Forecast 10 years - Underground Space Technology - USHIJIMA Kunio (Civil) NOMURA Mitsugu (Civil)

Forecast 10 yearsForecast 10 years - Underground Space Technology - - Underground Space Technology -

USHIJIMA Kunio (Civil)USHIJIMA Kunio (Civil)

NOMURA Mitsugu (Civil)NOMURA Mitsugu (Civil)

SummarySummary

Underground Space Technology improves in the Underground Space Technology improves in the days. The progress of the dramatic tunnel method days. The progress of the dramatic tunnel method of construction and the progress of the design of construction and the progress of the design technology specially occurred in these twenty technology specially occurred in these twenty years. years.

Development of technology for twenty years of Development of technology for twenty years of the main underground space development the main underground space development technology will be described, and that trend will technology will be described, and that trend will be described about main development of be described about main development of technology for ten years from now on.technology for ten years from now on.

IntroductionIntroduction

TunnelTunnel

Rock Mass Tunnel Soil Tunnel Deep Shaft

Underground Space TechnologyUnderground Space Technology

TunnelTunnel

The Technological Development Trend The Technological Development Trend Of The Rock Mass TunnelOf The Rock Mass Tunnel

Technological innovationTechnological innovation

shotcrete + rock bolt NATMNATM

Picture. 　 Ousakayama 　 Tunnel （ L=664m ； 1880 ）


Picture ． Rib &Woods


Picture ． NATM ( in Korea )


Picture ． NATM ( in Korea )


Change of Suport System(Road Tunnel)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Year

Num

ber of

Site

Rib & Woods

NATM(Shotcreet & Rockbolt)

Figure‐1 ． Change of Suport System(Road Tunnel)


Support structure thing materialSupport structure thing material

Wood Wood 　　　　　　　　　　　　　・・・　　　　　　　　　　　　　・・・ 20 20 years beforeyears before（（ archarch 　　 materialmaterial ）　）　 WoodWood 　→　　→　 Steel Steel 　　　　　　　　・　　　　　　　　・

・・・・ in the 1960sin the 1960s

dynamics model 　＆　 shotcrete , rock bolt

Dramatic 　 change

Demand trendDemand trend

Name Length(m) Open Use

1 Ｓeｉｋａｎ 53,850 1988

2 Hａｋｋｏｄａ 26,455 Breakthrough3 Iwate 25,810 19954 Ｉｉｙａｍａ 22,225 Under Construction5 Daishimizu 22,221 1982

6 Shinkanmon 18,713 1975

7 Rokko 16,250 1972

8 Hａｒｕｎａ 15,350 1982

9 Ｇｏｒｉｇａｍｉｎｅ 15,175 1997

10 Nakayama 14,857 1982

11 Aki 13,030 1975

12 Tsukushi 11,865 Under Construction13 Kitakｙushu 11,747 1975

14 Fukushima 11,705 198215 Kubiki 11,353 1969

Table‐1 ． The Length of Japanese Tunnel


Investment for Underground Space

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Year

Inve

stm

ent(

Billio

n $)

shopping centerLifelineWater

RoadRail

Figure‐2 ． Investment for Underground Space

The Technological Development Trend The Technological Development Trend Of The Soil TunnelOf The Soil Tunnel


aa tunnel to set up in Mt ground where it accumulates in tunnel to set up in Mt ground where it accumulates in the third period or the fourth period and which is not a the third period or the fourth period and which is not a rock mass yet.rock mass yet.

How to construct a soil tunnel in JapanHow to construct a soil tunnel in Japan

・ TBMTBM (TTunnel BBoring MMachine ; with Segment Support )・ NATMNATM (NNew AAustrian TTunneling MMethod )

Soil tunnel

Technological Technological innovationinnovation

Picture. TBM (Metropolitan Expressway central loop line )


But!!But!!

A demand of Soil tunnelA demand of Soil tunnel

・・ Restructuring of the traffic of the city part Restructuring of the traffic of the city part

・・ Drainage and a service pipe way Drainage and a service pipe way

・・ The reserve pipe of the flood countermeasureThe reserve pipe of the flood countermeasure

It is dug with NATM, or it is not only to dig it with TBM, and it is the market being opened only by the enterprise which can plan synthetic execution in such cases as a correspondence to the environment of the ground water, noise, vibration.

Rock Mass Deep ShaftRock Mass Deep Shaft


It is pointing at Deep Shaft installed by the master of the depth 100m and more in the rock mass here.

Deep Shaft

Development of technology was proceeding Development of technology was proceeding with the with the coal minecoal mine through Deep Shaft in Japan. through Deep Shaft in Japan.

But!!But!!

A coal mine itself with Deep Shaft declined as a result that demand of energy in Japan shifted from the coal to the petroleum, and development of technology of Deep Shaft had the final breath as a result in the 1970's as that result, too.


-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Completion year

Th

e D

epth

of

Dee

p S

haf

t （m

）

De e p Shaft (Coal Mine )

De e p Shaft (Civil)

Figure‐3 ．

Technological Technological innovationinnovation

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

year

Dom

esti

c co

al q

uan

tity

of

pro

du

ctio

n(1

000t

)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Th

e n

um

ber

of

coal

min

es

Domestic coal quantity ofproduction (1000t)

The number of coal mines

Figure‐4 ．


NowNow

Deep ShaftDeep Shaft

・ The ventilation Deep Shaft of the road

・ The service Deep Shaft to the underground 　 stock tank of the petroleum and the gas

・ The hydroelectric power station

Picture. Deep Shaft (Appearance)



Picture ． Deep Shaft (inner)

　　　　　　　　　　 The Age Of The Age Of 　　　　　　　　　　 Maintenance And ManagementMaintenance And Management

Maintenance of the underground space is very Maintenance of the underground space is very important from now on.important from now on.

It is anticipated when the maintenance managerial technique to realize the development of the optimizationtechnique to manage efficient maintenance from now on

and that grows to be a trend technological field most.

ThanksThanks

Documents

Forecast 10 years - Underground Space Technology - USHIJIMA Kunio (Civil) NOMURA Mitsugu (Civil)