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About FSF
The Firefighters Support Foundation is a 501c3 non-profit organization whose primary mission is to develop, produce and distribute training programs to firefighters and first responders. All of our programs are distributed free of charge.
2Basic Vehicle Extrication
Permission
Permission is granted to reproduce or distribute this material so long as the
Firefighters Support Foundation is credited as the source
3Basic Vehicle Extrication
Accompanying Video
This PowerPoint presentation accompanies the video presentation of the same title.
4Basic Vehicle Extrication
Presenter
Lt. Drew Livesey• 10 years as a Professional Firefighter in
the Portland-Metro area• 17 years of experience in the fire
service• Active team member in USAR as well as
Vehicle and Heavy Machinery Instructor
5Basic Vehicle Extrication
Overview
• Extrication Philosophy• Scene Approach and Control• Passive and Active Safety Systems• Safety System Mitigation• Extrication Considerations
Basic Vehicle Extrication 6
Extrication Philosophy
• Safety First(Turnouts, Gloves, Eye Pro, Charged Hose Line)
• Patient Protection and Care(Triage, # of patients, types of injuries)
• Remove the car from the Patient!
Basic Vehicle Extrication 7
Extrication Philosophy
Less is More Approach - Time vs. Benefit• The average extrication takes 30 min.• What does a trauma entry patient need?.... surgery…• Remove the vehicle from the patient and not the
patient from the vehicle (when appropriate….. it takes time)• Perform rapid extrication when appropriate (immediate
danger to life)
Basic Vehicle Extrication 8
Scene Approach and Control
• Call for resources early• Approach to scene• Stabilize– Scene– Vehicle– Patient
Basic Vehicle Extrication 9
Scene Approach and Control
Plan ABC….– Assign one person as extrication Team Leader– Team Leader determine Plan A; communicate it to
team; begin execution– Establish Plan B and C and ensure adequate
resources are available to execute– Monitor progress of plan, and switch to new plan
if progress is stalled
Basic Vehicle Extrication 10
Passive Safety Systems
Basic Vehicle Extrication 11
Vehicle construction– Body configurations– Reinforcement– Exotic materials– Other
Body Configurations
• Full frame “frame rail running front to back on each side”
Reliant upon no one component• Unibody “pass area floor pan with sub frame
connectors” Reliant upon all parts for integrity• Space frame “birdcage framework” Reliant upon cage for integrity
Basic Vehicle Extrication 12
Soft and Hard Points
• “Soft” outer skin• “Hard” points attached to soft skin and
reinforcements• “Hard” points need to be forced in order to
gain door access• “Soft” materials tend to fail when stressed by
a crash or by rescue tools
Basic Vehicle Extrication 14
Hinge / Latch Points
• Can be a very hard and reinforced point• Different hinge types– Cast– Stamped– Forged – Hardened Steel– Two Parts
Basic Vehicle Extrication 15
Hinge / Latch Points
Latch points– ‘Nader’ Pin - Safety Bolt– Wedge Design– Other ?
Basic Vehicle Extrication 16
Door Beams
• High strength steels• Micro-alloy Boron steel• Welded to lighter weight connectors• Bar is VERY difficult to cut !• Deadbolting door a possibility
Basic Vehicle Extrication 17
Airbag Identifier
• ID Plates• Shapes/ sizes• Can be “hidden”• Many locations/ placement• ID’ing should be done quickly as possible
Basic Vehicle Extrication 21
Pretensioners
• Part of the air bag system• Removes slack in the seat belt prior to
occupant impact• Works in conjunction with air bag system to
put occupant into the proper position before impact
• Usually a pyrotechnic propellant
Basic Vehicle Extrication 22
Rollover Protection
• Identified as ROPS – Rollover Protection System
• Spring or Pyrotechnic operated
Basic Vehicle Extrication 24
Peel and Peak
• Prior to cutting post in any vehicle you need to peel and peak– Pull all interior plastics and safety system cylinders
used to activate side and overhead airbag systems– Pull plastics covering seat belt pretensioners
Basic Vehicle Extrication 27
Safety System Mitigation
• Identify and Recognize Hazards• Kill the power – Cut or remove battery cables• Cut seatbelts when needed• Peel and Peak behind interior
Basic Vehicle Extrication 29
Wrap-up
• Scene safety• Vehicle type and safety systems• Have a plan A, B, and C• New vehicles are changing– High strength/exotic materials– Safety systems– Alternative fuel/hybrid vehicles
Basic Vehicle Extrication 30
Wrap-up
• Newer cars create new challenges to extrication adding to scene time
• More hazards to identify with new vehicle• Do not mindlessly cut and spread a vehicle
newer, smarter cars require newer, smarter approaches
Basic Vehicle Extrication 31