For the love of death January 8-9th 2016asp.upd.edu.ph/files/FLOD_Abstracts.pdf · distorted, of their status in life. Therefore, the mortuary treatment of ... National Museum of

For the love of death January 8-9th 2016

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Welcome!

The Archaeological Studies Program (ASP) at the University of the Philippines Diliman was established on August 24, 1995. Multidisciplinary in nature, ASP is designed to oversee and coordinate instructional, research and extension activities pertaining to the systematic discovery, reclamation, analysis, presentation and preservation of the material remains of past cultures.

The For the Love of Death team would like to express their thanks to the following co-sponsors

• Office of the Chancellor of University of the Philippines Diliman

• Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past

• Office of the Vice-President of Academic Affairs (OVPAA)

• Office of the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Development (OVCRD)

• Beta Analytic


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Craniofacial Sexual Dimorphism in Southeast Asia: Assessing the Viability of 11 Craniometric Measurements for Sex Determination in Archaeological Context. Sebastien Barfoot, Albergante, L. & Wilkinson, C. M.

The Antiquity of Treponemal disease in SEAsia and the Pacific: Implications for settlement history. Hallie Buckley and Sigrid Labidon

Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans everything: were pagan Anglo-Saxons infantilised in their dotage? Christine Cave

The Philippines: an osteological odyssey? Rebecca Crozier

Skeletal growth during the period of intensification of agriculture at the late prehistoric site of Ban Non Wat, Northeast Thailand. Neha Dhavale, Siân Halcrow, Hallie Buckley & Andrew Gray

Mortuary practices of Mulanay, Quezon Province, Philippines. Bong Dizon

Head Taking in its Context: Borneo Trophy Skulls Observed. Antonio J. Guerreiro

Telling the stories of the dead; using isotopes to track past human migration in the Caribbean Hannah James

Log coffin people from “Long Long Rak” cave site, Mae Hong Son, ThailandNatthamon Pureepatpong Kongkasuriyachai

Death and Burial Practices in Early Ifugao Adam J. Lauer

Differentiating cannibalism from non-normative burial practices using human remains: a study integrating osteoarchaeological evidence and written sourcesSimon Mays

The Depositional History of the Callao Fossil Armand Salvador Mijares

Abstracts: Oral Presentations

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Abstracts: Oral Presentations (continued)

CraA Human skeleton in Thang Long citadel, Hanoi, Vietnam: A case of 09.BD. E27.Mo.040 Minh Tran

Auditory Exostosis in LB-V/3 from Liang Bua Delta Bayu Murti and Toetik Koesbardiati

A 5th Millenium BP flexed inhumation from Bubog 1, Ilin Island, Mindoro Occidental Alfred Pawlik, Rebecca Crozier, Philip Piper, Riczar Fuentes, Kate Lim, Armand Mijares

A Study of the Taphonomy of Non-Adult Human Remains from Ille Cave and Rockshelter Archaeological Sites in the Philippines Jessica Pena

Iron Mortuary Practice at Long Long Rak Cave, Northwest Thailand. Rasmi Shoocongdej, Chonchanok Samrit, Wokanya Na Nongkhai, Somthawin Sukliang

Life and Afterlife on the Coast: Burial Practices During the Neolithic – Early Iron Age in the Maritime Region, Russian Far East Andrei V. Tabarev, Alexander N. Popov, Elena N. Zaletova

Skeletal Remains from Kalli Pachchhim Exacavations D.P.Tewari

Proto-Historic Jar Burials Tradition in Northeast Thailand Naruphol Wangthongchaicharoen


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Craniofacial Sexual Dimorphism in Southeast Asia: Assessing the Viability of 11 Craniometric Measurements for Sex Determination in Archaeological Context Sebastien Barfoot (a) Albergante, L. (b) & Wilkinson, C. M. (c)

(a) Medical Health and Science Dept., University of Aukland, New Zealand [email protected](b) University of Dundee, UK(c) Liverpool John Moores University, UK

Southeast Asia as a geographical region has historically been underrepresented or omitted from morphometric and morphological studies (Green 2007). Population specificity of these methods therefore raises questions about their applicability to Southeast Asian samples for estimating sex. This study tests 11 craniofacial measurements identified by Green (2007) as being sexually dimorphic in modern Southeast Asians: prosthion-bregma, bijugal breadth, bi-frontomalare orbitale, bi-frontomalare temporale, basion-bregma, nasion-bregma, basion-prosthion, bi-inferior zygomatic breadth, mastoidale-mastoidale, mastoidale-porion and glabella-lambda. A sample of 46 skulls (30 males and 16 females) was collected from the University of Edinburgh skull collection. All variables were measured using traditional craniometric techniques. Univariate analysis indicated that 9/11 of the measurements showed significant sexual dimorphism, with BPL and g-l showing little dimorphism. Multivariate discriminant function analysis of all variables gave accuracies of 96.6% correct classification for males and 88.9% for females. These results are comparable to those originally found by Green (2007) and indicate this set of measurements have the potential to be practical and robust for archaeological use in the field, subject to developing a function based upon a larger sample of known sex individuals.


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The Antiquity of Treponemal disease in SEAsia and the Pacific: Implications for settlement history.Hallie Buckley and Sigrid Labidon

Department of Anatomy, University of [email protected]

Kirch (2000) suggested that the impact of infectious disease on human populations during the prehistory of the Pacific Islands has received less attention than other regions of the world. By analysing markers for disease in human skeletal remains this paper will seek to address the role of infectious disease during the human settlement in SEAsia and the Pacific Islands and its effect on human health. Yaws (Tr. pertenue) has a reasonably short history in the region and is highly visible in the skeletal record. Here we present an extensive review of published accounts of this disease in the wider region. No pre-European contact cases of treponemal disease have been reported in MSEA or island SEAsia (ISEA). There are also no cases of Lapita treponemal disease in the SW Pacific or pre-Latte Micronesian samples. ISEA provides a potential waystation for the introduction of the disease into the Pacific. There is a significant gap in published health oriented bioarchaeological research in this region. If the earliest evidence of the disease in the Pacific islands is from Micronesia c. 800 CE, what was the route of its entry and when did this occur? Possible answers to this question are discussed in this presentation.


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Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans everything: were pagan Anglo-Saxons infantilised in their dotage?Christine Cave

Australian National [email protected]

Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history,Is second childishness and mere oblivion,Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.Shakespeare, As You Like It

Life for humans in the past may not have been as nasty brutish and short as legend has it, but do we really revert to childhood in the last life stage? In modern times, when youth is prized and old age scorned, the treatment of our elderly may approach infantilisation, especially in hospital and nursing home contexts. Shakespeare has noted such attitudes in Tudor England, but has this always been the case?

This presentation will examine burials from pagan Anglo-Saxon England and determine whether the treatment of infants is similar to that of the elderly from the same time period. As people do not bury themselves, inferences can be made about the attitudes of the community to the dead individual: how and where people are buried provides a reflection, albeit distorted, of their status in life. Therefore, the mortuary treatment of both groups will be compared using statistical and morphological methods. Grave depth and size, placement in the grave as well as the quantity and quality grave goods will be examined.


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The Philippines: an osteological odyssey?Rebecca Crozier

Archaeological Studies Program, University of the [email protected]; [email protected]

At present, in terms of archaeological human remains, the Philippines are not well represented in the published academic literature. However, as this paper will show, this is not due to a dearth of evidence. Over the last 5-6 decades many excavation reports, archived as part of the ‘grey literature’, have documented the recovery of human remains. Perhaps even more interesting than the clear potential for a substantial human osteological resource, is the great variation in mortuary practices with which the remains are associated. This paper, therefore, aims to shine a light on the Philippines and provide a more cohesive overview of mortuary practices and the human remains that evidence them.


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Skeletal growth during the period of intensification of agriculture at the late prehistoric site of Ban Non Wat, Northeast ThailandNeha Dhavale, Siân Halcrow, Hallie Buckley & Andrew Gray

University of Otago, New Zealand [email protected]

The bioarchaeological model predicts the deterioration in population health with the adoption and intensification of agriculture. Bioarchaeological research in mainland SE Asia challenges this model, showing no clear pattern of health deterioration over time. To further test the applicability of the model in SE Asia, the study investigates childhood growth from the late prehistoric site of Ban Non Wat in Northeast Thailand. Linear and appositional growth patterns of infants and children (n=96) were compared from the Neolithic to the Iron Age (1750 B.C – 430 A.D) for assessing variability between the periods which may indicate growth disturbances as a response to agricultural intensification over time. Comparative analysis of linear and appositional growth exhibited no significant differences in growth of infants and children between the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age samples. These findings are consistent with other health research in prehistoric SE Asia. A gradual transition to intensified agriculture over time and retention of a broad-spectrum based diet in SE Asia may have buffered the population from the biological stress that is found in other prehistoric populations of the world during agricultural intensification.


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Mortuary practices of Mulanay, Quezon Province, PhilippinesBong Dizon

Scientist III, Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines &Archaeology Studies Program, University of the [email protected]

The archaeological work at the Kamhantik Site in Mulanay, Quezon Province, has provided us a glimpse for the first time of burial practice in sarcophagus found in situ in the Philippines. There were already 15 recorded sarcophagi at the site, mostly disturbed before the archaeological works were conducted in 2011. These sarcophagi were all engraved in the limestone matrix of the site. Human remains were observed with earthenware sherds, animal bones and teeth remains, metal artifacts, etc. The artifacts suggested a period of the last phase of the Metal Age, or about the 10thcentury CE. There were also indications of posthole marks also engraved in the limestone matrix of the site. This site is quite significant and unique so far as burial practices are concerned.


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Head Taking in its Context: Borneo Trophy Skulls ObservedAntonio J. Guerreiro

IrAsia, CNRS-Université Aix-Marseille, Maison Asie Pacifique, Marseille and SEEA, Musée du quai Branly, Paris, ICOM-France

[email protected]

Beliefs and practices relating to head taking have been mostly recorded during colonial times in Borneo. However, decapitation proper and the preservation of skulls by different means, was described in broad terms only. That is a relevant question for the study of Bornean skulls trophies found in European Museums’ collections. These paradoxal objects, located somehow in between nature and culture, have been rarely exhibited to the public. The paper will describe the methods of decapitation and of preserving fresh heads in Borneo during head taking times (circa 19th century to 21st century), based on published sources and examples of trophy skulls (Basel Museum der Kulturen, Vienna Museum der Wereld, Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Malaysia and private collections). Sometimes the lower jaw is kept and tied to the upper jaw and sinus by rattan bindings, but in most cases it is discarded. Wooden plugs are inserted in the nasal cavity and can also replace the lower jaw. The practice of over modeling the trophy skull with resins (gutta) in Borneo is unique to Southeast Asia while it is well known from Melanesia; it aimed at face reconstruction. The correlation between specific decorative patterns and ethnicities found in the main culture areas on the Island is also a topic that would need more clarification. Obviously patterns can be copied and modified in the details, keeping an overall similarity in shape. On the other hand, the large number of forged Dayak trophy skulls that appeared in the late 1990s and 2000s raise other questions about expertise and the tribal art market.


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Telling the stories of the dead; using isotopes to track past human migration in the CaribbeanHannah James

Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University [email protected]

Isotopic analysis is being increasingly used in archaeological studies as tools for identifying past human migration and diet. The advantage of isotopic analysis is it provides information about individuals, with isotopes in tooth enamel being an indication of the geographical location, dietary choices and the environment during the time that tooth was forming in childhood. The use of multiple isotopes; carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and strontium, provides new information, that helps uncover the life story of an individual. This talk will focus on the use of multiple isotopes in an archaeological context and how combining this extra information with traditional archaeological techniques is optimal. A case study from an historical Caribbean site will be used to illustrate these points.


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Log coffin people from “Long Long Rak” cave site, Mae Hong Son, Thailand Natthamon Pureepatpong Kongkasuriyachai

Chiang Mai University [email protected]

The most complete log coffin cave site discovered in Northwestern Thailand is “Long Long Rak” in which the human skeletal remains were excavated and analyzed in this preliminary research. A great number of human remains were excavated from within the log coffins, on the ground of the chambers, and in the excavation pits. More than 85 individuals were identified. They were studied by using gross analysis to estimate sex and age at death. The study also included the examination of defects on bones from both activity patterns and abnormality from diseases. The preliminary results show that the age at death of the remains found in this cave was not very old. Many sub-adult remains were found in every period of age: fetal, infant, juvenile and adolescent. In addition, several patterns of mortuary practices were identified in this cave, such as primary and secondary burial in a coffin, and in the ground underneath the log coffin. This study could add more information on the mortuary practices of the log coffin people in Thailand, and reveal more knowledge about their health and lives in the past.


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Death and Burial Practices in Early IfugaoAdam J. Lauer

UniversityofHawai‘iatMā[email protected]

Recent archaeological investigations at the Old Kiyyangan Village site have identified ritualized mortuary treatment and burial processes that reflect stability, as well as change, in practices and methods of interment surrounding death in Ifugao communities. Ideas surrounding death and burial of the Ifugao, in the Philippine Cordillera, have been the subject of ethnographic investigations since the early 20th century. These descriptions focused on the mortuary processing of adults, particularly those that are associated with the practices of headhunting and ancestor veneration. The Ifugao Archaeological Project has excavated portions the early Old Kiyyangan village. This site has provided new information on mortuary practices of the early Ifugao. This work has recovered several (MNI: 27) fragmentary skeletons. The age, health, and mortuary profiles of these skeletons will be presented and placed in context. This information, combined with community interviews, will be used to explore the early origins of Ifugao mortuary practices and the retention and modification of those practices through time. Modern Ifugao adult and subadult mortuary practices have analogues at the earliest levels of the Old Kiyyangan village. However, several differences are found in subadult burial practices. Ethnographic and archaeological data will be used to address changes in mortuary practice.


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Differentiating cannibalism from non-normative burial practices using human remains: a study integrating osteoarchaeological evidence and written sourcesSimon Mays

Historic England [email protected]

In osteoarchaeology, distinguishing instances of cannibalism from cases of anthropogenic modification of human remains in mortuary rites is often difficult. This paper describes an assemblage of disarticulated human remains (MNI=10 individuals) from a domestic context in mediaeval England. The remains were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic study. The assemblage showed perimortal knife-marks, low-temperature burning and deliberate breakage of long-bones. Historic written sources suggest various possible interpretations, among which cannibalism and deviant (apotropaic) burial practices are perhaps the most likely. These two possibilities are evaluated by drawing parallels between the modifications on these remains and those in archaeological cases of putative cannibalism from Oceania and elsewhere. Historic textual descriptions of cannibalism, and also of mutilations of corpses inflicted in attempts to prevent ghosts from walking, are also used to help shed light on the human behaviours and beliefs that might have produced the assemblage. The study emphasises not only the value of written sources for aiding the interpretation of anthropogenically modified historic human remains, but also the importance of critically assessing such sources, especially when they deal with activities attracting social stigma such as cannibalism and ‘deviant’ beliefs concerning ways of dealing with the dead.


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The Depositional History of the Callao FossilArmand Salvador Mijares

Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines

The 67k hominid fossil recovered at Callao Cave in 2007 is a major fossil discovery for the Southeast Asian region. It is paramount to understand how the fossil was deposited and other subsequent movement or deposition, to its preservation. In this paper, we will discuss different approaches used to reconstruct the depositional history of the hominid fossil. These include Bulk sampling, granulometry, chemical analysis and soil micromorphology. The data generated from different excavations from 1980 to 2015, will also be used to understand stratigraphic correlations across the Callao ante-chamber


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A Human skeleton in Thang Long citadel, Hanoi, Vietnam: A case of 09.BD. E27.Mo.040Minh Tran

Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam [email protected]

In 2009, Vietnamese anthropologists found nearly one hundred burials in Thang Long citadel, Hanoi. This paper will focus on one burial in particular, burial 09.BD. E27.Mo.040. This skeleton is relatively complete and was buried with two vessels dated to the 9th – 10th century. Determination of age and sex was carried out, in addition to observation of dental health. The results, presented here, give clues as to the diet and health of this individual in life.

Basing on the skull, mandible features as well as teeth wear that show this skeleton is a male at 17 – 25 years old and has Mongoloid features with shovel shape incisor. Moreover, due to not only poor oral hygiene, poor diet but also many stresses in the life, individual Mo.040 got anemial and some teeth diseases such as periodontitis, line enamel hypoplasia (LEH). It may be one of pathogens causes decrease individual life span.


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Auditory Exostosis in LB-V/3 from Liang BuaDelta Bayu Murti and Toetik Koesbardiati

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Airlangga University, Surabaya Indonesia [email protected]

Objective: to describe the pathology of auditory exostoses in individual LB - V / 3 of Liang Bua , Flores , East Nusa Tenggara , Indonesia .

Methods : identification of auditory exostoses individual pathology LB - V / 3 based on macroscopic evaluation .

Results : The second area of external acoustic meatus individual LB - V / 3 identified suffered from auditory exostoses . Allegedly the pathological conditions related to environmental activities that involve water and cold temperatures


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A 5th Millenium BP flexed inhumation from Bubog 1, Ilin Island, Mindoro OccidentalAlfred Pawlik1, Rebecca Crozier1, Philip Piper2, Riczar Fuentes1, Kate Lim1, Armand Mijares1

1 Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines2 Australia National University

Recent archaeological investigations at the Bubog rockshelter sites on Ilin Island just off the coast of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, produced evidence of stratified sequences of human habitation at the two rockshelter sites in the form of dense shell middens that date to ca. 11 ka BP onwards. Here we report on a flexed burial that was found in Bubog 1 in 2013. Burial context and direct radiocarbon-dating on tooth enamel suggests a link between flexed burial traditions of early to mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers on the Southeast Asian mainland and the Wallacean islands of the Philippine archipelago. These burials are distinctively different from the extended burials of the Neolithic, often associated with pottery and fully ground stone adzes as grave goods. We propose in this paper that the change in burial traditions at the beginning of the 5th millennium BP in mainland Southeast Asia and after ca. 4000 cal BP in the Philippines reflects the arrival of sedentary settlers rather than continuity in subsistence development.


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A Study of the Taphonomy of Non-Adult Human Remains from Ille Cave and Rockshelter Archaeological Sites in the PhilippinesJessica Pena

Archaeology Studies Program, University of the Philippines [email protected]

Opinions are somewhat divided within the archaeological literature as to the survivorship of non-adult human remains. However, to date, few studies have examined the specific preservation patterns of such skeletal material. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish taphonomic profiles of non-adult human remains from the Ille Cave and Rockshelter archaeological site in the Philippines. The assemblage will be examined for evidence of anthropogenic interference as well as more natural agents of modification. Anatomical preservation and bone representation indexes will be compared with a similar study, but in a temperate environment. This research will contribute to current discourse by providing a greater understanding of non-adult remains in the archaeological record and their bone preservation and representation patterns in tropical and humid burial environments


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Iron Mortuary Practice at Long Long Rak Cave, Northwest Thailand.Rasmi Shoocongdej, Chonchanok Samrit, Wokanya Na Nongkhai, Somthawin Sukliang

Project of Interaction between Prehistoric Populations and Environments in Highland Pang Mapha, Mae Hongson Province. Thailand Research Fund (TRF)

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Over the span of a decade, log coffins and artifacts were discovered in many caves in highland Pang Mapha, Northwest Thailand. However, as most of the sites have been completely destroyed by looters and animals, there is still a lack of good “in situ” preservation of skeletal remains within the coffins. Log Coffin Burial is part of a ritual practice associated with the Iron Age culture (ca. 2600-1100 BP) found particularly in highland Pang Mapha. The coffins, made of teaks, are generally placed on posts or logs inside the caves where are located on the limestone cliffs. Between 2014 – 2015, excavations at the Long Long Rak cave has revealed an MNI of over one hundred skeletons associated with the log coffins and grave goods for the first time. The fragments of broken human bones reflect the complexity of taphonomic processes in the cave indicating it was continuously used for many decades. Death rituals can be classified into the primary and secondary burial contexts.

This study attempts to examine the mortuary variability at Long Long Rak Cave through the temporal and spatial analyses of archaeological evidence. The results of the analysis will contribute to mortuary studies and our understanding of the cultural development of highland populations in late Southeast Asian prehistory.


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Life and Afterlife on the Coast: Burial Practices During the Neolithic – Early Iron Age in the Maritime Region, Russian Far EastAndrei V. Tabarev1, Alexander N. Popov2, Elena N. Zaletova3

1 PhD, Division of Foreign Archaeology, Head, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk, Russia

[email protected] (Corresponding author)2 PhD, Scientific Museum, Director, Fareastern Federal University,Vladivostok, Russia3 Research fellow, Scientific Museum, Fareastern Federal University,Vladivostok, Russia

Extremely rich burial complexes in shell mounds of Boisman (6500 – 4700 BP) and Yankovskaya (2800 – 2000 BP) archaeological cultures demonstrate the wide variety of causes of death within the Neolithic and Early Iron Age times in the Maritime Region, Russian Far East. This list includes the age, deadly diseases, intertribal conflicts, sacrifices for burials, sacrifices during the construction of the dwelling and monuments etc. The detailed analysis of anthropological materials brought to light additional facts about intentional cranial deformation, pathologies, particularity of nutrition, and genetic position of these two cultures in the Fareastern context. From an accumulation of all this information, we may theorize about the evolution, regional similarities and local peculiarities of rituals and violence in the Pacific perspective, including some suggestions about the sophisticated ceremonial life of the tribal elite.


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Skeletal Remains from Kalli Pachchhim ExacavationsD.P.Tewari

Department of Ancient Indian History and Archaeology, University of Lucknow

[email protected]

Burial practices in India have been traced from the Mesolithic times. Sarainahar Rai,

Damdama Variklan, Mahadaha, Baghor are the well-known sites from where complete

burials with burial goods have been unearthed. This practice continued in Copper Bronze

Age, Late Harappans, Chalcolithic Culture, Painted Grey Ware Culture and even in

Historical times.

Kalli Pachchhim, ( Lat. 260 43’ North and Long. 800 57’ East) located in Sarojininagar

Block of Sadar teslil of Lucknow district, was excavated by the author of the present

paper in two field seasons which yielded a four-fold cultural sequence of Northern Black

Polished Ware, Sunga- Kushan Period, Gupta Period and Early Medieval Periods.

During the second field season we opened nine burials in the north-eastern part of the

mound, buried in the upper strata of the mound. Some of these were in a good state of

preservation and a few others were disturbed. All the burial pits were lined with mud

and most of these were oriented north to south. There was no signature of deep injury

on any part of the body which shows that all these were buried after their natural

death or after death caused by serious illness. Normally in northern India the practice of

burring dead bodies in Hindus discontinued in this period but it is in practice in Muslims

and Christians. So far as the archaeological deposit on the mound is concerned there are

neither any signatures of Muslim period nor Muslim/ Christian population in nearby areas.

Hence it shows that this practice was continuing in this locality during 9th-10th century

A.D. It is interesting to note here that in one of the trench from the upper level of

natural deposit skeletal remains of a cub (Lion) was also found buried in embryo position.

As the site was located on the bank of a lake and it reflects that the area was covered

with forest and the cub died at the bank of the lake and was buried under earth.

This paper highlights the physical features of skeletal remains, procedure of cremation

and burial goods found along with them. It also throws light on the continuity of burial

practices in India during historical times.


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Proto-Historic Jar Burials Tradition in Northeast ThailandNaruphol Wangthongchaicharoen

Department of Archaeology, Silpakorn University, Bangkok Thailand. [email protected] ; [email protected]

Jar and urn burial traditions are one of the best known rituals identified in the Neolithic of Asia and Southeast Asia. In Thailand, specifically, most have been found associated with the remains of infants and children from the Neolithic to Late Prehistoric period (about 4000 – 2000 BP). However, in the Proto-Historic period, with pre-state societies, these rites underwent a change from a primary to a secondary burial tradition, and were common from the infants to the adult mortuary practices within the Mun and Chi valleys in Northeast Thailand. This paper aims to investigate the current controversial topics about these traditions: their origin, their dispersal and dating via a systematic literature review.


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Title: ‘Bury me with my Brethren’: Burial groups at the Manila North Cemetery Grace Barretto-Tesoro

Beauty in Death: Beads as Grave Goods of Burial Context 259, Sapilang, Ilocos Sur Pau Basilia

Ethics from the sidelines: Community perceptions and values regarding archaeological research involving human remains in the Philippines Llenel de Castro

Tracking Genetic Variation of Ancient Population in eastern Indonesia through DNA studies Toetik Koesbardiati, Achmad Yudianto, Delta Bayu Murti

Burial System in Kidang Cave, Blora Indonesia Indah Asikin Nurani, Toetik Koesbardiati, Delta Bayu Murti

Inferring past cosmologies based on the results of the Napa site burial patterns at Catanauan, Quezon province, Philippines Victor Paz & Marc Oxenham

Headhunting in the Philippines: Finding Traces of the Vanished Practice in the Archaeological Record Marie Louise Antoinette Sioco

Stories Waiting to be Told: The Ancient Burials of Santa Ana, Manila, Philippines Timothy James Vitales

Abstracts: Poster Presentations

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Title: ‘Bury me with my Brethren’: Burial groups at the Manila North Cemetery Grace Barretto-Tesoro

Archaeological Studies Program, University of the [email protected]

This paper examines burial groups at the Manila North Cemetery in the last century. I am interested in what identities are marked at death. Burial groups are usually defined by gender, age, status, religion, and ethnicity. What other factors could have influenced burial groups in the past? Why was it important for people to bury their dead with the social group the dead belonged to? I conducted a walk-survey at the cemetery and recorded eight burial groups. I define a group burial as individuals buried within a designated area explicitly marked and separated from others. I also noted that there are grave clusters based on status and age, however, each grave was individually marked. Factors such as ethnicity, occupation, membership in an organisation, and participation in a national or world event influenced inclusion in group burials. Burial groups exclusively for males were mostly based on occupation, organisation, and social activities. Expatriates, including refugees, were buried together regardless of sex. The study implies that a common experience and activity dictated burial groups. Although the dead do not bury themselves, their activities in life contribute to their burial treatment.


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Beauty in Death: Beads as Grave Goods of Burial Context 259, Sapilang, Ilocos SurPau Basilia

Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines [email protected]

In Philippine archaeology, beads are commonly recovered within burial contexts. The ubiquity of beads in burials enabled Philippine bead studies to develop analytical techniques. One of the achievements is the creation of the Bead Type Collection curated in the National Museum of the Philippines that allowed beads to be effective chronological markers. However, conclusions on burials and practices should be drawn with caution.

This study discusses the advantages and limitations of beads as grave goods. The focus is on the types of information that beads studies can or cannot provide. The study aims to contribute towards mortuary archaeology by clarifying exactly what beads can say about individual graves within the Philippine context.

Burial Context 259 from Sapilang, Ilocos Sur is used as a case study. Sapilang is a proto-historic burial site based on relative dating. The population is possibly pre-Itneg society. Although there are other burials recovered, Burial Context 259 is the only one that yielded beads in situ. The conclusions of this case study offer discussions on identity and agency through beads analysis.


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Ethics from the sidelines: Community perceptions and values regarding archaeological research involving human remains in the Philippines Llenel de Castro


Human remains have frequently played a central role in the practice, study and consumption of archaeology; providing direct and valuable information on the health, status, diet, trauma and movement of societies in the past. Archaeological work involving human remains has gained the attention of the general public and the communities in which archaeologists work. Human remains are often perceived and treated differently from the conventional archaeological context by the communities with whom archaeologists interact. These different groups exhibit a wide spectrum of values and sensitivities regarding archaeological human remains that translate to a variety of ethical standards and practices that archaeologists should be sensitive to. Therefore, the meanings placed on archaeological human remains by the different stakeholders, focusing on the voices of the communities where archaeological excavations take place, are examined in this research. The Palawan Island Paleohistoric Research Project and the Ifugao Archaeological Project, both long-term projects where excavations have revealed the presence of human remains in the archaeological context, provide an opportunity to illustrate the different perspectives and how these values can be assessed and addressed in archaeological work in the Philippine setting. Preliminary results have revealed significant differences in the perception of archaeological work on human remains depending on the ethnicity of the community members, age of and perceived relation to human remains found, among other factors.


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Tracking Genetic Variation of Ancient Population in eastern Indonesia through DNA studiesToetik Koesbardiati1, Achmad Yudianto2, Delta Bayu Murti1

1 Department of Anthropology, Airlangga University, Surabaya Indonesia2 Department of Forensic, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

[email protected]

The purpose of this study is to map the genetic variation of the ancient population of eastern Indonesia, represented by the population of Bali and Nusa Tenggara Timur (Flores and Sumba). The implication of this study is the preparation of a database on genetic variations (DNA) in the ancient population of Indonesia as an effort of reconstruction of migration in the past and the possibility of mixing of the population from the migrant population. The method used is using mtDNA 126 bp by PCR. Results of this study are compiled into a benchmark of genetic variation as the beginning of the genetic studies that will come for the benefit of a database of genetic variation, especially ancient population in Indonesia.


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Burial System in Kidang Cave, Blora IndonesiaIndah Asikin Nurani1, Toetik Koesbardiati2, Delta Bayu Murti3

1 Researcher at Archaeological Institute Yogyakarta Jl. Gedongkuning 174 Yogyakarta, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Departemen Antropologi, FISIP, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] 3 Departemen Antropologi, FISIP, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]

One of the results of the study of a prehistoric cave dwelling in the cave Kidang, Blora was finding a burial. We discovered three human remains (modern Homo sapiens). These findings provide new contributions regarding burial systems known in prehistoric man, especially during the early Holocene. All human remains show a primary burial as all body parts are still intact. Stratigraphic position of the individual findings of the first human remains located on the bottom layer, while the second and third order individuals found in relatively the same layer, which is on the top layer. But there is a difference in anatomical position among the three human remains. Stone structure accompanying the burial on three individuals was also different. This raises some problems: is Kidang cave inhabited by humans with ancestral and cultural character that is different at different times? In addition, based on the analysis of the condition of the bones and teeth of human remains,can the diet and patterns of human adaptation of Kidang cave dwellers be known.


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Inferring past cosmologies based on the results of the Napa site burial patterns at Catanauan, Quezon province, PhilippinesVictor Paz1 & Marc Oxenham2

1 Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines 2 Australian National University

The on-going excavations at Napa open site located in Tuhian, Catanauan, Bondoc Peninsula, within the Quezon province in southern Luzon, has revealed patterns of behavior connected in the way past societies treated their dead. The earliest pattern is associated with coral slab markers covering clusters of jar burials; some with grave goods. On top of the markers was a clear deposit of votive offering debris. We argue that the shape of these markers were not random nor simply utilitarian; they were shaped to look like boats. A stratigaphically younger set of burials were extended, devoid of stone markers or burial goods. The estimated age of these burials based on relative dating of associated artefacts is around 1200 to 1000 years old. This study argues that a hypothesis that the difference in behavior was due to a shift in the cosmology of the communities associated with these burial practices, perhaps separated only by a short time difference. This change in cosmology is best understood in the larger patterns observed in the Philippine archipelago and Island Southeast Asia. Presenting an initial survey of regional patterns, we infer on the likely details of such cosmologies that represent an ancestral worldview embraced in the region, and persisted in later cultures in the region.


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Headhunting in the Philippines: Finding Traces of the Vanished Practice in the Archaeological Record Marie Louise Antoinette Sioco


Headhunting is a purpose-specific activity conducted for the primary goal of taking enemy heads. The Ifugao of the Cordilleras have been documented to practice headhunting prior to the order banning the custom in the early 1900s upon the arrival of the American Government. At present, only ethnographic records on headhunting in the Philippines are available in the literature, most of which have been written from a Westerner’s point of view. Most importantly, there are no archaeological records corroborating the ethnography of the region from an osteological perspective. This project aims to explore the human skeletal remains collection of the National Museum of the Philippines to find evidence of headhunting in the archaeological record through bioanthropological methods. The crania, mandible, and cervical vertebrae can provide valuable data on trauma patterns indicative of decapitation as these are areas most likely to suffer trauma during the act of decapitation. Analysis of the skulls may shed light on the preparations involved in the practice, as well as cultural beliefs and preferences of the groups that participated in the hunt. The results may serve to support or refute what has previously been written and what people continue to believe about the tradition, making the research an avenue for osteological and ethnographic data to converge for a better understanding of what is now a vanished and misinterpreted custom that only lives on paper and memory.


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Stories Waiting to be Told: The Ancient Burials of Santa Ana, Manila, PhilippinesTimothy James Vitales

National Museum of the Philippines [email protected]

This is an overview of the burials excavated in Santa Ana district in the city of Manila. Santa Ana is renowned for its rich cultural and archaeological heritage, situated within the urban landscape. Its archaeological fame in the Philippines can be attributed to the discovery of several burials in the area in the 1960s. Excavations during that period initially by a private research group and later by the National Museum of the Philippines have uncovered an extensive and rich burial ground, which dated from 12th to 15th century CE. This discovery presents a clear evidence of a thriving community prior to the coming of the Spaniards in the 16th century CE, a testament to the antiquity of the Manila area. The richness of these burials from the human remains and the associated grave goods to spatial organization are a good source of information in reconstructing the past community life of the region. With more extensive research initiatives we can tell the story, from the Santa Ana ancient burials, about the life in Manila around the 12th to 15th century CE.

Documents

For the love of death January 8-9th 2016asp.upd.edu.ph/files/FLOD_Abstracts.pdf · distorted, of their status in life. Therefore, the mortuary treatment of ... National Museum of