Food ChainFood Chain

Who can tell me what a Who can tell me what a food chain is?food chain is?

What is a food chain?What is a food chain?

Shows how each living thing gets its food.Shows how each living thing gets its food. Some animals eat plants and some animals eat Some animals eat plants and some animals eat

other animals. other animals. For example, a simple food chain links the For example, a simple food chain links the

trees & shrubs, the giraffes (that eat trees & trees & shrubs, the giraffes (that eat trees & shrubs), and the lions (that eat the giraffes). shrubs), and the lions (that eat the giraffes).

Each link in this chain is food for the next link. Each link in this chain is food for the next link.

Food Chain vs. Food WebFood Chain vs. Food Web

Who can tell me what the Who can tell me what the difference between a food change difference between a food change

and a food web is?and a food web is?

Chains vs. WebsChains vs. Webs

A A food webfood web is several is several food chainsfood chains put together put together that show that show many many different different organisms organisms and their and their source of source of food/energy.food/energy.

Chains vs. WebsChains vs. Webs

What is the source of energy for What is the source of energy for all food webs?all food webs?

ProducersProducers

Plants are called Plants are called producersproducers because they are because they are able to use light energy from the Sun to able to use light energy from the Sun to produce food (sugar) from carbon dioxide produce food (sugar) from carbon dioxide and water.and water.

AutotrophAutotroph: Organism that produces its : Organism that produces its own food (plants)own food (plants)

ConsumersConsumers

Animals cannot make their own food so they Animals cannot make their own food so they must eat plants and/or other animals. must eat plants and/or other animals.

They are called They are called consumersconsumers..

ConsumersConsumers

There are three groups of consumers. There are three groups of consumers. Animals that eat ONLY PLANTS are called Animals that eat ONLY PLANTS are called herbivoresherbivores

(or (or primaryprimary consumers). consumers). carnivores that eat herbivores are called carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondarysecondary

consumersconsumers carnivores that eat other carnivores are called carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiarytertiary

consumersconsumers e.g., killer whales in an ocean food web ... phytoplankton e.g., killer whales in an ocean food web ... phytoplankton

→ small fishes → seals → killer whales → small fishes → seals → killer whales Animals that eat OTHER ANIMALS are called Animals that eat OTHER ANIMALS are called

carnivorescarnivores. . Heterotroph: Organism that must consume (or Heterotroph: Organism that must consume (or

eat) its food (animals). eat) its food (animals).

DecomposersDecomposers

Then there are Then there are decomposersdecomposers (bacteria and (bacteria and fungi) which feed on decaying matter. fungi) which feed on decaying matter.

Using the simple food chain below to Using the simple food chain below to describe how energy comes from the describe how energy comes from the sun to the plants and the plants pass sun to the plants and the plants pass the energy to the organisms that eat the energy to the organisms that eat the plants and the process continues. the plants and the process continues.

Sun trees giraffes lions Sun trees giraffes lions The sun provides energy to the tree, the tree The sun provides energy to the tree, the tree

provides energy to the giraffe, and the giraffe provides energy to the giraffe, and the giraffe provides energy to the lion. provides energy to the lion.

This is the flow of energy.This is the flow of energy.

Arrange the following into a food web.Arrange the following into a food web.(Include arrows and group them by producers, consumers and decomposers)(Include arrows and group them by producers, consumers and decomposers)

Ultimate energy source!Ultimate energy source!

Producers: get energy from the sunProducers: get energy from the sun

Consumers: get energy from producersConsumers: get energy from producers

Decomposers: Breakdown dead Decomposers: Breakdown dead materials – include fungus and materials – include fungus and

bacteriabacteria

Trophic LevelTrophic Level step in a food chain or food web.step in a food chain or food web.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

CarnivoreCarnivore organism that obtains energy by eating organism that obtains energy by eating

animals.animals.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

HerbivoreHerbivore organism that obtains energy by eating only organism that obtains energy by eating only

plants.plants.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

OmnivoreOmnivore organism that obtains energy by eating both organism that obtains energy by eating both

plants and animals. plants and animals.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid diagram used to show how energy is diagram used to show how energy is

distributed in food chains of food webs.distributed in food chains of food webs.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

ProducerProducer organism that can capture energy from sunlight organism that can capture energy from sunlight

or chemicals and use it to produce food from or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph.inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

ConsumerConsumer organism that relies on other organisms for its organism that relies on other organisms for its

energy and food supply; also called a energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph. heterotroph.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

DecomposerDecomposer organism that breaks down and obtains energy organism that breaks down and obtains energy

from dead organic matter.from dead organic matter.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

Food ChainFood Chain series of steps in an ecosystem in which series of steps in an ecosystem in which

organisms transfer energy by eating and being organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.eaten.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

Food WebFood Web network of complex interactions formed by the network of complex interactions formed by the

feeding relationships among the various feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem.organisms in an ecosystem.

Understanding Level:Understanding Level: 1 2 3 41 2 3 4

Define (in your own words): Define (in your own words): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Draw:Draw:

In this food chain, the spiders are – In this food chain, the spiders are –

AA producersproducers

BB primary consumersprimary consumers

CC competitorscompetitors

DD secondary consumerssecondary consumers

Wolves and hawks are at the same Wolves and hawks are at the same trophic level because they – trophic level because they –

AA both live on landboth live on land

BB are both large mammalsare both large mammals

CC both eat primary consumersboth eat primary consumers

DD have similar hunting patternshave similar hunting patterns

Which organisms in this food web can be described Which organisms in this food web can be described as both primary and secondary consumers?as both primary and secondary consumers?

AA HawksHawks

BB WeaselsWeasels

CC RaccoonsRaccoons

DD MiceMice

Energy used by producers in a grassland Energy used by producers in a grassland food web is provided by —– food web is provided by —–

AA sunlightsunlight

BB photosynthesisphotosynthesis

CC oxygenoxygen

DD carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

In this diagram In this diagram of a marine food of a marine food web, which term web, which term describes the sea describes the sea

turtle?turtle?

AA Aquatic herbivoresAquatic herbivores

BB Autotrophic producersAutotrophic producers

CC Third-level consumersThird-level consumers

DD Primary decomposersPrimary decomposers

The diagram The diagram represents different represents different

levels of a marine food levels of a marine food pyramid. Between pyramid. Between

which two levels is the which two levels is the greatest amount of greatest amount of

energy transferred?energy transferred?

AA R and QR and Q

BB S and RS and R

CC T and ST and S

DD U and TU and T

According to this food web, which of the According to this food web, which of the following are omnivores? following are omnivores?

AA SnakesSnakes

BB RabbitsRabbits

CC MiceMice

DD GrasshoppersGrasshoppers

The diagram shows a standard pyramid of The diagram shows a standard pyramid of numbers that indicates the number of individual numbers that indicates the number of individual

organisms in a community. Which of the organisms in a community. Which of the following situations would form a pyramid following situations would form a pyramid showing more consumers than producers?showing more consumers than producers?

AA A small plot with 500 corn plants and 100 grasshoppersA small plot with 500 corn plants and 100 grasshoppers

BB One pond with 300 producers and one snakeOne pond with 300 producers and one snake

CC An 11,000 m3 lake with 75 fish and one alligatorAn 11,000 m3 lake with 75 fish and one alligator

DD One giant oak tree with 10,000 insects and 10 lizardsOne giant oak tree with 10,000 insects and 10 lizards

The diagram above is intended to show The diagram above is intended to show relationships in an ecosystem. What do relationships in an ecosystem. What do

the arrows represent?the arrows represent?AA The direction of population migrationThe direction of population migration

BB Differences in dietary habitsDifferences in dietary habits

CC Progressively smaller organismsProgressively smaller organisms

DD The direction of energy flowThe direction of energy flow

Insecticides help humans compete with Insecticides help humans compete with insects for a resource. Which resource is insects for a resource. Which resource is most likely to be preserved for humans most likely to be preserved for humans

through the use of insecticides?through the use of insecticides?

AA sunlightsunlight

BB waterwater

CC foodfood

DD airair

In this food pyramid, which level In this food pyramid, which level contains the greatest amount of energy?contains the greatest amount of energy?

AA Tertiary consumersTertiary consumers

BB Secondary consumersSecondary consumers

CC Primary consumersPrimary consumers

DD ProducersProducers

Viruses differ from bacteria in that all Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses – viruses –

AA cause insect-borne diseasescause insect-borne diseases

BB can be destroyed by antibioticscan be destroyed by antibiotics

CC have rigid cell wallshave rigid cell walls

DD must be reproduced in living cellsmust be reproduced in living cells