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FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges general

Pressure ClassFlanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange FacesFlange Face FinishGaskets and BoltsTorque TighteningBolt TensioningMaterials acc. to ASTM

DEFINITION & DETAILS

OF SPECIAL FLANGESOrifice Flanges and PlatesSpectacle blind-spades-spacersLWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges

Texas FlangeTexas Flange provides ASME Code and Non Code Industrial flanges for the Petrochemical, Process, and

Waterworks industries.

Definition and details of flanges

FLANGES GENERAL

A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping

system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. Flanges are

usually welded or screwed. Flanged joints are made by bolting together two flanges with a

gasket between them to provide a seal.

Image of a typical flange connection.

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Pipe flanges are manufactured in all the different materials. Some flanges are made of cast

and ductile iron, but the most used material is forged carbon steel and have machined

surfaces.

TYPES OF FLANGES

The most used flange types in Petro and chemical industry are:

Welding Neck Flange

Slip On Flange

Socket Weld Flange

Lap Joint Flange

Threaded Flange

Blind Flange

All types except the Lap Joint flange are provided with a raised flange face.

Image of most common flange types.

More about flange faces, you will find in the main menu "Flanges", or in the page menu on the

right of this page.

SPECIAL FLANGES

Except the flanges, which are mentioned above, there are still a number of special flanges

such as:

Orifice Flanges

Spectacle Blinds (part of flange connection)

Spades and Ring Spacers (part of flange connection)

Long Welding Neck Flanges

Weldoflange / Nipoflange

Expander Flange

Reducing Flange

More about special flanges, you will find in the main menu "Flanges", or in the page menu on

the right of this page.

MATERIALS FOR FLANGES

The most common materials used in flanges produced is carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron,

aluminium, brass, bronze, plastic et cetera.

In addition, flanges, like fittings and pipes, for specific purposes sometimes internally equipped

with layers of materials of a completely different quality as the flanges themselves, which are

"lined flanges".

The material of a flange, is basically set during the choice of the pipe, in most cases, a flange

is of the same material as the pipe.

All flanges, discussed on this website fall under the ASME en ASTM standards, unless otherwise

indicated. ASME B16.5 describes dimensions, dimensional tolerances et cetera and ASTM the

different material qualities.

DIMENSIOS OF FLANGES

Each flange according to ASME B16.5 has a number of standard dimensions.

If a draftsman in Japan or the work preparer in Canada or a pipefitter in Australia is speaking

about a Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40 according to ASME B16.5, then it goes over the

flange which in the image here below is shown.

If the flange is ordered, the supplier want to know the material quality. For example ASTM

A105 is a forged carbon steel flange, while A182 is a forged stainless steel flange.

So, in a correct order to a supplier two standards must be specified:

Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40-ASME B16.5 / ASTM A105.

BOLTED FLANGE CONNECTIONS

A bolted flange connection is a complex combination of many factors (Flange, Bolts, Process,

Temperature, Pressure, Medium).

All these various elements are interrelated and depend upon one another to achieve a

successful result.

The reliability of the flanged joint depends critically upon competent control of the joint making

process.

Quoting from John H. Bickford's book, "An Introduction to the Design and Behavior

of Bolted Joints":

That all important clamping force which holds the joint together - and without which there

would be no joint - is not created by a good joint designer, nor by high quality parts. It is

created by the mechanic on the job site, using the tools, procedures, and working conditions

we have provided him with... And further: The final, essential creator of the force is the

mechanic, and the time of creation is during assembly. So it's very important for us to

understand this process.

The industry has recognized the critical nature of installation and assembly for several years.

In Europe, the emphasis has been on ensuring that joint making is undertaken by trained and

validated technicians and this has led to the publication of a European Technical standard: TS

EN 1591 Part 4 entitled "Flanges and their joints. Design rules for gasketed circular flange

connections. Qualification of personnel competency in the assembly of bolted joints fitted to

equipment subject to the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)".

The standard provides a methodology for the training and assessment of technicians involved

in the making and breaking of flange joints and can be viewed as being analogous to the

training required for welders involved with pressure vessel work. Its publication demonstrates

the importance placed upon the competent control of joint making process in ensuring leak-

free performance from the flange.

The gasket is but one of many reasons a bolted flange joint connection can leak.

Even when all the complex inter-related components of a bolted joint flange connection work

in perfect harmony, the single most important factor leading to success or failure of that bolted

flange connection will be attention given to proper installation and assembly procedures by the

person installing the gasket. If done properly, the assembly will remain leak-free for the target

life expectancy.

FLANGED CONNECTIONS VERSUS WELDED CONNECTIONS

There are no standards that define whether or not flange connections may be used.

In a newly built factory is customary to minimize flange connections, because only one weld is

needed to connect two pieces of pipe.

This saves the costs of two flanges, the gasket, the stud bolts, the second weld, the cost of

NDT for the second weld, etc..

Some other disadvantages of flange connections:

Each flange connection can leak (some people claim that a flange connection is never

100 percent leak proof).

Flanged pipe systems need much more space (just think of a pipe rack).

Insulation of flanged pipe systems is more expensive (special flange caps).

Of course, flange connections have great benefits; some examples:

A new line can contain multiple pipe spools and can be manufactured in a workshop.

This pipe spools can be assembled in the plant without the need to be welded.

NDO (X-ray, Hydro test etc.) in the plant is not necessary, because this has been done

in the workshop.

Blasting and painting in the plant is not necessary, because even this has been done in

a workshop (only paint damages during installation should be repaired).

As with many things, everything has its pros and cons.

© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert

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FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges general

Pressure Class

Flanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange FacesFlange Face FinishGaskets and BoltsTorque TighteningBolt TensioningMaterials acc. to ASTM

Dylan GroupOur range of steel piping products is one of the world's largest, and is sourced only from carefully selected

manufacturers.



Definition and details of flanges - Pressure class -

PRESSURE CLASS

The Pressure Class or Rating for flanges will be given in pounds. Different names are used to

indicate a Pressure Class. For example: 150 Lb or 150 Lbs or 150# or Class 150, all are means

the same.

Forged steel flanges are made in seven primary ratings:

150Lbs - 300Lbs - 400Lbs - 600Lbs - 900Lbs - 1500Lbs - 2500Lbs




http://www.dylangroup.com/























The concept of flange ratings likes clearly. A Class 300 flange can handle more pressure than a

Class 150 flange, because a Class 300 flange are constructed with more metal and can

withstand more pressure. However, there are a number of factors that can impact the pressure

capability of a flange.

EXAMPLE

Flanges can withstand different pressures at different temperatures. As temperature increases,

the pressure rating of the flange decreases. For example, a Class 150 flange is rated to

approximately 270 PSIG at ambient conditions, 180 PSIG at approximately 400°F, 150 PSIG at

approximately 600°F, and 75 PSIG at approximately 800°F. In other words, when the pressure

goes down, the temperature goes up and vice versa.

Additional factors are that flanges can be constructed from different materials, such as

stainless steel, cast and ductile iron, carbon steel et cetera. Each material have different

pressure ratings.

PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATINGS

Pressure-temperature ratings are maximum allowable working gage pressures in bar units at

the temperatures in degrees celsius. For intermediate temperatures, linear interpolation is

permitted. Interpolation between class designations is not permitted.

Pressure-temperature ratings apply to flanged joints that conform to the limitations on bolting

and on gaskets, which are made up in accordance with good practice for alignment and

assembly. Use of these ratings for flanged joints not conforming to these limitations is the

responsibility of the user.

The temperature shown for a corresponding pressure rating is the temperature of the

pressure-containing shell of the component. In general, this temperature is the same as that of

the contained fluid. Use of a pressure rating corresponding to a temperature other than that of

the contained fluid is the responsibility of the user, subject to the requirements of applicable

codes and regulations. For any temperature below -29°C, the rating shall be no greater than

the rating shown for -29°C.

As an example, below you will find two tables with material groups acc. to ASTM, and two other tableswith flange pressure-temperature ratings for those ASTM materials acc. to ASME B16.5.

ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials ASTM Group 2-2.3 Materials

NominalDesignation

Forgings Castings PlatesNominalDesignation

Forgings

C-Si A105(1) A216Gr.WCB(1)

A515Gr.70(1)

16Cr-12Ni-2Mo

A182Gr.F316L

C-Mn-SiA350Gr.LF2(1)

-A516Gr.70(1),(2)

18Cr-13Ni-3Mo

A182Gr.F317L

C-Mn-Si-VA350Gr.LF6 Cl 1(3)

-A537Cl.1(4)

18Cr-8NiA182Gr.F304L(

3½NiA350Gr.LF3

- -

NOTES: (1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 425°C, the carbide phase

of steel may be converted to graphite. Permissible but not recommended for prolonged use above 425°C.

(2) Do not use over 455°C. (3) Do not use over 260°C. (4) Do not use over 370°C.

NOTE: (1) Do not use over 425

Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials

Working pressures by classes, BAR

Temp.°C 150 300 400 600 900

-29 to 38 19.6 51.1 68.1 102.1 153.2

50 19.2 50.1 66.8 100.2 150.4

100 17.7 46.6 62.1 93.2 139.8

150 15.8 45.1 60.1 90.2 135.2

200 13.8 43.8 58.4 87.6 131.4

250 12.1 41.9 55.9 83.9 125.8

300 10.2 39.8 53.1 79.6 119.5

325 9.3 38.7 51.6 77.4 116.1

350 8.4 37.6 50.1 75.1 112.7

375 7.4 36.4 48.5 72.7 109.1

400 6.5 34.7 46.3 69.4 104.2

425 5.5 28.8 38.4 57.5 86.3

450 4.6 23 30.7 46 69

475 3.7 17.4 23.2 34.9 52.3

500 2.8 11.8 15.7 23.5 35.3

538 1.4 5.9 7.9 11.8 17.7

Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-2.3 Materials

Working pressures by classes, BAR

Temp.°C 150 300 400 600 900

-29 to 38 15.9 41.4 55.2 82.7 124.1

50 15.3 40 53.4 80 120.1

100 13.3 34.8 46.4 69.6 104.4

150 12 31.4 41.9 62.8 94.2

200 11.2 29.2 38.9 58.3 87.5

250 10.5 27.5 36.6 54.9 82.4

300 10 26.1 34.8 52.1 78.2

325 9.3 25.5 34 51 76.4

350 8.4 25.1 33.4 50.1 75.2

375 7.4 24.8 33 49.5 74.3

400 6.5 24.3 32.4 48.6 72.9

425 5.5 23.9 31.8 47.7 71.6

450 4.6 23.4 31.2 46.8 70.2

© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.

We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein

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FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges generalPressure Class

Flanges types

Bolt Hole OrientationFlange Faces


















Flange Face FinishGaskets and BoltsTorque TighteningBolt TensioningMaterials acc. to ASTM





Definition and details of flanges - Types of flanges -

FLANGE TYPES

As already before described, the most used flange types acc. to ASME B16.5 are:

Welding Neck, Slip On, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Threaded and Blind flange.

Here below you will find a short description and definition of each type, completed with an

detailed image.

WELDING NECK FLANGE

Welding Neck Flanges are easy to recognize at the long tapered hub, that goes gradually over

to the wall thickness from a pipe or fitting.

The long tapered hub provides an important reinforcement for use in several applications

involving high pressure, sub-zero and / or elevated temperatures. The smooth transition from

flange thickness to pipe or fitting wall thickness effected by the taper is extremely beneficial,

under conditions of repeated bending, caused by line expansion or other variable forces.

These flanges are bored to match the inside diameter of the mating pipe or fitting so there will

be no restriction of product flow. This prevents turbulence at the joint and reduces erosion.

They also provide excellent stress distribution through the tapered hub and are easily

radiographed for flaw detection.

This flange type will be welded to a pipe or fitting with a single full penetration, V weld

(Buttweld).

Image of details Welding Neck flange.

SLIP On FLANGE










The calculated strength from a Slip On flange under internal pressure is of the order of two-

thirds that of welding neck flanges, and their life under fatigue is about one-third that of the

latter.

The connection with the pipe is done with 2 fillet welds, as well at the outside as also at the

inside of the flange.

The X measure on the image, are approximately:

Wall thickness of pipe + 3 mm.

This space is necessary, to do not damage the flange face, during the welding process.

A disadvantage of the flange is, that principle always firstly a pipe must be welded and then

just a fitting. A combination of flange and elbow or flange and tee is not possible, because

named fittings have not a straight end, that complete slid in the Slip On flange.

Image of details Slip On flange.

Socket Weld FLANGE

Socket Weld flanges were initially developed for use on small-size high pressure piping. Their

static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength 50% greater than double-

welded Slip On flanges.

The connection with the pipe is done with 1 fillet weld, at the outside of the flange. But before

welding, a space must be created between flange or fitting and pipe.

ASME B31.1 1998 127.3 Preparation for Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly says:

In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to the

maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) away from contact

between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket.

The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a socket weld is usually to reduce the residual

stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal. The

image shows you the X measure for the expansion gap.

The disadvantage of this flange is right the gap, that must be made. By corrosive products,

and mainly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack between pipe and flange can give

corrosion problems. In some processes this flange is also not allowed. I am not an expert in

this matter, but on the internet, you will find a lot of information about forms of corrosion.

Also for this flange counts, that principle always firstly a pipe must be welded and then just a

fitting.

Image of details Socket Weld Flange.Remark(s) of the author...

Lap Joint FLANGE

Lap Joint Flanges have all the same common dimensions as any other flange named on this

page however it does not have a raised face, they used in conjunction with a "Lap Joint Stub

End".

These flanges are nearly identical to a Slip On flange with the exception of a radius at the

intersection of the flange face and the bore to accommodate the flanged portion of the stub

end.

Their pressure-holding ability is little, if any, better than that of Slip On flanges and the fatigue

life for the assembly is only one tenth that of welding neck flanges.

They may be used at all pressures and are available in a full size range. These flanges slip over

the pipe, and are not welded or otherwise fastened to it. Bolting pressure is transmitted to the

gasket by the pressure of the flange against the back of the pipe lap (Stub End).

Lap Joint flanges have certain special advantages:

Freedom to swivel around the pipe facilitates the lining up of opposing flange bolt

holes.

Lack of contact with the fluid in the pipe often permits the use of inexpensive

carbon steel flanges with corrosion resistant pipe.

In systems which erode or corrode quickly, the flanges may be salvaged for re-use.

Image of details Lap Joint Flange.Remark(s) of the author...

Stub End

A Stub End always will be used with a Lap Joint flange, as a backing flange.

This flange connections are applied, in low-pressure and non critical applications, and is a

cheap method of flanging.

In a stainless steel pipe system, for example, a carbon steel flange can be applied, because

they are not come in contact with the product in the pipe.

Stub Ends are available in almost all pipe diameters. Dimensions and dimensional tolerances

are defined in the ASME B.16.9 standard. Light-weight corrosion resistant Stub Ends (fittings)

are defined in MSS SP43.

Image of Stub End with Lap Joint Flange.

THREADED FLANGE

Threaded Flanges are used for special circumstances with their main advantage being that

they can be attached to the pipe without welding. Sometimes a seal weld is also used in

conjunction with the threaded connection.

Although still available in most sizes and pressure ratings, screwed fittings today are used

almost exclusively in smaller pipe sizes.

A threaded flange or fitting is not suitable for a pipe system with thin wall thickness, because

cutting thread on a pipe is not possible. Thus, thicker wall thickness must be chosen...what is

thicker ?

ASME B31.3 Piping Guide says:

Where steel pipe is threaded and used for steam service above 250 psi or for water service

above 100 psi with water temperatures above 220° F, the pipe shall be seamless and have a

thickness at least equal to schedule 80 of ASME B36.10.

Image of details Threaded flange.Remark(s) of the author...

BLIND FLANGE

Blind Flanges are manufactured without a bore and used to blank off the ends of piping, valves

and pressure vessel openings.

From the standpoint of internal pressure and bolt loading, blind flanges, particularly in the

larger sizes, are the most highly stressed flange types.

However, most of these stresses are bending types near the center, and since there is no

standard inside diameter, these flanges are suitable for higher pressure temperature

applications.

Image of details Blind flange.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.




FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges generalPressure ClassFlanges types

Bolt Hole Orientation

Flange FacesFlange Face FinishGaskets and BoltsTorque TighteningBolt Tensioning





















Materials acc. to ASTM





Definition and details of flanges - Bolt holes -

BOLT HOLES FOR FLANGES

Just as already circumscribed, ASME B16.5 is also de standard for the number and the

diameter of the bolt holes in a flange.

The numbers and diameters diverge per Pressure Class, but is for every typ of flange in a

specific Pressure Class the same.

The bolt holes are be similar divided over the diameter of the bolt circle, and the number is

always an even number (4, 8, 12, 16 et cetera).

BOLT HOLE ORIENTATION

During the prefab of a flange to for example a elbow, the position of the bolt holes are of

particular importance. Maybe you have ever seen the following on a drawing:

All flange bolt holes straddle the centerlines

That means:

1. For a vertical flange face (the flange face in the vertical and the line is horizontal) the bolt

holes want to be orientated to straddle the vertical and horizontal centerlines.

Image of correct vertical position.

Image of incorrect vertical position.

2. For a horizontal flange face (the flange face is horizontal and the line is vertical above or

vertical down) the bolt holes want to be orientated to straddle the Plant North centerlines. See

below on this page, a image of a plant north situation.

Image of correct horizontal position.

Image of incorrect horizontal position.

It is very important, that is not deviated from the standard bolt hole orientation. Only on

explicit request, e.g. of the customer, may be a different orientation be applied.






In 99 percent of all cases, where you will see a different orientation, you can assume that it is a

mistake.

This centerline rule for flanges, understood and followed by all responsible equipment

manufacturers and piping fabricators.

PLANT NORTH

A plant north, is a horizontal reference point, and is derived from an official geographical

reference point. A plant north is applied...see more about plant coordinates in the main menu

"DOCS".

1 = Official reference point

2 = South West angle of new plant

X = East West distance from new plant to reference point

Y = North South distance from new plant to reference point© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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Definition and details of flanges - Flange Faces -

FLANGE FACES














Different types of flange faces are used as the contact surfaces to seat the sealing gasket

material.

ASME B16.5 and B16.47 define various types of flange facings, including the raised face, the

large male and female facings which have identical dimensions to provide a relatively large

contact area.

Other flange facings covered by these standards include the large and small tongue-and-

groove facings, and the ring joint facing specifically for ring joint type metal gaskets.

RAISED FACE (RF)

The raised face flange face is the most common type used in process plant applications, and

is easily to identify. It is referred to as a raised face because the gasket surfaces are raised

above the bolting circle face. This face type allows the use of a wide combination of gasket

designs, including flat ring sheet types and metallic composites such as spiral wound and

double jacketed types. The purpose of a RF flange is to concentrate more pressure on a

smaller gasket area and thereby increase the pressure containment capability of the joint.

Diameter and height are in ASME B16.5 defined, by pressure class and diameter. Pressure

rating of the flange determines the height of the raised face.

The typical flange face finish for ASME B16.5 RF flanges is 125 to 250 µin Ra (3 to 6 µm Ra).

Raised Face height

For the height measures H and B of all described dimensions of flanges on this website, with

exception of the Lap Joint flange, it is important to understand and remember the following:

In Pressure Classes 150 and 300 Lbs, the height of raised face is approximately

1.6 mm (1/16 inch).

In these two Pressure Classes, almost all suppliers of flanges, show in their catalog or

brochure, the H and B dimensions including the raised face height. See figure 1 on the image

below.

In Pressure Classes 400, 600, 900, 1500 & 2500 Lbs, the height of raised face is approximately

6.4 mm (1/4 inch). In these Pressure Classes, most suppliers show the H and B dimensions

excluding the raised face height. See figure 2 on the image above.

FLAT FACE (FF)

The flat face flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle face.

Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating flange or flanged

fitting is made from a casting.

Flat face flanges are never to be bolted to a raised face flange. ASME B31.1 says that when

connecting flat face cast iron flanges to carbon steel flanges, the raised face on the carbon

steel flange must be removed, and that a full face gasket is required. This is to keep the thin,

bittle cast iron flange from being sprung into the gap caused by the raised face of the carbon

steel flange.

RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)

The ring type joint flanges are typically used in high pressure (Class 600 and higher rating)

and/or high temperature services above 800°F (427°C). They have grooves cut into their faces

which steel ring gaskets. The flanges seal when tightened bolts compress the gasket between

the flanges into the grooves, deforming (or Coining) the gasket to make intimate contact inside

the grooves, creating a metal to metal seal.

An RTJ flange may have a raised face with a ring groove machined into it. This raised face does

not serve as any part of the sealing means. For RTJ flanges that seal with ring gaskets, the

raised faces of the connected and tightened flanges may contact each other. In this case the

compressed gasket will not bear additional load beyond the bolt tension, vibration and

movement cannot further crush the gasket and lessen the connecting tension.

Ring Type Joint gaskets

Ring Type Joint gaskets are metallic sealing rings, suitable for high-pressure and high-

temperature applications. They are always applied to special, accompanying flanges which

ensure good, reliable sealing with the correct choice of profiles and material.

Ring Type Joint gaskets are designed to seal by "initial line contact" or wedging action between

the mating flange and the gasket. By applying pressure on the seal interface through bolt

force, the "softer" metal of the gasket flows into the microfine structure of the harder flange

material, and creating a very tight and efficient seal.

Most applied type is style R ring that is manufactured in accordance with ASME B16.20 used

with ASME B16.5 flanges, class 150 to 2500.

Style R ring type joints are manufactured in both oval and octagonal configurations. The

octagonal cross section has a higher sealing efficiency than the oval and would be the

preferred gasket. However, only the oval cross section can be used in the old type round

bottom groove. The newer flat bottom groove design will accept either the oval or the

octagonal cross section. The sealing surfaces on the ring joint grooves must be smoothly

finished to 63 Microinches and be free of objectionable ridges, tool or chatter marks. They seal

by an initial line contact or a wedging action as the compressive forces are applied. The

hardness of the ring should always be less than the hardness of the flanges.

Style R ring type joints are designed to seal pressure up to 6,250 psi in accordance with ASME

B16.5 pressure ratings and up to 5,000 psi.

TONGUE-AND-GROOVE (T&G)

The tongue and groove faces of this flanges must be matched. One flange face has a raised

ring (Tongue) machined onto the flange face while the mating flange has a matching

depression (Groove) machined into it's face.

Tongue-and-groove facings are standardized in both large and small types. They differ from

male-and-female in that the inside diameters of the tongue-and-groove do not extend into the

flange base, thus retaining the gasket on its inner and outer diameter. These are commonly

found on pump covers and valve bonnets.

Tongue-and-groove joints also have an advantage in that they are self-aligning and act as a

reservoir for the adhesive. The scarf joint keeps the axis of loading in line with the joint and

does not require a major machining operation.

General flange faces such as the RTJ, T&G and the F&M shall never be bolted together. The

reason for this is that the contact surfaces do not match and there is no gasket that has one

type on one side and another type on the other side.

MALE-AND-FEMALE (M&F)

With this type the flanges also must be matched. One flange face has an area that extends

beyond the normal flange face (Male). The other flange or mating flange has a matching

depression (Female) machined into it's face.

The female face is 3/16-inch deep, the male face is 1/4-inch high, and both are smooth

finished. The outer diameter of the female face acts to locate and retain the gasket. Custom

male and female facings are commonly found on the heat exchanger shell to channel and

cover flanges.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF T&G AND M&F FLANGE FACES

Advantages:

Better sealing properties, more precise location and exact compression af sealing material,

utilization of other, more suitable sealing and spezialized sealing material (O-rings).

Disadvantages:

Commercial availabillity and cost. Normal raised faced is far more common and ready available

both regarding valves, flanges and sealing material. Another complexity is that some rigid

rules must be applied to the piping design. Do you order valves to be female end both sides, or

on one side maybe, in which case do you point all male ends in the flow direction, or what.

Same applies to any flanged joint / vessel connection of course.

Other flange descriptions:

Flanges general | Pressure Class | Flanges types | Bolt Hole Orientation | Flange Faces

| Flange Face Finish |

Gaskets and Bolts | Torque Tightening | Bolt Tensioning | Materials acc. to ASTM © Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges generalPressure ClassFlanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange Faces

Flange Face Finish

Gaskets and BoltsTorque TighteningBolt TensioningMaterials acc. to ASTM



Definition and details of flanges - Flange face finish -

FLANGE FACE FINISH

The ASME B16.5 code requires that the flange face (raised face and flat face) has a specific

roughness to ensure that this surface be compatible with the gasket and provide a high quality

seal.

Image of serrated texture on Raised Face.



































A serrated finish, either concentric or spiral, is required with 30 to 55 grooves per inch and a

resultant roughness between 125 and 500 micro inches. This allows for various grades of

surface finish to be made available by flange manufactures for the gasket contact surface of

metal flanges.

THE MOST USED SURFACES ARE

Stock Finish

The most widely used of any flange surface finish, because practically, is suitable for all

ordinary service conditions. Under compression, the soft face from a gasket will embed into

this finish, which helps create a seal, and a high level of friction is generated between the

mating surfaces. The finish for these flanges is generated by a 1.6 mm radius round-nosed tool

at a feed rate of 0.8 mm per revolution up to 12 inch. For sizes 14 inch and larger, the finish is

made with 3.2 mm round-nosed tool at a feed of 1.2 mm per revolution.

Spiral Serrated

This is also a continuous or phonographic spiral groove, but it differs from the stock finish in

that the groove typically is generated using a 90-deg tool which creates a "V" geometry with

45° angled serration.

Concentric Serrated

As the name suggests, this finish is comprised of concentric grooves. A 90°tool is used and the

serrations are spaced evenly across the face.

Smooth Finish

This finish shows no visually apparent tool markings. These finishes are typically utilized for

gaskets with metal facings such as double jacketed, flat steel and corrugated metal. The

smooth surfaces mate to create a seal and depend on the flatness of the opposing faces to

effect a seal. This is typically achieved by having the gasket contact surface formed by a

continuous (sometimes called phonographic) spiral groove generated by a 0.8 mm radius

round-nosed tool at a feed rate of 0.3 mm per revolution with a depth of 0.05 mm. This will

result in a roughness between Ra 3.2 and 6.3 micrometers (125 - 250 micro inch).© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges generalPressure ClassFlanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange FacesFlange Face Finish

Gaskets and Bolts

Torque TighteningBolt TensioningMaterials acc. to ASTM


OF SPECIAL FLANGESOrifice Flanges and PlatesSpectacle blind-spades-spacers

























LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges


GASKETS

To realize a leak-free flange connection gaskets are necessary.

Gaskets are compressible sheets or rings used to make a fluid-resistant seal between two

surfaces. Gaskets are built to operate under extreme temperature and pressures and are

available in a wide range of metallic, semi-metallic and non-metallic materials.

The principle of sealing, for example, is the compression from a gasket between two flanges. A

gaskets fills the microscopic spaces and irregularities of the flange faces and then it forms a

seal that is designed to keep liquids and gases. Correct installation of damage free gaskets is a

requirement for a leak-free flange connection.

On this website gaskets according to ASME B16.20 (Metallic and semi-metallic gaskets for Pipe

flanges) and ASME B16.21 (Nonmetallic flat gaskets for pipe flanges) will be defined.

On the Gaskets page you will find more details concerning types, materials and dimensions.

BOLTS

To connect two flanges with each other, also bolts are necessary.

The quantity will be given by the number of bolt holes in a flange, diameter and length of bolts

is dependent of flange type and Pressure Class of flange.

The most used bolts in Petro and chemical industry for ASME B16.5 flanges are stud bolts. Stud

bolts are made from a threaded rod and using two nuts. The other available type is the

machine bolt that using one nut. On this site only stud bolts will be discussed.

Dimensions, dimensional tolerances et cetera have been defined in the ASME B16.5 and ASME

18.2.2 standard, materials in different ASTM standards.

On the Stud bolts page you will find more details concerning materials and dimensions.

See also Torque Tightening and Bolt Tensioning in the mainmenu "Flanges" or on the right of

this page.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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http://www.wermac.org/others/studs.html

http://www.wermac.org/others/gaskets.html




www.enerpac.com

FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges generalPressure ClassFlanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange FacesFlange Face FinishGaskets and Bolts

Torque Tightening

Bolt TensioningMaterials acc. to ASTM



Definition and details of flanges - Torque Tightening -

TORQUE TIGHTENING

























To obtain a leak-free flange connection, a proper gasket installation is needed, the bolts must

be assign on the correct bolt tension, and the total bolt strength must be evenly divided over

the whole flange face.

With Torque Tightening (the application of preload to a fastener by the turning of the

fastener's nut) the correct bolt tension can be realized.

Correct tightening of a bolt means making the best use of the bolt's elastic properties. To work

well, a bolt must behave just like a spring. In operation, the tightening process exerts an axial

pre-load tension on the bolt. This tension load is of course equal and opposite to the

compression force applied on the assembled components. It can be referred to as the

"tightening load" or "tension load"

TORQUE WRENCH

Torque Wrench is the general name for a hand-guided screwing tool, and used to precisely set

the force of a fastening such as a nut or bolt. It allows the operator to measure the rotational

force (torque) applied to the bolt so it can be matched to the specifications.

Image of manual and hydraulic wrench.

The selection of the proper flange bolt tigtening technique requires experience. The successful

application of any technique also requires qualification of both the tools that will be used and

the crew who will do the work. The following summarizes the most commonly used flange bolt

tightening techniques.

Manual Wrench

Impact Wrench

Hammer Wrench

Hydraulic Torque Wrench

Manual Beam and Gear-Assisted Torque Wrench

Hydraulic Bolt Tensioner

TORQUE LOSS

Torque loss is inherent in any bolted joint. The combined effects of bolt relaxation,

(approximately 10% during the first 24 hours after installation), gasket creep, vibration in the

system, thermal expansion and elastic interaction during bolt tightening contribute to torque

loss. When torque loss reaches an extreme, the internal pressure exceeds the compressive

force holding the gasket in place and a leak or blow-out occurs.

A key to reducing these effects is proper gasket installation. By bringing the flanges together

slowly and parallel when installing a gasket and taking a minimum of four bolt tightening

passes, following the correct bolt tightening sequence, there is a payoff in reduced

maintenance costs and increased safety.

Proper gasket thickness is also important. The thicker the gasket, the higher the gasket creep

which in turn can result in torque loss. On standard ASME raised face flanges a 1.6 mm thick

gasket is normally recommended. Thinner gasket materials can take a higher gasket load and

therefore higher internal pressures.

LUBRICATION REDUCES FRICTION

Lubrication reduces the friction during tightening, decreases bolt failure during installation and

increases bolt life. Variation in friction coefficients affect the amount of preload achieved at a

specific torque. Higher friction results in less conversion of torque to preload. The value for the

friction coefficient provided by the lubricant manufacturer must be known to accurately

establish the required torque value.

Lubricant or anti-seizure compounds should be applied to both the nut bearing surface and the

male threads.

TIGHTENING SEQUENCE

The first pass, lightly tighten the first bolt then move directly across or 180 degrees for the

second bolt, then move 1/4 turn around the circle or 90 degrees for the third bolt and directly

across for the fourth. Continue this sequence until all bolts are tightened.

When tightening a four-bolt flange, use a criss-cross pattern.

Tightening Sequence

PREPARATION FLANGE BOLT-UP

In a flanged connection, all components must be correct to achieve a seal. The most common

cause of leaky gasketed joints is improper installation procedures.

Before beginning a bolting process, the following preliminary steps will avoid future problems:

Clean the flange faces and check for scars; the faces must be clean and free of defects

(burrs, pits, dents, et cetera).

Visually inspect all bolts and nuts for damaged or corroded threads. Replace or repair

bolts or nuts as necessary.

Remove burrs from all threads.

Lubricate the threads of the bolt or stud, and the surface of the nut face adjacent to

the flange or washer. Hardened washers are recommended in most applications.

Install the new gasket and be sure gasket is properly centered. DO NOT REUSE old

gasket, or use MULTIPLE gaskets.

Check flange alignment according to ASME B31.3 Process Piping:

...flange faces must be parallel within 1/16" per foot of diameter, and flange bolt holes must

be aligned to within 1/8" maximum offset.

Adjust the position of the nuts to insure that 2-3 threads is visible above the top of the

nut.

Irrespective which method of tightening is used, above determined checks and preparations

always must be done.Remark(s) of the author...





FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges generalPressure ClassFlanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange FacesFlange Face FinishGaskets and BoltsTorque Tightening

Bolt Tensioning




Definition and details of flanges - Bolt Tensioning -

BOLT TENSIONING

What is Bolt Tensioning


























Tensioning is the direct axial stretching of the bolt to achieve preload. Inaccuracies

created through friction are eliminated. Massive mechanical effort to create torque is

replaced with simple hydraulic pressure. A uniform load can be applied by tensioning

multiple studs simultaneously.

Tensioning requires longer bolts, and a seating area on the assembly around the nut.

Tensioning can be done using detachable Bolt Tensioners or Hydraulic Nuts.

* Preload (residual load) = Applied Torque minus Frictional Losses *

What is Load Loss

Load loss is a loss of bolt elongation depending on factors such as thread deflections,

radial expansion of the nut, and embedding of the nut into the contact area of the joint.

Load loss is accounted for in calculation and is added to the preload value to determine the

initial Applied Load. The preload depends on Applied Load and Load Loss (load loss factor).

TENSIONING OPERATION

Tensioning permits the simultaneous tightening of multiple bolts; the tools are connected in

sequence via a high-pressure hose assembly to a single pump unit. This ensures each tool

develops the exact same load and provides a uniform clamping force across the joint. This is

especially important for pressure containing vessels requiring even gasket compression to

affect a seal.

General Procedure

Step 1: The bolt tensioner is fitted over the stud

Step 2: Hydraulic pressure is applied to the tensioner which then stretches the stud

Step 3: The stud's nut is wound down against the joint face

Step 4: Pressure is released and the tool removed

The bolt behaves like a spring, when the pressure is released the bolt is under tension and

attempts to contract, creating the required clamping force across the joint.

Less than 100% Tensioning

Not all applications allow for the simultaneous fit of a tensioning device on each bolt, in these

cases at least two tensioning pressures are applied. This is to account for a load loss in those

bolts already tensioned as the next sets are tightened. The load losses are accounted for in

calculation and a higher load is applied to allow the first sets to relax back to the target

preload.

Set-up using a 50% tensioning procedure

Half the bolts are tensioned simultaneously, the tools are relocated on the remaining bolts and they are subsequently tensioned.

Set-up using a 100% tensioning procedureAll bolts are tensioned simultaneously.

Source: www.enerpac.com

PREPARATION FLANGE BOLT-UP

In a flanged connection, all components must be correct to achieve a seal. The most common

cause of leaky gasketed joints is improper installation procedures.

Before beginning a bolting process, the following preliminary steps will avoid future problems:

Clean the flange faces and check for scars; the faces must be clean and free of defects

(burrs, pits, dents, et cetera).

Visually inspect all bolts and nuts for damaged or corroded threads. Replace or repair

bolts or nuts as necessary.

Remove burrs from all threads.

Lubricate the threads of the bolt or stud, and the surface of the nut face adjacent to

the flange or washer. Hardened washers are recommended in most applications.

Install the new gasket and be sure gasket is properly centered. DO NOT REUSE old

gasket, or use MULTIPLE gaskets.

Check flange alignment according to ASME B31.3 Process Piping:

...flange faces must be parallel within 1/16" per foot of diameter, and flange bolt holes must

be aligned to within 1/8" maximum offset.

Adjust the position of the nuts to insure that 2-3 threads is visible above the top of the

nut.

Irrespective which method of tightening is used, above determined checks and preparations

always must be done.Remark(s) of the author...






FLANGES GENERAL

Flanges generalPressure ClassFlanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange FacesFlange Face FinishGaskets and BoltsTorque TighteningBolt Tensioning




Definition and details of flanges - Materials -

ASTM GRADES

Dimensions from carbon steel and stainless steel flanges are defined in the ASME B16.5

standard. The material qualities for these flanges are defined in the ASTM standards.

These ASTM standards, define the specific manufacturing process of the material and

determine the exact chemical composition of pipes, fittings and flanges, through percentages

of the permitted quantities of carbon, magnesium, nickel, et cetera, and are indicated by

"Grade".

For example, a carbon steel flange can be identified with Grade F9 or F11, a stainless-steel

flange with Grade F316 or Grade F321 et cetera.

Below you will find as an example a table with chemical requirements for flanges according to

ASTM A182 Grade F304, F304L, F316L, and a table with frequent Grades, arranged on pipe and

pipe-components, which belong together as a group.

As you may be have noted, in the table below, ASTM A105 has no Grade. Sometimes ASTM

A105N is described;

























"N" stands not for Grade, but for normalized. Normalizing is a type of heat treatment,

applicable to ferrous metals only. The purpose of normalizing is to remove the internal stresses

induced by heat treating, casting, forming et cetera.

Chemical requirements composition, %

Grade F304 (A) Grade F304L (A) Grade F316L (A)

Carbon, max 0.08 0.035 0.035

Manganese, max 2.00 2.00 2.00

Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.045 0.045

Sulfur, max 0.030 0.030 0.030

Silicon, max 1.00 1.00 1.00

Nickel 8 - 11 8 - 13 10 - 15

Chrome 18 - 20 18 - 20 16 - 18

Molybdenum - - 2.00-3.00

(A) Nitrogen 0.10% max.ASTM Grades

Material Pipes Fittings Flanges Valves

Carbon Steel A106 Gr A A234 Gr WPA A105 A216 Gr WCB

A106 Gr B A234 Gr WPB A105 A216 Gr WCB

A106 Gr C A234 Gr WPC A105 A216 Gr WCB

Carbon Steel

Alloy

High-Temp

A335 Gr P1 A234 Gr WP1 A182 Gr F1 A217 Gr WC1




A335 Gr P5 A234 Gr WP5 A182 Gr F5 A217 Gr C5

A335 Gr P9 A234 Gr WP9 A182 Gr F9 A217 Gr C12

Carbon Steel

Alloy

Low-Temp

A333 Gr 5 A420 Gr WPL6 A350 Gr LF2 A352 Gr LCB

A333 Gr 3 A420 Gr WPL3 A350 Gr LF3 A352 Gr LC3

Austenitic

Stainless

Steel

A312 Gr TP304 A403 Gr WP304 A182 Gr F304 A182 Gr F304




MATERIALS ACCORDING TO ASTM

Pipes

A106 = This specification covers carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service.

A335 = This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature

service.

A333 = This specification covers wall seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe

intended for use at low temperatures.

A312 = Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded, and cold worked

welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive

service.

Fittings

A234 = This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of

seamless and welded construction.

A420 = Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy

steel for low-temperature service.

A403 = Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings.

Flanges

A105 = This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping components,

that is, flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts, for use in pressure systems at ambient

and higher-temperature service conditions.

A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges,

forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service.

A350 = This specification covers several grades of carbon and low alloy steel forged or

ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and valves for low-temperature service.

Valves

A216 = This specification covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or

other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for

assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding.

A217 = This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel and alloys

steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended

primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service.

A352 = This specification covers steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other

pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service.

A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges,

forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service.

Bolds & Nuts

A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure

vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other

special purpose applications.

A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for

Low-Temperature Service.

A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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DEFINITION AND DETAILS

SPECIAL FLANGES

Orifice Flanges and Plates

Spectacle blind-spades-spacersLWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges

DEFINITION & DETAILS FLANGES

Flanges generalPressure ClassFlanges typesBolt Hole OrientationFlange FacesFlange Face FinishGaskets and BoltsTorque TighteningBolt TensioningMaterials acc. to ASTM


WHAT ARE SPECIAL FLANGES














http://www.wermac.org/flanges/flanges_special_part1.html#top_of_page












On this page are the special flanges discussed, and parts that may include a flange connection.

Special Flanges are basically identical to standard flanges, but have a number of special

features.

ORIFICE FLANGE

Image of set of Orifice Flanges.

Orifice Flanges are intended for use instead of standard pipe flanges when an orifice plate or

flow nozzle must be installed. Pairs of pressure "Tappings", mostly on 2 sides, directly opposite

each other, are machined into the orifice flange. This makes separate orifice carriers or

tappings in the pipe wall unnecessary.

On the image above a set Orifice Flanges is shown, where the tappings are sealed with a plug,

and where a jack screw is machined. This jack screw is used to facilitate separating the flanges

for inspection or replacement of the "Orifice Plate" and gaskets.

The range of orifice flanges covers all standard sizes and ranges, and all common flange

materials. Flanges are available in Welding Neck, Slip On, and Threaded form, and are typically

supplied with two ½" NPT tappings in each flange.

ASME B16.36 covers Dimensions and dimensional tolerances from orifice flanges (similar to

those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is

limited to the following flanges:

Welding Neck Classes 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500

Slip On Class 300

Threaded Class 300

ORIFICE PLATE

Image of a concentric orifice plate.

A Orifice Plate is typically a circular, flat plate with a handle. The most common orifice plate is

the square-edged concentric bored orifice plate, others are Eccentric Orifice Plate, Segmental

Orifice Plate et cetera. and typically, it is made of a durable metal such as stainless steel.

They are normally mounted between a set of Orifice Flanges and are installed in a straight run

of smooth pipe to avoid disturbance of flow patterns from fittings and valves.

The image of a cross-section of a set of Orifice Flanges, gives you a good impression.

Orifices Plates are used to create a differential pressure that relates to the velocity of the gas

from which a flow rate can be calculated. As the following gas passes through the restriction in

the line caused by the orifice plate, the difference in the upstream and downstream pressure

can be measured at set points, called taps, and a flow rate at the point can be determined. As

the plate serve as a restriction in a pipeline, then we talk about a Restriction Orifice Plate,

abbreviated (RO).

Concentric Orifice Plate

The most common orifice plate is the square-edged concentric bored orifice plate. The

concentric bored orifice plate is the dominant design because of its proven reliability in a

variety of applications and the extensive amount of research conducted on this design. The

concentric plate is also easily reproduced at a relatively low cost.

The concentric orifice is used to measure a wide variety of single phase, liquid and gas

products, typically in conjunction with flange taps.

Eccentric Orifice Plate

Eccentric orifices are used to measure the flow fluids that carry solids and are also used to

measure gases which carry liquids. With the eccentric orifice at the top of the plate, it can

measure liquids that carry gas. It should be noted that the eccentric orifice has a higher

degree of uncertainty as compared to the concentric orifice.

Segmental Orifice Plate

Segmental orifice plates are used to measure the flow of light slurries and fluids with high

concentration of solids. The design of segmental orifice eliminates the damming of foreign

matter and provides more complete drainage than the eccentric orifice plate. The segmental

orifice is considerably more expensive than the eccentric orifice and has slightly greater

uncertainty.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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SPECIAL FLANGESOrifice Flanges and Plates















Spectacle blind-spades-spacers





SPECTACLE BLINDS

Spectacle Blinds are generally applied to permanently separating pipesystems, or just to

connect with each other.

Image of a Spectacle Blind.

A Spectacle Blind is a steel plate cut into two discs of a certain thickness.

The two discs are attached to each other by section of steel similar to the nose piece of a pair

of glasses. One of the discs is a solid plate, and the other is a ring, whose inside diameter is

equal to that of a flange.

Spectacle Blinds be applied in systems, which regularly need to be separated from other

installations.

Normally, a Spectacle Blind is mounted in the "open" position so that flow through the pipe is

possible. If the Spectacle Blind in the "close" position is rotated, the pipe is blanked off and no

flow is possible.

Maintenance on a pipesystem can be a reason to rotate the spectacle in the "close" position.

This run will take place through the hole, that is drilled in the connection piece. By loosening of

all bolts, and partial removal of their, the Spectacle Blind can be rotated. After replacing the

gaskets (new gaskets are to recommend), the bolts can be re-assembled and tightened.Remark(s) of the author...

SPADES (SINGLE BLINDS) / RING SPACER

Spades and Ring Spacers are basically the same as Spectacle Blinds, except that both are not

attached to each other.

Image of a Spade.

Image of a Ring Spacer.

Spades and Spacers be applied in systems where maintenance is often not necessary, or in

applications with large pipe sizes. Depending on the flange size and the Pressure Class, Spades












can weigh hundreds of pounds. To prevent unnecessary weight to a flange connections,

usually will be chosen not for a Spectacle Blind, but for 2 separate parts.

So as for the Spectacle Blind already described, maintenance on a pipesystem can be a reason

to temporarily replace a Ring Spacer for a Spade. By loosening of all bolts, and half of the bolts

temporarily remove, the Spade or Spacer can be placed. After replacing the gaskets (new

gaskets are to recommend), the bolts can be re-assembled and tightened.

A small problem is that we basically can not see, or a Spade or a Spacer mounted between the

flanges.

Therefore the handles are often specially marked, or both have a different design; a customer

often provides its own specification.

What should never lack is, that in the handle, the diameter and the Pressure Class of a Spade

or Spacer is engraved; this applies also for the Spectacle Blind.

SURFACES / DIMENSIONS / MATERIAL

The sealing surfaces of a Spectacle Blind, Spade or Ring Spacer are usually conducted in

accordance with the Face Finish from the flange. The diameter always is slightly larger than

the Raised Face of a flange; by a correct assembly, the bolts are just not touched by the Blind

or Spacer.

The diameter of them, is depending on the flange size, and the thickness from the Pressure

Class of a flange.

Dimensions from Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers, you will find in the main menu

"Flanges"

ASME B16.48 covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, dimensional

tolerances, marking, and testing for operating line blanks in sizes NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 for

installation between ASME B16.5 flanges in the 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 Pressure

Classes.

Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers should be made from a plate or forging

specification, approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition

as the mating flanges and piping involved.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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SPECIAL FLANGESOrifice Flanges and PlatesSpectacle blind-spades-spacers





LONG WELDING NECK FLANGE

Image of a long Welding Neck flange.

Long Neck Welding (abbreviated LWN) flanges are similar to a standard Welding Neck flange,

but the "Neck" is considerably longer. This type is often used as a nozzle for a barrel or

column. In addition, there are the type LWN Heavy Barrel (HB) and the Equal LWN Barrel (E);

they have a different shape and a thicker "Wall".

WELDOFLANGE / NIPOFLANGE

Image of a Weldo / Nipo flange.













The Weldoflange and Nipoflange is a combination of a Welding Neck flange and a supposedly

Weldolet or Nipolet. The 2 components are manufactured in one piece, and not welded. These

flanges are primarily in Branchconnections.

On the website of Promat BD you can find more information about the various performances,

dimensions et cetera. Furthermore, they have an expanded range of special flanges, fittings

and branch connections.

EXPANDER FLANGE

Image of Expander Flanges.

Expander Flanges is a Welding Neck pipe flange where the nominal size of the non-flanged end

is larger than the nominal size of the flanged end. They can be used to change the size of a

pipe run. These are usually used to increase the line size to the first or second larger size. This

is an alternative to using a separate reducer and weld neck flange combination. The expander

flange can be used to connect pipe to pumps, compressors and valves.

REDUCING FLANGE

Image of a Reducing Flange.

Reducing Flanges are suitable for changing line size, but should not be used if abrupt transition

would create undesirable turbulence, as at pump connections. A reducing flange consists of a

flange with one specified diameter having a bore of a different and smaller, diameter. Except

for the bore and hub dimensions, the flange will have dimensions of the larger pipe size.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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Dimensions Weld Neck flanges and Stud bolts according to

ASME B16.5


http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_wn.html#top_of_page












IMPORTANT Information

Pressure Class 150 300 400 600 900 1500

Diameter - A 30 38 38 38 38

Diameter - D 90 95 95 95 120 120

Thickness - B9.611.2

12.714.3

14.320.7

14.320.7

22.328.7

22.328.7

Diameter - G 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1

Diameter - K 60.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 82.6 82.6

Height - H46

47.651

52.652

58.452

58.460

66.4 66.4

Bolt Holes 4 4 4 4 4

Diameter - L 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9 22.2 22.2

Stud boltDia x Length

1/2"55

1/2"65

1/2"75

1/2"75

3/4"110

3/4"110

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 - O.D. = 21.3Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

T = Nominal wall thickness of pipe. Bevel for Wall Thicknesses T from 5 mm to 22 mm inclusive.

The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points).

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES WELDING NECK FLANGES ACC. TO ASME B16.5

Outside Diameter≤ 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = ± 3.2 mm

Inside Diameter≤ 10 = ± 0.8 mm | 12 thru 18 = 1.6 mm


Diameter of Contact FaceRaised Face = ± 0.8 mm

6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / Male-Female = ± 0.4 mm

Diameter of Hub at Base≤ 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = ± 3.2 mm

Diameter of Hub at Point of Welding≤ 5 = + 2.4 mm / - 0.8 mm | ≥ 6 = + 4.0 mm / - 0.8 mm

DrillingBolt Circle = 1.6 mm | Bolt Hole Spacing = ± 0.8Eccentricity of Bolt Circle with Respect to Facing≤ 2½ = 0.8 mm max. | ≥ 3 = 1.6 mm max.

Thickness≤ 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | ≥ 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0

Length thru Hub≤ 10 = 1.6 mm | ≥ 12 = ± 3.2 mm

Dimensional tolerances are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

OTHER FLANGES DIMENSIONS ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5

Welding Neck Flange | Slip On Flange | Socket Weld Flange | Lap Joint Flange | Threaded

Flange | Blind Flange© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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Dimensions Slip On flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME

B16.5


Pressure Class 150 300 400 600 900 1500

Diameter - A 30 38 38 38 38

Diameter - D 90 95 95 95 120

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http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_bl.html

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_th.html


http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_lj.html

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_sw.html

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_so.html


12.714.3

14.320.7

14.320.7

22.328.7

Diameter - G 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1

Diameter - K 60.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 82.6

Height - H14

15.621

22.622

28.422

28.432

38.4


Diameter - L 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9 22.2


1/2"55

1/2"65

1/2"75

1/2"75

3/4"110

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 ID = 22.3Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.


DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF SLIP ON FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5


Inside Diameter≤ 10 = ± 0.8 mm | ≥ 12 = + 1.6

Diameter of Contact Face1.6 mm Raised Face = ± 0.8 mm


Outside Diameter of Hub≤ 12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | ≥ 14 = ± 3.2

Diameter of CounterboreSame as for Inside Diameter

DrillingBolt Circle = 1.6 mm | Bolt Hole Spacing = ± 0.8Eccentricity of Bolt Circle with Respect to Facing≤ 2½ = 0.8 mm max. | ≥ 3 = 1.6

Thickness≤ 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | ≥ 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0

Length thru Hub≤ 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0.8 mm | ≥ 20 = + 4.8






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Dimensions Socket Weld flanges and Stud bolts according to

ASME B16.5


Pressure Class 150 300 400 600 900

Diameter - A 30 38 - 38 -

Diameter - D 90 95 - 95 -


12.714.3

-14.320.7

-

Diameter - G 35.1 35.1 - 35.1 -

Diameter - K 60.3 66.7 - 66.7 -

Height - H14

15.621

22.6-

2228.4

-

Bolt Holes 4 4 - 4 -

Diameter - L 15.9 15.9 - 15.9 -


1/2"55

1/2"65

--

1/2"75

--

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 (ID = 22.3) (F = 9.5)Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.


DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF SOCKET WELD FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5









Thickness≤ 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | ≥ 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0







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Dimensions Lap Joint flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME

B16.5


http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_lj.html#top_of_page




















Pressure Class 150 300 400 600 900 1500

Diameter - A 30 38 38 38 38

Diameter - D 90 95 95 95 120

Thickness - B 11.2 14.3 14.3 14.3 22.3

Diameter - G 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1

Diameter - K 60.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 82.6

Height - H 16 22 22 22 32


Diameter - L 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9 22.2


1/2"55

1/2"65

1/2"75

1/2"75

3/4"110

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 (ID = 22.9 / r = 3)Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.


DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF LAP JOINT FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5








Thickness≤ 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | ≥ 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0







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Dimensions Threaded flanges and Stud bolts according to

ASME B16.5


Pressure Class 150 300 400 600 900

Diameter - A 30 38 38 38 38

Diameter - D 90 95 95 95 120


12.714.3

14.320.7

14.320.7

22.328.7

Diameter - G 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1

Diameter - K 60.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 82.6

Height - H14

15.621

22.622

28.422

28.432

38.4


Diameter - L 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9 22.2


1/2"55

1/2"65

1/2"75

1/2"75

3/4"110

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.


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DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF THREADED FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5


Inside DiameterWithin Limits on Boring Gauge




Outside Diameter of Hub≤ 12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | ≥ 14 = ± 3.2 mm

Diameter of CounterboreSame as forInside Diameter

Thickness≤ 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | ≥ 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0







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Dimensions Blind flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME

B16.5


Pressure Class 150 300 400 600 900 1500

Diameter - D 90 95 95 95 120

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_flg_bl.html#top_of_page



















Height - B9.611.2

12.714.3

14.320.7

14.320.7

22.328.7

Diameter - G 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1 35.1

Diameter - K 60.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 82.6


Diameter - L 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9 22.2


1/2"55

1/2"65

1/2"75

1/2"75

3/4"110

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.


DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF BLIND FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5


Inside Diameternot applicable




Diameter of Counterborenot applicable


Thickness≤ 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | ≥ 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0







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DIMENSIONS SPECTACLE BLINDS

Pressure Class 150

Pressure Class 300Pressure Class 600Pressure Class 900Pressure Class 1500Pressure Class 2500

DIMENSIONS OF SPADES AND

RING SPACERSPressure Class 150 up to 2500 Lbs

La Meccanica Padanaestabilished in 1954, is highly specialized in manufacture of components for the petrochemical sector.

Dimensions of Spectacle blinds according to ASME B16.48

for installation between ASME B16.5 flanges

http://www.meccanicapadana.com/

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_spades.html






Pressure Class 150 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

NPS Outside ø

AInside ø

BCenterline

CThickness

tWeb Width

W

1/2 45 16 60 3 38

3/4 54 21 70 3 38

1 64 27 80 3 38

1 ¼ 73 42 90 6.4 38

1 ½ 83 48 100 6.4 38

2 102 61 120 6.4 51

2 ½ 107 73 140 6.4 51

3 133 89 150 6.4 64

3 ½ 159 102 175 9.7 64

4 172 114 190 9.7 64

5 194 141 215 9.7 76

6 219 168 240 12.7 76

8 276 219 300 12.7 76

10 337 273 360 15.7 102

12 406 324 430 19.1 102

14 448 356 475 19.1 108

16 511 406 460 22.4 108

18 546 457 580 25.4 114

20 603 508 635 28.4 121

24 714 610 750 31.8 140

General notes:

Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.

D = Hole size (where required) should be the same as the flange bolt hole. In practice,

these dimensions have been rounded round off upwards.

Wt = Thickness of the web (or tie bar) should be 6 mm minimum, or equal to

Thickness (t) if less than 6 mm.

Spectacle Blinds should be made from a plate or forging specification, approved for

use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the mating flanges

and piping involved.

Depending on a customer specification, some dimensions can be different from what

on this page is defined.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_spades.html#top_of_page












DIMENSIONS OF SPECTACLE BLINDS

Pressure Class 150 up to 2500 Lbs

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_specblinds.html

La Meccanica Padanaestabilished in 1954, is highly specialized in manufacture of components for the petrochemical sector.

Dimensions of Spades & Ring spacers acc to ASME B16.48

for installation between ASME B16.5 flangesPressure Class 150 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

NPS Outside ø

AInside ø

BCenter to End

CThickness

tHandle Width

W

1/2 45 16 126 3 32

3/4 54 21 131 3 32

1 64 27 136 3 32

1 ¼ 73 42 145 6.4 32

1 ½ 83 48 145 6.4 32

2 102 61 155 6.4 32

2 ½ 107 73 170 6.4 32

3 133 89 170 6.4 32

3 ½ 159 102 202 9.7 38

4 172 114 202 9.7 38

5 194 141 225 9.7 38

6 219 168 225 12.7 38

8 276 219 267 12.7 38

10 337 273 322 15.7 44

12 406 324 357 19.1 44

14 448 356 378 19.1 44

16 511 406 410 22.4 44

18 546 457 427 25.4 51

20 603 508 455 28.4 51

24 714 610 512 31.8 51


NPS Outside ø

AInside ø

BCenter to End

CThickness

tHandle Width

W

1/2 51 16 129 6.4 32

http://www.meccanicapadana.com/

3/4 64 21 136 6.4 32

1 70 27 139 6.4 32

1 ¼ 79 42 150 6.4 32

1 ½ 92 48 150 6.4 32

2 108 61 158 9.7 32

2 ½ 127 73 177 9.7 32

3 146 89 177 9.7 32

3 ½ 162 102 205 12.7 38

4 178 114 205 12.7 38

5 213 141 240 15.7 38

6 248 168 240 15.7 38

8 305 219 281 22.4 38

10 359 273 333 25.4 44

12 419 324 363 28.4 44

14 483 356 395 31.8 44

16 536 406 422 38.1 44

18 594 457 450 41.1 51

20 651 508 480 44.5 51

24 772 610 540 50.8 51


NPS Outside ø

AInside ø

BCenter to End

CThickness

t

1/2 51 16 129 6.4

3/4 64 21 136 6.4

1 70 27 139 6.4

1 ¼ 79 37 150 9.7

1 ½ 92 43 150 9.7

2 108 55 158 9.7

2 ½ 127 67 177 12.7

3 146 83 177 12.7

3 ½ 159 96 211 15.7

4 191 108 211 15.7

5 238 135 248 19.1

6 264 162 248 22.4

8 318 212 288 28.4

10 397 265 352 35.1

12 454 315 381 41.1

14 489 346 398 44.5

16 562 397 435 50.8

18 610 448 459 53.8

20 679 497 493 63.5

24 787 597 547 73.2


NPS Outside ø

AInside ø

BCenter to End

CThickness

t

1/2 60 16 134 6.4

3/4 67 21 137 6.4

1 76 27 142 6.4

1 ¼ 86 37 151 9.7

1 ½ 95 43 151 9.7

2 140 55 174 12.7

2 ½ 162 67 186 12.7

3 165 83 186 15.7

4 203 108 217 19.1

5 244 135 259 22.4

6 286 162 259 25.4

8 356 212 307 35.1

10 432 265 370 41.1

12 495 315 401 47.8

14 518 346 412 53.8

16 572 397 440 60.5

18 635 448 471 66.5

20 696 497 501 73.2

24 835 597 571 88.9


NPS Outside ø

AInside ø

BCenter to End

CThickness

t

1/2 61 16 135 6.4

3/4 67 21 137 9.7

1 76 27 142 9.7

1 ¼ 86 35 151 9.7

1 ½ 95 41 151 12.7

2 140 53 174 12.7

2 ½ 162 63 190 15.7

3 172 78 190 19.1

4 206 102 219 22.4

5 251 128 256 28.4

6 279 154 256 35.1

8 349 203 303 41.1

10 432 255 370 50.8

12 518 303 412 60.5

14 575 333 442 66.5

16 638 381 472 76.2

18 702 429 504 85.9

20 752 478 530 95.3

24 899 575 603 111.3


NPS Outside ø

AInside ø

BCenter to End

CThickness

t

1/2 67 16 137 9.7

3/4 73 21 140 9.7

1 83 27 145 9.7

1 ¼ 102 35 161 12.7

1 ½ 114 41 161 15.7

2 143 53 175 15.7

2 ½ 165 63 201 19.1

3 194 78 201 22.4

4 232 102 232 28.4

5 276 128 273 35.1

6 314 154 273 41.1

8 384 198 321 53.8

10 473 248 390 66.5

12 546 289 427 79.2

General notes:


Spade Handles shall be solid with no openings.Remark(s) of the author...

Further General notes:

Ring Spacer Handles shall have a single through indicator hole located near the end of

the handle. The hole diameter shall not be less than 12 mm.

Wt = Thickness of the handle should be 6 mm minimum, or equal to Thickness (t) if

less than 6 mm.

Spades and Ring Spacers should be made from a plate or forging specification,

approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the

mating flanges and piping involved.

Depending on a customer specification, some dimensions can be different from what

on this page is defined.© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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Dimensions of Welding Neck and Blind flanges acc to ASME

B16.47 series A

Pressure Class 150 - NPS 26 up to NPS 60

NPS OD DB

(WNF)

B(BLF)

H A G K L

26 660.4 87066.768.3

66.768.3

119120.6

676 749 806.4 34.9

OD DB

(WNF)

B(BLF)

H A G K L


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| NPS

26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 58 | N

PS 60 |

IMPORTANT Information !

Pressure Class 150 | Pressure Class 300 | Pressure Class 400 | Pressure

Class 600 | Pressure Class 900

General notes:


For dimensions "B" and "H", see important information on the top right of the image.

ASME B16.47 Series A flanges (≥ NPS 26) are MSS SP-44 flanges.

ASME has incorporated the MSS-SP44 specification into B16.47 Series A and the API 605

Specification into B16.47 series B.

These specification include only Welding Neck and Blind Flanges.


Dimensions for Pressure Classes 400, 600 and 900 NPS 38 and larger for Series B

flanges are the same as for the Series A flanges.

Indications:

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_1647_a.html#chamfers

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_1647_a_900.html





OD = Diameter at Weld Bevel

D = Overall Diameter of Flange

B (WNF) = Minimum Thickness of Welding Neck Flange

B (BLF) = Minimum Thickness of Blind Flange

H = Length thru Hub

A = Diameter at Base of Hub

G = Outside Diameter of Raised Face

K = Bolt Circle Diameter

L = Diameter of Bolt Holes© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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Dimensions of Welding Neck and Blind flanges acc to ASME

B16.47 series B

Pressure Class 150 - NPS 26 up to NPS 60

NPS OD DB

(WNF)

B(BLF)

H A G K L

26 661.9 78539.841.4

4344.6

8788.6

684 711 744.5 22.2

OD DB

(WNF)

B(BLF)

H A G K L

| NPS

26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 58 | N

PS 60 |

IMPORTANT Information !

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_1647_b.html#top_of_page














Pressure Class 150 | Pressure Class 300 | Pressure Class 400 | Pressure

Class 600 | Pressure Class 900

General notes:


For dimensions "B" and "H", see important information on the top right of the image.

ASME B16.47 Series A flanges (≥ NPS 26) are MSS SP-44 flanges.

ASME has incorporated the MSS-SP44 specification into B16.47 Series A and the API 605

Specification into B16.47 series B.

These specification include only Welding Neck and Blind Flanges.


Dimensions for Pressure Classes 400, 600 and 900 NPS 38 and larger for Series B

flanges are the same as for the Series A flanges.

Indications:

OD = Diameter at Weld Bevel

D = Overall Diameter of Flange

B (WNF) = Minimum Thickness of Welding Neck Flange

B (BLF) = Minimum Thickness of Blind Flange

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_1647_b.html#chamfers

http://www.wermac.org/flanges/dim_1647_b_900.html




H = Length thru Hub

A = Diameter at Base of Hub

G = Outside Diameter of Raised Face

K = Bolt Circle Diameter

L = Diameter of Bolt Holes© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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Dimensions of Orifice Welding Neck flanges - RTJ type

- 600 LBS - according to ASME B16.36

NPS

OUT

SIDE

DIA

MIN

THK

FLG

HEIGHT

FLG

GROOVE

NO

PITCH

DIA

GROOVE

DEPTH

GROOVE

WIDTH

RADIUS

BOTTOM

HEIGHT

OVAL

RING

HUB

DIA

HUB

DIA

DIA OF

TAPPING

BOLT

CIRCLE

O T H P E F R W X A Tg

1 125 36.6 81 R16 50.80 6.35 8.74 0.8 25.4 54 33.5 6.4 88.9

1 1/2 155 36.6 84 R20 68.27 6.35 8.74 0.8 25.4 70 48.3 6.4 114.3

2 165 36.6 84 R23 82.55 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 84 60.3 6.4 127.0

2 1/2 190 36.6 87 R26 101.60 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 100 73.0 6.4 149.2

3 210 36.6 87 R31 123.83 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 117 88.9 9.5 168.3

4 275 38.1 102 R37 149.23 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 152 114.3 12.7 215.9

6 355 47.7 117 R45 211.12 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 222 168.3 12.7 292.1


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8 420 55.6 133 R49 269.88 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 273 219.1 12.7 349.2

10 510 63.5 152 R53 323.85 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 343 273.0 12.7 431.8

12 560 66.7 156 R57 381.00 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 400 323.8 12.7 489.0

14 605 69.9 165 R61 419.10 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 432 355.6 12.7 527.0

16 685 76.2 178 R65 469.90 7.92 11.91 0.8 30.2 495 406.4 12.7 603.2

18 745 82.6 184 R69 533.40 7.92 11.91 0.8 30.2 546 457.2 12.7 654.0

20 815 88.9 190 R73 584.20 9.53 13.49 1.5 31.8 610 508.0 12.7 723.9

24 940 101.6 203 R77 692.15 11.13 16.66 1.5 36.5 718 609.6 12.7 838.2

GENERAL NOTES:

Dimensions are in millimeters, except for bolts and bolt holes.

Weld neck flanges NPS 3 and smaller are identical to Class 300 flanges except for

bolting and may be used for such service.

All other dimensions are in accordance with ASME B16.5.

Ring joint flange in NPS 24 will require an angular meter tap.

NOTES:

Other NPT sizes may be furnished if required.


Bolt lengths for raised face flanges include allowance for orifice and gasket thickness

of 6 mm (0.25 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 12 and 10 mm (0.38 in.) for NPS 14 to NPS 24. Bolt

lengths for ring-type joint flanges include allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS

10, 19 mm (0.75 in.) for NPS 12 to NPS 18, and 22 mm (0.88 in.) for NPS 20.

Bore (B) is to be specified by the purchaser.

TOLERANCES

Tolerances on all dimensions shall be as shown in ASME B16.5 except for those shown below.

Pressure Tap Location

Tolerance on location of center of pressure tap hole from flange face shall be:

±0.5 mm (±0.02 in.) for flanges smaller than NPS 4

±0.8 mm (±0.03 in.) for flanges NPS 4 and larger

Bore Diameter

Bore diameter tolerance (welding neck flanges only) is ±0.5% of nominal value.

Other pressure classes: | 900 Lbs | 1500 Lbs | 2500 Lbs© Werner Sölken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved.


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NPS

OUT

SIDE

DIA

MIN

THK

FLG

HEIGHT

FLG

GROOVE

NO

PITCH

DIA

GROOVE

DEPTH

GROOVE

WIDTH

RADIUS

BOTTOM

HEIGHT

OVAL

RING

HUB

DIA

HUB

DIA

DIA OF

TAPPING

BOLT

CIRCLE


1 125 36.6 81 R16 50.80 6.35 8.74 0.8 25.4 54 33.5 6.4 88.9

1 1/2 155 36.6 84 R20 68.27 6.35 8.74 0.8 25.4 70 48.3 6.4 114.3

2 165 36.6 84 R23 82.55 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 84 60.3 6.4 127.0

2 1/2 190 36.6 87 R26 101.60 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 100 73.0 6.4 149.2

3 240 38.1 102 R31 123.83 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 127 88.9 9.5 190.5

4 290 44.5 114 R37 149.23 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 159 114.3 12.7 235.0

6 380 55.6 140 R45 211.12 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 235 168.3 12.7 317.5

8 470 63.5 162 R49 269.88 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 298 219.1 12.7 393.7

10 545 69.9 184 R53 323.85 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 368 273.0 12.7 469.9

12 610 79.4 200 R57 381.00 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 419 323.8 12.7 533.4

14 640 85.8 213 R62 419.10 11.13 16.66 1.5 33.3 451 355.6 12.7 558.8

16 705 88.9 216 R66 469.90 11.13 16.66 1.5 36.5 508 406.4 12.7 616.0

18 785 101.6 229 R70 533.40 12.70 19.84 1.5 39.7 565 457.2 12.7 685.8

20 855 108.0 248 R74 584.20 12.70 19.84 1.5 39.7 622 508.0 12.7 749.3

24 1040 139.7 292 R78 692.15 15.88 26.97 2.4 47.6 749 609.6 12.7 901.7

GENERAL NOTES:



Ring joint flanges larger than NPS 12 will require angular meter taps.

NOTES:





lengths for ring-type joint flanges include allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 3 to NPS 10

and 19 mm (0.75 in.) for NPS 12.


TOLERANCES






Bore Diameter




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NPS

OUT

SIDE

DIA

MIN

THK

FLG

HEIGHT

FLG

GROOVE

NO

PITCH

DIA

GROOVE

DEPTH

GROOVE

WIDTH

RADIUS

BOTTOM

HEIGHT

OVAL

RING

HUB

DIA

HUB

DIA

DIA OF

TAPPING

BOLT

CIRCLE


1 150 38.1 83 R16 50.80 6.35 8.74 0.8 25.4 52 33.5 6.4 101.6

1 1/2 180 38.1 89 R20 68.27 6.35 8.74 0.8 25.4 70 48.3 6.4 123.8

2 215 38.1 102 R24 95.25 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 105 60.3 6.4 165.1

2 1/2 245 41.3 105 R27 107.95 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 124 73.0 6.4 190.5

3 265 47.7 117 R35 136.53 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 133 88.9 9.5 203.2

4 310 54.0 124 R39 161.93 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 162 114.3 12.7 241.3

6 395 82.6 171 R46 211.14 9.52 13.49 1.5 28.6 229 168.3 12.7 317.5

8 485 92.1 213 R50 269.88 11.13 16.66 1.5 33.3 292 219.1 12.7 393.7

10 585 108.0 254 R54 323.85 11.13 16.66 1.5 33.3 368 273.0 12.7 482.6

12 675 123.9 283 R58 381.00 14.27 23.01 1.5 39.7 451 323.8 12.7 571.6

14 750 133.4 298 R63 419.10 15.88 26.97 2.4 44.4 495 355.6 12.7 635.0

16 825 146.1 311 R67 469.90 17.48 30.18 2.4 50.8 552 406.4 12.7 704.8

18 915 162.0 327 R71 533.40 17.48 30.18 2.4 50.8 597 457.2 12.7 774.7

20 985 177.8 356 R75 584.20 17.48 33.32 2.4 54.0 641 508.0 12.7 831.8

24 1170 203.2 406 R79 692.15 20.62 36.53 2.4 58.7 762 609.6 12.7 990.6

GENERAL NOTES:




NOTES:





lengths for ring-type joint flanges include allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 6.


TOLERANCES






Bore Diameter




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NPS

OUT

SIDE

DIA

MIN

THK

FLG

HEIGHT

FLG

GROOVE

NO

PITCH

DIA

GROOVE

DEPTH

GROOVE

WIDTH

RADIUS

BOTTOM

HEIGHT

OVAL

RING

HUB

DIA

HUB

DIA

DIA OF

TAPPING

BOLT

CIRCLE


1 160 38.1 92 R18 60.33 6.35 8.74 0.8 25.4 57 33.5 6.4 108.0

1 1/2 205 44.5 111 R23 82.55 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 79 48.3 6.4 146.0

2 235 50.8 127 R26 101.60 7.92 11.91 0.8 27.0 95 60.3 6.4 171.4

2 1/2 265 57.2 143 R28 111.13 9.53 13.49 1.5 30.2 114 73.0 6.4 196.8

3 305 66.7 168 R32 127.00 9.53 13.49 1.5 30.2 133 88.9 9.5 228.6

4 355 76.2 190 R38 157.18 11.13 16.66 1.5 33.3 165 114.3 12.7 273.0

6 485 108.0 273 R47 228.60 12.70 19.84 1.5 36.5 235 168.3 12.7 368.3

8 550 127.0 318 R51 279.40 14.27 23.01 1.5 39.7 305 219.1 12.7 438.2

10 675 165.1 419 R55 342.90 17.48 30.18 2.4 47.6 375 273.0 12.7 539.8

12 760 184.2 464 R60 406.40 17.48 33.32 2.4 50.8 441 323.8 12.7 619.1

GENERAL NOTES:




NOTES:




of 6 mm (0.25 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 12. Bolt lengths for ring-type joint flanges include

allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 3.


TOLERANCES






Bore Diameter







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