nationalities In French)

3.3 Conjugation of Second Group Of Verbs

3.4 Adjectives of Place

3.5 Prepositions of Place

3.6 La Description D'un Endroit (Votre Ville / L'endroit Touristique)-

Describing A Place (Your City/ Tourist Place) -

3.7 Glossary

3.8. Answer To Check Your Progress



3.1 OBJECTIVE


To learn the conjugationsof second group of verbs in French.

To understand the Adjectives andPrepositions of place in French.

To know about name of the Name of the Countries and Nationalities in

French

To know how to describe a Place.

3.2 NOM DES PAYS EN FRANÇAIS ET DES NATIONALITÉS (NAME OF

THE COUNTRIES AND THE NATIONALITIES IN FRENCH)

Les Continents (The Continents)

There are the seven continents of the world.

Continent (in English) Continent (in French)

Africa Afrique

Antartica Antarctique

Asia Asie

Australia Australie

Europe Europe

North America Amérique du Nord

South America Amérique du Sud



NOM DES PAYS EN FRANÇAIS ET DES NATIONALITÉS (FRENCH NAME OF THE COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES)

CONTINENTS (CONTINENT)

NOM DU PAYS EN ANGLAIS (COUNTRIES NAME IN ENGLISH)

NOM DU PAYS EN FRANÇAIS (COUNTRY NAME IN FRENCH)

NATIONALITÉS EN ANGLAIS (NATIONALITIES IN ENGLISH)

MASCULINE FEMININE

Asia Afghanistan L'afghanistan (M) Afghan Afghan Afghane

Southeast Europe

Albania L'albanie (F) Albanians Albanais Albanaise

Northern Africa

Algeria L'algérie (F) Algerian Algérien Algérienne

Europe Andorra L'andorre (F) Andorran Andorran Andorrane

Africa Angola L'angola (M) Angolan Angolais Angolaise

North America

Antigua And Barbuda

L'antigua-Et-Barbuda (F)

Barbudans Barbade Barbudiens

South America

Argentina L'argentine (F) Argentinian Argentin Argentine

Western Asia

Armenia L'arménie (F) Armenian Arménien Arménienne

North America

The United States

Les États-Unis (M) American Américain Américaine

Australia/ Oceania

Australia L'australie (F) Australian Australien Australienne

Western Europe

Austria L'autriche (F) Austrian Autrichien Autrichienne

Europe/Asian

Azerbaijan L'azerbaïdjan (M)

Azerbaijani Azerbaïdjanais Azerbaïdjanaise

North America

Bahamas Les Bahamas (F) Bahamian Bahamien Bahamienne

Asia Bahrain Le Bahreïn Bahraini Bahreïni Bahreïni

Southern Asia

Bangladesh Le Bangladesh Bangladeshi Bangladesh Bangladesh

North America

Barbados La Barbade Barbadian Barbadien Barbadienne

Europe Belarus La Biélorussie Belarusian OrBelarusan

Biélorusse Biélorusse

Western Europe

Belgium La Belgique Belgian Belge Belge

Central America

Belize Le Belize (M) Belizean Bélizien Bélizienne

Africa Benin Le Bénin Beninese Béninois Béninoise

Asia Bhutan Le Bhoutan Bhutanese Bhoutanais Bhoutanaises

South America

Bolivia La Bolivie Bolivian Bolivien Bolivienne

Southeastern Europe

Bosnia La Bosnie-Herzégovine

Bosnian Bosnien Bosnienne

South-Africa

Botswana Le Botswana Botswanan Botswana Botswanaise



Central Eastern South America

Brazil Le Brésil Brazilian Brésilien Brésilienne

South-East Asia

Brunei Le Brunéi Bruneian Brunéien Brunéiennes

Southeastern Europe

Bulgaria La Bulgarie Bulgarian Bulgare Bulgare

West Africa

Burkina-Faso Le Burkina Burkinese Birman Birmane

South-Central Asia

Burma La Birmanie Burmese Briman Brimane

Africa Burundi Le Burundi Burundian Burundais Burundaise

South-East Asia

Cambodia Le Cambodge (M) Cambodian Cambodgien Cambodgienne

Africa Cameroon Le Cameroun Cameroonian Camerounais Camerounaise

North America

Canada Le Canada Canadian Canadien Canadienne

Africa Cape Verde Island

Le Cap-Vert Cape Verdean Capverdien Capverdienne

Africa Chad Le Tchad Chadian Tchadien Tchadienne

South America

Chile Le Chili Chilean Chilien Chilienne

Eastern Asia

China La Chine Chinese Chinois Chinoise

South America

Colombia La Colombie Colombian Colombien Colombienne

Central Africa

Congo Le Congo Congolese Congolais Congolaise

Central America

Costa Rica Le Costa Rica Costa Rican Costaricain Costaricaine

West Africa

Côte D'ivoire La Côte D'ivoire Ivorian Ivoirien Ivoirienne

Central Europe

Croatia La Croatie Croat Or Croatian

Croate Croate

North America

Cuba Cuba Cuban Cuban Cubane

Europe Cyprus Chypre (F) Cypriot Chypriote Chypriote

Central Europe

Czech Republic La RépubliqueTchèque

Czech Tchèque Tchèque

Northern Europe

Denmark Le Danemark Danish Danois Danoise

Africa Djibouti Le Djibouti Djiboutian Djiboutien Djiboutien

North America

Dominican Republic

La RépubliqueDominicaine

Dominican Dominicain Dominicain

South America

Ecuador L'équateur (M) Ecuadorean Équatorien Équatorienne

Western Europe

Holland ( Netherlands)

Les Pays-Bas Dutch Néerlandais Néerlandaise

Africa, Middle

Egypt L'égypte (F) Egyptian Égyptien Égyptienne



East

North America

El Salvador Le Salvador Salvadorean Salvadorien Salvadorien

Europe England L’angleterre (F) English Anglais Anglaise

Africa Eritrea L'érythrée (F) Eritrean Érythréen Érythréen

Europe Estonia L'estonie (F) Estonian Estonien Estonienne

Africa Ethiopia L'éthiopie (F) Ethiopian Éthiopien Éthiopienne

Oceania Fiji Les Fidji (F) Fijian Fidjien Fidjien

Northern Europe

Finland La Finlande Finnish Finlandais Finlandaise

Western Europe

France La France French Français Française

Oceania French Polynesia

La PolynésieFrançaise

Polynesian FrançaisPolynésien

FrançaisPolynésienne

Central Africa

Gabon Le Gabon Gabonese Gabonais Gabonaise

Africa Gambia La Gambie Gambian Gambien Gambienne

Europe/Asia

Georgia La Géorgie Georgian Géorgien Géorgienne

Western Europe

Germany L'Allemagne (F) German Allemand Allemande

Africa Ghana Le Ghana Ghanaian Ghanéen Ghanéenne

Southern Europe

Greece La Grèce Greek Grec Grecque

North America

Grenada La Grenade Grenadian Grenadien Grenadienne

North America

Guatemala Le Guatemala Guatemalan Guatémaltèque Guatémaltèque

Africa Guinea La Guinée Guyanese Guyanais Guyanaise

South America

Guyana La Guyana Guyanese Guyanes Guyanese

North America

Haiti Haïti Haitian Haïtien Haïtien

North America

Honduras Le Honduras Honduran Hondurien Hondurienne

Eastern Europe

Hungary La Hongrie Hungarian Hongrois Hongroise

Europe Iceland L'islande (F) Icelandic Islandais Islandaise

South-Central Asia

India L'inde (F) Indian Indien Indienne

Asia/Oceania

Indonesia L'indonésie (F) Indonesian Indonésien Indonésienne

Asia Iran L'iran (M) Iranian Iranien Iranienne

Asia Iraq L'irak (M) Iraqi Irakien Irakienne

Northern Europe

Ireland L'irlande (F) Irish Irlandais Irlandaise



Asia Israel

Israël (M) Israelis Israélien Israélienne

Southern Europe

Italy L'italie (F) Italian Italien Italienne

North America

Jamaica La Jamaïque Jamaican Jamaïquain Jamaïquaine

Eastern Asia

Japan Le Japon Japanese Japonais Japonaise

Asia Jordan La Jordanie Jordanian Jordanien Jordanienne

Asia Kazakhstan Le Kazakhstan Kazakh Kazakh Kazakh

Africa Kenya Le Kenya Kenyan Kényan Kényane

Oceania Kiribati Kiribati (F) Kiribati Kiribatien Kiribatienne

Asia Kuwait Le Koweït Kuwaiti Koweïtien Koweïtienne

Asia Kyrgyzstan Le Kirghizstan Kirghiz Kirghiz Kirghizes

Asia Laos Le Laos Laotian Laotien Laotienne

Europe Latvia La Lettonie Latvian Letton Lettonne

Asia Lebanon Le Liban Lebanese Libanais Libanaise

Africa Lesotho Le Lesotho Mosotho/ Basotho

Basotho Basotho

Africa Liberia Le Libéria Liberian Libérien Libérienne

Africa Libya La Libye Libyan Libyen Libyenne

Europe Lithuania La Lituanie Lithuanian Lituanien Lituanienne

Europe Luxembourg Le Luxembourg Luxembourger Luxembourgeois

Luxembourgeois

Europe Macedonia La Macédoine Macedonian Macédonien Macédoniene

Eastern Africa

Madagascar Madagascar (M) Madagascan Malgache Malgache

Africa Malawi Le Malawi Malawian Malawien Malawienne

Asia Malaysia La Malaisie Malaysian Malaisien Malaisienne

Asia Maldives Les Maldives (F) Maldivian Maldivien Maldivienne

Africa Mali Le Mali Malian Malien Malienne

Europe Malta Malte (F) Maltese Maltais Maltaise

West Africa

Mauritania La Mauritanie Mauritanian Mauritanien Mauritanienne

Eastern Africa

Mauritius Île Maurice (F) Mauritian Mauricien Mauricienne

North America

Mexico Le Mexique (M) Mexican Mexicain Mexicaine

Europe Moldavia La Moldavie Moldovan Moldave Moldave

Europe Monaco Monaco MonégasqueOr Monacan

Monaco Monaco

Asia Mongolia La Mongolie Mongolian Mongol Mongole



Europe Montenegro Le Monténégro Montenegrin Monténégrin Monténégrine

Northern Africa

Morocco Le Maroc Moroccan Marocain Marcoaine

Africa Mozambique Le Mozambique Mozambican Mozambicain Mozambicainne

Africa Namibia La Namibie Namibian Namibien Namibienne

Oceania Nauru La Nauru Nauruan Nauruan Nauruane

Asia Nepal Le Népal Nepalese Népalais Népalaise

Europe Netherlands Les Pays-Bas Dutch Hollandais Hollandaise

Oceania; Australia

New Zealand La Nouvelle-Zélande New Zealander Néo-Zélandais Néo-Zélandaise

North America

Nicaragua Le Nicaragua Nicaraguan Nicaraguayen Nicaraguayenne

Africa Niger Le Niger Nigerien Nigérian Nigérianne

West Africa

Nigeria Le Nigéria Nigerian Nigérian Nigériane

Asia North Korea La Corée Du Nord North Korean Nord-Coréen Nord-Coréenne

Northern Europe

Norway La Norvège Norwegian Norvégien Norvégienne

Asia Oman L'oman (M) Omani Omanais

Omanaise

South-Central Asia

Pakistan Le Pakistan Pakistani Pakistanais Pakistanaise

North America

Panama Le Panama Panamanian Panaméen Panaméenne

Oceania Papua New Guinea

La Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée

Papua New Guinean Or Guinean

Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée

Papouans-Néo-Guinéens,

South America

Paraguay Le Paraguay Paraguayan Paraguayen Paraguayenne

South America

Peru Le Pérou Peruvian Péruvien Péruvienne

Asia Philippines Les Philippines (F) Philippine Philippines Philippines

Eastern Europe

Poland La Pologne Polish Polonaise Polonaise

Southern Europe

Portugal Le Portugal Portuguese Portugais Portugaise

Asia Qatar Le Qatar Qatari Qatari Qatarienne

Europe Romania La Roumanie Romanian Roumain Roumaine

Eastern Europe - Northern Asia

Russia La Russie Russian Russe Russe

Africa Rwanda Le Rwanda Rwandan Rwandais Rwandaise

Asia Saudi Arabia L'arabieSaoudite (F) Saudi Arabian Saoudien Saoudienne

https://dictionary.reverso.net/french-english/Omanais






Europe Scotland L'écosse (F) Scottish Écossais Écossaise

West Africa

Senegal Le Sénégal Senegalese Sénégalais Sénégalaise

Europe Serbia La Serbie Serb Or Serbian

Serbe Serbe

Africa Seychelles Les Seychelles (F) Seychellois Les Seychelles Les Seychelles

Africa Sierra Leone La Sierra Leone Sierra Leonian Sierra Léonais Sierra Léonais

Europe Slovakia La Slovaquie Slovak Slovaque Slovaque

Europe Slovenia La Slovénie Slovene Or Slovenian

Slovène Slovène

Africa Somalia La Somalie Somali Somalien Somalienne

Southern Africa

South Africa L’afrique Du Sud (F) South African Sud-Africain Sud-Africaine

Asia South Korea La Corée Du Sud South Korean Coréen Du Sud Coréen Du Sud

Southern Europe

Spain L'espagne (F) Spanish Espagnol Espagnole

South-Central Asia

Sri Lanka Le Sri Lanka Sri-Lankan Srilankais Srilankaise

Africa Sudan Le Soudan Sudanese Soudanais Soudanaise

South America

Surinam Le Surinam Surinamese Surinamais Surinamienne

Africa Swaziland Le Swaziland Swazi Swaziland Swaziland

Northern Europe

Sweden La Suède Swedish Suédois Suédoise

Western Europe

Switzerland La Suisse Swiss Suisse Suisse

Asia Syria La Syrie Syrian Syrien Syrienne

Asia Tajikistan Le Tadjikistan Tajik Or Tadjik Tadjik Tadjik

Africa Tanzania La Tanzanie Tanzanian Tanzanien Tanzanienne

Asia Thailand La Thaïlande Thai Thaïlandais Thaïlandaise

Africa Togo Le Togo Togolese Togolaise

South America

Trinidad And Tobago

La Trinité-Et-Tobago Trinidadian Tobagan Tobagonian

Toboggan Toboggan

Northern Africa

Tunisia La Tunisie Tunisian Tunisien Tunisienne

Southeastern Europe,

Turkey La Turquie Turkish Turc Turque



CHECK YOU PROGRESS – I

1- Write the name and nationality of the following countries in French-

a) India

b) Srilanka

Western Asia

Asia Turkmenistan Le Turkménistan Turkmen Or Turkoman

Turkmène Turkmène

Oceania Tuvalu Le Tuvalu Tuvaluan Taliban Talibane

Africa Uganda L'ouganda (M) Ugandan Ougandais Ougandaise

Europe Ukraine L'ukraine (F) Ukrainian Ukrainien Ukrainienne

Asia United Arab Emirates

Les ÉmiratsArabesUnis (M)

Emirati Émirati Émirati

Europe United Kingdom Le Royaume-Uni British Britanique Britanique

South America

Uruguay L'uruguay (M) Uruguayan Uruguayen Uruguayenne

Asia Uzbekistan L'ouzbékistan (M) Uzbek Ouzbek Ouzbèke

Oceania Vanuatu Le Vanuatu Vanuatuan Vanuatais Vanuataise

Europe Vatican Le Vatican Citizen Of The Holy See

Citoyen Du Saint-Siège

Citoyen Du Saint-Siège

South America

Venezuela Le Venezuela Venezuelan Vénézuélien Vénézuélienne

Asia Vietnam Le Viêt-Nam Vietnamese Vietnamien Vietnamienne

Europe Wales Le Pays De Galles Welsh Gallois Galloise

Oceania Western Samoa Les Samoa Occidentales

Western Samoan

Oust- Occidental

Oust- Occidentale

Asia Yemen Le Yémen Yemeni Yéménite Yéménite

Europe Yugoslavia La Yougoslavie Yugoslav Yougoslave Yougoslave

Central Africa

Zaire (Congo) Le Zaïre (M) Zairean Zaïrois Zaïroise

Eastern Africa

Zambia La Zambie Zambian Zambien Zambienne

Eastern Africa

Zimbabwe Le Zimbabwe (M) Zimbabwean Zimbabwéen Zimbabwéenne



c) Australia

d) Germany

e) Spain

f) U.S.A

g) Japan

h) Russia

i) France

j) Italy

k) United states

COUNTRY AND LANGUAGES

3.3 CONJUGATION OF SECOND GROUP OF VERBS

Different kinds of verbs in French include: regular verb ending with-er, -ir, -re, stem-

changing, and irregular. For conjugating regular verbs for each of the first three kinds

Country Name Language(s)

Algeria l'arabe, le français

Australia l'anglais

Belgium le flamand, le français

Brazil le portugais

Canada le français, l'anglais

China le chinois

Egypt l'arabe

England l'anglais

France le français

Germany l'allemand

India l'hindi (plus many others)

Ireland l'anglais, l'irlandais

Italy l'italien

Japan le japonais

Mexico l'espagnol

Morocco l'arabe, le français

Netherlands le néerlandais

Poland le polonais

Portugal le portugais

Russia le russe

Senegal le français

Spain l'espagnol

Switzerland l'allemand, le français, l'italien

United States l'anglais

https://0.tqn.com/z/g/french/library/media/wavs/arabe.wav

https://0.tqn.com/z/g/french/library/media/wavs/anglais.wav

https://0.tqn.com/z/g/french/library/media/wavs/flamand.wav

https://0.tqn.com/z/g/french/library/media/wavs/hindi.wav



of verbs, we have to learn some rules of conjugation of regular verbs in each of those

categories.

French verbs are conventionally divided into following three groups for the purpose of

conjugations:

A )First Group:all regular verbs in infinitive form ending with -er (except aller).

B )Second Group: Some regular Verbs with infinitives ending in -ir form a second

group of regular verbs in French .

C )Third Group: It includes all the irregular verbs. It can be divided into following

main sub-category:

1. verbs ending with -IR (like MOURIR,VENIR);

2. verbs ending with -OIR (like RECEVOIR);

3. verbs ending with -RE (like RENDRE:);

4. ALLER even if it is terminated by -ER

Regular verbswith infinitives ending in -ir form thesecond group of regular verbs in

Frenchand it is the second-largest category of French verbs. These verbs are also

referred to as 'second conjugation' verbs.The French verb with the infinitive ending

removed is called the stem or radical.

In order to conjugate a regular -irverb, in simple present tense ‗-ir‟ of the infinitive

is omitted to get the stem. Then the stem /six present tense endings are added with: -

is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent according to the subject . The singular and plural

forms of the third person are clearly distinguishable (finit vs.finissent). These verbs

always use a double radical. One for the singular and the second one for plural

persons: fin-is; finiss-ons).

While conjugating with subject Je- „ir‟ is replaced by „is‟;

While conjugating with subject Tu -„ir‟ is replaced by „is‟;

While conjugating with subject ‗Il‘ or ‗Elle‘ or ‗On‘ or any third person singular

subject - „ir‟ is replaced by „it‟;

While conjugating with subject Nous- „ir‟ is replaced by „issons‟;

While conjugating with subject Vous -„ir‟ is replaced by „issez‟;

While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „ir‟ is

replaced by „issent‟.

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Finir‟ –„To finish‟ in present tense

Je finis - I finish

Tu finis - You finish



Il/Elle finit - He finishes/She finishes

On finit -We finish

Nous finissons - We finish

Vous finissez - You finish

Ils/Elles finissent - They finish

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Choisir‟-„To Choose‟ in present

tense

Je choisis - I choose

Tu choisis - You choose

Il/Elle choisit - He chooses/She chooses

On choisit -We choose

Nous choisissons - We choose

Vous choisissez - You choose

Ils/Elles choisissent - They choose

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Réussir‟-„To succeed‟ in present

tense

Je réussis - I succeed

Tu réussis - You succeed

Il/Elle réussit - He succeeds/She succeeds

On réussit -We succeed

Nous réussissons - We succeed

Vous réussissez - You succeed

Ils/Elles réussissent - They succeed

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Agir‟– „To act‟ in present tense

Je agis - I act

Tu agis - You act

Il/Elle agit - He/ She acts

On agit -We act

Nous agissons - We act

Vous agissez -You act

Ils/ Elles agissent –They act

List of some common regular verbs ending with „-ir‟.

Abolir – to abolish

Acceuillir – to welcome

Accomplir – to accomplish

Avertir – to warn

Bâtir – to build

Bénir – to bless

Embellir – to make beautiful

Établir– to establish

Finir – to finish

Grandir – to grow up



Grossir – to gain weight

Investir – to invest

Maigrir,- to lose weight

Mincir,- to get slimmer

Nourrir – to feed

Obéir – to obey

Punir – to punish

Réfléchir,- to think, reflect

Ralentir – to slow down

Réagir, -to react

Remplir – to fill

Réunir – to reunite

Rougir – to blush

Saisir – to seize

Vieillir – to grow old

Irregular "-ir" Verbs

Above mentioned French -ir verbs are regular verbs, which follow the previously

discussed rules for conjugation. But there are a number of irregular -ir verbs in French

and they fall into three groups.

I )The first group of irregular -ir verbs is essentially conjugated like the

verb partir ("to leave"). This group includes such verbs as:

Consentir - to consent

Départir - to accord

Dormir - to sleep

Endormir- to put/send to sleep

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Dormir‟ (To sleep) in present

tense

Je dors ( I sleep)

Tu dors ( You sleep )

Il dort ( He sleeps)

Elle dort ( She sleeps )

On dort ( We sleep)



Nous dormons( We sleep )

Vous dormez ( You sleep )

Ils dorment ( They sleep )

Elles dorment ( They sleep )

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Sortir‟ ( To go out ) in present

tense

Je sors( I go out )

Tu sors ( You go out )

Il sort ( He goes out )

Elle sort ( She goes out )

On sort ( We go out )

Nous sortons ( We go out )

Vous sortez ( You go out )

Ils sortent( They go out )

Elles sortent ( They go out )

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Partir‟ ( To leave ) in present

tense

Je pars( Ileave)

Tu pars ( You leave)

Il part ( Heleaves)

Elle part ( She leaves )

On part ( Weleave )

Nous partons ( Weleave )

Vous partez ( Youleave )

Ils partent( Theyleave )

Elles partent ( Theyleave )

The second group consists of verbs that end in -llir, -frir, or, -vrir, and almost all are

conjugated like regular -er verbs. Examples of these verbs include:

Couvrir - to cover

Cueillir - to pick

Découvrir- to discover

Entrouvrir - to half-open

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Ouvrir‟ ( To open ) in present

tense

J'ouvre,( Iopen)

Tu ouvres( You open)

Il ouvre( He opens)

Elle ouvre( She opens )

On ouvre( We open )

Nous Ouvrons,( We open )

Vous ouvrez( You open)

Ils Ouvrent( They open)



Elles Ouvrent( They open )

In the third group, verbs such as tenir ("to hold") and venir ("to come") and their

derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The remaining

irregular -ir verbs don't follow a pattern. One has to memorize the conjugations for

each of the verbs separately. Some of the verbs are:

Acquérir - to acquire

Asseoir - to sit

Avoir - to have

Conquérir - to conquer

Courir- to run

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Courir‟ ( To run ) in present

tense

Je cours( I run)

Tu cours( You run)

Il court ( He runs)

Elle court ( She runs )

On court ( We run )

Nous courons, ( We run )

Vous courez( You run )

Ils Courent( They run )/Elles Courent ( They run )

3.4 ADJECTIVES OF PLACE-

Followings adjectives are used before the nouns.

Adjective

Meaning

Affreux, -euse awful, terrible

Autre other

Beau (belle) good-looking, beautiful

Bon (bonne)

good

Bref (brève) brief

Excellent(e) excellent

Grand (e) large

Haut(e) high, tall

Pretty

pretty

Mauvais(e) bad, wrong

Méchant (e ) Naughty

Même(s) same

Nouveau (nouvelle) new

Petit(e) small

Plusieurs ... several ...

Premier, second, avant- (Ordinal numbers)



dernier, dernier, troisième, quatrième etc

Vieux (vieille) old

Examples are:-

Il est bon garçon.

He is a Handsomeboy.

Elle est belle fille.

She is a beautiful girl

Il y a une haute colline derrière la forêt.

There is a tall hill behind the forest

Il a une grande jardin.

He has a large garden

The following adjectives havethe different meanings before and after the noun-

Adjective Meaning before the noun Meaning after the noun

Ancien/Ancienne former, ex- old, ancient

Brave fine, amiable brave, courageous

Certain certain (in sense of

'particular')

sure, certain

Cher dear, true expensive

Curieux/curieuse strange inquisitive

Fameux famous, infamous top-notch, first-rate

Gros big fat

Jeune

Young, younger

not old

Pauvre poor poor

Propre own clean

Pure pure, simple, plain pure, unaltered

Rare rare, precious Rare, infrequent

Seul/Seule

only, sole

lonely

Terrible terrible, awful great

Vrai real, serious real, true

Example-

Une ancienneécole (School which exists no more).

Une chaise ancienne(old chair).

Un seulfils (only son)

Une femme seule( A woman who is not accompanied)



Une chaise rare (valuable chair)

Desrares chaises (rare)

3.5 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

One of the eight French parts of speech, prepositions are the essential words which are

placed after a verb, noun or adjective in order to indicate a relationship between that

word and the noun or pronoun that follows. Many French prepositions have more than

one English equivalent, depending on how they are used – and vice versa. Some

common French prepositions and their English meaning are given below.

Par exemple(For Example) Il est dans la rue, devant la maison.(He is inside the

street,in front of house ).

French prepositions English meaning

à to, at, in à côté de Beside,By the side

après after

avant before

avec with

chez at the home/office of,among

Contre against, versus

dans in

de from, of, about

depuis since, for

derrière in back of,behind

devant in front of

durant during, while

en in, to

entre between

envers toward

environ approximately,around

jusque until, up to

malgré despite

par by, through

parmi among

pendant during

pour for

sans without

sauf except

selon according to

sous under

suivant according to

sur On, Over, above

vers toward, near



Some basic rules to use preposition before the place, or going to a place in French are

given below.

Preposition “en” and “au” are used before the name of country. ―en‖ is used before

the country whose gender is feminine and ―au‖ is used before the country whose

gender is masculine. ―aux‖is used before the country whose name is plural. But

preposition ‗à ‟is used before a town or city .Meaning of ―en‖ and ―au‖ is ‗in‘ and that

of ‗ à ‘ and ‗de‘ are ‗in‘ or ‗at‘ and ‗from‘ respectively. Country name ending with ―E‖

is (feminine) and Country name not ending with ―E‖ is normally masculine. Some

exceptions are there like country Mexique ,although ending with ―E‖ ,but it is

masculine.

Someexamples are:

J‘habiteenInde.(I live in India).

J‘habiteauJapon.(I live in Japan).

Nous habitonsauMexique.(We live in Mexico).

Nous habitonsaux États-Unis. (We live in United States of America).

Il habiteàParis.(He lives in Paris)

Je vais àParis.(I go to Paris)

Je viens de Paris.( I come from Paris.)

Il vient de Tokyo..( He comes from Tokyo.)

Preposition ‗à‘ is used when we describe going to a place and for coming from

a place preposition―de‖ is used as explained above.

Preposition used with other places

Aller

Rester

À l‘école

À l‘ opéra

À l‘ église

À l‘ université

Au collége

Au café

Au musée

Au marché

Au bistrot

Au cinéma

Au super marché

Au theatre

Au zoo

Au tabac

Au restaurant

Au magasin

À la cafétéria

À la banque

À la plage

À la mer

À la piscine

À la poste



3.6 LA DESCRIPTION D'UN ENDROIT (VOTRE VILLE

/ L'ENDROIT TOURISTIQUE)-DESCRIBING A PLACE

(YOUR CITY/ TOURIST PLACE) -

A) Description of Delhi (In English)

National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India. It is

the capital of India. It is one of the fastest growing cities in India. It is situated in the

north of India, on the bank of river Yamuna.It is bordered by Haryana on three sides

and by Uttar Pradesh in the east. The area of National Capital Territory of

Delhi (NCT), is 1,484 square kilometres. Population of Delhi is 20 million.

New Delhi was built by a British architect Edward Lutyens in 1912. The Parliament

House and Supreme Court of India are located in Delhi. The president, prime minister

and all other ministers of India stay in Delhi. There are lot of historical places like,

Qutab Minar, JantarMantar, Red Fort in Delhi. The Indira Gandhi International

Airport is also located in Delhi. People of different communities stays in Delhi. Delhi

is well known for its spicy and tasty food. The main language spoken in Delhi is

Hindi.

La description de Delhi (En languefrançaise):

Territoire de la capitale nationale de Delhi (NCT), est une ville et un territoire de

l'union d‘Inde. Il est la capitale de l'Inde. C'est l'une des villes dont la croissance est la

plus rapide en Inde. Il est situé dans le nord d'Inde, sur la rive de la rivière Yamuna. Il

est bordé par l'Haryana sur trois côtés et par l'Uttar Pradesh à l'est. La superficie du

territoire de la capitale nationale de Delhi (NCT) est de 1 484 kilomètres carrés. La

population de Delhi est de 20 millions. New Delhi a été construite par un architecte

britannique Edward Lutyens en 1912. Le Parlement et la Coursuprême de l'Inde se

trouvent à Delhi. Le président, le premier ministre et tous les autresministresrestent à

Delhi. Il ya beaucoup de lieuxhistoriquescomme, Qutab Minar, Jantar Mantar ,Red

Fort et etc à Delhi.. L'aéroport international Indira Gandhi est aussisitué à Delhi.Des

gens de différentescommunautésrestent à Delhi. Delhi est bien connu pour sesépicé et

plats savoureux.. La langue principaleparlée à Delhi est le Hindi.

B)Description of Mumbai (In English)

Mumbai is a natural harbour on the west coast of India. It is the capital of

Maharashtra. It is India's most populous city. The population of Mumbai is 24

Million. It is the commercial capital of India. It is also the wealthiest city in India. It is

a beautiful, vibrant and cosmopolitan city. It is a city of seven islands. It is the city of

dreams. There are many monuments here. Gate way of India is a famous monument of

Mumbai. Elephanta Caves is a popular tourist attraction in Mumbai. It is full of hotels,

museums and tourist places. There are also beautiful gardens. Juhu and Chowpatty are



the two famous beach of Mumbai. All people visit the beach especially in summer. It

is also known as film city. I love the city of Mumbai.

La description de Mumbai (En languefrançaise):

Mumbaiest un port naturel situé sur la côte ouest de l‘Inde. C‘est la capitale de

Maharashtra. C'est la ville la plus peuplée de l'Inde.La population de Mumbai est de

24 millions d‘habitants.C‘est lacapitalecommerciale de l'Inde. C'est aussi la ville la

plus riched'Inde. C'est une ville belle, vivante et cosmopolite. C'est une ville de sept

îles. Elle est la ville de rêves. Il y a beaucoup de monuments ici. Gate way of India

est un monument célèbre de Mumbai.Elephanta Caves est une attraction touristique

populaire. Elle est pleined'hôtels, de musées et d'endroitstouristiques. Il y aaussi de

beaux jardins. Juhu et Chowpatty sont les deux célèbres plages deMumbai.Tous les

gens visitent la plage surtout en été.C‘est ce qu'on appelle la ville du film.J'aime

beaucoup la ville de Mumbai.


1- Write the conjugation of followings verbs in present tense: -

a) Choisir‘

b) ‗Dormir‘

c) Remplir

d) Réunir

e) Réussir

f) Rougir

g) Ouvrir

h) Vieillir

2-Fill in the blanks with –à, au, à la, en, chez

I. Je vais ---Inde, --- Delhi, ---- des amis.

II. Il va -----concert, ---- opera.

III. Je vias-------le dentist.

IV. J‘habite-----Japon

3- Fill in the blank with the given adjective and prepositions (beau,Souriante,

grande,grand méchante,dans,devant) in the following sentences-

a) Il est ------garcon.

b) Elle est ------ fille.



c) Elle est ------femme.

d) Rakesh est -------homme.

e) Shalini est ---------.

f) Il est --------- la rue,

g) Je suis -------- la maison

3.7 GLOSSARY

Second Group of Regular Verbs: Regular verbswith infinitives ending in -ir form

thesecond group of regular verbs in Frenchand it is the second-largest category of

French verbs. These verbs are also referred to as 'second conjugation' verbs.

Prepositionsof Place: One of the eight French parts of speech, prepositions are the

essential words which are placed after a verb, noun or adjective in order to indicate a

relationship between that word and the noun or pronoun that follows. Many French

prepositions have more than one English equivalent, depending on how they are used

– and vice versa.



1.See 3.2


1.See 3.3

2.See 3.4 and 3.5

3.See 3.4 and 3.5

3.9 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED READINGS







Delhi.








Centre,New Delhi.













Websites:






1.Describe a place in French.

2.Explain thesecond group of verbs of French.



UNIT: 04

VOCABULARY

STRUCTURE:

4.1 Objectives

4.2 Conjugation of Irregular Verbs in Present Tense.

4.3 Vocabulaire: Décrire Une Famille (Vocabulary: Describing A Family)

4.4 Name of Dairy Products and Cereals In French

4.5 Negation

4.6 Adjectifs Démonstratifs (Demonstrative Adjectives)

4.7 Simple Translation

4.8 (Oral)

4.9 Glossary

4.10 Answer to Check Your Progress



4.1 OBJECTIVE


To learn the conjugations of irregular verbs in French.

To understand the Demonstrative Adjectives and how to make negation in

French.

To know about name of the family relation and how to describe a family.

To know the name of dairy products and cereals in French.

To learn some simple translation and oral conversation in different situation.

4.2 CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS IN PRESENT TENSE

They are the third group of verbs and it includes all the irregular verbs. It can be

divided into following main sub-category:

1. verbs ending with -IR (like MOURIR,VENIR,TENIR);

2. verbs ending with -OIR (like RECEVOIR);

3. verbs ending with -RE (like RENDRE:);

4. ALLER even if it is terminated by -ER



In the third group, verbs such as tenir ("to hold") and venir ("to come") and their

derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The remaining

irregular -ir verbs don't follow a pattern. Similarly, some verbs ending with -oir and -

re and their derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The

remaining irregular verbs ending with -ir ,-oir and -re ,don't follow a pattern. One has

to memorize the conjugations for each of the verbs separately. Conjugations of

various types of irregular verbs are given below:

1) Conjugation of irregular verb „Aller‟ (Togo)in present tense

Je vais ( I go )

Tu vas (You go )

Il va (He goes )

Elle va (She goes )

On va (We go )

Nous allons (We go )

Vous allez ( You go )

Ils vont ( They go )( Masculine)

Elles vont ( They go ) (Feminine)

2 )(a)Conjugation of irregular verb ‗Venir‘ ( To come ) in present tense

Je viens ( I come )

Tu viens ( You come )

Il vient ( He comes )

Elle vient ( She comes )

On vient ( We come )

Nous venons ( We come )

Vous venez ( You come )

Ils viennent ( They come )

Elles viennent (They come )

(b)Conjugation of irregular verb „Tenir‟ (To hold ) in present tense

Je tiens ( Ihold)

Tu tiens ( You hold )

Il tient ( He holds )

Elle tient ( She holds )

On tient ( We hold)

Nous tenons ( We hold)

Vous tenez ( You hold )

Ils tiennent ( They hold )

Elles viennent ( They hold )

3 )(a)Conjugation of irregular verb „Lire‟ ( To read ) in present tense

Je lis ( I read )



Tu lis (You read )

Il lit (He reads )

Elle lit ( She reads )

On lit (We read )

Nous lisons (We read )

Vous lisez ( You read )

Ils lisent ( They read )

Elles lisent (They read )

(b )Conjugation of irregular verb „Dire‟ ( To say ) in present tense

Je dis ( I say )

Tu dis ( you say )

Il dit ( he says )

Elle dit ( she says )

On dit ( we say )

Nous disons ( we say )

Vous dites ( you say )

Ils disent ( They say )

Elles disent They say )

(c )Conjugation of irregular verb „Interdire‟ (To prohibit)in present tense

J' interdis ( I prohibit )

Tu interdis ( You prohibit )

Il interdit ( He prohibits )

EIle interdit ( She prohibits )

On interdit ( We prohibit )

Nous interdisons ( We prohibit )

Vous interdites( You prohibit )

Ils interdisent ( They prohibit )

Elles interdisent ( they prohibit )

(d )Conjugation of irregular verb „Rire‟ ( To laugh )in present tense

Je ris ( I laugh )

Tu ris ( You laugh )

Il rit ( He laughs )

Elle rit (She laughs )

On rions ( We laugh )

Nous ions ( We laugh )

Vous iez ( You laugh )



Ils rient (They laugh )

Elles rient ( They laugh )

(e )Conjugation of irregular verb„Vivre‟ ( To live )in present tense

Je vis ( I live )

Tu vis ( You live )

Il vit (He lives )

Elle vit ( She lives)

On vit ( We live )

Nous vivons ( We live )

Vous vivez ( You live )

Ils vivent ( They live )

Elles vivent ( They live )

4)(a) Conjugation of irregular verb“Prendre” (Totake) in present tense

Je prends ( I take )

Tu prends (You take )

Il prend (He takes )

Elle prend (She takes )

On prend (We take )

Nous prenons (We take )

Vous prenez (You take )

Ils Prennent ( They take )

Elles Prennent ( They take )

(b) Conjugation of irregular verb“Apprendre” ( To learn )in present tense

J'apprends ( I learn)

Tu apprends ( You learn)

Il apprend ( He learns)

Elle apprend ( She learns)

On apprend ( We learn)

Nous apprenons ( We learn)

Vous apprenez ( You learn)

Ils apprennent (They learn)

Elles apprennent (They learn)



(c) Conjugation of irregular verb“Comprendre”(To understand )in present tense

Je comprends ( I understand )

Tu comprends (You understand )

Il comprend (He understands )

Elle comprend (She understands )

On comprend ( We understand )

Nous comprenons ( We understand )

Vous comprenez ( You understand )

Ils comprennent ( They understand )

Elles comprennent ( They understand )

(d)Conjugation of irregular verb“Attendre”( To expect )in present tense

J' attends ( I expect )

Tu attends (You expect )

Il attend (He expects )

Elle attend ( She expects)

On attend ( We expect )

Nous attendons ( We expect )

Vous attendez (You expect )

Ils attendent ( They expect )

Elles attendent ( They expect )

(e)Conjugation of irregular verb“Vendre”( To sell )in present tense

Je vends ( I sell )

Tu vends ( You sell )

Il vend (He sells )

Elle vend ( She sells )

On vend ( We sell )

Nous vendons ( We sell )

Vous vendez ( You sell )

Ils vendent ( They sell )

Elles vendent ( They sell )



(f)Conjugation of irregular verb“Mettre”( To put )in present tense

Je mets ( I put )

Tu mets ( You put )

Il met ( He put )

Elle met ( She put )

On met ( We put )

Nous mettons ( We put )

Vous mettez ( You put )

Ils mettent ( They put )

Elles mettent( They put )

(5)Conjugation of irregular verb“Peindre ”( Topaint)in present tense

Je peins ( I paint )

Tu peins ( You paint )

Il peint ( He paints )

Elle peint ( She paints )

On peint( We paint )

Nous peignons ( We paint )

Vous peignez ( YouPaint )

Ils peignent ( They paint )

Elles peignent ( They paint )

(6) (a)Conjugation of irregular verb“Vouloir ”( To want )in present tense

Je veux ( I want )

Tu veux ( You want )

Il veut (He wants )

Elle veut (She wants )

On veut (We want )

Nous voulons (We want )

Vous voulez ( You want )

Ils veulent ( They want )

Elles veulent ( They want )



(b)Conjugation of irregular verb“Pouvoir ”( Can)in present tense

Je peux ( I can )

Tu peux (You can )

Il peut (He can )

Elle peut (She can )

On peut (We can )

Nous pouvons (We can )

Vous pouvez (You can )

Ils peuvent ( They can )

Elles peuvent ( They can )

(7) (a)Conjugation of irregular verb“Boire ”( To drink)in present tense

Je bois ( I drink )

Tu bois (You drink )

Il boit (He drinks)

Elle boit (She drinks)

On boit (We drink )

Nous buvons (We drink )

Vous buvez (You drink )

Ils boivent (They drink )

Elles boivent (They drink )

(b)Conjugation of irregular verb“Voir ”( To see)in present tense

Je vois ( I see )

Tu vois ( You see )

Il voit (He see )

Elle voit (She see )

On voit (We see )

Nous voyons ( We see )

Vous voyez (You see)

Ils voient (They see )

Elles voient ( They see )



(c)Conjugation of irregular verb“Prévoir ”( To foresee)in present tense

Je prévois ( Iforesee )

Tu prévois ( Youforesee )

Il prévoit ( He foresees )

Elle prévoit ( She foresees )

On prévoit ( We foresee )

Nous prévoyons ( Weforesee)

Vous prévoyez ( Youforesee)

Ils prévoient ( Theyforesee )

Elles prévoient ( Theyforesee )

(8) Conjugation of irregular verb“Savoir”( To know)in present tense

Je sais ( I know )

Tu sais ( You know )

Il sait ( He knows )

Elle Sait ( She knows )

On sait ( We know )

Nous savons ( We know )

Vous savez ( You know )

Ils savent ( They know )

Elles savent ( They know )

(9) Conjugation of irregular verb“S'asseoir”( To sit)in present tense

Je m'assieds ( I sit )

Tu t' assieds ( you sit )

Il s'assied ( he sit )

Elle s'assied ( she sit)

On s'assied ( we sit )

Nous nous asseyons ( we sit )

Vous vous asseyez ( you sit )

Ils s' asseyent ( they sit )

Elles s' asseyent ( They sit )

(10) Conjugation of irregular verb“Devoir”(must)in present tense

Je dois ( I must )



Tu dois ( Youmust )

Il doit ( Hemust )

Elles doit ( Shemust )

On doit ( Wemust )

Nous devons ( Wemust )

Vous devez ( Youmust)

Ils doivent ( Theymust )

Elles doivent (They must )

(11)Conjugation of irregular verb“Faire”( To do )in present tense

Je fais ( I do )

Tu fais (You do)

Il fait (He does )

Elle fait (She does)

On fait (We do)

Nous faisons (We do )

Vous faites (You do )

Ils font (They do) Masculine

Elles font (They do) Feminine

(12)Conjugation of irregular verb“Conduire”( To drive )in present tense

Je conduis ( I drive )

Tu conduis ( You drive )

Il conduit ( He drives )

Elle conduit ( She drives )

On conduit ( We drive )

Nous conduisons ( We drive )

Vous conduisez (You drive )

Ils conduisent ( They drive )

Elles conduisent ( They drive )

(13)Conjugation of irregular verb“Croire”( Tobelieve )in present tense

Je crois ( I believe )

Tu crois ( You believe )

Il croit ( He believes )



Ells croit ( She believes )

On croit ( We believe )

Nous croyons ( We believe )

Vous croyez ( You believe )

Ils croient ( They believe )

Elles croient ( They believe )

(14) Conjugation of irregular verb“Connaitre”( Toknow )in present tense

Je connais ( I know )

Tu connais ( You know )

Il connait ( He knows )

Elle connait ( She knows )

On connait ( We know )

Nous connaissons ( We know )

Vous connaissez ( You know )

Ils connaissent ( They know )

Elles connaissent ( They know )

4.3. Vocabulaire :Décrire Une Famille (Vocabulary: Describing A Family)

En Anglais (In English) En Français (In French)

Mother Mère

Father Père

Grand parents Grand-parents

Paternal Grandfather Grand-père paternel

Paternal Grandmother Grand-mère paternelle

Maternal Grandmother Grand-mère maternelle

Maternal Grandfather Grand-père maternel

Husband Mari

Wife femme

Son Le Fils

Daughter La Fille

Brother Frère

Sister Sœur

Father in law/ Step father Beau-père

Step mother, Mother in law Belle-mère

Brother in law Beau frère

Sister in law Belle soeur

Male Cousin Cousin



Female Cousin Cousine

Grandson (Son‘s Son) Petit-fils (fils du fils)

Grandson (Daughter‘s Son) Petit-fils (fils de fille)

Granddaughter (Son‘s Daughter) Petite-fille (fille du fils)

Granddaughter (Daughter‘s Daughter) Petite-fille (fille de fille)

Sister's Husband Le mari de la sœur

Sister‘s Son Le fils de sa sœur

Sister‘s Daughter(Niece) Nièce

Nephew Neveu

Father‘s Sister‘s Husband Le mari de la sœur du père

Uncle Oncle

Aunt Tante

Mother‘s Brother Le frère de mère

Mother‘s Brother‘ Wife La femme du frère de la mère

Mother‘s Sister Sœur de la mère

Mother‘s Sister‘s Husband Le mari de la Sœur de la mère

Brother's Wife La femme de frère

Brother‘s Son Le fils du frère

Brother‘s Daughter La Fille du frère

Son in Law Beau fils

Daughter in Law Belle-fille

Husband's Sister Soeur de mari

Husband's (younger) Brother Mari (plus jeune) frère

Husband's (younger) Brother's Wife Épouse du frère (plus jeune)

Wife's Sister La sœur de l'épouse

Wife‘s Brother Le frère de l'épouse



Figure 1: The Gupta's Family

Savita Gupta

(Grand Mother of Subhash & Sarita and

Mother of Kavita & Sunil )

Dinesh Gupta

(Grand Father of Subhash & Sarita and

Father of Kavita & Sunil )

Kavita Bansal

(Sister of Sunil , Daughter of Dinesh & Savita and Mother of

Jyoti & Nitin )

Jyoti Bansal

(cousins’ Subhash Gupta or Sarita Gupta and daughter of Kavita

Bansal)

Nitin Bansal

(cousins’ Subhash Gupta or Sarita Gupta

and son of Kavita Bansal)

Sunil Gupta

(Son of Savita & Dinesh,Husband of Rashmi, Father of Subhash & Sarita )

Subhash Gupta

(Son of Sunil Gupta and Rashmi Goyal)

Pooja Goyal

(Grand Mother of Subhash & Sarita and

Mother of Rashmi Goyal & Ramesh Goyal)

Rashmi

(Wife of Sunil, Mother of Subhash & Sarita )

Sarita Gupta

(Doughter of Sunil Gupta and Rashmi

Goyal)

Ramesh Goyal

(Brother of Rashmi,Uncle Subhash & Sarita and Father of

Sandeep & Priya)

Sandeep Goyal

(cousin of Subhash & Sarita and Son of

Ramesh Goyal

Priya Goyal

(cousins’ of Subhash Gupta or Sarita Gupta

and Daughter of Ramesh Goyal

Vipin Goyal

(Grand Father of Subhash & Sarita and

Father of Rashmi Goyal & Ramesh Goyal)



Figure 2: La Famille Gupta's

Savita Gupta

Mère de Sunil et Kavita

Grand-père de Subash et Sarita

Dinesh Gupta

Père de Sunil,et Kavita

Grand-mère de

Subash et Sarita

Kavita Bansal

Sœur de Sunil,

La fille de Savita et Dinesh

Jyoti Bansal

Sœur de Nitin ,

La fille de Kavita

Nitin Bansal

Frère de Jyoti,

Le Fils de Kavita

Sunil Gupta

Mari de Rashmi

Père de Subash et Sarita

Subhash Gupta

Frère de Sarita,,

Le Fils de Sunit et Rashmi

Pooja Goyal

Mère de Rashmi,

Grand-mère de

Subash et Sarita

Rashmi

femme de Sunil

Mère de Subash et Sarita

Sarita Gupta

Sœur de Subash

La Fille de Sunit et Rashmi

Ramesh Goyal

Frère de Rashmi,

Le fils de Pooja et Vipin

Sandeep Goyal

Frère de Priya,

Le fils de Ramesh

Priya Goyal

Sœur de Sandeep,

La fille de Ramesh

Vipin Goyal

Père de Rashmi,

Grand-père de Subash et Sarita



Describe your family (Les Guptas Famille):

1.Subhash Gupta et Sarita Gupta sont les enfants de Sunil et Rashmi.

( Subhash Gupta and Sarita Gupta are the children of Sunil and Rashmi)

2.Subash est le fils et Sarita est la fille de Sunil et Rashmi.

( Subhash is the son and Sarita is the daughter of Sunil and Rashmi.)

3. Sunil est le père et Rashmi est la mère de Subash et Sarita..

(Sunil is the father and Rashmi is the mother of Subash and Sarita.)

4. Subash est le frère de Sarita et Sarita est la soeur de Subash.

.(Subash is the brother of Sarita and Sarita is the sister of Subash.)

5.Sunil Gupta et Rashmi sont les parents de Subash et Sarita

.( SunilGupta and Rashmi are the parents of Subhash and Sarita )

6. Sunil Gupta et Kavita sont les enfants de Dinesh et Savita.

(SunilGupta and Kavita are the children of Dinesh and Savita )

7. Sunil est le frère de Kavita et Kavita est la soeur deSunil..

(Sunil is the brother of Kavita and Kavita is the sister of Sunil.)

8. Dinesh et Savita sont les parents de Sunil Gupta et Kavita.

(Dineshand Savitaare the parents of Sunil Gupta and Kavita )

9.Kavita est la tante de Subhash et Sarita et elle est la belle soeur de Rashmi.

(Kavita is the aunt of Subash and Sarita and sister-in-law of Rashmi.)

10.. Dinesh et Savita sont les Grand-parents paternal des enfants, Subhash et Sarita .

(Dinesh and Savitaare the paternal grand parents of Subash and Sarita).

11. Dinesh est le grand-père paternal and Savita est la Grand-mère paternelle des enfants,

Subhash et Sarita .

(Dinesh is the paternal grand father and Savitais the paternal grand mother of

children,Subash and Sarita).

12. Dinesh est le beau-père de Rashmi et Savita est la belle-mère de Rashmi.

(Dinesh is the father-in-law and Savitais the mother-in-law of Rashmi)

13.Rashmi est la belle fille de Dinesh et Savita..

(Rashmi is the daughter-in-law of Dineshand Savita)

14.Nitin et Jyoti sont les enfants de Kavita..

( Nitinand Jyoti are the children of Kavita)



15.Nitin est le frère de Jyoti et Jyoti est la soeur de Nitin.

.(Nitin is the brother of Jyoti and Jyoti is the sister of Nitin.)

16.Nitin est le cousin de Subhash et Sarita.(Nitin is the cousin brother of Subash and

Sarita)

17.Jyoti est la cousine de Subhash et Sarita..(Jyoti is the cousin sister of Subash and

Sarita)

18. Dinesh et Savita sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfants, Nitin et Jyoti.

(Dinesh and Savitaare the maternal grand parents of Nitinand Jyoti.)

19.Pooja et Vipin sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfents Subash et Sarita; les

Grand-parents paternal des enfants Sandeep et Priya et les parents de Rashmi et Ramesh .

(Poojaand Vipin are the maternal grand parents of the children Subash and Sarita;paternal

grand parentsof Sandeep and Priya and parents of Rashmi and Ramesh.)

20. Vipin est le beau-père de Sunil et Pooja est la belle-mère de Sunil.

(Vipinis the father-in-law and Poojais the mother-in-law of Sunil)

21.Sunil est le beau frère de Ramesh.

(Sunil is the brother-in-law of Ramesh.)

4.4 NAME OF DAIRY PRODUCTS AND CEREALS IN FRENCH

Nom Des Porgaines Laitiers (Name of Dairy Products)


le lait Milk

le fromage Cheese

le lait entier whole milk

le lait de vache cow‘s milk

le lait écrémé skimmed milk

le lait demi-écrémé semi-skimmed milk

le carton de lait milk carton

le lait condensé condensed milk

le lait de chèvre goat‘s milk

le fromage à crème cream cheese

le fromage à pâté soft cheese

le bleu blue cheese

le fromage à pâté semi-hard cheese



le fromage râpé grated cheese

le fromage à pâté hard cheese

le fromage à pâté semi-molle semi-soft cheese

fromage blanc cottage cheese

le fromage frais fresh cheese

le beurre Butter

la crème Cream

la margarine Margarine

la crème allégée single cream

la crème épaisse double cream

la crème fouettée whipped cream

le yaourt Yoghurt

la glace ice-cream

le lait pasturisé pasteurized milk

le lait non-pasteurisé unpasteurized milk

le milk-shake Milkshake

le yaourt surgelé frozen yoghurt

le lait de brebis sheep‘s milk

le babeurre Buttermilk

le lactose Lactose

le lait homogénéisé homogenised milk

le lait en poudre powdered milk

sans matières grasses fat-free

Nom de cereals (Name of Cereals)


Barley Groats Groats d‘orge

Broken Wheat Blé cassé

Buckwheat sarrasin

Chia Seeds graines de chia

Cornflakes flocons de maïs

Cracked Wheat blé concassé

Durum Wheat Blé dur

Flaked rice Riz en flocons

Macaroni Macaroni

Maize Maïs



Millet Millet

Oat Avoine

Pearl Millet Millet De Perle

Pot Barley Orge mondé

Puffed rice / Rice Bubbles Riz soufflé

Ragi Ragi

Rice Riz

Rice Flakes Flocons de riz

Sago Sagou

Semolina La semoule

Sorghum Sorgho

Spelt Orthographié

Tapioca (Cassava)Starch Balls Boules d'amidon de tapioca (manioc)

Vermicelli Vermicelle

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – 1

1 .Write the Conjugation of irregular verbs : Venir & Aller

2. Write the name of the following relationship in French

Mother

Father

Grand Father

Grand Mother

Son

Daughter

Brother

Sister

Father-inlaw

Mother-in-law

Brother-in-law

Sister-in-law

Uncle

Aunty

3. Write the name of the following dairy products in French:

a. Yogurt

b. Cow‘s milk

c. Goat’s milk

d. Sheep’s milk



e. Skimmed milk

f. Condensed milk

g. Pasteurized milk

4. Write the name of the following dairy products in English:

a. Lait

b. Beurre

c. Fromage

d. Crème

e. Crème fouetée

5.Write the name of the following cereals dairy products in French:

Barley Groats

Broken Wheat

Cornflakes

Cracked Wheat

Durum Wheat

Flaked rice

Maize

4.5 NEGATION

To make a sentence negative in French one has to use two negative terms. The first one is

"ne" (or "n' " if the word begins with a vowel) and the second most commonone is "pas"

or others like "plus", "rien", "jamais", "personne".In most cases for turning a positive

French sentence into a negative one, we add ―ne‖ before the verb and ―pas‖ after it. when

the verb starts with a vowel, we add ―n'‖before the verb. But in order to say ―never‖ or

―nobody‖or ―no more‖ we use "plus", "rien", "jamais", instead of "pas".

Je n‘aime pas le café -I don‘t like coffee

(ne + verb + pas formula.)

Je ne mange pas ce soir. -I don‘t eat tonight.

Vous ne venez pas demain. -You don‘t come tomorrow.

Je ne parle pas -I do not speak.



4.6 ADJECTIFS DÉMONSTRATIFS (DEMONSTRATIVE

ADJECTIVES)

Demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate a specific noun or nouns. In French, they

agree with the noun(s) in number and gender.

In French there are three singular demonstrative adjectives.

1.Masculine: Ce (this, that)

It is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a consonant.

2.Masculine in front of a vowel: Cet (this, that)

It is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a vowel.

3.Feminine: Cette (this, that)

It is used before a feminine singular noun.

Par exemple:

Ce livre-This/That book

Cet homme- This/That man

Cette chaise- This/That chair

Je vais à cet hôtel- I‘m going to this hotel

Ce livre est très bon.- This/That book is very good

Je vais acheter cette chaise- I‘m going to buy this/that chair.

There is only one plural demonstrative adjective: Ces.(These/Those)

It is used before a masculine or feminine noun in the plural.

Ces chaises- those chairs

Je vais acheter ces chaises. -I am going to buy these/those chairs.

4.7 SIMPLE TRANSLATION

Subject-

Je- I

Tu- You

Il/Elle- He/She

Nous- We

Vous-You (Plural)

Ils/Elles- They (Plural)



Rule for Making a sentence in French:

Subject + Verb + Objects

1- My Name is Roland Brunot.

Je m‘appelle Roland Brunot.

2-He is Vikalp Tripathi.

Il s‘appelle Vikalp Tripathi.

3- She is journalist

Elle est journaliste.

Some sentence start with there is/ there are (Il y a)

1- There is a boy in the room.

Il y a un garçondans la chamber.

2- There are some tables in the room.

Il y a des tables dans la chamber.

3-Voici

Here is/ Here are

4- Voila

There is/ There are

5- Le voici

Here he is.

6- La voici

Here she is.

7- Le voila

There he is

8- La voila

There She is

9- Les voila

There they are

10- Le garçon est jeune.

The boy is young.

11- L’homme est jeune.

The man is young



12- Les femmes sont jeunes.

The women are young.

13- La petite fillle est intelligent.

The little girl is intelligent.

14- Three and six are nine.

Trois et six font neuf.

Où est means where is

Où sont means where are

1-Où est le garçon?

Where is the boy?

2-Où est la fille?

Where is the girl?

3-Où sont les cahiers?

Where are the notebooks?

4.8 (ORAL CONVERSATION)

Dialogue-1

Small Conversation between Waiter and client (In French)

Garçon- Bonjour, monsieur.

Ashish- Bonjour.

Garçon-Qu‘est-ce-que vous voulez?

Ashish-Je veux un café.

Garçon- Voila votre café, monsieur.

Ashish-Merci bien

Garçon- Derien.

(In English)

Waiter- Good Morning, Mr.

Ashish-Good Morning

Waiter- What do you want?

Ashish-Je want coffee .

Waiter- Here is your coffee



Ashish-- Thank you very much

Waiter- You are welcome.

Dialogue-2

Small Conversation between Réceptionist and client (In French)

Réceptionnaire: Bon après midi, monsieur Gabriel.

M.Gabriel: Bon après midi, Où est ma voiture?

Réceptionnaire: Oui, monsieur. Regardez voila, il est votre chauffeur.

M.Gabriel: Merci bien, à bientôt.

Réceptionnaire: Bon voyage.

(In English)

Réceptionist: Good Afternoon, Gabriel sir.

M.Gabriel: Good Afternoon, where is my vehicle.

Réceptionist: Look at there, he is your driver.

M.Gabriel: Thank you, see you soon

Réceptionist: Happy journey



Dialogue-3

Small Conversation between Receptionist and client on reception counter(In

French).

M. Raphael: Bonjour, Nous avons Deux reservation.

Réceptionnaire: Bonjour monsieur, A quel nom, s‘il vous plait?

M. Raphael: Raphael

Réceptionnaire: Pardon monsieur, pouvez vous épeler votre nom?

M. Raphael: R, A, P, H, A, E, L

Réceptionnaire: Un instant, s‘il vous plait! c'est correct. Deux chamber pour quatre nuits.

M. Raphael: Oui, Nous avons besoin de la pièce.

Réceptionnaire: Bien, Vous avez la chamber au dernier étage

(In English)

M. Raphael: Good Morning, we have two reservations.

Réceptionist: Good Morning sir, name, please?

M. Raphael: Raphael

Réceptionist: Excuse me sir, can you spell your name please?

M. Raphael: R, A, P, H, A, E, L

Réceptionist: An instant, please! This is correct, two rooms for four nights

M. Raphael: Yes, we need peaceful room.

Réceptionist: Ok, You have the room on Second floor.

Dialogue-4

Small Conversation between Receptionist and client(In French).

M. Georges: Bonjour, parlez vous anglais?

Réceptionnaire: Bonjour monsieur, Oui, Je parle anglais, Peux je vous aider?

M. Georges: Je voudrais deux chambre, pour deux homme.

Réceptionnaire: Avez Vous une reservation?

M. Georges: Non

Réceptionnaire: Combien de jour est-ce que vous voulez rester?

M. Georges: Trois Jours.

Réceptionnaire: Bien



M. Georges: Quel est le prix?

Réceptionnaire: 6000 Rs plus les taxes, pour trois jours.

M. Georges: D‘accord

(In English)

M. Georges: Good Morning, are you speaking English.

Réceptionist: Good Morning sir, Yes, I speaking English. May I help you?

M. Georges: I want two rooms for two men.

Réceptionist: Have you reservation.

M. Georges: No

Réceptionist: For how many days you want to stay?

M. Georges: Three Days

Réceptionist: Ok.

M. Georges: What is the price ( How many rupees we have to pay)?

Réceptionist: 6000 Rs with tax, for three days.

M. Georges: Agreed.

Dialogue-5

Conversationfor Booking anAir Ticket(In French).

M. Utkarsh: Bonsoir, Je m’appelle Utkarsh.

Employé: Bonsoir monsieur, Ce qui peut je faire pour vous?

M. Utkarsh: J'aime réserver une place sur un avion de Delhi à Paris.

Employé: Quelle date et quelle heure, s'il vous plaît ?

M. Utkarsh: Je voudrais voyager le 15 Mars, le soir.

Employé: Dans quelle la classe voulez-vous voyager des affaires ou une économie ?

M. Utkarsh: Je voudrais la classe d'affaires avec la place de fenêtre

Employé: Tiendrez-vous, s'il vous plaît ? Oui, il y a le vol direct de Delhi à Paris.

M. Utkarsh: D‘accord, merci beaucoup

Employé: Derien

(In English)

M. Utkarsh: Good evening, myself Utkarsh.

Employee: What can i do for you?

M. Utkarsh: I like to book a seat on a plane from delhi to paris



Employee: What date and what time, please?

M. Utkarsh: I would like to travel on 15th March, in the evening.

Employee: In which class do you want to travel business or economy?

M. Utkarsh: I would like business class with window seat

Employee: Will you hold, please?Yes there is direct flight from delhi to paris.

M. Utkarsh: Agree, Thanks

Employee: You are welcome


1-Change the following sentences in to negative sentences:

I. Je travaille.

II. J‘ai trent ans.

III. Je suis libre.

IV. Je connais bien.

V. Je veux manger.

VI. La maison est grande.

VII. Je veux aller au cinéma.

2- Fill the blank with demonstrative adjectives.

A )Je n‘aime pas -----femme.

B) Il n‘aime pas ----- garçon.

C ) ----- homme est grand .

D )Il n‘aime pas ------ patalon.

3-Translate following sentences in to French:

a. My name is Utkarsh verma.

b. I can speak French language.

c. I love you.

d. Jyoti is a beautiful and intelligent girl.

e. Rishikesh is a good boy.



4-Translate following sentences in to English:

I. Je deteste vous.

II. Il s‘appelle shalu pandey

III. Pooja et Vipin sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfents Subash et Sarita

IV. Vipin est le beau-père de Sunil et Pooja est la belle-mère de Sunil.

V. Sunil est le beau frère de Ramesh.

4.9 GLOSSARY

IRREGULAR VERBS: They are the third group of verb and it includes all those

verbsending with -ir ,-oir and -re ,which don't follow a set pattern of conjugation.

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES: They are used to indicate a specific noun or

nouns. In French, they agree with the noun(s) in number and gender.



1. See 4.2

2.See 4.3

3.See 4.4

4.See 4.4

5.See 4.4


1. See 4.5

2. See 4.6

3. See 4.7

4.See 4.7



4.11 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED READINGS

Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of Cambridge:

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .



Catherine Lobo & Sonali Jadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry

François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd. Delhi.


Palgrave Machmillan Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.




Centre,New Delhi.


Philippe Dominique, Michéle Verdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans

Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris

and f b c,,New Delhi.

Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, Michéle Verdelhan and Michel



Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave Machmillan

Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave Machmillan

Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.


Websites:








1- Describe your family members explaining the relationship.

2- Write ten dairy products and ten cereals in French.

3- What is demonstrative adjective? Define with appropriate example.

4- Present aconversation between the client and hotel staff.

Documents

Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T UNIT: 01