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Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................1
1 Introduction to Network Optimization.................................................................................1-1
1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization.................................................................................1-2
1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network Optimization.................................................................................................1-2
2 Network Optimization Startup...............................................................................................2-1
2.1 Setup of Network Optimization Team............................................................................................................2-2
2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and Acceptance Counters...............................................................2-2
2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools.................................................................................................2-3
3 Single Site Verification.............................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Single Site Test Preparations...........................................................................................................................3-3
3.2 Single Site Verification Test...........................................................................................................................3-3
4 RF Optimization.........................................................................................................................4-14.1 RF optimization Test Preparations..................................................................................................................4-3
4.2 RF optimization Data Collection.....................................................................................................................4-3
4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis......................................................................................................................4-4
4.4 RF Optimization Implementation....................................................................................................................4-5
5 Service Optimization.................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Service Optimization Data Collection.............................................................................................................5-4
5.2 Service Optimization Data Analysis....................................................................................................... ........5-4
5.3 Service Optimization Implementation..................................................................... .......................................5-6
6 Network Acceptance..................................................................................................................6-16.1 Network Acceptance Counters........................................................................................................................6-2
6.1.1 Drive Test Counters...............................................................................................................................6-2
6.1.2 Performance Counters............................................................................................................................6-4
6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance Report........................................................................................................6-5
7 Network Optimization Tools...................................................................................................7-1
7.1 Probe................................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2 Assistant..........................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.3 Nastar..............................................................................................................................................................7-6
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Tables
Table 2-1 Tools required for radio network optimization....................................................................................2-3
Table 6-1 3G network KPI of the drive test and cell quality test.........................................................................6-2
Table 6-2 3G network quality KPI of performance data......................................................................................6-4
Table 7-1 Functions of the Assistant....................................................................................................................7-3
Table 7-2 Functions of Nastar..............................................................................................................................7-7
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About This Document
Purpose
Radio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radio
network optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances network
service quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiences
for the future network expansion. This document describes the RAN radio network optimization.
The phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RF
optimization, service optimization, and network acceptance.
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
RNC V200R009
NodeB V100R008
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
l Network planners
Update HistorySee Changes in RAN Network Optimization Guidelines.
Organization
1 Introduction to Network Optimization
Radio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radio
network optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances network
service quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiences
for the future network expansion.
2 Network Optimization Startup
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Network optimization startup consists of forming the optimization team, preparing tools, and
determining acceptance counters.
3 Single Site Verification
Single site verification checks the site performance and cell performance. Single site verificationis a self-test of the cell equipment performance. Single site verification guarantees the basic cell
functions (access, call, and handover) before the RF optimization.
4 RF Optimization
The purposes of the RF optimization consists of optimizing the signal coverage, controlling the
noise interference and pilot pollution, and ensuring the proper signal coverage for future service
optimization.
5 Service Optimization
During the service optimization, you can optimize the service and make the network counters
meet the acceptance requirements. The service optimization analyzes the drive test data andperformance data to solve service problems and improve the network counters to meet the
acceptance requirements.
6 Network Acceptance
Based on the performance data and drive test, the network acceptance checks if the optimized
network meets the optimization counters, evaluate the optimized network quality, and display
the network optimization.
7 Network Optimization Tools
Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis and can simplify the
network optimization and improve the working efficiency. The tools that you use during networkoptimization are: Probe, Assistant, and Nastar.
Conventions
1. Symbol Conventions
The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows
Symbol Description
DANGER
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided,
will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if
not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided,
could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
TIP Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save your
time.
About This Document
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Symbol Description
NOTE Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points of the main text.
2. General Conventions
Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface Names of files,directories,folders,and users are in boldface. For
example,log in as userroot .
Italic Book titles are in italics.
Courier New Terminal display is in Courier New.
3. Command Conventions
Convention Description
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italic.
[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional.
{x | y | ...} Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical
bars.One is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and
separated by vertical bars.One or none is selected.
{ x | y | ... } * Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical
bars.A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ] * Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical
bars.A minimum of zero or a maximum of all can be selected.
4. GUI Conventions
Convention Description
Boldface Buttons,menus,parameters,tabs,window,and dialog titles are in
boldface. For example,clickOK.
> Multi-level menus are in boldfaceand separated by the ">" signs.
For example,choose File > Create > Folder .
5. Keyboard Operation
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Convention Description
Key Press the key.For example,press Enter and press Tab.
Key1+Key2 Press the keys concurrently.For example,pressing Ctrl+Alt+Ameans the three keys should be pressed concurrently.
Key1,Key2 Press the keys in turn.For example,pressing Alt,A means the two
keys should be pressed in turn.
6. Mouse Operation
Action Description
Click Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the
pointer.
Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly
without moving the pointer.
Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer
to a certain position.
About This Document
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1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization
The optimization can be triggered in the phase of network construction or network maintenance.
l Network construction
Radio network optimization adjusts the operational network planning to better the quality
and efficiency of the radio network.
l Network maintenance
If the changes of propagation environment and traffic volume make the network quality
goes worse, the network optimization is triggered and network parameters are modified to
ensure the stable and efficient operation of the network.
1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network Optimization
The phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RF
optimization, service optimization, and network acceptance.
Figure 1-1 shows the flow chart for radio network optimization.
1 Introduction to Network Optimization
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Figure 1-1 Flow chart for radio network optimization
Phase Description
Project
preparations and
startup
According to requirements of the operator for WCDMA network,
discuss and determine the final optimization target. This target is one of
the criteria for network acceptance.
Single site
verification
The radio network optimization group takes part in the optimization
when the site begins to carry service. The site verification includes the
following:
l Verify that the site runs properly and the data configuration is
consistent with the radio network plan.
l Collect the information about the site and the surrounding
environment for the future optimization.
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Phase Description
RF optimization Radio Frequency (RF) optimization ensures the signal coverage in the
network and solves the service problems caused by the RF.
Network optimization is based on clusters. The cluster refers to severalsites belonging to the same NodeB.
The RF optimization bases on drive test data.
The overlapped area should also be optimized.
Service
optimization
Service optimization is based on both the drive test data and the
performance data. Service optimization is a supplement to RF
optimization.
Service optimization solve service problems, such as access failure, call
drop, and handover failure.
Network
acceptance
According to requirements of the operator, accept the whole network.
The network Key Performance Indicator (KPI) should meet the
requirements of the operator.
1 Introduction to Network Optimization
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2.1 Setup of Network Optimization Team
During the project preparations and setup, you should at first determine the organization and
members of the optimization team.
Figure 2-1 shows the organization of the optimization team.
Figure 2-1 Organization of the optimization team
2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and AcceptanceCounters
As the goal of the network optimization, the optimization and acceptance counters must be settled
before the network optimization.
For a network with high quality, the following key indicators should be focused on:
l Coverage ratio
l Call drop rate
l Outgoing access ratio
l Incoming access ratio
l Soft handover rate
l Hard handover rate
l Mean throughput ofPacket Switched (PS) service
2 Network Optimization Startup
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Acceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data. The acceptance counters vary
with different types of network.
l For the new network with few users, most acceptance counters are drive test data.
l For a network that has operated for a period and possesses lots of users, the acceptance
counters consists of both drive test data and performance data.
The specific acceptance counters are determined after the discussion with the operator.
2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools
Every optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools.
Every optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools, as shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Tools required for radio network optimization
Tool Function
Software tools
Probe Collecting drive test data
Assistant Analyzing drive test data
Nastar Checking the parameter configuration
Hardware tools
Pilot receiver Receiving signals from WCDMA cell pilot
channel
UE under test Testing WCDMA services
Laptop
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3 Single Site VerificationAbout This Chapter
Single site verification checks the site performance and cell performance. Single site verification
is a self-test of the cell equipment performance. Single site verification guarantees the basic cell
functions (access, call, and handover) before the RF optimization.
The purposes of single site verification are described as follows:
l Through single site verification, the equipment faults can be separated from other problems
during optimization. For example, the call drop and access failure resulting from equipment
fault is different from call drop and access failure caused by network coverage problem.
This differentiation is good for problem location, which can enhance network optimizationefficiency.
l Through single site verification, the personnel can collect the information of site location,
site configuration, and surrounding radio environment for future optimization.
The single site verification procedure comprises test preparation, single site test, and correcting
problems. Figure 3-1 shows the flow chart for single site verification.
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Figure 3-1 Flow chart for single site verification
When all the cells are verified and no equipment fault exists, the single site verification is
complete. The next phase is RF optimization.
3.1 Single Site Test Preparations
During the single site test preparations, you should perform the tasks of checking site status,
checking data configuration, and choosing cell to be tested.
3.2 Single Site Verification Test
During the single site test, check if problems of equipment performance and installation are
present, and then output the test result .
3 Single Site Verification
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3.1 Single Site Test Preparations
During the single site test preparations, you should perform the tasks of checking site status,
checking data configuration, and choosing cell to be tested.
The single site test preparations consist of the following tasks:
l Checking site status
Before the site test, prepare the checklist of the NodeBs and their cells and ensure that the
cells are in proper status.
l Collecting and checking data configuration
Before the site test, collect the planned data configuration and the data configuration in the
RNC, and check if the data configuration in the RNC is consistent with the planned data
configuration.
l Choosing cell to be tested
During the equipment performance test, choose the cell whose signal is stronger than its
neighbors.
l Other preparations
The site under test is allowed to transmit power.
Obtain the number of the UE under test.
Check if the UE is a test UE in project mode or a data card.
Check if the UE battery is fully charged.
Print the test forms.
Collect the information of site location, Cell ID, scramble, site azimuth, and antenna
azimuth.
3.2 Single Site Verification Test
During the single site test, check if problems of equipment performance and installation are
present, and then output the test result .
Tasks you should perform during the single site test are as follows:
l Verifying site configuration
Frequency check: check if the frequency of the cell to be tested is consistent with the
planned data.
Scrambling code check: check if the scramble of the cell to be tested is consistent with
the planned data.
LAC/RAC check: check if the LAC/RAC of the cell to be tested is consistent with the
planned data.
l Verifying site coverage
CPICH_RSCP/CPICH_EcIo check around the site:
Check if the CPICH_RSCP/CPICH_EcIo received by the UE is higher or lower thanthe threshold.
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Check the problems of power amplification, antenna and feeder connection, antenna
placement.
Check if the antenna downtilt and azimuth do not meet the planning because of the
environment changes.
l Call test
Voice service dialup test: check if the voice service function works properly.
Video Phone (VP) service dialup test: check if the VP service function works properly.
PS service dialup test: check if the PS service function works properly.
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4 RF OptimizationAbout This Chapter
The purposes of the RF optimization consists of optimizing the signal coverage, controlling the
noise interference and pilot pollution, and ensuring the proper signal coverage for future service
optimization.
The tasks you should perform during RF optimization are as follows:
l Optimizing signal coverage
Optimize the coverage hole to ensure the continuous coverage of the pilot signals.
Optimize the dominant cells to ensure that the area they cover is neither large nor small
and the overlapped areas are clear.
l Optimizing interference
For the downlink, Interference is represented by good CPICH RSCP and poor CPICH
Ec/Io.
For the uplink, an interference problem exists if the NodeB RTWP is high.
Find the interference source and solve the interference problem.
l Optimizing pilot pollution
Pilot pollution means that several pilots exist in the same area without a dominant pilot.
Pilot pollution causes more downlink interference, frequent handovers (cause call drop),
and less network capacity.
Modify the engineering parameters to solve this problem.
l Optimizing other problems
Optimize the neighbor configuration.
Solve the problems of access and call drop. These problems occur during the tests.
Figure 4-1 shows the flow chart for RF optimization.
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Figure 4-1 Flow chart for RF optimization
4.1 RF optimization Test Preparations
During the RF optimization test preparations, you should perform the tasks of determining
optimization target, grouping clusters, determining test course, and preparing tools and
materials.
4.2 RF optimization Data Collection
During the RF optimization data collection, you should gather UE and Scanner data through
drive test, indoor measurement, and signal tracing. You should also gathers call tracing data at
the RNC side and RNC configuration data, and check if the data meet the requirement.
4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis
Through the RF optimization data analysis, you can locate and analyze coverage problem, pilotpollution problem, and handover failure.
4.4 RF Optimization Implementation
During the RF optimization implementation, you can modify the engineering parameters and
cell parameters to meet the KPIs.
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4.1 RF optimization Test Preparations
During the RF optimization test preparations, you should perform the tasks of determining
optimization target, grouping clusters, determining test course, and preparing tools and
materials.
Tasks you should perform during the RF optimization test preparations are described as follows:
l Determining optimization target
The RF-related KPIs consist of the following items:
Coverage ratio
Soft handover rate
Pilot pollution rate
l
Grouping clustersBecause of the technical characteristics of UMTS network system, such as cell breathing,
frequency multiplexing factor being 1, RF optimization should be conducted on a group of
NodeB sites.
l Determining test course
Before the drive test, determine the test course after a discussion with the operator. If the
drive test acceptance course is determined, the KPI test course should cover the acceptance
course.
l Preparing tools and materials
4.2 RF optimization Data CollectionDuring the RF optimization data collection, you should gather UE and Scanner data through
drive test, indoor measurement, and signal tracing. You should also gathers call tracing data at
the RNC side and RNC configuration data, and check if the data meet the requirement.
The methods of RF optimization data collection are described as follows:
l Drive test
According to planned service type (full coverage), drive test may choose one of the
following tasks:
The continuous VP service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the 3G
network, which does not carry service during the test.
The continuous Voice service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the
3G network, which does not carry service during the test.
The continuous PS384K service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the
3G network, which does not carry service during the test.
l Indoor measurement
Indoor measurement measures the full coverage service. This test is required by commercial
office (with contract) and pilot office (with planning). Its testing method is the same as that
of the drive test.
The indoor measurement is mainly conducted at the following places:
Indoor coverage zone, such as building, mall, and subway
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Places of high importance, such as government building and gym
The test area required by the operator, such as Very Important Cell (VIC) and Very
Important Person (VIP).
Drive test and indoor measurement are two major methods of data collection. Drive test is
mandatory. Indoor measurement is optional according to the contract or planning.
4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis
Through the RF optimization data analysis, you can locate and analyze coverage problem, pilot
pollution problem, and handover failure.
Coverage Analysis
Coverage analysis is the key part of the RF optimization. The coverage analysis focuses on signal
distribution. Coverage analysis consists of the following activities:l Downlink Coverage analysis
l Uplink Coverage analysis
The common coverage problems are as follows:
l Coverage hole or cells with poor coverage
If the scramble of some cell cannot be detected according to the result of the drive test, it
means that some NodeB does not transmit power or its antenna is blocked.
l Cross-covering cell
If a cell cross covers, its signal exists in its second-circle neighbors.
Cross coverage may result from NodeB height or improper tilt. Cross-covering cell cause
interference to its neighbors and reduce network capacity. Cross coverage may be solved
by increasing the antenna tilt and height.
Do not create a coverage hole when solving cross-covering cell problem.
l An area without dominant cell
This area does not have a dominant cell or the dominant cell changes too frequently.
Handover occurs too frequently in an area without dominant cell. The network performance
is less efficient. The call drop rate increases.
Adjust the antenna tilt and azimuth to strengthen the coverage of one cell (the closer one)
and weaken the coverage of other cells (the distant ones) to solve this problem.
The procedure for coverage analysis is described as follows:
l Downlink coverage analysis is on the CPICH RSCP from the drive test.
The CPICH RSCP that is lower than the threshold value proves downlink coverage
problem.
Analyze the near-far relation of the coverage hole with its neighbor and the surrounding
environment of the coverage hole. Then check whether the CPICH RSCP distribution
of its neighboring NodeBs is normal.
Adjust the antenna tilt and azimuth to improve the coverage. Do not create new coverage
hole when solving the coverage hole problem. If the coverage hole problem cannot be
solved by antenna adjustment, add new NodeBs.
l Uplink coverage analysis is on the UE Tx Power from the drive test.
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The UE TX Power is higher than the threshold value proves uplink coverage problem.
For the area with both problems, solve the downlink coverage problem before solving
the uplink problem.
For the area with only uplink coverage problem, solve the problem by clearing uplink
interference, adjusting antenna tilt and azimuth, and adding TMAs.
Interference Analysis
Interference affects cell capacity and result in call drop and access failure. Interference analysis
consists of the downlink interference analysis and uplink interference analysis.
l Downlink interference analysis: if the CPICH Ec/Io is lower than the threshold value and
the RSCP meets the counter, the downlink interference exists. If the RSCP is poor too, it
is the coverage problem.
l Uplink interference analysis: High RTWP with low traffic volume proves uplink
interference.
Pilot Pollution Analysis
Pilot pollution means several strong pilots exist in one area without a dominant pilot frequency.
Pilot frequency results in decreased Ec/Io, frequent handover, call drop and relatively low
network capacity.
To analyze pilot pollution, perform the following steps:
1. Locate the area with poor Ec/Io value and high RSCP.
2. Check if pilot pollution exists in this area.
3. Locate the cells that cause the pilot pollution.
4. Analyze the RSCP and Ec/Io distribution by strengthening some strong pilots and
weakening some weak pilots. Determine the pilot to be strengthened and the pilot to be
weakened. Give the solution to the pilot pollution.
Handover Failure Analysis
Handover failure analysis consists of the following activities:
l Neighbor optimization: compare the neighbor information and drive test data through the
drive test analysis software. The software gives the advice of neighbor configuration for
every cell. Focus on the problem of missing neighbors. Missing neighbors causes call drop
during handover.
l Soft handover rate optimization: on basis of guaranteeing the coverage, the RF optimization
limits the soft handover rate to an acceptable range. To reduce the soft handover area, you
may increase the antenna tilt, adjust the antenna azimuth, lower antenna height, and weaken
the pilot frequency power.
4.4 RF Optimization Implementation
During the RF optimization implementation, you can modify the engineering parameters and
cell parameters to meet the KPIs.
Most coverage and interference problem can be solved by adjusting engineering parameters thatare described in the following. The priority level descends with the number.
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1. Downtilt
2. Azimuth
3. Antenna height
4. Antenna location
5. Antenna type
6. Adding TMAs
7. Changing NodeB type
For example, the NodeB supporting the 20 W TMA is changed into the NodeB supporting
the 40 W TMA.
8. Site location
9. Newly added NodeB or RRU
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5 Service OptimizationAbout This Chapter
During the service optimization, you can optimize the service and make the network counters
meet the acceptance requirements. The service optimization analyzes the drive test data and
performance data to solve service problems and improve the network counters to meet the
acceptance requirements.
According to the network status, the service optimization can be carried out at the following
stages:
l Before the network carries service
l
After the network carries serviceThe main difference of the two types is that if the number is allocated.
l For the network that does not carry service, the acceptance counters of the operator are
based on the data of the drive test along the KPI drive test course.
l For the network that carries service, the acceptance counters of the operator are the result
of the drive test along the KPI drive test course and the performance indicators.
During the service optimization, the counters to be met contain the following items:
l CS/PS call setup rate
l Call drop rate
l Soft handover rate
l Hard handover rate
l Call delay
l PS throughput
Figure 5-1 shows the flow chart for service optimization.
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Figure 5-1 Flow chart for service optimization
5.1 Service Optimization Data Collection
The service optimization data collection consists of drive test data collection, call tracing data
collection, performance data collection, and configuration data collection.
5.2 Service Optimization Data Analysis
During site verification, the equipment functional problems are solved. During the RF
optimization, the signal coverage problems are solved During service optimization, the problems
concerning the service and the unsolved problems of the earlier phases are analyzed and resolved.
The problem during this phase consists of coverage problem, access failure, handover failure,
and call drop.
5.3 Service Optimization Implementation
5 Service Optimization
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5.1 Service Optimization Data Collection
The service optimization data collection consists of drive test data collection, call tracing data
collection, performance data collection, and configuration data collection.
Drive Test Data Collection
The drive test data is the data collected only at the UE side. During the service optimization, the
drive test data collection is more comprehensive than the RF optimization:
l More services under test: VP, Voice, and PS 384K
l More test methods: continuous call test, dialup test, and automatic test
Call Tracing Data CollectionThe following call tracing data at the NE side is collected:
l User signaling tracing data
l Cell signaling tracing data
l Standard interface signaling tracing data
l Call History Record (CHR) data
l Real-time performance monitoring data
Performance Data CollectionTo locate the radio performance problems at the cell level and network level, you should also
collect the performance data. The WRAN performance data falls into the following categories:
l Access
l Call drop
l Handover
l Traffic volume
l Congestion
Configuration Data Collection
The configuration data collection gathers configuration script file of the RNC. The configuration
data can help locating the problems.
5.2 Service Optimization Data Analysis
During site verification, the equipment functional problems are solved. During the RF
optimization, the signal coverage problems are solved During service optimization, the problems
concerning the service and the unsolved problems of the earlier phases are analyzed and resolved.
The problem during this phase consists of coverage problem, access failure, handover failure,and call drop.
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Coverage Analysis
Because the RF optimization is performed on clusters, there might be coverage problem that
exists in the overlapped areas of the clusters. Service optimization should also solve this problem
since the service optimization better the entire network. For the detailed analysis, refer to section
4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis.
Access Failure Analysis
The access failure analysis checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the counters
described as follows:
l Access counters (drive test): the outgoing access ratio and incoming access ratio of the
Voice, VP, and PS services, the access delay of the Voice, VP, and PS services
l Access counters (performance data): paging ratio, RRC setup ratio, and the RAB setup
ratio.
The access failure makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not meetthe acceptance requirements. The common types of access failure are listed as follows:
l Paging problem
l RRC setup problem
l RAB and RB setup problem
l Authentication and encryption problem
l Equipment fault
You may solve the access failure by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:
l Common channel power ratio: FACH/PCH/PICH/AICH transmit power
l Parameters of cell reselection: startup threshold of reselection, delay time of reselection,
delay of reselection, cell offset
l Parameters of random access: open loop power control constant, power step, and maximum
times of power adjustment
l Parameters of admission algorithm: admission switch and admission threshold
Handover Failure Analysis
Handover failure analysis contains the analysis on drive test data and the analysis on the
performance data. The analysis checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the
corresponding counters described as follows:
l Handover counter (drive test): soft handover rate, hard handover rate, inter-system
handover rate
l Handover counter (performance data): soft handover rate, hard handover rate, inter-system
handover rate
The handover failure makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not
meet the acceptance requirements. The common handover failure consists of the following items:
l Neighbor configuration failure
l Hanover problem (handover delay and frequent handover)
l Equipment fault
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You may solve the handover failure by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:
l Parameters of soft handover: soft handover threshold, delay trigger time, delay, cell offset,
and filtering coefficient
l
Parameters of Inter-system handover: Inter-system handover threshold, delay trigger time,and so on
Call Drop Analysis
The call drop analysis contains the analysis on drive test data and the analysis on the performance
data. It checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the counters described as follows:
l Call drop counters (drive test): Voice service call drop rate, VP service call drop rate, and
PS service call drop rate
l Call drop counters (performance data): Voice service call drop rate, VP service call drop
rate, and PS service call drop rate
The call drop makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not meet the
acceptance requirements. The common problems that cause call drop consists of the following
items:
l Neighbor configuration failure
l Coverage hole
l Strong interference
l Handover failure (handover delay and frequent handover)
l Equipment fault
You may solve the call drop by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:
l Dedicated channel power: maximum downlink transmit power of the radio link, maximum
uplink transmit power of the UE
l Parameters of soft handover: soft handover threshold, delay trigger time, delay, cell offset,
and filtering coefficient
l Parameters of Inter-system handover: Inter-system handover threshold, delay trigger time,
and so on
l The timer and counter related to the call drop
5.3 Service Optimization Implementation
During the service optimization implementation, you can modify the radio configuration
parameters to enhance the performance. When modifying the network planning data, follow the
parameter modifying principles of our company to avoid major accident.
Perform the following preparations:
l Make a detailed data modification plan, which contains the following contents:
Objective
The version of the network equipment and the related instructions
Modification procedures
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The modification details, which include the value change of the parameters after the
modification
The commands
Operation time: is determined by the network security and the operation impact on
services. Modify substantial data and high-security data at midnight, when the trafficvolume is low. If a small quantity of data are modifies and the network security level
is low, dynamically modify the data when the local traffic is not busy.
Measures for faults
l Pre-review the substantial data modification and high-security data modification.
l Submit the application for network operation to the customer before the data modification.
The application should at least includes the following items:
The content of the modification or operation
The purpose of the modification or operation, or the problem to be solved
The time of the operation The resources asked from the customers: personnel, vehicles, and SIM card
Measures for faults
Operation impact on services, which includes the performance data counter
l Back up the original data and record the date in every operation.
Check the following after the modification:
l Back up the latest data file on the BAM and record the date.
l Check if the NodeB and cells work properly after the modification. Conduct the dialup test
to ensure the normal service supply.
l Check the performance data which includes access rate, congestion rate, call drop rate and
handover rate to decide if faults occur. If any fault occurs, determine the solving measures
to ensure the proper running of the equipment.
l Record the data modification and impact so that the engineers can take the modification as
reference during later phases.
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6 Network AcceptanceAbout This Chapter
Based on the performance data and drive test, the network acceptance checks if the optimized
network meets the optimization counters, evaluate the optimized network quality, and display
the network optimization.
The networkoptimization acceptance is triggered when the network performance meets the
requirements.
l The drive test acceptance is triggered when all the counters in the tested area meet the
requirements.
l The traffic statistic acceptance is triggered when all the counters meet the requirements andthe situation is stable for seven days.
6.1 Network Acceptance Counters
Acceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data.
6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance Report
After you finish the network acceptance test, you need to output the network acceptance report
on XXX project and the network optimization report on XXX project.
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6.1 Network Acceptance Counters
Acceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data.
6.1.1 Drive Test Counters
Drive test counters are obtained by drive test along the predefined test course.
6.1.2 Performance Counters
Performance counters are obtained from the traffic measurement.
6.1.1 Drive Test Counters
Drive test counters are obtained by drive test along the predefined test course.
Table 6-1 3G network KPI of the drive test and cell quality test
Counter Description
Call setup rate
of the 12.2K
Voice service
Outgoing access ratio = (the number of calling setups)/(the number of
calling requests) x 100%
Incoming access ratio = (the number of called setups)/(the number of called
requests) x 100%
Call setup rate
of the 64K CS
service
Outgoing access ratio = (the number of calling setups)/(the number of
calling requests) x 100%
Incoming access ratio = (the number of called setups)/(the number of called
requests) x 100%
PDP context
activation ratio
= (the number of activations)/(the number of activation requests) x 100%
Call drop rate of
the 12.2K Voice
service
= (the number of call drops)/(total number of setups) x 100%
Call drop rate of
the 64K CS
service
= (the number of call drops)/(total number of setups) x 100%
Call drop rate ofthe 128K PS
service
= (the number of call drops)/(the number of the PDP context activations)x 100%
Soft handover
rate of the 64K
CS service
l According to the information recorded by drive test tool, the number of
active set update requests received by the VP service UE is A1, the
number of active set update completions sent by the UE is B1.
l Soft handover rate = B1/A1
Connection
delay of the
12.2K Voice
service
The interval from UE sending the RRC connect request to UE receiving
the Alerting message. Record the average value.
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Counter Description
Connection
delay of the 64K
CS service
When the calling party presses the call button, the time is recorded as T0.
When the calling party hears the first ringing, the time is recorded as T1.
The called party answers as soon as he hears the ringing. When the calling
party sees the figure, the time is recorded as T2.
The interval from T0 to T1 is ringing time. The interval from T1 to T2 is
figure time.
The interval from that the calling UE sends ringing message to that the
called UE answers automatically and sends the connect message is T,
which should be obtained beforehand.
Connection delay = T2 - T0 - T
The rate and
delay of inter-
system
handover in CS
domain
(WCDMA to
GSM)
The calculation of inter-system handover rate is described as follows:
l According to the single UE tracing message from the RNC, the number
of RELOCATION REQUIRED messages sent by the RNC to the CNis recorded as A, and the number of IU RELEASE COMMAND
messages received by the RNC is recorded as B. The value of the reason
in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must be Successful
Relocation.
l Inter-system handover rate for a single UE in CS domain (WCDMA to
GSM)= B/A
l Total Inter-system handover rate in CS domain (WCDMA to GSM)=
B/A
The calculation of inter-system delay is described as follows:
l Record every delay from that the RNC sends HANDOVER FROM
UTRAN COMMAND message to that the RNC receives the IURELEASE COMMAND message.
l Average all the delay value. The result value is the Inter-system
handover delay.
The rate of inter-
system
handover in PS
domain
(WCDMA to
GPRS)
l According to the single UE tracing message from the RNC, the number
of the CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN messages sent by the
RNC to the UE is recorded as A, and the number of the IU RELEASE
COMMAND messages received by the RNC is recorded as B. The value
of the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must be
Normal Release.
l
The rate of inter-system handover for a single UE in PS domain(WCDMA to GPRS)= B/A
l The total rate of Inter-system handover in PS domain (WCDMA to
GPRS)=B/A
The time of Data
transmission
break during
Inter-system
handover in PS
domain
(WCDMA to
GPRS)
l Record interval from the failure to the recovery of every Ping.
l Average all the recorded value.
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Type Name Definition
Intra-frequency
hard handover rate
=(The number of the physical link reconfiguration
messages received by the RNC)/(the number of the physical
link reconfiguration messages sent by the RNC)
The physical link reconfiguration is for intra-frequency
hard handover.
Inter-frequency
hard handover rate
=(The number of the physical link reconfiguration
messages received by the RNC)/(the number of the physical
link reconfiguration messages sent by the RNC)
The physical link reconfiguration is for inter-frequency
hard handover.
The rate of inter-
system handover in
CS domain (3G to2G)
=(The number of the successful inter-system handovers in
CS domain)/(the number of the inter-system handovers
attempt in CS domain)l The number of the inter-system handover attempts in CS
domain is the number the RELOCATION REQUIRED
messages sent by the RNC to the CN.
l The number of the successful inter-system handovers in
CS domain is the number of the IU RELEASE
COMMAND messages received by the RNC. The value
of the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message
must be Successful Relocation.
The rate of inter-
system handover in
PS domain (3G to2G)
=(The number of the successful inter-system handovers in
PS domain)/(the number of the inter-system handover
attempts in PS domain)
l The number of the inter-system handover attempts in PS
domain is the number of the CELL CHANGE ORDER
FROM UTRAN messages sent by the RNC to the UE.
l The number of the successful inter-system handovers in
PS domain is the number of the IU RELEASE
COMMAND messages received by the RNC. The value
of the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message
must be Normal Release.
6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance Report
After you finish the network acceptance test, you need to output the network acceptance report
on XXX project and the network optimization report on XXX project.
Network Acceptance Report
The network acceptance report on XXX projectcomprises the following items:
l Background
l Networking mode
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l Acceptance area dividing, KPI test route
l Acceptance counters (drive test and performance data)
l Acceptance method (drive test and performance data)
l
Acceptance result
Network Optimization Report
The network optimization report on XXX projectcomprises the following items:
l Background
l Networking mode
l Optimization process, content, and progress
l Optimization objective (drive test and performance data counters)
l Optimization conclusions
l Single site verification contains the following items:
Testing method
Single site verification analysis: table of problems, table of measures, and table of
unsolved problems
l RF optimization contains the following items:
Testing method
Coverage optimization result:
Cell dominance analysis (CPICH SC)
Downlink coverage analysis (CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/Io)
Uplink coverage analysis (UE Tx Power)
Downlink interference analysis
Uplink interference analysis
Pilot pollution optimization result
Handover optimization result
RF optimization analysis: table of known problems, table of measures, and table of
unsolved problems
l Service optimization contains the following items:
Testing method Service optimization result (drive test):
Analysis on the call setup rate and call drop rate of CS service
Analysis on the call setup rate, call drop rate, and throughput of PS service
Analysis on the inter-system handover rate
Service optimization result (performance data):
Analysis on the accessibility
Analysis on the call drop
Analysis on the mobility
Service optimization analysis:
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7Network Optimization ToolsAbout This Chapter
Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis and can simplify the
network optimization and improve the working efficiency. The tools that you use during network
optimization are: Probe, Assistant, and Nastar.
7.1 Probe
As an air interface test tool for data collection and radio network planning and optimization
verification, the Probe supports the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM or GPRS network systems
7.2 Assistant
As a professional parsing tool for analyzing the radio network background, the Assistant supports
the test data of the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, GPRS network system and the RNC data. It also
supports the formats of the drive test data provided by the main manufacturers. The Assistant
provides: combined analysis on uplink and downlink data, intelligent expert system, event
simulation, displaying, statistics, filtering, and reporting.
7.3 Nastar
The Nastar perform the comprehensive analysis on the performance data, CHR, call tracing, and
data configuration on an integrated platform, and support the functions of querying by theme,
intelligent expert system, weekly reporting, monthly reporting, reporting on health check, and
configuration check. The Nastar can help the operator to locate and solve network problems and
promote the working efficiency of the site engineers.
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7.1 Probe
As an air interface test tool for data collection and radio network planning and optimization
verification, the Probe supports the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM or GPRS network systems
The uses of the Probe are described as follows:
l Test network quality and radio parameters.
l Decode the message of the Uu interface and display the information of data, cell, and
geographical location in real-time.
l Monitor, trace, and test the status of the system in real-time.
The main functions of the Probe are listed as follows:
l Supporting multi-mode test in WCDMA/HSDPA/GSM/GPRS
l Supporting CS and PS measurement
l Supporting multi-UE test
l Supporting Scanner test
l Supporting indoor measurement
l Presetting test plan
l Supporting judgment of predefined events
l Supporting hardware alarm
l Filtering test parameter
l Automatically saving, exporting, and play backing, log file
l Displaying co-activated information
l Geographically displaying wireless measurement parameter in real-time
l Supporting dynamic and static adjustment to GPS information
l Displaying and parsing the messages of the Uu interface
l Displaying RLC and APP throughput
l Displaying custom parameters
l Supporting GPS time synchronization
7.2 Assistant
As a professional parsing tool for analyzing the radio network background, the Assistant supports
the test data of the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, GPRS network system and the RNC data. It also
supports the formats of the drive test data provided by the main manufacturers. The Assistant
provides: combined analysis on uplink and downlink data, intelligent expert system, event
simulation, displaying, statistics, filtering, and reporting.
The uses of the Assistant are described as follows:
l Have a panorama view of network performance.
l Locate the network troubles.
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l Improve the network quality.
l Verify the network planning and optimization.
Table 7-1 lists the functions of the Assistant.
Table 7-1 Functions of the Assistant
Function Description
Analyzing the test
data in WCDMA -
GSM dual mode
The Assistant analyzes the test data in the WCDMA and GSM
networks. It also supports the display of engineering parameters and
real-time data.
Importing multiple
test device data
The Assistant imports test data from:
l GENEX Probe
l Huawei RNC
l DTI Scanner
l Anritsu Scanner
l Agilent E6474A
l Agilent E7476A
The Assistant offers Excellent display and analysis of the test
counters.
Flexibly adding the
type of the drive test
data
With the Assistant, update one file to add a device type.
Four geographic
binning modes and
three data sampling
methods
The four geographic binning modes are:
l Distance binning
l Grid binning
l Time binning
l No binning
The three data sampling methods are:
l Average value
l Maximum value
l
Minimum value
Independent analysis
on the drive test
device
Independent display and analysis of the devices and the frequencies
Environment of
scrambling code
multiplexing
The Assistant analyzes the environments for scrambling codes
multiplexing in a large-scale network.
Automatically
combining the drive
test devices
The Assistant automatically combines the drive test devices.
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Function Description
Analyzing the
measurement data of
uplink and downlink
in an integrated
manner
By synchronizing the GPS time, the Assistant can display the drive
test data and the RNC data simultaneously. This enables integrated
analysis of uplink and downlink data that includes RNC subscriber
tracing signaling.
Analyzing by the
geographical area or
time span
After the Assistant locks the geographical area or the time span, the
specified data becomes the basis for later analysis.
Displaying the drive
test track
The Assistant automatically displays drive test track and adjusts the
display parameters.
Test data playback The Assistant supports:
l Test data playback both automatically and manually
l Display of the measurement parameters of problems in detail
l Quick troubleshooting
Multiple data display
modes
The data display modes which integrate the common operation
methods consist of the following :
l Map
l Curve chart
l Customized XY chart
l PDF chart
l ExcelFor map mode, the Assistant provides:
l Fast pilot relation line
l Layer offset
l Overlapped path filtering
l Area memory
l Display and control of engineering parameters
For curve chart mode, the Assistant supports:
l Dynamic modification and dragging of data curves
l Graph zooming
l Graph rotating
l Chart customization
For Excel mode, the Assistant supports:
l Searching
l Copying
l Calculation
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Function Description
Bidirectional multi-
window co-
activation
The Assistant supports the data co-activation among maps, charts,
Excels, and signaling events.
Displaying the real-
time attribute data
The Assistant offers the real-time display of:
l Scanner coverage
l UE pilot information
Parsing Layer 3
signaling
The Assistant supports the Layer 3 signaling parsing. The signaling
parsing contains:
l RRC
l NAS
l RR
The Assistant searches a text by:
l Message name
l Message body
Various application
analysis items
For the Scanner data, the Assistant supports the following item:
l Handover event simulation
l Pilot pollution analysis
l Soft handover statistics
l Neighbor analysis
l Detailed analysis report
For the UE data, the Assistant provides the analysis reports on:
l UE network event predefinition
l PS service statistics
l CS service statistics
Exporting data in
different display
formats
The Assistant supports the data export in different display formats,
such as:
l .bmp format
l .txt format
l .xls format
Filtering the data by
indicator
The assistant filter the imported data by indicator.
Word collector With the word collector, the Assistant exports the browsed pictures
and Excels to a Word file, thus saving many copying and posting.
Simulating the
Scanner single site
closure
The Assistant simulates the changes of the pilot signal brought by the
site closure to determine the impact of the site on the pilot frequency.
The focus should be on the recalculation of the RSSI on the drive test
point covered by the site.
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Function Description
Automatically
matching RNC
messages
The Assistant supports the automatic matching between the RNC
messages and UE messages when importing the RNC data.
Analyzing the
HSDPA statistics
The data reflects the following items:
l Current network performance
l Parameter configuration
l Rate statistics
l Channel decoding statistics
l Service performance
Summarizing the
KPIs by sites
The Assistant sums up the KPIs by site. These KPIs are:
l Soft handover
l Call setup
l Call drop
l Call setup failure
Intelligent report
system
The Assistant automatically generates a drive test report.
7.3 NastarThe Nastar perform the comprehensive analysis on the performance data, CHR, call tracing, and
data configuration on an integrated platform, and support the functions of querying by theme,
intelligent expert system, weekly reporting, monthly reporting, reporting on health check, and
configuration check. The Nastar can help the operator to locate and solve network problems and
promote the working efficiency of the site engineers.
The uses of the Nastar are described as follows:
l Analyze and locate the network problems.
l Monitor the performance of the entire network
Table 7-2 describes the functions of the Nastar.
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Function Description
Optimization
solutions for intra-
frequency
neighbor
On basis of the analysis on the performance data, CHR, and engineering
parameters, the Nastar locates the problems of neighbor configuration
and gives the solutions to optimize the neighbors and ensures the network
mobility.
You may perform the following operations to optimize the neighbors
with the Nastar:
l Querying the original record of the cell configuration
l Intelligent analyzing on neighbor optimization
l Querying the handover record
l Querying the Top N neighbor configuration
l Generating the report on neighbor optimization
Solutions for pilot
pollution
On basis of the analysis on the engineering configuration parameters,
CHR, and engineering parameters, the Nastar analyzes the pilot
pollution.
The user can view the analyzing result on the map and research the
analyzing report.
For analyzing the pilot pollution, the Nastar provides the following
functions:
l Statistics on the areas with pilot pollution
l Geographically analyzing the pilot pollution
l Generating the report on pilot pollution analysis
Solutions forcoverage analysis
On basis of the analysis on the configuration data and IOS data, theNastar analyzes the coverage.
l Downlink common pilot channel coverage analysis
l Link quality analysis
l Cross coverage analysis
l Report on coverage analysis
Solutions for
interference
analysis
On basis of the analysis on the configuration data, RTWP data, and
engineering parameters, the Nastar analyzes the interference.
Configurationcheck
On basis of the analysis on the performance, configuration data, andengineering parameters, the Nastar checks and compares the following
configuration data to ensure the correctness and reasonability of the data:
l Querying the configuration data geographically
l Comparing the MML commands of different versions
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