FIRST LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN EFL STUDENTS’

COMPOSITION OF IAIN SALATIGA IN THE ACADEMIC

YEAR OF 2014/2015

Thesis

Presented to Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirement in English Department of Post Graduate Programs of

Muhammadiyah Univerisity of Surakarta

By

AHMAD SAMINGAN

NIM: S200130046

MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2016

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PRONOUNCEMENT

I am the writer of this thesis,

Name : Ahmad Samingan

NIM : S200130046

Program : Magister of Language Study

Focus on : Education

Title : First Language Interference in EFL Students’ Composition of

IAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2014/2015

Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work; I am completely

responsible for its content. Otherwise, there are some other writer’s opinions for

findings included in this thesis but they are quoted or cited in accordance with

ethical standard. When there is evidence that this thesis is a kind of plagiarism, I

will accept the correlation of my post graduate degree given by Muhammdiyah

University of Surakarta.

Surakarta, 04 January 2016

Sincerely,

AHMAD SAMINGAN

S200130046

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MOTTO

“Don’t depend on another, but rely on

yourself”

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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

My beloved father and mother (Bapak Ahmad Mujamil and Ibu Artinah)

My special older brother (Saefullah, S,Pd.I)

My brothers and sisters (Latiful Anam, S.Kom, Ali Masykur, Muhtashor,

Nur Komariah, Khamdiyah, Siti Mufidah, S.Pd.Aud, Parsiti, and Siti

Muntamah)

My thesis advisors (Ibu Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati and Ibu Muamaroh,

Ph.D)

All of my classmates in Post-Graduate Program majoring Magister of

Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

Everyone who knows me and reads this thesis

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all praises be to Allah the lord of the

universe. Due to his blessing, eventually, the writer could finish this thesis well.

Our blessing and praises to our prophet Muhammad (pbuh), who has brought us

from the darkness to the lightness.

However, the writer would not be able to finish this thesis well without

any help, guidance, and support from other people. Therefore, the writer would

like to thank to:

1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji, as the rector of Muhammadiyah University of

Surakarta,

2. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, as the director of Post-

Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

3. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, as the Head of Language Study

Department,

4. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati and Muamaroh, Ph.D, as advisors of this thesis

who have guided and advised me during the arrangement of this thesis

from the beginning until the end,

5. Ahmad Mujamil and Artinah, the writer’s parents who always pray for me.

6. Saefullah, S.PdI, my special big brother who always helps and supports

me when I am in need.

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7. Latiful Anam, S. Kom, Ali Masykur, Muhtashor, Nur Komariah,

Khamdiyah, Siti Mufidah, S.Pd.Aud, Parsiti, and Siti Muntamah, as my

beloved brothers and sisters,

8. Muh. Hafidz, M.Ag, Achmad Maimun, M.Ag, Hanung Triyoko, M.Hum,.

M.Ed., Hammam, Ph.D., and Dr. Budiyono Saputro, as my great

motivators who always support and care about me,

9. All of friends in Magister of Language Study at Muhammadiyah

University of Surakarta,

10. All of my lecturers of undergraduate study at IAIN Salatiga

11. All of my friends at Center for Language Service and Development of

IAIN Salatiga, and

12. Everyone who prays and cares about me.

The writer realizes that this research paper still has a lot of

weaknesses, therefore the writer thanks to the readers if they give

suggestion and criticism to make this thesis better.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Surakarta, 04 January 2016

The writer

AHMAD SAMINGAN

NIM: S200130046

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER ........................................................................................................... i

APROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii

NOTE OF ADVISOR 1 ................................................................................... iii

NOTE OF ADVISOR 2 …………………………………………………….. iv

PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... v

MOTTO .......................................................................................................... vi

DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vii

ACKNOLEDGMENT………………………………………………………. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ x

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study.…….………………………........ 1

B. Limitation of the Study….…………………………….…… 7

C. Statement of the Problem.…………….…………………… 7

D. Objective of the Study ……………………………............. 8

E. Benefit of the Study …………………….………….……... 9

F. Definition of key terms………….………………………..... 9

G. Research Paper Organization……………………………… 10

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Previous Study …………………..……………………...... 12

B. Underlying Theory ……………………………………..... 22

1. First Language Interference …………………............. 23

a. Notion of Interference ………………………..….. 23

b. Other Sister Terms ………………………….….... 30

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c. Types of Language Interference ……………..…… 37

d. Factors Contribute to Interference …………..…… 46

2. Error Analysis ………………………………….….…. 52

a. Notion of Error ………………………………..…. 53

b. Error and Mistake ………………………….…..... 56

c. Source of Error …………………………….…..... 57

d. Types of Error ………………………………..…. 61

3. Interlanguage ……………………………………..…. 64

a. Notion of Interlanguage…………………….….... 64

b. Characteristic of Interlanguage ……………..…… 66

c. Interlanguage Production …………………...…… 67

C. Theoretical Framework ………………………………….. 68

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Type …………………………………………… 70

B. Research Subject ………………………………………… 71

C. Research Object …………………………………………. 72

D. Data and Data Source …………………………………… 72

E. Technique of Collecting Data …………………………… 72

F. Technique of Analyzing Data …………………………… 74

G. Data Validity …………………………………………….. 76

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Finding …………………………….………….. 78

1. Types of Interference ……………………….……….. 78

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2. Frequency of Each Type of Interference …………… 101

3. The Most Dominant Type of Interference Error……. 103

4. Factors contribute to Interference ………………….. 104

B. Discussion of Finding ………………………………….. 108

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND

SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion ………………………………………….…… 119

B. Pedagogical Implication …………………………….….. 122

C. Suggestion ………………………………………………. 124

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

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ABSTRACT

Ahmad Samingan, S200130046: “First Language Interference in EFL Students’

Composition of IAIN Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2014/2015.

This study aimed at analyzing interference error caused by first language

interference made by English Foreign Language (EFL) students of IAIN Salatiga

in their English composition. The objectives are to find out type of interference,

frequency of each type, the most dominant type, and the factors contribute to

language interference in EFL students’ composition. This is a descriptive-

qualitative research. The data were taken through elicitation technique and

documentation, and then analyzed by using theory of language interference. The

findings of this study showed that EFL students made two types of interference;

lexical interference and syntactical interference. Lexical interference fell into five

categories: loanwords, literal translation at level of word, literal translation of L1

preposition, literal translation of L1 adverb of manner, and literal translation of L1

comparative degree of adjective. Syntactical interference also fell into five

categories: the use of L1 structure in target language, the use of L1 structure in

English noun phrase, literal translation in negation of verbal sentence, literal

translation in negation of nominal sentence, and literal translation in nominal

sentence of affirmative form.

Keywords: first language interference, EFL students’ composition

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ABSTRAK

Ahmad Samingan, S200130046: “Campur Tangan Bahasa Pertama pada

Karangan Mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris Sebagai Bahasa Asing di IAIN Salatiga

Tahun Akademik 2014/2015.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kesalahan yang disebabkan karena

campur tangan bahasa pertama yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa bahasa Inggris

sebagai bahasa asing di IAIN Salatiga tahun akademik 2014/2015. Tujuannya

adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis campur tangan bahasa, frekuensi, kesalahan

yang paling dominan, dan faktor penyebab terjadinya campur tangan bahasa

pertama yang terdapat pada karangan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah jenis

penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam penelititan ini diambil dengan cara tehnik

penimbulan dan dokumentasi, dan kemudian dianalisa menggunakan teori campur

tangan bahasa. Hasil penemuan menunjukan bahawa para mahasiswa membuat

dua jenis interferensi yaitu leksikal dan sintaktikal. Interferensi jenis leksikal

terbagi menjadi lima ketegori: pinjaman kata, terjemahan literal pada tingkat kata,

terjemahan secara literal pada kata depan bahasa pertama, terjemahan literal pada

kata keterangan cara di bahasa pertama, dan terjemahan literal pada tingkat

perbandingan kata sifat di bahasa pertama. Kemudian interferensi pada tingkat

sintaktikal juga dibagi menjadi lima kategori: penggunaan struktur bahasa pertama

di bahasa sasaran, penggunaan struktur bahasa pertama pada frase bahasa Inggris,

terjemahan literal pada kalimat verbal bentuk negative, terjemahan literal pada

kalimat nominal bentuk negative, dan terjemahan literal pada kalimat nominal

bentuk positif.

Kata kunci: campur tangan bahasa pertama, karangan mahasiswa bahasa Inggris

sebagai bahasa asing