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SMK PUTRAJAYA PRESINT 8(1)
BIOLOGY PAPERWORK
ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM
HOW WE CAN HELP THE WORLD?
Prepared by:
BALQIS BINTI MD RUSLAN
From 4 SAINS TULEN
OBJECTIVES
The reasons why this paperwork is being done is due to several
objectives as stated below:-
To instill awareness among humans about the significances of
preservation and conservation of the ecosystem.
To make humans realize how bad are the effects of humans’
activities towards the environment.
To increase efforts on creating a safer environment for ourselves
and for the future generations.
To deduce the time for the depletion and destruction of the
environment due to various environmental problems caused by
human beings.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to introduce myself. I am Balqis
Binti Md Ruslan from Form 4 Sains Tulen and I am glad indeed to be
studying biology which is the most intriguing subject ever. Now, I have
completed a paperwork or a folio on the topic “Endangered Ecosystem”
based on the last chapter in the Form 4 Biology syllabus. I have gone
through many laughs and sobs throughout the progression in completing
this folio. Nevertheless, I felt relief and grateful of having such
wonderful companions who are my lovely Biology teacher, herself, Puan
Ratiah, my parents, my helpful friends and my siblings.
I would like to thank the mentioned people whom have been very
supportive and helpful in giving me extra information, tips and ideas to
make this work a satisfying piece. Not to forget, my headmistress, Datin
Suwarni Binti Hassan, for giving us, the students, this opportunity to do
this folio. Last but not least, thank you once again for all the
commitments and supports. May all of you live in a blissful life.
Human Activities That Endanger an Ecosystem
Human activities that threaten the ecosystem
The world’s population might reach to 10 billion in the next fifty
years. Hence, when there are increments in the number of the world’s
population, it generally means that there is an increasing demand for
shelter, food, medicine, transport and raw materials. Today, due to
expectation of modern living and industrial revolution, the world has to
confront the destruction of forests to build more houses, to being use as
plantation areas and to build roads; just to fulfill humans’ needs.
Unplanned developments and mismanagement of ecosystem give rise to
vast amounts of environmental crisis. Among those environmental
problems are greenhouse effect, global warming, pollution, soil erosion,
landslide, flashflood and ozone depletion. The human activities that we
are talking about are like agriculture, burning or combustion,
industrialization, urbanization and last but not least, deforestation.
Impact of Human Activities on the
Ecosystem
Human activities made many drawbacks to the environment. Whether
we like them or not, these cons of the human activities have made all of
us now leaving in a hardship.
The impacts can now be clearly seen by looking at our devastating
environment conditions.
What are the impacts? Let us see for ourselves….
THE IMPACT
OF HUMAN
ACTIVITIES
TOWARDS THE
ECOSYSTEM
DEFORESTATION
Large areas of forests are cleared for extracting timber or fuel
wood, agriculture needs, and for the sake of urbanization. The impacts
are enormous and outrageous. Let see what are the drawbacks of
deforestation.
a) Soil erosion flow is blocked. Thus, water flows inland and causes
flash floods in, flash floods and landslides.
When it rains for a long time especially during rainy seasons, the
top layer of soil loosens and slides down, thus causing landslides.
Clearing of trees causes the loss of tree leaves that protect the soil
from a massive impulsive force of heavy raindrops and also causes
the loss of tree roots to hold the soil in place.
The wide exposure to the raindrops’ forces, give arise to soil
erosion. Here, the top layer of soil is easily being washed away by
heavy rainfall. The eroded soil, is then, deposited in rivers or
streams.
During heavy rains, rainwater flows harshly into rivers because
there is a non-existence of retention of water by plant roots as well
as proper water catchments areas.
Due to silting in the rivers, the water flow is blocked. Thus, water
flows inland and causes flash floods in low areas.
In addition, soil erosion contributes in the depletion of minerals in
the soil, causing the land trouble to be used as a place for
cultivation.
b) Extinction of flora and fauna
The most worrying disadvantage from deforestation is the loss of
habitats for many species flora and fauna.
When this happens, there will be an increment in the rate of
extinction of plants and animals. As a result, it reduces biodiversity
and the source of food together with the sources of valuable
medicines for humans.
c) Greenhouse effect and global warming
Generally, deforestation causes weather and climatic changes.
When enormous scales of trees are cut and burnt, rainfall will be
reduced, the rate of transpiration as well as the rate of using carbon
dioxide during Photosynthesis by plants.
Clearing and burning of forests release vast amounts of greenhouse
gases including carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into the atmosphere,
which is said about 20% to 30% of all carbon dioxide gas emission
into the atmosphere for every year.
Everyone knows that carbon dioxide can prevent heat from
escaping from the atmosphere. Thus, when the level of carbon
dioxide increases, so does the global temperature. Increasing of
global temperature, giving rise to the greenhouse effect, and not to
mention, global warming too.
Increasing global temperature may result in an imbalanced
ecosystem.
FARMING
In order to fulfill the demands of today’s food supplement, large
areas of lands have been used and will be used for farming
purposes.
Excessive use of land for farming and stock rearing lead to infertile
land and may expose the soil to erosion by wind or heavy rainfalls.
Inorganic fertilisers usage in farming also results to eutrophication.
URBANISATION
Dumping of domestic waste as well as sewage discharge from
houses cause pollution.
Waste materials in landfills act as toxic substances which pollute
nearby water sources.
INDUSTRIALISATION
Industrial plants give off industrial waste and heated waste water
causing water pollution and thermal pollution.
Toxic gases released by industries contribute to a major concerning
problem; air pollution.
BURNING
Human activities like open burning of rubbish, farms and forests
release more carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere which
aggravates greenhouse effect.
Burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution as well as increase the
carbon dioxide content. As the final result, global warming will
also need to be comprehended.
THE MAJOR IMPACT OF POLLUTION
Pollution is defined as an undesirable change in the chemical,
physical and biological characteristics of the natural environment. When
there is pollution, there must be its pollutants. Now, what is pollutants?
On the other hand, pollutants are substances, any substances that is
present in an excessive amount in the environment due to human
activities. They hold damaging effects on living organisms. They might
be toxic, like pesticides or natural constituents, such as carbon dioxide.
They affect the soil, water sources as well as our atmosphere.
Generally, there are four main types of pollution which disturb our
used-to-be safe environment. What are they? They are, air pollution,
water pollution, thermal pollution and noise pollution. Let us go briefly
to every each of them.
The importance of proper management of
development activities
Way to balance the needs for resources with the needs to conserve
the natural resources.
To make a sustainable development without jeopardising or
depleting the natural resources.
Ensure that short-term gains be balance with the long-term effects
on the environment.
To exploit natural resources in a sustainable way, so these
resources can be replenished and renewed for future generations to
continue to use them.
To minimize the negative effects of development towards the
environment.
REFERENCES
M.D Norhayatee, et al, 2005 Science
Textbook