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Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

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Page 1: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Fitness Changes During Adolescence

© Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Page 2: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-2

Although Differences Exist Between Genders As Well As Within

Genders on Measures of Health-related and Performance Related

Fitness, Adolescent Males and Females Have the Potential to

Make Significant Improvements Through Regular Participation in

Physical Activity.

Page 3: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-3

Components: (aerobic endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, joint flexibility, body composition)

Assessment difficulties- sampling issues- reliability issues- validity (lab vs. field)

Page 4: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-4

Measures (Lab: max VO2; Field: 1mile walk/jog)

Females & males improve at near parallel rates

Males faster than females at all ages Males show rapid yearly

improvements until late adolescence Females improve at a less rapid rate

than males Females plateau and regress from

mid adolescence on

Page 5: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-5

Measures (Lab: dynamometers, tensiometers; Field: modified sit-ups, abdominal crunch, push-ups, pull-ups, chin-ups)

Females improve at less rapid rate than males

Females tend to plateau during mid adolescence

Males show slow gains prior to puberty, rapid gains after

Page 6: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-6

Measures: (Lab: goniometer; Field: sit-and-reach)

Females outperform males at all ages

Females make yearly incremental improvements until late adolescence

Males regress during early adolescence followed by rapid improvement

Page 7: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-7

Measures (Lab: Under water weighing, electrical impedance; Field: BMI, Skinfold calipers)

Females have higher % body fat than males at all ages

Females % body fat increase rapidly during late childhood and early/mid adolescence with plateau in late adolescence (the female triad)

Page 8: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-8

Males increase in % body fat during late childhood and preadolescent period

Males decrease in % body fat during early adolescence and maintain low fat levels throughout adolescence

Page 9: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-9

Components (speed, power, agility, balance, coordination)

Genetically dependent Resistant to major environmental

change Relatively stable Related to skillful sport performance

Page 10: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-10

Measures (Lab: Reaction time; Field: 50-100 meter sprints)

Boys & Girls similar throughout childhood

Males outperform females at all ages

Page 11: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-11

Males make more rapid improvement after puberty than females

Males make significant annual gains throughout childhood and adolescence

Females tend to plateau during mid-adolescence

Page 12: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-12

Measures (Lab: Force Plate; Field: stick balance, one foot balances, beam walk)

Static: Males/females make significant qualitative & quantitative gains throughout childhood and adolescence

Dynamic: Females/males improve throughout childhood and adolescence

Dynamic: Males make rapid improvements after puberty

Page 13: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-13

Static/Dynamic: Females tend to outperform males during childhood

Static/Dynamic: Females & males are similar during adolescence with no clear advantage to either

Page 14: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-14

Measures (Lab: dynamometers; Field: vertical jump, distance jump & throw)

Boys & girls similar throughout childhood Males significantly outperform females

during and after puberty Males make significant annual

increments throughout adolescence Females begin to plateau during early

adolescence & regress by mid-adolescence

Page 15: Fitness Changes During Adolescence © Gallahue, D.L., Ozmun, J.C., & Goodway, J.D. (2012). Understanding Motor Development. Boston: McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

17-15

A Variety Of Laboratory And Field Based Measures Have Been

Devised That Attempt To Assess Elements Of Both Health-related And Performance-related Fitness


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