fok; fooj.kHkkjr l'kL= fgla k vkdyu - india-ava.org · 3 ntZ fd;k x;kA blls mUgsa vius cpko dk vf/kdkj Hkh ugha fey ldk ¼jruyky vkSj /khjtyky] 2006½A iqfyl ç'kklu x`g ea=ky; og

1www.india-ava.org

tcrd vijk/k laca/kh U;k; O;oLFkk

esa cM+s lq/kkj ugha fd, tk,axs rcrd

iqfyl }kjk vR;f/kd cy ç;ksx dh

?kVukvksa esa deh ugha vk,xhA

dksbZ Hkh yksdrkaf=d lekt iqfyl }kjk

iqfyl ds fy, laj{k.k dh vko';drk

ij vyx&vyx Lrjksa ij ruko eglwl

djrk gSA 'kkafr O;oLFkk vkSj vktknh]

nksuksa vko';d gSaA ,d lÙkkoknh lekt

Lora=rk ds cxSj Hkh yxHkx laiw.kZ 'kkafr

O;oLFkk gkfly dj ldrk gS] ysfdu

fcuk fdlh rjg ds fu;e ij vey

fd, iwjh rjg vktknh ikuk vlaHko

gSA yksdrkaf=d lekt vjktdrk vkSj

neu dh ijkdk"Bk ls cpus dh gjlaHko

dksf'k'k djrk gS ¼eSfuax] 2010½A Hkkjr

esa Hkh iqfyl ds lkeus ;gh pqukSrh gSA

tkus okys ukxfjdksa dh la[;k esa

t:j deh vkbZ] ysfdu {kfr dh

la[;k c<+hA

Hkkjr ds dkuwu ds rgr iqfyl

vQljksa dks fxj¶rkjh dh fo'ks"k

foosdxr 'kfä;ka nh xbZa gSaA

oSls rks iqfyl fgalk vkSj vR;kpkj

ij Lora= vkadM+s miyC/k ugha gSa]

ysfdu cy dk fu;fer bLrseky

eqBHksM+ ekSr dh ?kVukvksa esa fn[kkbZ

nsrk gS & tks iqfyl ds vuqfpr

vkpj.k dk xaHkhj y{k.k gSA

iqfyl }kjk cy ç;ksx ds xyr

bLrseky ij fu;a=.k ds fy, lcls

egRoiw.kZ lq/kkj 1993 jk"Vªh;

ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx ls vk,A

gekjs ns'k esa ,slh dbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh

felkysa fey tk,axh ftlesa iqfyl

}kjk fd, x, cy ç;ksx dks tk;t

eku fy;k tkrk gSA njvly] ,d

yksdrkaf=d lekt esa Hkh iqfyl dks

ukxfjdksa ij ncko Mkyus ds fy, cy

ç;ksx djus dk dkuwuh vf/kdkj çkIr

gS ¼DyksdlZ] 1985½A pwafd iqfyl bl

cy dk vuqfpr ç;ksx Hkh dj ldrh gS]

blfy, ;s vR;ar vko';d gS fd cy

dk de&ls&de ç;ksx fd;k tk, vkSj

cyç;ksx dks çJ; nsusokys vQljksa dks

mÙkjnk;h Hkh cuk;k tk,A

Hkkjr esa rdjhcu 24 yk[k efgyk,a vkSj

iq#"k iqfyl esa gSa ¼vkbZvkbZ,l,l] 2011(

,ulhvkjch] 2011½A mudk dke Hkkjrh;

lafo/kku vkSj dkuwu ds rgr vkrk gS]

vkSj vkarfjd fu;eksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa

}kjk cy ds ç;ksx dks fu;fer fd;k

x;k gS ftlls dqN [kkl ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa

gh vkf/kdkfjd :i ls cy dk bLrseky

fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu Hkkjr ds

jk"Vªh; ,tsaMs esa iqfyl lq/kkjksa dh

vko';drk dks c<+k, tkus ij yxkrkj

lgefr cu jgh gSA

bl b';w czhQ ds dqN vge fu"d"kZ bl

çdkj gSa%

fgalk vkSj muds çHkqRo dks feyus

okyh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy,

iqfyl iwjh rjg çf'kf{kr ugha gSA

mudh ru[okg vkSj lqfo/kk,a de gSa]

ftlls Hkz"Vkpkj dks c<+kok feyrk

gSA

2004 esa gqbZ iqfyl Qk;fjax dh

?kVuk,a 791 Fkha tks 2010 esa c<+dj

1]421 gks xbZaA bu ?kVukvksa esa ekjs

,d dBksj gkFk

Hkkjr dh iqfyl }kjk cy ç;ksx

fo"k; fooj.kHkkjr l'kL= fgalk vkdyu

vad 3 flracj 2012

vçSy 2012 esa Jhuxj esa vKkr canwd/kkfj;ksa dh xksyh ls 'kghn gq, iqfyl vf/kdkjh dh llEeku fonkbZ

© rkSlhQ eqLrQk@,,Qih QksVks

Le‚y vkElZZ losZ fo"k; fooj.k vad 3 flracj 20122

fxj¶rkfj;ka ¼fçosafVo vjsLV½ djus dk

Hkh vf/kdkj gS ftlls Hkfo"; esa gksus

okys mu vijkf/k;ksa ij jksd yxkbZ tk

lds ftuij 'kd gSA naMfo/kku lafgrk

dh /kkjk 151 ds rgr%

,d iqfyl vQlj--- ftls fdlh laKs;

vijk/k dh ;kstuk dh tkudkjh gks--- ;k ml

O;fä dh tkudkjh gks tks ;s ;kstuk cuk jgk

gS] vkSj ,slk yxs fd fdlh vkSj rjhds ls

vijk/k dks jksdk ugha tk ldrk rks og ml

O;fä dks fxj¶rkj dj ldrk gSA

blds vykok] vnkyrksa us ;s Lohdkj

fd;k gS fd%

;g ekuuh; U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkj{ks= ds fy,

[kqyk ugha gS --- ;s loky mBkuk fd D;k

okLro esa iqfyl vf/kdkjh }kjk bl [kaM ds

rgr mBk;k x;k dne mfpr Fkk ;k ughaA

blls lacaf/kr foosd iwjh rjg ls iqfyl

vf/kdkjh esa fufgr gS vkSj bl foosd ij

loky ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS ¼xqIrk] 1949½A

bl rjg ;s QSlyk fd fdlh O;fä us

vijk/k fd;k gS ;k ugha] iwjh rjg

lacaf/kr iqfyl vf/kdkjh ij NksM+ fn;k

tkrk gS ¼oekZ] 1997] i`-la- 68&69½A

fQj Hkh] Hkkjrh; vnkyr iqfyl }kjk

cy ç;ksx ds ekeyksa dks ysdj l[r

jgs gSaA gkykafd dqN ys[kdksa dk ;s Hkh

dguk gS fd vnkyrsa iqfyl ls

xSjokftc vis{kk,a j[krh gSa%

;fn mUgksaus ¼iqfyl us½ de cy dk ç;ksx

fd;k rks muij drZO;P;qr gksus dk vkjksi

yxsxk] ;fn os ?kkrd cy dk ç;ksx djrs gSa

rks muij gR;k dk vkjksi yxsxk ¼vkLFkkuk

,oa fueZy] 2010½A

fdlh vfu;af=r HkhM+ ij dkcw ikus ds

fy, ?kkrd cyksa dk ç;ksx dSls fd;k

tk,] dje flag cuke gjn;ky flag

¼lh,yts 1979] 1211½ esa ;s fu/kkZfjr

fd;k x;k gSA vnkyr us dgk fd HkhM+

dks frrj&fcrj djus ds fy, cyç;ksx

djus dk fu.kZ; ysus ls igys ,d

eftLVªsV dks bu rhu vko';d 'krksaZ dks

vo'; /;ku esa j[kuk gksxk%

igyk] ,df=r HkhM+ fgalk djus ds

edln ls tqVh gks ;k ikap ;k ikap

ls vf/kd yksxksa dk tekoM+k

lkoZtfud 'kkafr esa [kyy Mkyus ds

tkrk gS ftlls^fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud

vf/kdkj ds rgr tek gq, yksxksa ds fy,

pksV] vojks/k [krjk ;k eqlhcr dh

fLFkfr iSnk djrk gSA* blds lkFk]

Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kkjk 143 ,d

dk;Zdkjh eftLVªsV dks ,slh ifjfLFk;ksa

ds nqgjko ;k mls tkjh j[kus ij ikcanh

yxkus dk vf/kdkj çnku djrh gSA

naMfo/kku lafgrk dh /kkjk 144 esa ,sls

fdlh Hkh dke ij çfrca/k jgrk gS

ftlls ^lkotZfud 'kkafr esa fo?u iM+rk

gks] ;k naxs ;k gaxkes dh fLFkfr curh

gks* ¼jruyky vkSj /khjtyky] 2006½A

bl rjg] bu dkuwuh çko/kkuksa us

iqfyl dks dbZ 'kfä;ka ns j[kh gSa ftuesa

O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus ds fy, fdlh Hkh

vuf/k—r tekoM+s dks fNrjkus ds fy,

cy ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Hkkjrh; dkuwu esa iqfyl vQljksa dks

fxj¶rkjh dh vlk/kkj.k fo'ks"k 'kfä;ka

nh xbZ gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] naMfo/kku

lafgrk ds varxZr iqfyl dks fxj¶rkjh

dh lkoZykSfdd 'kfä;ka nh xbZa gSa

¼jruyky vkSj /khjtyky] 2006½A

/kkjk 41 ds vuqlkj vxj fdlh ij

^laKs; vijk/k* dk 'kd gks rks ,d

iqfyl vQlj fdlh dks fcuk o‚jaV

ds fxj¶rkj dj ldrk gSA naMfo/kku

lafgrk dh /kkjk 54 ds vuqlkj%

fcuk fdlh o‚jUV ds--- dksbZ iqfyl vQlj

fxj¶rkj dj ldrk gS--- ;fn fdlh O;fä

ij fdlh laKs; vijk/k dk ;Fkksfpr 'kd gS-

-- ¼;k½ ftlds ikl dksbZ ,slh oLrq ikbZ xbZ

gS--- tks pqjkbZ gqbZ gksus ds 'kd ds nk;js esa

vkrh gSA

bl çdkj dkuwu fxj¶rkjh dk iwjk

nkjksenkj iqfyl vQlj dh le> ij

NksM+ nsrk gSA ^;Fkksfpr 'kd* D;k gS]

;s Bhd&Bhd ugha crk;k x;k vkSj bls

^fdlh [kkl ekeys dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij

fuHkZj NksM+ fn;k x;k gS* ¼,vkbZvkj

1950½A vkxs] naMfo/kku lafgrk ds [kaM

esa bl dk;Z Lok/khurk dks vkSj foLrkj

fn;k x;k gS vkSj dgk x;k gS fd bl

[kaM ds rgr fdlh vQlj dks fxj¶rkjh

ds fy, fdlh vkSipkfjd f'kdk;r dh

vko';drk ugha gS ¼oekZ] 1997½A ;s Hkh

t:jh ugha fd fxj¶rkjh ls igys dksbZ

vijk/k gqvk gksA iqfyl dks fuokjd

Hkkjr ds 'kklu esa 'kkafr O;oLFkk cuk,

j[kus ds fy, çfrjks/kh iqfyl O;oLFkk

yxkrkj cjdjkj jgh gS ¼jk;] 1999½A

vlarqfyr vkfFkZd fodkl dh otg

ls mis{kk] çfrjks/k vkSj vU;k; tSlh

Hkkouk,a iSnk gksrh gSa] ftldh otg ls

yksx fojks/k ds fy, lM+dksa ij mrjrs

gSaA ljdkjh uhfr;ksa ds f[kykQ çn'kZu]

fodkl dh ifj;kstukvksa ds f[kykQ

jSfy;ka] vkSj /keZ vkSj tkfr ls tqM+s

fu;fer naxksa dh otg ls iqfyl ls

yxkrkj eqdkcys gksrs jgs ¼'kkg] 2002]

i`- 18; oekZ] 2007½A ,d çfrf"Br

fo}ku us ,d ckj bls ^'kklu& ç.kkyh

dk ladV* crk;k Fkk ¼dksgyh] 1990½A

chl lky ckn Hkh cgqr de cnyko

vk, gSaA Hkkjrh; iqfyl ds fy, ns'k

dh fLFkjrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, 'kklu

O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kuk lekt lsok ls

T;knk cM+k gSA tSlk fd fiNys v/;;u

esa Hkh fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k] ^ns'k esa

vlSfud iqfyl cy dk vkn'kZ ¼vHkh

rd½ gkfly ugha fd;k tk ldk gS*

¼nkl vkSj oekZ] 1998] i`- 365½A

dkuwu çorZu dk dkuwuh

vk/kkj

lSdM+ksa lkyksa rd Hkkjr ij jkt dj

jgs fczfV'k 'kkldksa dks bl ckr dk Mj

lrkrk jgk fd bruh cM+h vkcknh okyk

ns'k dHkh mudk vkf/kiR; Lohdkj ugha

djsxkA rc ls gh HkhM+ }kjk fd;k

tkusokyk fojks/k&çn'kZu Hkkjrh; 'kklu

dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk cu x;k gSA

vaxzsth 'kklu ds fy, 1857 ds xnj ds

ckn lÙkk dks [kks nsus dk [krjk muij

gkoh gks x;k] blfy, 1861 esa fczfV'k

jkt dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, iqfyl

dkuwu cuk;k x;kA

1860 dh Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk

¼vkbZihlh½ esa vaxzstksa us miæoh HkhM+ ij

fu;a=.k ds fy, iqfyl }kjk dkjZokbZ ds

fy, dqN çko/kku lqfuf'pr fd,A rc

ifjHkkf"kr dh xbZ xSjdkuwuh rjhds ls

tek gqbZ HkhM+ ds fy, 1898 dh

Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kkjk 129 esa HkhM+

dks frrj&fcrj djus çko/kku cuk;k

x;k ¼jruyky vkSj /khjtyky] 2006½A

vkbZihlh dh /kkjk 268 ds rgr fdlh

Hkh ,sls dke dks lkoZtfud mRikr ekuk

3www.india-ava.org

ntZ fd;k x;kA blls mUgsa vius

cpko dk vf/kdkj Hkh ugha fey ldk

¼jruyky vkSj /khjtyky] 2006½A

iqfyl ç'kklu

x`g ea=ky; og dsUæh; ,tsalh gS

ftlij ns'k dh vkarfjd lqj{kk vkSj

dkuwu dks veyh tkek igukus dk

nkjksenkj gSA ysfdu lafo/kku us

lkoZtfud 'kkafr vkSj iqfyl dks jkT;

lwph dh lkroha vuqlwph esa Mkyk gS

¼Hkkjr ljdkj] 2010ch½ & ftlesa jkT;ksa

dks iqfyflax dh ftEesnkjh nh xbZ gS &

tcfd dsUæ ljdkj ij ckgjh

vkØkedrk vkSj vkarfjd xM+cfM+;ksa ls

fuiVus dh ftEesnkjh gSA jkT; vkSj

dsUæ ljdkj] nksuksa ds ikl dbZ rjg

dh lqj{kk ,tsafl;ka gSaA pwafd vkarfjd

'kkafr dks HkkSxksfyd –f"V ls ugha ckaVk

tk ldrk] blfy, dsUæ ljdkj dsUæ

vkSj jkT; ds Lrjksa ij vge uhfr;ksa ds

fu/kkZj.k esa vge Hkwfedk vnk djrh gSA

lafo/kku dh lkroha vuqlwph dh çFke

lwph ds laoS/kkfud çko/kku dsUæ ljdkj

dks vkarfjd lqj{kk ds fy, dkuwu

vf/kdkj gS tks lkoZtfud {ks= dh

laifÙk ds f[kykQ fdlh çdkj ds

vijk/k esa fyIr gksrs gSaA v/kZlSfud cyksa

lesr l'kL= cyksa ds fo'ks"kkf/kdkj

dkuwu 1958 ds rgr fcuk o‚jUV

fxj¶rkjh vkSj xksfy;ka pykdj ekjus

dk naMeqä O;kid vf/kdkj gS ¼oekZ ,oa

lqczefu;e] 2009½( ,ulh,pvkj] 2012]

i`- 10½A Þv'kkar {ks=ksaß tSls tEew&d'ehj

vkSj iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa esa ;s dkuwu vHkh

Hkh ç;ksx esa gS] ftlesa ^vDlj naMeqfä

ekuokf/kdkjksa ds mYya?ku dk dkj.k

curh gS*A ¼,u,pvkjlh] 2011] i`- 2½

,slk dksbZ çek.k ugha gS fd iqfyl

fgalk dk Mj de gqvk gSA iqfyl ij

vfo'okl vc Hkh ,d cM+k lkoZtfud

eqík gSA tSlk fd ;gka fn[kk;k x;k gS]

vnkyrsa vkSj ;gka rd dh dsUæ ljdkj

Hkh yxkrkj iqfyl dh 'kfä;ksa ij loky

mBk jgh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d

vlk/kkj.k ekeys esa] vka/kz çns'k ds mPp

U;k;ky; us ik;k fd iqfyl dkjZokbZ esa

gqbZ ,d ekSr ds ekeys esa 'kkfey

iqfylokys ds f[kykQ gR;k dk ekeyk

fy, gqvk gksA

nwljk] ,d dk;Zdkfj.kh eftLVªsV

¼,DtsD;qfVo eftLVªsV½ gh HkhM+ dks

gVkus dk vkns'k ns ldrk gS

rhljk] ,sls vkns'kksa ds ckotwn vxj

HkhM+ ogka ls uk gVs rks

Hkkjr tSls yksdrkaf=d ns'k esa

jktuSfrd çn'kZudkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ

cyç;ksx oSls Hkh fookfnr gks tkrk gSA

vDlj eftLVªsV gh cyç;ksx ds vkns'k

nsus ls badkj dj nsrs gSa ¼C;qd] 2007½A

,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk iqfyl dh dkjZokbZ

ij vlj iM+rk gS D;ksafd cgqr cM+h

HkhM+ ls iqfyl vf/kdkjh vDlj vfHkHkwr

gks tk;k djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,]

jktLFkku esa nks iqfylokys ljdkj dh

vkj{k.k uhfr ds f[kykQ fojks/k&çn'kZu

dj jgs xqTtj leqnk; ds yksxksa dh

fgalk dk f'kdkj gq,A ¼flQh U;wt] 2008½A

gkykafd] dqN iqfyl ,tsafl;ka]

tSls dsUæh; vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk cy

¼lhvkbZ,l,Q½] dks fcuk fdlh o‚jUV ds

,sls yksxksa dks fxj¶rkj djus dk

21 ebZ 2012 dks ubZ fnYyh esa çn'kZudkfj;ksa dks fu;af=r djrh iqfyl © lTtkn gqlSu@,,Qih QksVks


fdlh vuq'kklukRed dkjZokbZ ds Mj

ds cxSj eq¶r Hkkstu vkSj lqfo/kkvksa dk

[kqysvke xSjokftc bLrseky gksrk gSA

O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus ds fy, fofo/k

çdkj ds iqfyl cyksa dks rS;kj djus dh

vuqefr çnku djrs gSa ¼Hkkjr ljdkj]

2010 ch½A

foxr o"kksaZ esa tkap] [kqfQ;k] vkSj fof'k"V

lewgksa dh leL;kvksa ds fuiVkjs ds fy,

fo'ks"k iqfyl cyksa dks tksM+k x;k gSA

lHkh 28 jkT;ksa ds ikl viuh l'kL=

iqfyl cVkfy;usa gSa ftUgsa v/kZlSfud

cyksa dh rjg O;ofLFkr fd;k x;k gSA

tSlk fcgkj esa ns[kk x;k gS] dksf'k'k

iqfyl ds lSU;hdj.k dh gS] tgka ,slh

bdkbZ;ksa dks fcgkj fefyVªh iqfyl dk

uke fn;k x;k gSA flfoy iqfyl esa Hkh

rFkkdfFkr vkjf{kr iqfyl cVkfy;u

gSa] tks gj ftys esa ekStwn gSa ¼oekZ vkSj

lqczefu;e] 2009½A

iqfyl }kjk cyç;ksx ds

dkjd

ns'k ds dqN fgLlksa esa Hkkjrh; iqfyl

dks cM+s Lrj ij naxksa vkSj v'kkafr dk

lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA /kkfeZd] tkrh;]

{ks=h;] Hkk"kk;h vkSj oxhZ; varj ds uke

ij dbZ ckj fgalk gqbZ gS( jktuhfrd

ny gM+rkyksa vkSj can dk vkºoku djus

ls ugha pwdrs ¼jhfMQ U;wt] 2010½A

mnkgj.k ds fy, d'ehj esa dbZ ,sls

vyxkooknh xqV gSa tks fgalk ds fy,

yksxksa dks mdlkrs gSa vkSj iqfyl us

bldk tokc mxz HkhM+ ij xksfy;ka

pykdj fn;k gS ¼Lokeh] 2010½A

urhtru] tEew vkSj iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr lesr

;s {ks= vR;f/kd jkT; 'kfä dk çrhd

cu x;k gS ¼vks,llh,pvkbZvkj] 2012½A

mxz HkhM+ vkSj fgald çn'kZu ;gka brus

vke gSa fd yksx bls Hkkjrh; yksdra=

dk i;kZ; ekuus yxs gSa ¼VsyhxzkQ]

2010½A ;s lkjh fLFkfr;ka iqfyl }kjk

ckjackj cyç;ksx dk dkj.k curh gSaA

bldh otg ls iqfyl ds f[kykQ vke

turk dk xqLlk c<+rk tkrk gS ¼dqekj

vkSj oekZ] 2008½A

naMeqfä dh laL—fr

tgka gj jkst iqfyl dks vius çHkqRo

ds f[kykQ Vdjkoksa vkSj pqukSfr;ka dk

lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] ogka mUgsa

feyusokyh ru[okg vkSj

lqfo/kk,a cgqr de gSa ¼oekZ] 1999½A

Hkkjr esa dkuwu çorZu dk eq[; psgjk iqfyl gSA ;s ,tsalh eq[;r% iqfyl LVs'kuksa esa rSukr jkT;

iqfyl cyksa vkSj l'kL= ftyk iqfyl ls feydj curh gSA 2010 esa flfoy iqfyl esa 12]23]319

iqfylokys dk;Zjr FksA fiNys dqN lkyksa esa flfoy iqfyl dh la[;k c<+h gS] ysfdu cgkyh esa

vkusokyh pqukSfr;ksa dh otg ls ;s la[;k vkf/kdkfjd la[;k ls vHkh Hkh de gS] ftlesa 16]18]198

rSukrh ds cnys flQZ 75 çfr'kr rSukrh gh gqbZ gSA ;gh gky ns'k dh ckdh l'kL= iqfyl

,tsafl;ksa dk gSA 2010 esa budh la[;k 3]56]992 Fkh ;kfu 2009 ls blesa 4-2 çfr'kr dk btkQk

gqvk Fkk] ysfdu 4]26]879 dh vkf/kdkfjd la[;k ls ;s la[;k vHkh Hkh cgqr de gS ¼,ulhvkjch]

2011] i`- 167½A

'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk vkSj cqf)thfork ds fygkt ls Hkh iqfylokyksa dh rSukrh ,d cM+h leL;k gSA

iqfyl usr`Ro ds mPpre Lrj ij Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok ¼vkbZih,l½ ds 4]720 vQlj ekStwn gSa

¼x`g ea=ky; 2010] i`- 131½A dfBu çfr;ksfxrk ijh{kkvksa ls pqudj vk, ;s vQlj fof'k"V ekus

tkrs gSaA ysfdu ;gh ckr 12 yk[k lk/kkj.k iqfyl d‚ULVscyksa ds ckjs esa ugha dgh tk ldrh] tks

vkerkSj ij f'k{kk vkSj ru[okg nksuksa ds fygkt ls csgn detksj ekus tkrs gSaA

iqfyflax dk ?kuRo ns'k ds vyx&vyx {ks=ksa esa Hkh vyx&vyx gSA us'kuy Økbe fjd‚MZ~l C;wjks

ds vuqlkj çfr ,d yk[k dh vkcknh ds fy, vkSlru 133 iqfylokys gSa ¼,ulhvkjch] 2011]

i`- 171½A ysfdu bl jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls {ks=h; fofo/krkvksa dk irk ugha pyrkA vyxkookn ls

çHkkfor jkT;ksa] [kkldj d'ehj vkSj iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa esa iqfyl dk QSyko lcls vf/kd gS( fetksje

esa çfr ,d yk[k dh vkcknh ij 1]065 iqfylokys ekStwn gSa tcfd ef.kiqj esa ;s vuqikr çfr ,d

yk[k ij 871 dk gSA xaHkhj uDlyh leL;kvksa okys jkT;ksa esa iqfylokyksa dh la[;k cgqr de gS]

tks vkf/kdkfjd çkFkfedrkvksa ij çdk'k Mkyrh gSA ;s nj fcgkj esa lcls de gS] 2010 esa çfr

yk[k dh vkcknh ds fy, flQZ 64 iqfylokys rSukr Fks ¼,ulhvkjch] 2011] i`- 168½A

flfoy iqfyl vkSj l'kL= iqfyl ds vykok Hkkjr ds 28 jkT;ksa vkSj 7 dsUæ'kkflr çns'kksa dh

vf/kdkj lhek esa dqy lkr jk"Vªh; iqfyl cy ¼lsUVªy iqfyl QkslZ½ 'kkfey gSa] tks x`g ea=ky;

ds rgr vkrs gSaA j{kk ea=ky; vkSj jsyos dh Hkh viuh Lora= dkuwu çorZu ,tsafl;ka gSaA dqy

feykdj Hkkjr esa dqy pkSchl yk[k efgyk,a vkSj iq#"k vkf/kdkfjd rkSj ij iqfyl dh lsok esa

rSukr gSa ¼uhps rkfydk ns[ksa½A

,d dqy vkdyu esa flfoy fMQsal fjtoZ v‚xZukbts'ku vkSj gksexkMZ fjtoZ v‚xZukbts'ku dks

Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftuesa ls igyh ,tsalh j{kk ea=ky; ds rgr gS vkSj nwljh x`g

ea=ky; ds rgrA ;s 5]00]000 Lo;alsfo;ksa ds oSls ukxfjd lewg gSa tks jk"Vªh; vkikrdky esa lsuk

vkSj iqfyl dh enn djrs gSa ¼vkbZvkbZ,l,l 2011] i`- 242( cæh&egkjkt] 2001½A

¼c‚Dl ,sj‚u dkiZ }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k½

c‚Dl 1 Hkkjr dh dkuwu çorZu ,tsafl;ka

blds vykok] iSls ds vHkko ls tw> jgh

jkT; ljdkjsa i;kZIr lalk/ku Hkh eqgS;k

ugha djk ikrhaA iqfyl ds ikl i;kZIr

,tsalh ea=ky; la[;k

flfoy iqfyl jkT; vkSj uxjikfydk 12]23]319

l'kL= iqfyl jkT; vkSj uxjikfydk 3]56]992

vle jkbQYl x`g ea=ky; 63]883

lhek lqj{kk cy ¼ch,l,Q½ x`g ea=ky; 2]08]422

dsUæh; vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk cy ¼lhvkbZ,l,Q½ x`g ea=ky; 94]347

dsUæh; lqj{kk iqfyl cy ¼lhvkjih,Q½ x`g ea=ky; 2]29]699

Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl ¼vkbZVhchih½ x`g ea=ky; 36]324

jk"Vªh; lqj{kk xkMZ ¼,u,lth½ x`g ea=ky; 7]357

l'kL= lhek cy ¼,l,lch½ x`g ea=ky; 31]554

j{kk lqj{kk dksj ¼fMQsal lsD;ksfjVh dksj½ j{kk ea=ky; 31]000

jsyos lqj{kk cy jsyos ea=ky; 70]000

jk"Vªh; jkbQYl j{kk ea=ky; 65]000

dqy iqfyl deZpkjh 24]17]897

rkfydk 1 Hkkjr dh eq[; iqfyl ,tsafl;ka] 2010 lzksr% vkbZvkbZ,l,l] i`-241&2( ,ulhvkjch] 2011] i`- 167&8

5www.india-ava.org

;s Hkh vc eqf'dy vkSj vyx&Fkyx

iM+ xbZ gSA bldh otg ls iqfyl

deZpkfj;ksa dh Bhd ls fuxjkuh ugha gks

ikrh vkSj ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk

tokcnsgh fn, tkus ls ;s cprs gSaA

vi;kZIr çf'k{k.k

iqfyl deZpkfj;ksa dk çf'k{k.k Hkh cgqr

[kjkc gkyr esa gSA blds fy, uk

dksbZ ekud r; gSa vkSj uk çf'k{kd gh

miyC/k gSaA dbZ çf'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa

rks ewyHkwr lqfo/kk,a Hkh ugha gSaA dqN

jkT;ksa] tSls fcgkj esa] rks vHkh rd dksbZ

Vªsfuax vdkneh ugha [kksyh tk ldrh

gSA ckdh jkT;ksa ds Vªsfuax laLFkkuksa ij

Hkh /;ku ugha fn;k tkrkA cyç;ksx]

U;kf;d çfØ;kvksa dh tkudkjh vkSj

turk ls ckrphr ds rjhdksa ij cgqr

vlarks"kçn vkSj FkksM+h&cgqr Vªsfuax nh

tkrh gSA iqfyl deZpkfj;ksa dh ekStwnk

Vªsfuax ij ukxfjd lekt ds çfr mudh

ftEesnkfj;ksa ls T;knk cy ç;ksx dk

çf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gS ¼eq[kthZ] 2003½A

dsUæh; iqfyl cyksa dh Vªsfuax mPp

Lrj dh gS] blfy, D;ksafd lhih,Q ds

ikl lsuk dh rjg csgrj lalk/ku gSa]

tgka çf'k{k.k ij tksj fn;k tkrk gSA

dsUæh; vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk cy us jk"Vªh;

vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk vdkneh dh LFkkiuk

dh tgka vkS|ksfxd dkuwu vkSj

ç'kklu fxus&pqus vQljksa dks yksxksa

ds fy, QSlys nsus dh vuqefr nsrk Fkk

¼fxzfQFl] 1971½A tgka ç'kkld dkuwu

ls c<+dj gksa] ogka muds Hkz"V vkpj.k

vkSj fueZerk ds f[kykQ f'kdk;r dh

xqatkbZ'k gh ugha FkhA ;s laxButU;

rjhdk] ç'kklu dk xSjftEesnkjkuk joS;k

vkSj ukxfjdksa ls tkucw>dj c<+kbZ xbZ

nwjh gh iqfyl }kjk cy ds nq#i;ksx dk

dkj.k cuhA

yksxksa dh ctk, lÙkk dks lsok,a çnku

djus ij tksj 1947 esa Lora=rk çkfIr

ds ckn Hkh pyrk jgkA vkt Hkh lHkh

iqfyl deZpkjh ukxfjd leqnk;ksa ls

vyx&Fkyx cus jgrs gSaA iqfyl dh

bekjrsa vHkh Hkh mruh gh çHkko'kkyh

yxrh gSa fd yxrk gS] mUgsa turk

dh lsok ds fy, ugha cfYd muls nwjh

c<+kus ds fy, cuk;k x;k gS ¼oekZ vkSj

lqczefu;e] 2009½A

Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok }kjk iqfyl usr`Ro

çnku fd;k tkrk gS] ftuds gkFkksa esa

yk[kksa iqfyl deZpkfj;ksa ds dke&dkt]

O;ogkj vkSj cyç;ksx dh deku gSA

vkbZih,l esa Hkh naMeqfä dh laL—fr

fodflr gks xbZ gS ¼us'kuy çkstsDV v‚u

çhosafVax V‚pZj bu bafM;k] 2008½A

lS)kafrd rkSj ij U;k;ikfydk iqfyl

dkjZokbZ dks fu;af=r djrh gS] ysfdu

LVs'ku] xkfM+;ka] lapkj ds midj.k] vkSj

;gka rd fd t:jh lqj{kk dop Hkh ugha

gSaA xzkeh.k bykdksa esa [kkldj lM+dksa

vkSj lapkj O;oLFkk ds vHkko dh otg

ls iqfyl lqj{kk vkSj ugha miyC/k djkbZ

tk ldrhA bldh otg ls mxzoknh

iqfyl fuxjkuh ls eqä [kqysvke ?kwe

ldrs gSa ¼fe=k] 2007½A ;s vyxko]

xjhch vkSj lapkj dk vHkko ^'k‚VZdV*

jkLrs ysus dk ekxZ ç'kLr djrk gSA

iqfyl }kjk cy ç;ksx ,d ,slh

laxButU; laL—fr dk fgLlk gS tgka

blds nq#i;ksx dks cnkZ'r fd;k vkSj

c<+kok fn;k tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; iqfyl

cy dks bl rjg rS;kj fd;k x;k Fkk

fd blij dksbZ LFkkuh; tokcnsgh uk

gksA fczVh'k jkt esa Hkkjr ij ^t:jr

iM+us ij funZ;rk ls rkdr ds ç;ksx* ds

cy ij 'kklu fd;k x;k ¼xqIrk] 1979]

i`- 3½A 1857 ds xnj ds rktk t[eksa ds

lkFk 1860 ds iqfyl deh'ku esa fczVh'k

ljdkj ds v/khu Hkkjr ds fy, ,d ubZ

iqfyl O;oLFkk rS;kj dh xbZA deh'ku

dks /;ku esa j[kus dks dgk x;k fd

îqfyl dk dke ;k rks laj{kkRed Fkk

;k fQj neudkjh ;k xqIrpjh* vkSj ^,d

ukxfjd cy ds laj{kkRed vkSj

neudkjh dk;ksaZ ds chp dh js[kk 'kq)

:i ls lSU;kRed gS ;k ugha] Hkkjr esa

ges'kk bls iwjh rjg Li"V ugha fd;k tk

ldrk* ¼gaVj] 1907] i`- 380½A fczfV'k

jkt esa Hkkjr esa ^yksxksa ds fy, iqfyl*

ds vfLrRo dks derj vkadk x;k FkkA

urhtru fczfV'k 'kklu esa laxButU;

laL—fr vkSj rjhdksa esa fcuk fdlh loky

ds çHkqRo ij tksj fn;k x;k vkSj jSadksa

esa Hkh Hkz"Vkpkj dks c<+kok fn;k x;kA

ekStwnk iqfyflax laL—fr dh tM+sa fczVh'k

jkt ds rkSj&rjhdksa esa [kkst fudkyh

tk ldrh gSa] tgka lkgc vkSj eselkgc

fo'kkydk; caxyksa esa vnZfy;ksa dh tekr

ds lkFk jgrs Fks ¼oekZ] 1999] i`- 271½A

vaxzstksa us vLirky vkSj Ldwy de

cuok, ysfdu iqfyl ds fy, bekjrsa

dbZ vkSj çHkko'kkyh cuokbZa ¼esVdkQ]

1994] i`- 177&9½A lhfu;j vQljksa

dk rke&>ke muds çHkqRo dk lwpd

FkkA lqcg gksusokyh ijsM vkSj lykeh]

l'kL= xkMZ vkSj igjsnkj vQljksa dh

çfr"Bk c<+k;k djrs FksA blds lkFk gh]

31 ebZ 2012 dks Jhuxj ds toku iqfyl vdkneh esa vius çeq[k dqynhi [kksMk ds fonkbZ lekjksg ds fy, tek gq,

iqfyldehZA ,d LFkkuh; vnkyr us rhu ukxfjdksa ds fj'rsnkjksa }kjk nk;j dh xbZ ;kfpdk dks [kkfjt dj fn;k]

ftlesa [kksMk ij U;k;srj ekSrksa esa 'kkfey gksus dk vkjksi FkkA © rkSlhQ eqLrQk@,,Qih QksVks


çfr'kr f'kdk;rsa iqfyl ds f[kykQ gSa*A

rkfydk 2 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd 2004

ls 2010 esa ,slh dbZ tkuysok ?kVuk,a

gqbZ gSa] vkSj ?kk;yksa dh la[;k esa Hkh o`f)

gqbZ gS] gkykafd bu ?kVukvksa esa e`rdksa

dh la[;k esa deh vkbZ gSA

tSlk fd rkfydk 3 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS]

,ulhvkjch ,slh ?kVukvksa dks iqfyl

v‚ijs'ku ds rjhds ls [kafMr djrk gSA

lkFk mHkjus okyh Hkkjrh; iqfyl dh

igpku çkFkfed rkSj ij x`g rukoksa

vkSj dkuwu ds mYya?ku ij cyç;ksx dh

'kfä ds rkSj ij gh gSA

iqfyl }kjk ?kkrd cy dk

ç;ksx

Hkkjrh; iqfyl ij vDlj vuko';d

cyç;ksx dk vkjksi yxrk jgk gSA ,sls

dbZ mnkgj.k gSa ftuls irk pyrk gS

fd iqfyl ds ckjs esa bl

/kkj.kk ds ihNs dqN&uk&dqN dkj.k gSA

iqfyl ds cyç;ksx ls tqM+s

vkf/kdkfjd vkadM+s ,ulhvkjch

}kjk miyC/k djk, tkrs gSa] tks iqfyl

deZpkfj;ksa] vijk/k] fxj¶rkfj;ksa vkSj

iqfyl&turk ds vU;ksU;fØ;k ij çdk'k

Mkyrk gSA gkykafd] bu vkadM+ksa ds fy,

,ulhvkjch fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls feyus

okyh tkudkjh ij fuHkZj gS vkSj dbZ

jkT; fjiksVZ Hkstus esa ;k rks ykijokgh

cjrrs gSa ;k fQj nsjh djrs gSaA buds

rF;ksa dh cgqr de tkap gksrh gS vkSj

buesa dbZ ckj vlaxfr;ka fn[kkbZ nsrh

gSaA ,ulhvkjch vkadM+ksa ij blls igys

ds vkbZ,oh, b';w czhQ esa foLrkj ls

ppkZ dh xbZ gS ¼dksgyh] dkiZ vkSj

ekjokg] 2011] i`- 3½A fQj Hkh]

,ulhvkjch gh iqfyl cy ls tqM+s

vkadM+s gkfly djus dk bdykSrk tfj;k

gSA

;s la[;k,a n'kkZrh gSa fd Hkkjrh; iqfyl

vDlj ?kkrd cy dk bLrseky djus dk

jkLrk vf[r;kj djrh gSA cfYd *jk"Vªh;

ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx esa ntZ gksusokyh 35

ekuokf/kdkj lesr lqj{kk esa Vªsfuax dh

fy, lHkh lqfo/kk,a miyC/k djkbZ xbZaA

baVsfytsal çfØ;kvksa] tfVy gfFk;kjksa

ds ç;ksx vkSj bysDVª‚fuDl esa çf'k{k.k

Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA ,;jiksVksaZ ij lqj{kk

c<+kus] laln vkSj vU; laosnu'khy

LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk çnku djus ds fy,

fo'ks"k çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe fodflr fd,

x, gSaA

blh rjg] Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl

vdkneh ikjaifjd ;q)] baVsfytsal]

QhYM bathfu;fjax] ohvkbZih lsD;ksfjVh]

dekaMks v‚ijs'kUl vkSj tokch dkjZokbZ

ij Hkh dkslZ djokrh gSA Xokfy;j esa

lhek lqj{kk cy vdkneh ¼ch,l,Q½

us lhek lqj{kk vkSj mlds çca/ku ds

lkFk&lkFk mxzokn ds f[kykQ tokch

dkjZokbZ vkSj ekuo lalk/ku fodkl esa

Hkh n{krk gkfly dj yh gSA vdkneh us

iquokZl vkSj iqu#)kj ij Hkh dkslZ

fodflr fd, gSa D;ksafd ch,l,Q dks

vDlj cxkor vkSj v'kkar ifjfLFkfr;ksa

dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS ¼ch,l,Q½]

2012½A

çf'k{k.k ds flyscl dks vkSj is'ksoj

cuk;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu flQZ

flyscl ls gh ml joS;s dks ugha cnyk

tk ldrk tks vfrfjä cyksa esa

çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS ¼v‚fLVu]

1999] i`- 600½A cfYd Vªsfuax dk ,d

cM+k urhtk ;s gksrk gS fd iqfyl [kqn

dks turk ds lsod ls T;knk jkT; dk

,tsaV le>rh gSA bl O;oLFkk esa ,d

rjg dk fojks/kkHkkl gS tgka Vªsfuax bl

rjg nh tkrh gS fd dbZ ckj yksxksa ds

çfr tokcnsgh ds f[kykQ tkdj jkT;

dh lsok djuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSA

laLFkkxr :i ls iqfyl cgqr 'kfä'kkyh

gksrh gS vkSj vke turk [kkdh onhZ dks

Mj ls ns[krh gSA tokcnsgh dh deh

vkSj vlk/kkj.k foosdxr 'kfä;ka çHkqRo

ds nq#i;ksx dks çksRlkfgr djrh gSA

Hkkjr esa tcls iqfyl gS rcls] bldh

'kfä dks dkuwu cukusokys vkSj eftLVªsV

Hkh iwjh rjg fu;af=r ugha dj ik,A

vf/kdka'k iqfylokys vU;k;] Hkz"Vkpkj

vkSj fueZerk dk lkFk nsrs jgs ¼dqekj

,oa oekZ] 2008½A jkT; vkSj dsUæ] nksuksa

Lrjksa ij ljdkj dh l'kL= 'kfä ds

rkfydk 2 iqfyl Qk;fjax vkSj çHkkfor ukxfjdksa

dh la[;k] 2004&2010] ,ulhvkjch dks

feyusokyh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj

o"kZ dqy

?kVuk,a

e`rdksa dh

la[;k

?kk;yksa

dh la[;k

2004 791 420 257

2005 777 355 373

2006 1]363 472 432

2007 865 250 616

2008 1]529 317 758

2009 1]280 184 490

2010 1]421 239 713

rkfydk 3 ?kVukvksa ds vk/kkj ij iqfyl Qk;fjax

2004&2010] ,ulhvkjch dks feyusokyh fjiksVZ

ds vuqlkj

o"kZ dkjZokbZ e`rd

ukxfjd

e`rd

iqfyl-

dehZ

2004

naxs 26 1

vijk/k dkjZokbZ 239 12

mxzokn dkjZokbZ 85 51

vU; 70 17

2005

naxs 44 4



vU; 67 4

2006

naxs 41 7



vU; 63 1

2007

naxs 52 5



vU; 54 0

2008

naxs 77 3



vU; 76 31

2009

naxs 20 2



vU; 63 26

2010

naxs 97 2



vU; 57 16

lzksr% ,ulhvkjch] 2011] i`- 155


7www.india-ava.org

yxk, x, pktZ dh fxurh fn[kkrh gS fd

jkT;ksa }kjk djokbZ xbZa tkap iwjh ugha gS

& ;k fQj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks bu ?kVukvksa

dh fQØ ugha gSA fgjklr esa gksusokyh

ekSr vkSj vR;f/kd cyç;ksx ls gqbZ ekSr

ds ekeyksa esa ^vkijkf/kd tkap vkSj

vijk/kdrkZ ds f[kykQ vfHk;kstu dHkh

dHkkj gh 'kq: gksrk gS* ¼vks,plh,pvkj]

2012½A îqfyl fgjklr ls cpko* dh

dksf'k'k esa dh tkusokyh vkRegR;k,a vkSj

ekSr Hkh mruh gS rdyhQnsg gSaA tgka

vkf/kdkfjd vkadM+s Hkh iqfyl dh ccZjrk

dks çekf.kr djrs gSa] ckdh lzksrksa ls irk

pyrk gS fd bldh okLrfod la[;k

cgqr vf/kd gSA tgka 2006 esa iqfyl us

fgjklr esa gqbZ ekSrksa ds 38 ekeys ntZ

fd,] ogha 1 vçSy 2006 ls 31 ekpZ 2007

ds chp jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx esa

fgjklr esa gksusokyh ekSrksa dh 119] QthZ

eqBHksM+ksa esa ekSr dh 89 vkSj xqe'kqnxh

dh 15 f'kdk;rsa feyha ¼,u,pvkjlh]

2006&7] i`- 296½A

deuosYFk áweu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo

¼lh,pvkjvkbZ½ us Hkh iqfyl ds xyr

vkpj.k ds ckotwn feyusokyh naMeqfä

dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr djk;k gSA 'kfä

dk nq#i;ksx] i{kikr] Hkz"Vkpkj] xSjdkuwuh

rjhds] vkSj cy ds vR;f/kd bLrseky ds

ekeys ntZ fd, Hkh tk,a rks uk muij

dkjZokbZ gksrh gS uk ltk nh tkrh gSA

'kks"k.k ds vke rjhds êqBHksM+* esa ekSr

¼uhps ns[ksa½] tkap ds nkSjku vR;f/kd

;a=.kk] vuqfpr fxj¶rkfj;ka] ,QvkbZvkj

ntZ djus ds fy, euk djuk] cseryc

fgjklr esa ysuk] f'kdk;rsa ntZ djus vkSj

muds tkap esa vfuPNk fn[kkuk] vkSj

QthZ lcwr nsuk 'kkfey gSa ¼lh,pvkjvkbZ]

2011½A

uk nsus ij vke yksxksa dks lrk;k tkuk

Hkh vke gSA ehfM;k esa t:j ,sls ekeyksa

dks mtkxj fd;k tkrk gSA ^vktdy

ds iqfylokyksa esa t:j ,d fdLe dh

lqLi"V vdM+ gS vkSj os fnu&c&fnu

funZ;h vkSj funZ; cy esa rCnhy gksrs

tk jgs gSa* ¼VhvksvkbZ 2010½A bl ckr

ij cgqr de yksx gh badkj djsaxs fd

iqfyl vkSj v/kZlSfud bdkbZ;ksa vkSj vU;

dkuwu çorZu ,tsafl;ksa }kjk ;a=.kk dk

[kqysvke bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA iqfyl

bls tkap dk vfHkUu fgLlk ekurh gS]

ftuesa vf/kdka'k ;a=.kk ;k /kefd;ksa ds

Mj ls vijk/k dk lp Lohdkj ysrs gSa

¼eksgu] 2008½A

áweu jkbV~l o‚p us Hkkjrh; iqfyl

}kjk ;a=.kk vkSj vuf/k—r cy ds

bLrseky ds dbZ lcwrksa ds gksus dk nkok

fd;k gS vkSj fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd ^ns'k

dh lcls –f"Vxkspj Hkqtk mruh gh

vjktd vkSj vçHkkoh gS ftruh nqfu;k

ds ckdh fiNM+s gq, mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd

ns'kksa esa ekStwn gS ¼,pvkjMCY;w] 2009]

i`- 5½A* ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd Q‚jsfUld

lcwr bdëk djus vkSj xokgksa ds c;ku

ds ctk, iqfyl dh dkjZokbZ xSjdkuwuh

rjhds ls djokbZ xbZa Lohdkjksfä;ksa ij

fuHkZj gksrh gSA iqfyl vf/kdkjh ,d

,sls ekgkSy esa dke djrs gSa tgka ,sls

rkSj&rjhdksa dks ekQ dj fn;k tkrk

gS] vkSj dbZ ckj mUgsa fgalk dk jkLrk

vf[r;kj djus vkSj ekuokf/kdkjksa dks

utjvankt djus ij etcwj fd;k tkrk

gSA

gkykafd rkfydk 4 flQZ ,slh fjiksVksaZ

dks n'kkZrh gS ftUgsa [kqn iqfyl us rS;kj

fd;k gS] vkSj bUgsa v/kwjk gh eku fy;k

tkuk pkfg,] ckotwn blds ;s dbZ

vfç; loky mBkrh gSA vQljksa ij

*,ulhvkjch dh ^vU;* Js.kh esa ,slh

fdlh ?kVuk ifjHkkf"kr ugha gS tks bl

Js.kh esa vkrh gks] ysfdu ;s çklafxd gS

D;ksafd bu ?kVukvksa esa dbZ iqfylokyksa

vkSj ukxfjdksa dh ekSr gqbZ gSA

'kkafr cuk, j[kus vkSj vijk/k ds

f[kykQ fd, tkusokys v‚ijs'kuksa ds

uke ij ekjs tk jgs ukxfjdksa dh la[;k

cgqr cM+h gSA gkykafd ,sls v‚ijs'kuksa esa

iqfyldfeZ;ksa dh Hkh ekSr gksrh gSA ,slh

yxkrkj gksusokyh ekSr fpark dk fo"k; gS

vkSj blls v'kkafr vkSj vijk/k ls

fuiVus ds iqfyl QkslZ ds joS, ij

loky Hkh mBrk gSA mxzokn ds

f[kykQ gksusokyh dkjZokbZ;ksa esa ekjs x,

iqfyldfeZ;ksa dh la[;k rLohj dk nwljk

igyw gS – Hkkjr ij vkradokn vkSj

l'kL= mxzokfn;ksa dk Hkh [krjk gSA

,slk dksbZ vkadM+k ugha tks iqfyldfeZ;ksa

}kjk v?kkrd gfFk;kjksa ds bLrseky

ij çdk'k Mkyrk gks] ysfdu ;s /;ku

nsusokyh ckr gS fd 2008 esa naxksa dh

66]018 ?kVuk,a ntZ gqbZa ftuesa rhu

iqfyldfeZ;ksa dh ekSr gqbZ vkSj 2]219

?kk;y gq, ¼,ulhvkjch] 2009] i`- 59]

158½A iqfyl LVs'ku dh Mk;fj;ksa esa

vkarfjd çca/ku ds fy, NksVh&NksVh

?kVuk,a Hkh ntZ dh tkrh gSa ftUgsa

ckgjokyksa dks miyC/k ugha djk;k

tkrkA nf{k.k Hkkjr ds ,d NksVs ls

ftys esa djk;k x;k ,d v/;;u ,d

vkSj rF; dks mtkxj djrk gSA bl

v/;;u ds eqrkfcd ekpZ 2003 ls

fnlacj 2004 ds chp 2]000 ls Hkh

vf/kd ,slh ?kVuk,a gqbZa ftuesa dkuwu

O;oLFkk esa [kyy dh laHkkouk FkhA

buesa ls iqfyl us djhc 750 ?kVukvksa esa

n[kyvankth dh vkSj ,d çfr'kr ls Hkh

de ekeys esa ?kkrd cyksa dk bLrseky

gqvk ¼dqekj] 2009½A

cyç;ksx dh ?kVukvksa dks ntZ uk fd;k

tkuk vuf/k—r tcnZLrh ds ekeyksa esa

,d cM+h leL;k gSA iSls ds fy, iqfyl

}kjk nqdkunkjksa vkSj ;gka rd fd enn

ds fy, vk, yksxksa ls jaxnkjh ekaxus dh

?kVuk,a vDlj lquus esa vkrh gSaA bUgsa

uk dgha ntZ fd;k tkrk gS uk buij

dksbZ dkjZokbZ gks ldrh gSA dbZ ckj rks

iqfylokyksa dh xSjokftc ekax ij /;ku

rkfydk 4 iqfyl fgjklr esa gksusokyh ekSr] 2006&2010] tSlk ,ulhvkjch dks fjiksVZ fd;k x;k

o"kZ fgjklr esa gksusokyh

lHkh ekSr

vkRegR;k Hkkxus dk ç;kl vQljksa ij vkjksi

2006 89 24 7 1

2007 118 31 7 7

2008 81 38 6 3

2009 84 21 8 12

2010 70 18 7 vuqiyC/k


ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tkrkA [kkldj

fnYyh vkSj eqacbZ tSls cM+s 'kgjksa esa

U;k; O;oLFkk dh vfuf'pprrk vkSj nsjh

dk gokyk nsrs gq, bls ,d lqfopkfjr

jkLrk ekuk tkrk gS ¼csywj] 2010] i`-

71½A fjlpZ n'kkZrs gSa fd vkerkSj ij

lHkh vQlj ;gh ekurs gSa fd eqBHksM+

çHkkoh gSa ¼csywj] 2010] i`- 67&78½] vkSj

dqN ekeyksa dks NksM+dj eqBHksM+ksa dks

^folkekU; dkjZokbZ* ugha ekuk x;kA

tSlk fd igys dgk x;k gS] dbZ ehfM;k

laLFkku Hkh vijkf/k;ksa vkSj vkradokn ds

lafnX/k O;fä;ksa ds f[kykQ eqBHksM+ ds

bLrseky dh odkyr djrs gSa ¼la?koh]

2010½A

vkadM+s bldk leFkZu djrs gSaA

,ulhvkjch us iqfyldfeZ;ksa ds f[kykQ

feyusokyh f'kdk;rksa vkSj bu ekeyksa

esa vQljksa ij yxusokys vkijkf/kd

vkjksiksa dh la[;k ntZ djuh 'kq: dj

nh gSA rkfydk 5 esa fiNys dqN lkyksa

ds jk"Vªh; vkadM+s gSa ftuls irk pyrk

gS fd f'kdk;rksa dh rqyuk esa vQljksa

ij gksusokyh dkjZokbZ dh la[;k fdruh

de gSA

iqfyl vQljksa ij gksusokyh dkjZokbZ dh

la[;k esa vkusokys mrkj&p<+ko ¼2004 ls

2005 rd tks c<+dj ukS xq.kk vkSj fQj

2006 esa ?kVdj bruk de gks x;k½ dh

O;k[;k djuk eqf'dy gSA gks ldrk gS]

bldh otg iqfyl }kjk dh xbZ

fjiksfVaZx esa vk, cnyko gksaA

vyx&vyx jkT;ksa esa bu la[;kvksa esa

fn[kkbZ nsusokyk varj bruk cM+k gS fd

bu #>koksa dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj nq:g gks

tkrk gSA ;s r; djuk t:jh gS fd

ntZ gqbZ f'kdk;rksa dh ;s la[;k Lohdk;Z

gS ;k ugha] vkSj fQj blij vkSj 'kks/k

djuk t:jh gS] D;ksafd vQljksa dh

la[;k esa Hkkjh varj gSA

iqfyl }kjk cyç;ksx ij

fu;a=.k ds rjhds

,slk ugha fd Hkkjr esa iqfyl lÙkk viuh

vkykspukvksa ls vufHkK gS] vkSj iqfyl

us T;knkrj bldk tokc çHkkoh HkhM+

fu;a=.k ls nsus dh dksf'k'k dh gS ¼n

fganw] 2010½A x`g ladVksa esa cy ds ç;ksx

dks de djus ds fy, dbZ rjhds viuk,

dbZ iqfyl vQljksa dks tsy Hkstk x;k

¼?kksx ,oa nkl] 2007; vkmVyqd bafM;k]

2010½A

vk'p;Z ugha fd vijk/k] xSax]

vyxkookn] mxzokn vkSj vkradokn ls

tw> jgs {ks=ksa esa gh eqBHksM+ dh ?kVuk,a

Hkh ckdh {ks=ksa ls T;knk gksrh gSa] ysfdu

vkadM+ksa dk vHkko fdlh rjg dh

Hkjkslsean rqyuk djuk vlaHko cuk

nsrk gSA ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh fofHkUurk bls

le>uk vkSj eqf'dy cuk nsrh gSA

elyu] lÙkj vkSj vLlh ds n'kd esa

mÙkj çns'k esa MdSrksa us dksgjke epk

jgk FkkA eq[;ea=h ds leFkZu ls iqfyl

us ,d vfHk;ku pyk;k ftlesa lSdM+ksa

yksx eqBHksM+ esa ekjs x,] ftuesa dbZ

ckj funksZ"k Hkh 'kkfey jgs ¼,uihlh]

1981½A vLlh ds n'kd esa tc fl[k

vyxkooknh fgalk ij mrk: gks x, rks

iatkc esa neu dk rjhdk vkSj fueZe

jgkA ds-ih-,l- fxy ds usr`Ro esa iatkc

iqfyl us vkradokn&neu ds uke ij

gtkjksa yksxksa dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkjk

¼dqekj vkSj vU;] 2003½A ;s uhfr iatkc

ls vkradokn feVkus esa dke;kc jgh]

ysfdu 1984 ls 1996 ds chp ,slh

?kVukvksa esa 25]000 yksxksa dh ekSr gqbZ]

ftlls jkT; dh dkjZokbZ dh oS/krk ij

loky mBrk gSA bl nkSjku yksxksa dh

xqe'kqnxh] eqBHksM+ksa esa mudk ekjk tkuk]

vKkr ds :i esa e`rdksa dk nkg&laLdkj

vkSj iqfyl fgjklr ls yksxksa dk Hkkx

vkuk vke ckr Fkh ¼dqekj vkSj vU;]

2003½A

eqBHksM+ksa dks Hkkjr esa ,d cM+h leL;k

eqBHksM esa ekSr

iqfyl }kjk cyç;ksx esa lcls

fparktud êqBHksM+ esa gksusokyh ekSr*

¼,DLVªkT;qfMf'k;y fdfyaXl½ gS] ftlesa

iqfyl fdlh lafnX/k O;fä dh gR;k

dj ns vkSj mls Lo&j{kk dk uke ns

nsA ,slh ekSr yacs le; ls Hkkjr ds

lkekftd&jktuhfrd Hkw–'; dk fgLlk

jgh gSA QthZ eqBHksM+ fczfV'k 'kklu ds

nkSjku Hkh gq, ¼lDlsuk] 1997½] vkSj

vktknh ds ckn HkhA lkB ds n'kd esa

iqfyl ds lkFk êqBHksM+ksa* esa gksusokyh

U;k;srj ekSrksa dks êqBHksM+ esa ekSr* dk

uke ns fn;k x;kA

Hkkjr esa iqfyl eqBHksM+ksa dks

vkf/kdkfjd rkSj ij LokHkkfod fn[kk;k

x;k gS] ,sls 'kwVvkmV ftudh dksbZ

;kstuk ugha Fkh vkSj ftlesa vkjksih

vpkud gh ekj Mkyk x;k] vkSj ftlesa

dksbZ iqfyldehZ Hkh 'kk;n gh vkgr

gqvk ¼csywj] 2007; csywj] 2010½A bl

?kkrd cy ds bLrseky dks ukxfjd

lekt] usrk vkSj ehfM;k rd vklkuh ls

Lohdkj dj ysrs gSaA eqBHksM+ksa dks laxfBr

vijk/kksa] vkradokn vkSj

vjktdrk ds f[kykQ ,d çfrfØ;k

ekuh tkrh gSA êqBHksM+ fo'ks"kK* ehfM;k

esa okgokfg;ka ikrs gSa vkSj ljdkj mudk

leFkZu djrh gSA dqN ekeyksa esa

îqfyl ;k l'kL= cyksa ds vkjksih

vijk/kdrkZvksa dks le; ls igys

inksUufr;ksa] ;k fdlh vkSj iqjLdkj ls

uoktk x;k gS* ¼vks,plh,pvkj] 2010½A

eqacbZ ds ,d iqfyl lc&baLisDVj us

vius iwjs dSfj;j esa dfFkr rkSj ij 50

ls vf/kd xSaxLVjksa dk eqBHksM+ fd;k vkSj

vku] vc rd NIiu vkSj dxkj lesr

dbZ fQYeksa esa bldk efgekeaMu fd;k

x;k ¼xqIrk] 2003; tkSgj] 2010½A iqfyl

dfe'uj ,e-,u- flag us ,slh ?kVukvksa

dh rkjhQ djrs gq, dgk fd blls

laxfBr vijk/k ij dkcw ik;k tk ldrk

gS ¼bafM;u ,Dlçsl] 2001½A dqN ekeyksa

esa ,sls eqBHksM+ksa dks eatwjh nsus esa lhfu;j

vQljksa dh Hkh Hkwfedk jghA ns'k dh

lcls cM+h tkap ,tsalh] lsUVªy C;wjks

v‚Q baUosfLVxs'ku dks ,d lafnX/k dh

ekSr esa xqtjkr ds x`g ea=h ds 'kkfey

gksus ds lcwr feys] vkSj bl ekeys esa

rkfydk 5 iqfyl ds f[kykQ f'kdk;rksa dh

la[;k] 2004&2010] tSlk ,ulhvkjch dks

fjiksVZ fd;k x;k

o"kZ feyh

f'kdk;rsa

vQljksa ij

gqbZ dkjZokbZ

2004 51]060 1]191

2005 61]560 9]047

2006 62]882 7]936

2007 51]767 941

2008 48]939 1]132

2009 54]873 1]618

2010 58]438 861


9www.india-ava.org

,DlVªkT;qfMf'k;y vkSj LosPNkpkjh

ltk ds ekeys esa la;qä jk"Vª ds Lis'ky

jSiksR;j us ^,sls ns'kksa dh vksj fo'ks"k

/;ku nsus dks dgk gS tgka xSjdkuwuh

rjhds ls ekSr ds ?kkV mrkjk tkrk gSA

dqN ekeyksa esa rks ihfMrksa dks U;k;

fnykus] fgalk ds pØ dks rksM+us vkSj

,d ubZ 'kq#vkr ds fy, U;k; ds u,

iSekus r; djus dh vko';drk gS*

¼vks,plh,pvkj] 2012½A

êwyHkwr Lora=rk vkSj

ekuokf/kdkjksa dk guu lkekftd vkSj

jktuSfrd mFky&iqFky dk dkj.k

curk gS ¼,u,pvkjlh] 2008] i`- 98½A^

iqfyl }kjk cyç;ksx nqHkkZX;o'k bUgha

ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk urhtk gS] ftlls

Hkkjrh; lekt esa la?k"kZ vkSj fgalk dks

c<+kok feyrk gSA vk;ksx ;s Hkh ekurk gS

fd ns'k esa ekuokf/kdkjksa ds guu ds dqN

vke vkSj yxkrkj lkeus vk jgs ekeyksa

esa ;a=.kk] lafnX/k dh xqe'kqnxh] QthZ

eqBHksM+ksa esa ekSr vkSj iqfyl fgjklr esa

ekSr gSA

lq/kkj dh jkg

cy dk nq#i;ksx Hkkjr dh iqfyl

O;oLFkk ij xgjh ijNkbZ Mkyrk gSA

,d yksdra= esa iqfyl ls ukxfjdksa dks

lg;ksx vkSj viuh dkjZokbZ ds fy,

tokcnsgh dh mEehn dh tkrh gSA

vijkf/k;ksa dks ltk fnykus dh tk;t

dksf'k'k esa ,uihlh us tekur mYya?ku

ds ekeyksa esa dM+h ltk tSls dqN

lek/kku lq>k,A vxj ;s lq>ko eku

fy, tkrs rks vkradokn vkSj laxfBr

vijk/k tSls ekeyksa esa felky dk;e

fd, tk ldrs FksA ,uihlh us lqj{kk

deh'kuksa ds ek/;e ls iqfyl dh

tokcnsgh c<+kus vkSj iqfyl dks çR;{k

jktuhfrd n[kyvankth ls cpkus ds

fy, Hkh lq>ko fn, FksA gkykafd bu

lq>koksa dks ljdkj us laHkor% blfy,

ugha ekuk D;ksafd usrk iqfyl ij viuk

fu;a=.k de ugha djuk pkgrs Fks ¼oekZ

vkSj lqczefu;e] 2009½A

1993 esa ekuokf/kdkj dkuwu ds ykxw

gksus ds ckn jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx

¼,u,pvkjlh½ dk xBu fd;k x;k

ftldk mís'; ukxfjdksa ds

ekuokf/kdkj ds guu ds ekeyksa dh

c<+rh f'kdk;rksa ls fuiVuk FkkA deh'ku

dks ekuokf/kdkjksa ds mYya?ku ds ekeys

dh tkap&iM+rky] ekuokf/kdkjksa dh

tkx:drk c<+kus vkSj bl dksf'k'k esa

lkekftd laxBuksa dks lkFk ysdj pyus

dk funsZ'k fn;k x;kA iqfyldfeZ;ksa

}kjk ekuokf/kdkj guu ds dbZ eqíksa ij

,u,pvkjlh us dke fd;k gSA buesa

çhosfUVo fMVsU'ku dkuwu] mxzokn

çHkkfor bykdksa esa ekuokf/kdkj lqj{kk]

vkijkf/kd ekeyksa esa fxj¶rkjh vkSj

jksdFkke ds fy, jkT; vkSj uxj iqfyl

bdkbZ;ksa esa ekuokf/kdkj lsy dk xBu]

vkSj iqfyl fgjklr esa ekSr] cykRdkj

vkSj ;a=.kk ds ekeyksa dh jksdFkke

'kkfey gSA

tkus yxs gSaA csdkcw gqbZ HkhM+ dks

laHkkyus ds fy, ml LFkku ij fu;a=.k

lcls T;knk t:jh gS ¼oekZ] 1997]

i`- 74½A ,sls ekeyksa esa la?k"kZ dks [kRe

djus ds fy, vQljksa ls jpukRed

rjhdksa vkSj HkhM+ ij de&ls&de cy

ds bLrseky dh mEehn dh tkrh gSA

gkykafd bldk vanktk yxkuk eqf'dy

gS fd jksdFkke ds ,sls rjhds fdrus

dkjxj gSaA

iqfyl esa cyç;ksx dks de djus ds

fy, dbZ dksf'k'k gqbZ gSA bu lq/kkjksa

dh dksf'k'k esa lcls cM+h Hkwfedk x`g

ea=ky; us fuHkkbZ gSA dqN ,sls ekeys

Hkh gSa ftuesa tkar gqbZ vkSj nks"kh ik, x,

iqfyl vQljksa dks ltk nh xbZ ¼eksgarh]

2011½A

jk"Vªh; iqfyl vk;ksx ¼,uihlh½ dh

LFkkiuk 1978 esa gqbZ vkSj iqfyldfeZ;ksa

}kjk cyç;ksx ds f[kykQ ;s igyh

O;ofLFkr dksf'k'k dh xbZA ml nkSjku

dqN jkT;ksa esa MdSrh ,d xaHkhj leL;k

gks xbZ Fkh vkSj iqfyl xSaxksa ls fuiVus

ds fy, cM+s Lrj ij dkjZokbZ vkSj

êqBHksM+* dk jkLrk viuk jgh Fkh ¼[kku]

1981½A ,uihlh us MdSrksa ds vijk/kksa

dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k vkSj ik;k fd tkap

vkSj ltk dh xfr xokgksa dks

Mjkus&/kedkus vkSj vnkyr dh dk;Zokgh

esa vkus okyh nsjh dh otg ls /kheh iM+

jgh FkhA bldh otg ls iqfyl nwljs

jkLrs viuk jgh FkhA eqBHksM+ksa dk jkLrk

blfy, fy;k x;k D;ksafd cM+s iSekus ij

;s ekuk tkus yxk Fkk fd vijk/kh ltk

ls cpus ds fy, O;oLFkk dk uktk;t

Qk;nk mBk jgs FksA

4 vxLr 2008 dks Jhuxj esa çn'kZudkjh vkflQ

esgjkt dh ekSr ds f[kykQ gks jgs çn'kZu ds nkSjku

,d iqfyldehZ [kqn dks iRFkjckth ls cpkrs gq,

© rkSlhQ eqLrQk@,,Qih QksVks

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

828

781

827 830805

841876

763

954

872

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

lzksr% ,ulhvkjch] 2011] i`- 567fp= 1 MîwVh ij Hkkjrh; iqfylokyksa dh fgald ekeyksa esa ekSr


gS tks ukxfjdksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk /;ku

j[krh gSA ehfM;k Hkh Lora= gS vkSj

ljdkj ls eq[kkfrc gksus ds fy, rS;kj

jgrh gSA Hkkjr esa ekuokf/kdkjksa dk

leFkZu djusokyh ,d etcwr yWkch gS

tks iqfyl dh T;knfr;ksa ds f[kykQ

vkokt mBkrh jgrh gSA ysfdu urhts

vHkh Hkh vkn'kZ ugha gSaA

ysfdu yksdra= dk :i ,slk gS fd

dkuwu O;oLFkk iwjh rjg ls ykxw gks ugha

ikbZA tcrd dqN lokyksa dk

lek/kku ugha fudyrk] iqfyl }kjk

cyç;ksx vfu;af=r gh jgsxkA

uksV~l

bl b';w czhQ dks bafM;kuk ;wfuoflZVh]

CywfeaXVu] bafM;kuk] ;w,l, ds fMikVZesaV vkWQ

fØfeuy tfLVl ds vlksfl,V çksQslj MkW

vjfoan oekZ us fy[kkA bl fo"k; ds fo'ks"kKksa

us bldh leh{kk dhA lksuy ekjokg us rF;ksa

dh tkap dh] vkadM+s tqVk, vkSj rkfydk,a

cukbZaA dSFkfju ,Xokj us vfrfjä 'kks/k fd;kA

ikaMqfyfi dk laiknu ,sju dkiZ us fd;k vkSj

çwQjhfMax fcìh xzhu us fd;kA

1- eqBHksM+ ekSr ;k fgjklr esa ekSr iqfyl ds

lkFk êqBHksM+* esa gksusokyh U;k;srj ekSrksa

¼,DlVªkT;qfMf'k;y fdfyaXl½ dks ifjHkkf"kr

djrh gSa] tks vDlj ^QthZ* gksrh gSa] vkSj

vDlj êuekus <ax ls fd, x, U;k;* ds

ekeys gksrh gSaA

gS fd gkykr ls fuiVus ds fy, NksVh

la[;k esa igqaps iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks mxz

vkSj mÙksftr HkhM+ ?kj ysrh gS vkSj ,sls

esa HkhM+ }kjk muij geys dh ?kVuk,a Hkh

gqbZ gSaA

dkuwu&O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus vkSj funksZ"kksa

dh j{kk ds fy, iqfyl dks viuk dke

djuk gh gksxkA ysfdu cyç;ksx Hkh

dkuwu ds nk;js esa gh jg dj fd;k

tk,A ns'k ds usr`Ro dks çf'k{k.k vkSj

xaHkhj gkykrksa dks fuiVus ds fy,

lalk/ku miyC/k djkus ij /;ku ds-

fUær djuk pkfg,A ,slh ?kVuk,a tgka

cyç;ksx] [kkldj ?kkrd cyç;ksx] dh

vko';drk iM+h gS] mudk [kklrkSj ij

fujh{k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj muls

lcd ysuk pkfg,A gkykafd ,sls ekeyksa

esa vkadM+ksa dk vHkko – ,ulhvkjch dks

jkT;ksa }kjk Hksts x, vi;kZIr vkadM+s –

vkSj vijk/k ds vkadM+ksa dks ysdj O;kIr

mnklhurk n'kkZrs gSa fd buds çca/ku dks

utjvankt fd;k x;k gSA blds fy,

urhtksa ij vk/kkfjr esfVªDl dk fodkl

vkSj bLrseky vko';d gS rkfd

çca/kulaca/kh fu"iknu dk ewY;kadu fd;k

tk lds ¼foYlu] 2006] i`- 174½A

,u,pvkjlh dh dksf'k'kksa ls fl) gks

x;k gS fd cnyko eqefdu gSA lkSHkkX;

ls Hkkjr esa ,d ,slh lfØ; U;k;ikfydk

ysfdu Hkkjr esa lg;ksx vkSj tokcnsgh]

nksuksa vuqifLFkr gSA iqfyl dh Nfo ,slh

gS fd vke turk mlij Hkjkslk ugha

djrhA iqfyl dh T;knfr;ksa ij jksd

ds fy, 'kk;n gh dksbZ dne mBk;k tk

jgk gSA iqfyl vdknfe;ksa esa ,sls dkslZ

dh deh gS ftuls mUgsa de ls de

cyç;ksx dk çf'k{k.k fn;k tk ldsA

laxBu esa iqfyl vQljksa }kjk la;e dks

c<+kok ugha fn;k tkrkA ;gka rd fd

usr`Ro esa Hkh eqBHksM+ esa ekSrksa dks Loh—fr]

;gka rd fd eatwjh nh tkrh gSA

Hkkjrh; iqfyl ds lkeus fgalk ls

fuiVus dh pqukSfr;ka vDlj vk tk;k

djrh gSa] ftuesa ftEesnkjh dk fuoZgu

djrs gq, tku xaokus dh ?kVuk,a Hkh

gksrh gSa ¼fp= 1½A bu [krjksa esa HkhM+

dk fgald gks tkuk] laxfBr vijk/k]

mxzokn] vkradokn vkSj drZO; fuHkkrs

gq, gknlksa dk f'kdkj gksuk 'kkfey gSA

2010 esa MîqVh ij 857 iqfyldfeZ;ksa dh

ekSr gqbZ ¼,ulhvkjch] 2011] i`- 157½A

bldh rqyuk esa vesfjdk esa] tgka dh

vkcknh Hkkjr dh ,d pkSFkkbZ gS] ml

lky 157 iqfyldfeZ;ksa dh ekSr gqbZ vkSj

bl rqyuk dk xgu fo'ys"k.k vR;ar

vko';d gS ¼jWk;VlZ] 2011½A

pwafd Hkkjr esa iqfyl dh mifLFkfr

vkerkSj ij de gS] ,slk dbZ ckj gksrk

flracj 2006] Jhuxj esa ,d çn'kZu ds nkSjku tEew&d'ehj iqfyl dh efgyk iqfyldehZ d'ehjh efgykvksa dks idM+rs gq, © ,ih QksVks@Mkj ;kflu

11www.india-ava.org

dqekj] fouksn- 2009- ifCyd bosUV~l] iqfyl

jsLi‚Ul ,aM MseksØSfVd fMLdkslZ bu

bafM;k—,u ,Eisfjdy LVMh- vçdkf'kr

ih,pMh Fkhfll] CywfeaXVu: bafM;kuk

;wfuoflZVh-

dqekj] fouksn ,aM vjfoan oekZ- 2008- ^gsxseuh]

fMflfIyu ,aM daVªksy bu n ,MfefuLVªs'ku

v‚Q fØfeuy tfLVl bu dyksfu;y

bafM;k-* ,f'k;u tuZy v‚Q fØfeu‚yksth]

o‚Y;qe 4] i`- 61–78-

eSfuax] ihVj- 2010- MseksØSfVd iqfyflax bu ,

psfUtax oYMZ- cksYMj] dksyksjSMks: iSjkMkbZe

ifCy'klZ] i`- 3–38-

ekFkqj] dqynhi- 1992- ^n LVsV ,aM n ;wt v‚Q

dksvflZo ikoj bu bafM;k-* ,f'k;u losZ]

o‚Y;qe 32] la[;k 4] i`- 337–49-

esVdkQ] Fk‚el vkj- 1994- n U;w dsfEczt fgLVªh

v‚Q bafM;k:vkbZfM;‚fyt v‚Q n jkt-

cdZys: dSfyQksfuZ;k ;wfuoflZVh çsl-

fe=k] nqxkZ ek/kc- 2007- vaMjLVSafMax bafM;u

bUltsZfUlt: bfEifyds'kUl Q‚j dk-

maVjbultsaZlh v‚ijs'kUl bu n FkMZ

oYMZ- dkykZby] isuflYosfu;k: ;w,l vkehZ

LVªSVsftd LVMht baLVhVîwV- Qjojh-

eksgu] lkSfe=- 2008- xkfMaZx vxsULV iqfyl

C:VSfyVh- ubZ fnYyh: baLVhVîwV v‚Q ihl

,aM d‚fU¶yDV LVMht-

eq[kthZ] nks,y- 2003- îqfyl fjQ‚eZ bfuf'k,fVOl

bu bafM;k* vçdkf'kr isijA vuifCy'M

isij- ubZ fnYyh: d‚euosYFk áweu jkbV~l

bfuf'k,fVo] 2 tqykbZ-

,ulhvkjch ¼us'kuy Økbe fjd‚MZ~l C;wjks½-

2006- ,uqvy Økbe bu bafM;k – 2006-

Qjhnkckn: Hkkjr ljdkj çsl-

— 2011- Økbe bu bafM;k] 2007–2008-

Qjhnkckn: Hkkjr ljdkj çsl-

,u,pvkjlh ¼jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx½- 2008-

okf"kZd fjiksVZ 2006–07- ubZ fnYyh: jk"Vªh;

ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx-

,uihlh ¼jk"Vªh; iqfyl vk;ksx½- 1981- ikapoka

fjiksVZ- ubZ fnYyh: jk"Vªh; iqfyl vk;ksx-

vkmVyqd bafM;k- 2010-^Qsd ,UdkmaVj: xqtjkr

gkse fefuLVj QsYl Vw vfi;j fcQksj

lhchvkbZ*- 24 tqykbZ-

ikfVy] lat;- 2008- ¶;wMy QkslsZl: fjQ‚eZ

fMysM – ewfoax Ý‚e QkslZ Vw lfoZl bu

lkmFk ,f'k;u iqfyl- ubZ fnYyh:

d‚euosYFk áweu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo-

jruyky ,aM /khjtyky- 2006- n desUVªh v‚u

n dksM v‚Q fØfeuy çksflT;j] 18oka-

laLdj.k- o‚Y;qe 1 ,oa 2- ubZ fnYyh:

ysfDllusfDll cVjoFlZ

fjMhQ U;wt ¼ubZ fnYyh½- 2010- ^can:

v‚iksft'ku ¶;wYl ifCyd ,UXLV vk-

soj çkbl gkbZd-* 5 tqykbZ- <http://

news-rediff-com/report/2010/jul/05/

bandh&chokes&bharat-htm>

j‚;VlZ- 2011- ^;w-,l- iqfyl QsVfyfVt vi bu

2011: fjiksVZ-* 28 fnlacj-

,Dlçsl U;wt lfoZl- 2009- ^y‚;lZ o‚;l

v‚iksft'ku Vw lhvkjihlh vesUMesaV fcy*

20 tuojh-

?kksxs] dsrdh ,aM jfru nkl- 2007- ^Qsd ,Ud-

kmaVj: gkm lksgjkcqíhu 'ks[k o‚t fdYM*

fganqLrku VkbEl- 2 ebZ-

Hkkjr ljdkj- 2010,- bafM;k ,V , Xykal-

—- 2010ch- Hkkjr dk lafo/kku

fxzfQFl] iflZoy- 1971- Vw xkMZ ekbZ ihiy: n

fgLVªh v‚Q n bafM;u iqfyl- yanu: vusZLV

csu fyfeVsM-

xqIrk] vkuanLo:i- 1979- n iqfyl bu fczfV'k

bafM;k: 1861–1947- ubZ fnYyh: d‚UlsIV

ifCyf'kax daiuh-

xqIrk] vkse çdk'k- 1949- ^bu n gkbZ dksVZ v‚Q

eækl-* fØfeuy y‚ tuZy] o‚Y;qe 143]

1949&62&LW394, 1MLJ554] 28 Qjojh-

xqIrk] ik#y- 2003- ^vc rd ikap ,aM fLVy

dkmafVax* VkbEl v‚Q bafM;k] 21 vDVwcj-

,pvkjMCY;w ¼áweu jkbV~l o‚p½- 2009- czksdsu

flLVe fMLQaD'ku] ok;ysal ,aM bEI;qfuVh

bu bafM;k iqfyl- yanu-

gaVj] MCY;w- MCY;w- ¼laikfnr½- 1907- bEisfjy

xStsfV;j v‚Q bafM;k] Hkkx IV ¼ç'kklfud½]

iqueqZæ.k 1909- v‚DlQksMZ DySjsUMu çsl-

vkbZvkbZ,l,l- 2011- n fefyVªh cSysal- yanu:

baVjus'kuy baLVhVîwV Q‚j LVªSVsftd

LVfMt

India e-news-com- 2008- ^fcgkj

v‚fQf'k;Yl çksVsLV Cyse Q‚j iqfyl

Qk;fjax* 21 tuojh-

bafM;u ,Dlçsl- 2001- êqacbZ iqfyl iSV~l bVl-

sYQ ,t ,UdkmaVj MsFl Mcy* 29 fnlacj-

bafM;kVkbZe- 2007- îqfyl C#VSfyVh bu

bafM;k* 26 ebZ- <http://www-

indiatime-com/2007/05/26/

olice&brutality&in&india/>

tksgj] lqgsy 2010- ^lqijd‚i n;k uk;d]

lCtsDV v‚Q Fkzh fQYEl* SmashHits.com-

7 flracj-

[kku] ,e- tsM- 1981- MdSrh bu pacy oSyh- ubZ

fnYyh: us'kuy ifCyf'kax gkml-

Dy‚dlZ] lh- ch- 1985- n vkbZfM;k v‚Q iqfyl-

csojyh fgYl: lst ifCyds'kUl-

dksgyh] vfuy] ,sju dkiZ ,oa lksuy ekjokg-

2011- ^Hkkjr esa ?kkrd canwdksa dk Hkwxksy-*

eSfiax eMZj: Hkkjr esa ?kkrd canwdksa dk

Hkwxksy; vkbZ,oh, b';w czhQ 2- ubZ fnYyh:

Hkkjrh; l'kL= fgalk vkdyu ,oa ftuhok:

Le‚y vkElZ losZ- flracj-

dksgyh] vrqy- 1990- MseksØSlh ,aM fMLd‚UVsaV:

bafM;kt xzksbax Økbfll v‚Q xoZusfcfyVh-

U;w ;‚dZ: dsfEczt ;wfuoZflVh çsl-

dqekj] jke ukjk;.k] vejhd flag] v'kksd

vxzoky ,aM tldj.k dkSj- 2003- jsMîqLM

Vw ,'kst: n bUltsaZlh ,aM áweu jkbV~l bu

iatkc- dkBekaMw: lkmFk ,f'k;k Qksje Q‚j

áweu jkbV~l-

2- xqTtj leqnk; us] ftudh vkcknh dk cM+k

fgLlk jktLFkku esa gS] vkj{k.k ds leFkZu esa

fgald çn'kZu fd,] rkfd ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa

vkSj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa esa os vkj{k.k ds

gdnkj gks ldsaA ljdkj us budh ekaxksa ds

vkxs ?kqVus Vsd fy,A

3- 1978&1991 esa ,d vQlj ds rkSj ij viuh

lsok ds nkSjku ys[kd dk voyksduA

4- 1978&1991 esa ,d vQlj ds rkSj ij viuh

lsok ds nkSjku ys[kd dk voyksduA

5- ekpZ 2012 esa ;w,u Lis'ky jsiksrZ~;ksj fØLVksQ

gk;Ul us fjiksVZ esa fy[kk fd ^laoS/kkfud

xkjaVh vkSj etcwr ekuokf/kdkj U;k;'kkL=

ds ckotwn Hkkjr esa U;k;srj ekSr xaHkhj fpark

dk fo"k; gS* ¼vks,plh,pvkj] 2012½A

xzaFk&lwph

,vkbZvkj ¼v‚y bafM;k fjiksVZj½- 1950- e/;

Hkkjr 83] fØfeuy felysfu;l] o‚Y;qe 37]

la[;k 25] ebZ-

vLFkkuk] ,u- lh- ,aM vatfy fueZy- 2010- ^xzs

,fj;kt bu n y‚ fjysfVax Vw n ;wt v‚Q

QkslZ bu fMLiflaZx ,u vuy‚Qqy vlsEcyh*

IndLawnews.com- 20 ekpZ-

v‚fLVu] xzSufoy- 1999- ofdaZx v‚Q v MseksØS-

fVd d‚ULVhVîw'ku: n bafM;u ,Dlihfj;sal-

ubZ fnYyh: v‚DlQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh çsl-

cæh&egkjkt] lat;] 2001- ^flfoy fMQsal

dsisfcfyfVt v‚Q n bafM;u LVsV* Hkkjr

j{kd e‚fuVj] o‚- 4] la- 2 ¼flracj–vD-

Vwcj½-

csywj] T;ksfr 2007- îqfyl ;wt v‚Q MsMyh

QkslZ: ,ukykbftax iqfyl Þ,UdkmaVlZß bu

eqacbZ-* vçdkf'kr ih,pMh Fkhfll]

fMikVZesaV v‚Q lksf'k;‚yksth] yanu Ldwy

v‚Q bdksu‚feDlA

ch,l,Q, ¼c‚MZj lsD;ksfjVh QkslZ vdkneh½-

2012- c‚MZj lsD;ksfjVh QkslZ vdkneh-

<http://acy-bsf-gov-in/>

C;qd] ,e-,u- 2007- ûanhxzke: y‚ ,aM v‚MZj-*

Boloji-com, 16 vçSy-

lh,pvkjvkbZ ¼d‚euosYFk áweu jkbV~l

bfuf'k,fVo½- 2011- iqfyl fjQ‚eZ fMcsV~l

bu bafM;k- ubZ fnYyh: d‚euosYFk áweu

jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo-

lh,yts ¼fØfeuy y‚ tuZy½- 1979- ^dje flag

cuke gjn;ky flag-* fØfeuy y‚ tuZy]

i`- 1211-

nkl] fnyhi ds- ,aM vjfoan oekZ- 1998- ^n

vkEZM iqfyl bu n fczfV'k dyksfu;y

VªsfM'ku: n bafM;u ijLisfDVo-* iqfyflax:

,u baVjus'kuy tuZy v‚Q iqfyl LVªSVsftl

,aM eSustesaV] o‚Y;qe 21] la- 2] i`- 354–67-

Mªksj] vkbZ- bZ- 2007- îjlsI'ku v‚Q fjLd ,aM n

fMf'ktu Vw ;wt QkslZ* iqfyflax: , tuZy

v‚Q i‚fylh ,aM çSfDVl] o‚Y;qe 1] la- 3]

i`- 265–72-

,Utsy] vkj- ,l- 2008- îqfyl ;wt v‚Q

u‚u&yhFky QkslZ-* fØfeu‚yksth ,aM ifCyd

i‚fylh] o‚Y;qe 7] la- 4] i`- 557–627-


oekZ] vjfoan- 1997- êsuVsfuax y‚ ,aM v‚MZj

bu bafM;k: ,u ,Dljlkbt bu iqfyl

fMLØh'ku-* baVjus'kuy fØfeuy tfLVl

fjO;w] o‚Y;qe 7] i`- 65–80-

— 1999- ^dYpjy #V~l v‚Q iqfyl djI'ku

bu bafM;k-* iqfyflax: ,u baVjus'kuy tuZy

v‚Q iqfyl LVªSVsftl ,aM eSustesaV] o‚Y;qe

22] uacj 3] i`- 264–78-

— 2007- ^vuSV‚eh v‚Q jk;V~l: v flpq,'kuy

çhosU'ku vçksp-* Økbe çhosU'ku ,aM

dE;qfuVh lsQVh] o‚Y;qe- 9] la- 3] i`-

201–21-

oekZ] vjfoan ,aM ds- ,l- lqczefu;e- 2009-

vaMjLVSafMx n iqfyl bu bafM;k- ubZ

fnYyh: ysfDllusfDll cVjoFlZ-

foYlu] t‚tZ] j‚tj Muge ,aM tsÝh ,YiVZ-

2004- ^çsT;qfMl bu iqfyl çksQkbfyax:

vlsflax ,u vksojyqDM vkLisDV bu çk;j

fjlpZ-* vesfjdu fcgsfojy lkbafVLV] o‚Y;qe

47] No- 7] i`- 896–909-

foYlu] tsjseh ,e 2006- ^y‚ ,aM v‚MZj bu

,u bejftax MseksØSlh: yslUl Ý‚e n

fjdUlVªD'ku v‚Q dkslksokst iqfyl ,aM

tfLVl flLVEl*- vesfjdu ,dSMeh v‚Q

iksfyfVdy ,aM lks'ky lkbalst] o‚Y;qe

605] uacj 1] i`- 152–77-

la?koh] ohj- 2010- ^bV~l Vkbe Vw vksiu fMcsV

v‚u doVZ v‚ijs'kUl* fganqLrku VkbEl] 20

Qjojh-

lDlsu] ,u-,l- 1997- ^Qsd ,UdkmaVlZ v‚Q n

v‚fQf'k;y dkbaM-* VkbEl v‚Q bafM;k- 19

twu-

lsfeukj- 1999- iqfylLihd: , flaiksft;e v‚u

n jksy v‚Q n iqfyl bu vkoj lkslk-

bVh] b';w 483- uoacj- <http://www-

india&seminar-com/semframe-html>

'kkg] ?ku';ke- 2002- ^baVªksMD'ku-* ?ku';ke 'kkg

ds laikndh; lks'ky ewoesUV~l ,aM n LVsV-

ubZ fnYyh: lst ifCyds'kUl] i`- 13–31-

flQh U;wt ¼ubZ fnYyh½- 2008- ^xqTtlZ MsM czhn

ykbQ çksVsLV-* 27 ebZ-

Lokeh] çoh.k- 2010- ^n vxyh oYMZ v‚Q

d'ehlZ v‚uykbu jscsYl-* n fganw ¼eækl½]

24 tqykbZ-

VsyhxzkQ ¼ubZ fnYyh½- 2010- ^d‚i Qk;fjax ,V

Ldwy] xkfMZ;u fdYM-* 30 tqykbZ-

VkbEl v‚Q bafM;k- 2010- îqfyl LVsV: Vsjj

bu ;wfuQ‚eZ-* 16 tuojh-

;w,uMhih ¼;wukbVsM us'kUl MsoyiesaV çksxzke½-

2010- áweu MsoyiesaV bUMkblsl – v

LVSfVfLVdy viMsV 2008] i`- 35-

12

Hkkjrh; l'kL= fgalk vkdyu ds fo"k; esa

Hkkjrh; l'kL= fgalk vkdyu ¼bafM;u vkEMZ ok;ysal vlslesaV ;k

IAVA½ fjlpZ dks c<+kok nsrk gS vkSj l'kL= fgalk ds dkj.kksa vkSj

fu"d"kksaZ dks lefiZr Hkkjrh; lekt&'kkL= 'kks/k leqnk;ksa dks 'kks/k

ds fy, çksRlkfgr djrk gSA Hkkjrh; lg;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk feydj

rS;kj fd;k x;k ;s lewg lqj{kk ds fofHkUu dkjdksa] fgLlsnkjksa vkSj

l{ke laLFkkuksa ls tqM+s fofHkUu eqíksa dh [kkst djrk gSA vkbZ,oh,

dk edln Hkkjr esa bu eqíksa ij lk{;&vk/kkfjr cgl NsM+uk vkSj

oSf'od uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa esa lfØ; ;ksxnku dks vkxs c<+kuk gSA

bl çkstsDV dks Le‚y vkElZ losZ dk leFkZu çkIr gSA

vkbZ,oh, ds fo"k; fooj.k ;k b';w czhQ l'kL= fgalk ls tqM+s eq[;

çlaxksa ij tkudkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr dk tk;tk ysrs gSaA Le‚y vkElZ

losZ }kjk deh'ku fd, x, ;s fo"k; fooj.k la?k"kZ vkSj vijk/k ls

tqM+h fgalk] vijk/k djusokyksa vkSj vijk/k ds f'kdkj yksxksa ds fo"k;

esa] fdlh [kkl fdLe dh fgalk dks jksdus vkSj de djus ds fy,

j.kuhfr;ksa ls tqM+s egRoiw.kZ fu"d"kksaZ dk lkj gSaA bUgsa rS;kj djrs

gq, l'kL= fgalk ds iSekus vkSj :iksa rFkk mldh mxzrk] mlds

dkj.kksa vkSj tokch uhfr;ksa ds çHkko ls tqM+s 'kks/k ij /;ku fn;k

tkrk gS] vkSj ;s 'kks/k vkadM+ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSaA

vkbZ,oh, fo"k; fooj.k vaxzsth vkSj fganh esa miyC/k gSA bUgsa

www.smallarmssurveyindia.org ls Hkh MkmuyksM fd;k

tk ldrk gSA bldh fçaV d‚fi;ka Le‚y vkElZ losZ ls çkIr dh tk

ldrh gSaA

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47 ,osU;w Cy‚a 1202 ftfuok fLoVtjySaM

VsyhQksu + 41 22 9085777 QSDl +41 22 7322738

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fok; fooj.kHkkjr l'kL= fgla k vkdyu - india-ava.org · 3 ntZ fd;k x;kA blls mUgsa vius cpko dk vf/kdkj Hkh ugha fey ldk ¼jruyky vkSj /khjtyky] 2006½A iqfyl ç'kklu x`g ea=ky; og