Focus On GrammarBook 2, 5th edition

Lesson 4: Possessives

Possessive QuestionsObject Pronouns

4.1 – Possessive Nouns

• Singular possessive + ’s – Celine’s car, Lewis’s wife, the student’s book

• Plural possessive s + ’• Irregular plurals + ’s

• (unless the irregular has an s) the {axisaxes} centers

– http://english-zone.com/spelling/plurals.html– The nuclei’s neutrons, the data’s conclusion, the

sheep’s horns, the mice’s teeth– Men, women, children, oxen

4.1 – Possessive Nouns

• Inanimate objects– Book says use of the , not ’s– I say that you can use the church’s door, the

dress’s front, the frog’s leg, the table’s leg

• I’ve never heard this rule before.

4.2 – Possessive AdjectivesSingular Plural

1st My dog is happy.My dogs are happy.

Our dog is happy.Our dogs are happy.

2nd Your dog is happy.Your dogs are happy.

Your dog is happy.Your dogs are happy.

3rd His, her, its* dog is happy.His, her, its* dogs are happy.

Their dog is happy.Their dogs are happy.

These ADJECTIVES describe nouns, and the verb must agree with the SUBJECT NOUN.

Confused about it’s and its?FORGET about the table’s leg Its bookREMEMBER • Lewis’s book His book• I’m, you’re, he’s, she’s it’s• my, your, his, our, its

4.2 Pos. Adj.

• Note use of multiple possessives on page 119

My brother’s wife’s father’s car’s tire was flat.

4.3 Possessive PRONOUNSSINGULAR SUBJECT OBJECT POS. ADJ. POS. PRO.

SINGULAR 1ST I ME MY MINE

SINGULAR 2ND YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

SINGULAR 3RD HE, SHE, IT HIM, HER, IT HIS, HER, ITS HIS, HERS, ?ITS?

PLURAL 1ST WE US OUR OURS

PLURAL 2ND YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

PLURAL 3RD THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS

4.4 – Possessive Questions with WHOSE

• Same rules as before, except the noun moves with the WH word (whose)

– (remember, subject questions are easy)

• Jasvir’s pen fell on the floor yesterday.– Jasvir’s, Jasvir’s pen, Y/N, on the floor

• Lewis#2 used Jasvir’s pen yesterday.– Subject, Y/N, Jasvir’s, Jasvir’s pen, when

4.5 OBJECT PRONOUNSSINGULAR SUBJECT OBJECT POS. ADJ. POS. PRO.

SINGULAR 1ST I ME MY MINE

SINGULAR 2ND YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

SINGULAR 3RD HE, SHE, IT HIM, HER, IT HIS, HER, ITS HIS, HERS, ?ITS?

PLURAL 1ST WE US OUR OURS

PLURAL 2ND YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

PLURAL 3RD THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS

4.6 Direct and Indirect Objects• DIRECT

– The receiver of the action (made what? Brought what?• He made a hamburger (for me).• He brought a book (to/for me).

– Object of the preposition or indirect object? Pattern B

• INDIRECT– TO or FOR someone

• He made me a hamburger.• He brought me a book.

4.6 Indirect Objects

• Don’t use an indirect object (pattern A) if the direct object is a pronoun.– [Latifa gave Gyeongmin it.]

• Only use indirect objects with (some?) verbs about transferring something between people.– He cooked me a hamburger.– He taught me English grammar.– He told me a story.

4.8 Reflexive Pronouns

• Reflection = what you see in a mirror.• They see themselves.• I wash myself.• He hurt himself.

4.3 Possessive PRONOUNSSINGULAR SUBJECT OBJECT REFLEXIVE

SINGULAR 1ST I ME MYSELF

SINGULAR 2ND YOU YOU YOURSELF

SINGULAR 3RD HE, SHE, IT HIM, HER, IT HIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF

PLURAL 1ST WE US OURSELVES

PLURAL 2ND YOU YOU YOURSELVES

PLURAL 3RD THEY THEM THEMSELVES

4.9 - Questions

• DUHHH!!!• YOU KNOW THIS!!!

• http://www.esl2000.com/grammar/do.html– Watch the PowerPoint Show!