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few loyal supporters.

Source: Flickr

As seen above, Mongolia isn’t a really forgiving place for displaced refugees. They survived, though, and youngTemujin came roaring back into Mongolian politics in the late 12th century with the aim of uniting all of hishomeland’s scattered tribes.

Asia in the year 1200 was a hodgepodge of overlapping empires and principalities. Smaller kingdoms abounded,such as those created by the crusader knights in Syria and Lebanon. Nobody had any idea what was about to hit.

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Source: Wikimedia Commons

The Mongol Horde descended on the world’s largest continent like a plague of locusts. They hated cities, whichcould be profitably converted into pastureland for their ponies, so they erased them everywhere they went. Ananonymous advisor urged the Great Khan to spare the Chinese for tax purposes; this is the reason why people stillreside in northern China today. No such luck prevailed in Iran, where the Mongols burned the cities, smashed theirrigation networks, and killed—at a first approximation—everybody.

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Source: Wikimedia Commons

Before the Mongols, Islamic lands—Baghdad in particular—were learning havens. Science, philosophy, and artthrived under the protection of these stable, prosperous sultanates. All of that was trampled by the hooves of theMongols’ ponies. The devastation was so total that Iran didn’t return to its pre-Mongol population until the 20thcentury. Whatever advances history had in mind for the Islamic world of the 13th century would never happen, asthe survivors struggled to rebuild their destroyed civilization.

Henry Kissinger Singlehandedly Doubles The Body Count In Vietnam

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Source: Mount Holyoke College

Henry Kissinger moved through American politics like a latter-day Talleyrand. Starting as a government lawyer andrising to prominence during Johnson’s term, he became one of the few advisors to make the transition into theNixon Administration. Unfortunately, the way he did that was by prolonging the war in Vietnam.

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Source: History Of PT SD

During the 1968 presidential campaign, Johnson’s chosen political heir, Hubert Humphrey, was widely regarded ashaving a lock on the race. His ace in the hole was continuing the Paris peace talks, which were expected to bring theincreasingly unpopular US involvement in Vietnam to a close. If the Johnson Administration managed to reachagreement with the North Vietnamese in time for the election, Humphrey would be ideally positioned to take homethe antiwar vote.

Source: George Washington University

Enter Kissinger. Sensing opportunity in the summer of 1968, Kissinger made contact with John Mitchell, who thenserved as Nixon’s campaign manager. Using Madame Anna Chennault as a go-between, Kissinger opened a privatechannel to the government of South Vietnamese president Thieu. Hinting very strongly that the impending peacetreaty would be unfavorable to South Vietnam, Kissinger persuaded Thieu to withdraw from talks, effectively sabotaging the peace process.

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Source: Outside The Beltway

The collapse of negotiations became known as the “October Surprise,” and the consensus among historians is thatit played a key role in putting Nixon over the top in the next month’s election. In 1973, peace was agreed to by theparties on terms that were substantially identical to those proposed in 1968. In the five years between those dates,20,000 Americans and untold Indochinese died. Look at that picture of the Vietnam Memorial Wall. The secondhalf is covered with the names of those who died between 1968 and 1973.

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