Fire Presentation

7/29/2019 Fire Presentation

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Fire Safety


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Fire Heat

Light

Burning

??????


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Fire Heat

Light

Burning

Toxic gases

Carbon monoxide


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HEAT

Fire Triangle

+

+ +


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Oxygen Surrounding air

Oxygen tanks/piped oxygen lines

Oxidizing agents

(self-producing)


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Oxygen

2

COMPRESSED

GASSES

PIPED O2

AIR OXIDIZING AGENTS(SELF-PRODUCING)


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Fuels Gases

Liquids

Solids

What really burns?


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Vapors


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Fuels


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Flammable & Combustible Liquids Flammable liquids have a flash point

below 100oF

Combustible liquids have a flash pointat or above 100oF

Note: General Industrial Standard


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Fire Tetrahedron

Oxygen

Fuel

Heat

Chain reaction


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Heat Sources Open flame

Hot surfaces

Sparks Arcs (electrical

energy)

Arcs (static

electricity)

Friction Suns heat

Compressing gases


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Fire Tetrahedron

Oxygen

Fuel

Heat

Chain reaction


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HEAT

Fire Tetrahedron

CHAIN REACTION

+

+ +


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Chain reaction


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Chain reaction All areas of the fire tetrahedron must be

present for a fire to start.

Some examples of no chain reaction:A plug shorting out, producing a spark but

not a fire.

Using alcohol to cook with (in most cases).Dropping a lit cigarette on the counter top

and picking it up.


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Spontaneous combustion


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Internal combustion arising with noexternal energy when all four parts ofthe tetrahedron are present.

All four parts of the fire tetrahedronmight not physically appear to bepresent.

Heat is still being produced by achemical reaction.

Spontaneous combustion


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FLAMMABLERANGE

TOOLEAN

TOORICH

0%

5%

15%

25%

NATURALGAS

Flammable limits


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Heat transfer Exothermic reaction

Conduction

Radiant heat

Direct

Convection


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Heat transfer

Exothermic

reaction


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Heat transfer

1st FIRE

2nd FIRE

Conduction


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Heat transferRadiant


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Heat transferEXITDIRECT


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Heat transfer

Convection


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LOW HEAT

MEDIUM HEAT

HIGH HEAT

Thermal layering

BreathingZone

1300 o F

600 o F

90 o FFloor

Ceiling


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Fire phases Incipient:

The beginning phase of a fire.

In this phase, there is no need for specialclothing, breathing apparatus, or evasive

action.


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Fire phases Steady state (free burning):

The phase of the fire in which both oxygen

and fuel are available, and the fire isspreading.

Hot gases and heated air are moving to

the upper portions of the building, and the

fire is approximately 1300oF.


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Fire phases Rollover

The process in which the super-heated

vapors and gases reach their ignitionpoint and start burning.


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Fire phases Flashover:

The phase of fire when everything in an

area or room has reached a temperaturethat gives off vapors.

All these vapors ignite at once.


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Fire phases Backdraft

When oxygen is reintroduced (either

naturally or through improper ventilation)to the hot smoldering phase; all items

ignite at once, causing an explosion.


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Fire phases Hot smoldering:

In this phase, the oxygen level has fallen

to about 15%.This causes the visible flames to go out

and the materials to smolder.

This is usually a precondition to

backdraft.


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Extinguishing fires Removing fuel

Another method for extinguishing a fire is

to remove the source fuel.


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Extinguishing fires Cooling

Using water to absorb the heat of the

fire, bringing the fire below its ignitionpoint.


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Extinguishing fires Removing oxygen

Can be accomplished through the use of

another gas, such as CO2

or nitrogen.


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Sprinkler heads


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A SINGLE SPRINKLER

HEAD BEING ACTIVATED

FOR A SMALL FIRE


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MORE THAN ONE

SPRINKLER HEAD

BEING ACTIVATED

FOR A LARGE FIRE


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Fire classes

CLASS A FIRE

Combustible

Material


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Fire classes

CLASS B FIRE

Liquids


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CLASS C FIRE

Fire classes

NOTE: After the

electricity is

disconnected,

the class changes toClass A.

Live Electrical Circuits


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Fire classes

CLASS D FIRE

MetalsMetals


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Fire classes

There is an additional fire class but this

class is not stated in OSHA regulations

Class KBurning food


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Fire extinguisher ratings Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

LABEL FOR

CLASS USE


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Fire fighting Should I do this or even try?

??

??


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HEAT

CHAIN REACTION

+

+ +

Removing at least part of the fire tetrahedron.

How to put a fire out?


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P Pull the safety pin.

A Aim the hose or horn at the base

of the fire.S Squeeze the carrying handle and

the discharge handle together.

S Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

How do I use a fire extinguisher?


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PULL AIM

SQUEEZE SWEEP

PA

S

S


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Priorities in emergency response

Self-protection

Co-worker health and safety

Aiding injured co-workers/protectingpatients

Prevention of property damage


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When a fire happens

Alarm:

Pull Station

Code Red Room ### Help patients in immediate danger.

Contain as much as possible.

Evacuate if necessary.


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Elements of 29 CFR 1910.38

Michigan Part 6 Means of egress

Emergency escape procedures and

emergency escape route assignmentsProcedures to be followed by employees

who remain to operate critical plant

operations before they evacuate


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Pre-planning for emergencies


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Elements of 29 CFR 1910.38

Michigan Part 6The preferred means of reporting fires

and other emergencies.

Names or regular job titles of persons or

departments who can be contacted for

further information or explanation of

duties under the plan.


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Do not block fire exits!

Do not block fire exits!


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Fire exits Fire exits and isles can never be blocked. Fire doors will open in the path of travel.

Fire doors should always be closed unless

they have a fused link or have anelectromechanical holding device.

Holds door open with a magnet and lets the door

close when the fire alarm system is activated

(common in hospitals)


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