Upload
others
View
26
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Fish Passage Workshop, Wellington, 27 h November 2013
Sjaan Bowie Freshwater Team, Science & Capability, DOC
siaanbowie(doc.clovt.nz
ikpartment or Conservation k Papa Atowbal www.doc.govt.nz
Why are freshwater fish important?
• Recreational
• Commercial
• Customary
• Ecological
• Conservation WNW, —
11/12/2013
1
• 2/3 native fish are migratory
• Remaining resident
• Landlocked populations
11/12/2013
-*k--- 1"1111M
2
11/12/2013
Our native fish • Lamprey • Eels • Smelts • Galaxiidae (Galaxias, kokopu, whitebait,
mudfishes) • Torrentfish • Bullies • Flounders
67% of native fish threatened or at risk in NZ No legal protection
3
11/12/2013
Canterbury Galaxias Lowland Longjaw Galaxias
lnanga Banded Kokopu
Smelt Shortjaw kokopu
Whitebait
Koaro Giant Kokopu
The whitebait that don't go to sea... residents
Dwarf galaxias
• 44, 4.0-00 :6 * LA.' •
.00:1 •••• • ,
Brown mudfish Canterbury mudfish
F4' •;.%
AU%
4
11/12/2013
Upland bully Common bully
Bullies & Torrentfish
Giant bull
Bluegill bully I. -1
• e
Redfin bully
Tarndale bull
Cran's bully
Why is fish passage important in New Zealand
..... Larvae ......... SEA
rr'
streams/drains
Upstream
Juveniles (whitebait)
yv
lakes/w
5
11/12/2013
& Downstream
( Larvae... SEA
Why is fish passage important in New Zealand
Pr
streams/drains
-Free passage -Connectivity -Access to suitable habitat -Safe areas -Impingement/ Entrainment
lakes/we n
vv • vvY pawning Spawning N, •Yv
Adults
We've changed our rivers...
"St earn" creations/diversions
Road crossings
Water intakes Dams
F oodgates
Raceways drains ponds
6
Statutory obligations • Freshwater Fisheries Regulations 1983 • Resource Management Act 1991 • Regional & District policies, plans and
rules • ? Future — FW RMA reforms, NOF Activity DOC Other Legislation
Allow for fish passage -\/- RCs r.41 & r.42 FFR s.14 RMA
Fish facility - allow fish and water to pass and associated management functions
Ni r.43-50 FFR
1
Department of Conservation Tr Papa ..11"whal
11/12/2013
Freshwater Fisheries Regulations 1983 Part VI (Regulations 41-50)
• Culverts & fords may not be built in such a way as to impede fish passage, without a permit from the DG.
• The DG may require that any dam or diversion structure has a fish facility (fish pass, fish screen or similar) included & set conditions on their design and performance.
*Apply to all defined structures built after 1 January 1984
7
DOC Plans
15
• Agreed protocol • National fish passage project
established 2013 —Develop application form and
assessment process —Ensure DOC standards allow for fish
passage —Collate best practice and guidance —Establish prioritisation process
Dcpartmcnt COIlst:TVill ion 7. Papa:Italy/4d
To understand what makes a barrier we need to understand the fish...
• Distribution — Available habitat — Recruitment potential
• Habitat preferences • Migration & Spawning timing • Swimming ability
—Climbers —Jumpers —Swimmers
• Behaviour —Access provision
• Size NIWA's experimental ramps to test fish swimming abilities (source NIWA)
11/12/2013
8
Fish physiology, behaviour, size, life-history Climbers Jumpers Swimmers + combination
• Varying styles & abilities,
• Vary with life stage
11/12/2013
9
•Different fish have differer4 attributes that allow them to navigate through different fl,i5ws and habitats
-Designing structures in and arpund waterways that alter the natural flow need to consider the traits of the fish present
c
t` , 1 , ,ft, • It 1 7'2
A •
4A,
1'
•' 1 .0 '' ■ V (.1
A
/Pt 1
11/12/2013
Barriers to fish passage • Unintentional barriers
—Man-made structures e.g. culverts, dams, weirs, fords
—Natural waterfalls or cascades
• Intentional barriers —Built barriers — Water intake structure and design
20
Department of Conservation
Papa 'tumbril
10
Unintentional barriers • Road crossings, Culverts, Weirs, Fords
• Dams
• Floodgates
• Natural barriers Sometimes barriers are protecting native fish that can not
compete with others e.g. Trout best not to fix 21
Department of Conservation re Papa '15:wind
Natural barriers
Swim burn waterfall protecting Central Otago Roundhead galaxias from brown trout
Hakataramea waterfall protecting native fish upstream from brook char downstream
11/12/2013
11
11/12/2013
Overhan
Fast & turbulent water when open Taihoro Nukurangi
What makes a migration barrier?
Water depth!
Weir/intake structure
horo Nukurangi
Too high
What makes a migration barrier?
Tide/flood_gate Closed gates block fish
12
11/12/2013
Flood pumps can kill and injure fish
What makes a migration barrier?
Fast water Length of culvert inside
Vertical drop
Perched above river
Overhanging outlet
No shallow margin Turbulent water ihorQ Nukuronui
What makes a migration barrier? Flood pumping station
Taihoro Nukurangi
13
What makes a migration barrier?
Need to ensure their is a way out & it's Fish can get connected impinged &
entrained
•
To i loro Nukuransi
Fish can get entrained into take area and then no where to go
Water intake
Intentional Barriers
Built barriers • Barriers that are installed to
protect native fisheries or other values
• Natural Barriers altered to ensure protection
Water intakes Built to try & prevent
entrainment & impingement as fish that get into water intakes often have no way out
11/12/2013
14
What makes a migration barrier?
Fall and Head Built Barrier
maximised
Pool creation downstream prevented
Overhanging structure prevent climbers for some
••■•••
I . j
• ••••■• ma
Water levels can be managed
What makes a migration barrier?
Need to ensure their Water intake is a way out & it's Fish can get connected impinged &
entrained
Fish can get entrained into take area and then no where to go
11/12/2013
15
I it rtent irte 4c4nt R.pa a weila ram mud -
Department of Conservation Te Papa Mamba(
Examples of guidance out there
31
MH COLVO7U
Key considerations • Best to design structures to allow for fish
passage, than try and retrofit later
• Understand the fish • One fish pass or barrier does not fit all • Monitoring and maintenance is critical
• At a few key locations and water intakes; barriers are a good thing
Acknowledgements
•Bruno David (slides and videos on ropes, culverts etc). Also Mark Hamer, Kevin Collier, Jono Tonkin, Kris Taipeti, Hayden Hokianga, University of Waikato, Tauranga Polytech and aquaculture centre staff for input into those slides. •Stephen Moore, Tony Eldon (photos)
•NIWA (Paul Franklin, Cindy Baker)
•Irrigation NZ, ECan and Fish & Game Water Intake/Screening group
32
Dcpartincnt of Umservation Te Papa Alaultal
11/12/2013
16