Five Major Five Major FunctionsFunctions of of

SkeletonSkeleton1.1. Provides shape and supportProvides shape and support2.2. Enables the body to moveEnables the body to move3.3. Protects internal organsProtects internal organs4.4. Produces blood cellsProduces blood cells5.5. Store materials until body Store materials until body

needs itneeds it

SHAPE AND SUPPORTSHAPE AND SUPPORT

Skeleton determines the shape of your Skeleton determines the shape of your body.body.

Bone that makes up the center of the Bone that makes up the center of the skeleton is the backbone.skeleton is the backbone.

The 26 small bones make up the The 26 small bones make up the backbone are called vertebrae. backbone are called vertebrae. Allow movement (bending, twisting)Allow movement (bending, twisting)

MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

How does the skeleton help the body How does the skeleton help the body move?move? Muscles pull on bones to make the body Muscles pull on bones to make the body

move.move.

PROTECTIONPROTECTION

Bones protect the organs in your Bones protect the organs in your body.body.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Skull protects the brainSkull protects the brain Rib cage protects the heart and lungsRib cage protects the heart and lungs

PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION Some bones in your body produce Some bones in your body produce

substances that your body needs. substances that your body needs. The long bones of the arms & legs make The long bones of the arms & legs make

blood cells.blood cells.

STORAGESTORAGE Bones will store minerals such as Bones will store minerals such as

Calcium and Phosphorus.Calcium and Phosphorus. When your body needs the minerals, When your body needs the minerals,

the bones release small amounts of the bones release small amounts of them into the bloodthem into the blood

JOINTSJOINTS

What is a joint?What is a joint? A place in the body where 2 bones come A place in the body where 2 bones come

together.together.

What are 2 kinds of joints in the What are 2 kinds of joints in the body?body? MovableMovable ImmovableImmovable

MOVABLE JOINTSMOVABLE JOINTS

Most of the joints in the human body Most of the joints in the human body are movable.are movable.

Joints are held together by:Joints are held together by: LigamentsLigaments Connects bone to bone Connects bone to bone Synovial Fluid Synovial Fluid clear liquid to lubricate clear liquid to lubricate

jointjoint Cartilage Cartilage cushioning connective tissue cushioning connective tissue

Covers the ends of the bones and keeps them Covers the ends of the bones and keeps them from rubbing against each other.from rubbing against each other.

IMMOVABLE JOINTS

Joints in the body connect bones in a way that allows little or no movement.

EXAMPLE: Bones of the skull

are held together by immovable joints.

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

Shoulders Shoulders and Hipsand Hips

PivotPivot 1 bone 1 bone rotates rotates around around anotheranother

NeckNeck

GlidingGliding 1 bone to 1 bone to slide over slide over anotheranother

Wrists and Wrists and anklesankles

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

PivotPivot

GlidingGliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

PivotPivot

GlidingGliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

PivotPivot

GlidingGliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

Shoulders Shoulders and Hipsand Hips

PivotPivot

GlidingGliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

Shoulders Shoulders and Hipsand Hips

PivotPivot 1 bone 1 bone rotates rotates around around anotheranother

GlidingGliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

Shoulders Shoulders and Hipsand Hips

PivotPivot 1 bone 1 bone rotates rotates around around anotheranother

NeckNeck

GlidingGliding

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

Shoulders Shoulders and Hipsand Hips

PivotPivot 1 bone 1 bone rotates rotates around around anotheranother

NeckNeck

GlidingGliding 1 bone to 1 bone to slide over slide over anotheranother

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

Shoulders Shoulders and Hipsand Hips

PivotPivot 1 bone 1 bone rotates rotates around around anotheranother

NeckNeck

GlidingGliding 1 bone to 1 bone to slide over slide over anotheranother

Wrists and Wrists and anklesankles

JawJaw

FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE FOUR TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTSJOINTS

JointJoint Kind of Kind of MotionMotion

Where itWhere it’’s s found in the found in the

bodybody

HingeHinge Forward or Forward or backward backward

motionmotion

Knees and Knees and ElbowsElbows

Ball and Ball and socketsocket

Allows bones Allows bones to swing in a to swing in a

circlecircle

Shoulders Shoulders and Hipsand Hips

PivotPivot 1 bone 1 bone rotates rotates around around anotheranother

NeckNeck

GlidingGliding 1 bone to 1 bone to slide over slide over anotheranother

Wrists and Wrists and anklesankles

BONES – STRONG & LIVING

Bones are living (made of cells), and undergo growth and development.

Bone Strength: 20% of body weight is bone Stronger than concrete or granite rock WHY?

Just like a rock, a bone is packed with minerals…phosphorus and calcium

BONE LAYERS

Outer membrane Thin, tough outer covering

Compact bone Hard and dense, not solid, Blood vessels and nerves run through this area

Spongy bone Lots of small spaces, lightweight tissue, contains the marrow

Red marrow Produces blood cells Yellow marrow Fat storage as an energy reserve

BONE GROWTH & BONE GROWTH & DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Bones will make new bone tissue when:Bones will make new bone tissue when:

1. During growth1. During growth

2. In response to the force of the body2. In response to the force of the body’’s s weightweight

3. Healing a broken bone3. Healing a broken bone

TAKING CARE OF YOUR TAKING CARE OF YOUR BONESBONES

What can you do to keep your bones What can you do to keep your bones healthy?healthy?

Balanced dietBalanced diet Regular exerciseRegular exercise

A condition in which the bodyA condition in which the body’’s bones s bones become weak & break easily?become weak & break easily?

Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Mineral loss in bones Mineral loss in bones allowing body to become weak and break allowing body to become weak and break easilyeasily