FIRE FIGHTING @ 765/400 KV BAREILLY UP

A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

SUBMITTED TOMr. Yogesh MishraMr. Abhimanyu Singh RatoreMr. Amit Dangyache(Asst Prof)

Presented byMd Asghar Khalil(PCE2/ME/12/003)khalil9553@gmail.com

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, PCE JAIPUR

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION TO SITENECESSITY OF FIRE FIGHTINGDESIGN AND ENGINEERINGWATER INLET ACCESSORIESPIPING AND FITTINGWELDINGGAS CUTTERGRINDERHYDRANT SYSTEMAIR VESSEL PUMP AND MOTORSJOCKEY PUMPDIESEL ENGINECONTROL PANEL

INTRODUCTION ABOUT SITE

This site is work under the government of power grid.Safety department work is done by BCFSL• Bhartiya Caccialanza Fire Systems Limited called BCFSL is

an ISO 9001-2008 company established in 1988. Ours is a group of company and it was incorporated as a limited company in the year 1988 under the company’s act 1956. Since the existence of the company providing epic contract turnkey basis solution to any fire risk from all level of industries. Power plant, transmission, oil & gas, hospitals, commercial and residential buildings in all over the country.

Firefighting

Firefighting system is one of the important and integral part of the plant from a safety

point of view as transformer oil is highly inflammable and can cause great hazard.

Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires. A firefighters suppresses and extinguishes fires to protect lives and prevent destruction of property and the environment.

Necessity of Fire Fighting system

• The fire fighting system in the sub station is very essential

• Saves the equipment from damage• Loss of life & loss of equipment can be

prevented• Regular trial operation of the system is

necessary to detect any fault /deficiency in the system

Design & Engineering

Managing fire safety starts with the initial design of a building. The design should minimize the risk of fire and ensure that, if a fire does occur, appropriate fire safety systems (including active, passive, and procedural systems) are in place.It is now compulsory for companies to conduct a fire risk assessment. As an employer, or as someone who has control of a workplace, you must take reasonable steps to reduce the risk from fire and make sure people can safely escape if there is a fire.The management of fire safety is an essential element in averting disaster in the event of a fire. Although many buildings will never have a serious life-threatening fire, it is essential for fully functional fire safety procedures to be an integral part of every building.

Procurement & Supply:-

We provide fully comprehensive procurement and supply services to our customersOur Procurement division are drawn from specialized fields with each having a unique equipment and product knowledge which enables a faster response to client requirements with the addition of specialist technical support whenever needed.Our principle is to deliver quality products and service excellence at the most competitive price through our experience, integrity and overall ability by utilizing our experienced personnel with knowledge covering all aspects of marine and offshore equipments and spares in conjunction with our vast network of principals worldwide.

Project Management:-

Our designers stay with each project from start to finish. We manage and coordinate manpower, materials and schedules. Designers also handle contract documentation, design and hydraulic calculations, as well as stay informed on code and insurance compliance.Our employs are more than three dozen design professionals who are certified by the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET). Many of them have accumulated added certifications in special hazards. To satisfy NICET recertification and to ensure that our designers stay up-to-date with the latest technologies and methods in the industry, we encourage and provide continuing education credits.Nearly all our designers have engineering- or construction-related 4-year degrees coupled with mandatory shop and field training. We provide our staff with the latest in design software, as well as state-of-the-art, fixed and portable hardware to allow on-site design.

• Construction Management:-

We are among the best fire station construction companies, providing comprehensive services for institutional, educational, charitable, religious and public works projects in India and abroad.Distinguishing themselves among fire station construction companies, we have grown steadily through unfailing client satisfaction, repeat business, a prudent business philosophy, and just plain hard work. We provide experienced, vigilant control of design, budget and scheduling. Our builders, architects, and project managers know the critical questions to ask and by blending resourceful problem-solving skills, solid research methods, and peerless construction methods we consistently complete projects on time and in budget.

Inspection, Testing & Commissioning

We have the ability to provide inspections, service and maintenance for your fire sprinkler system and fire alarm system that meet or exceed all National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes and standards. We pride ourselves on delivering outstanding customer service through organization, personnel and experience. Customer service is one of our core values and we firmly believe it’s what makes our business successful.Our “one call does it all” philosophy means we can provide both services, and our clients can save time and money by eliminating the coordination problems that can arise when dealing with multiple companies. We take out the middleman and handle all our clients’ system needs from start to finish and beyond. After the first inspection is complete, we add their system information to our database, inform them of any problems, maintain their system data and advise them of scheduling requirements for future inspections.

PIPING AND FITTINGA fitting is used in pipe plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, to adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes, such as regulating or measuring fluid flow. The term plumbing is generally used to describe conveyance of water, gas, or liquid waste in ordinary domestic or commercial environments,Whereas piping is often used to describe high-performance.

FLANGETo connect two pipeA flange is an external or internal ridge, or rim (lip), for strength, asthe flange of an iron beam such as an I-beam or a T-beam; or forattachment to another object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc., or on the lens mount of a camera; or for a flange of a rail car.

SPIRIT LEVELTo check the pipe is straight and perpendicular or not.

RATCHET THREADERTo cut thread in the pipe

WRAPPING COATINGIt is used to cover the pipe by which water supply with the underground system. It is used fir protection of pipe by corrosion, destroy and leakage of pipe is strictly prohibited. It also increase the pipe to long life.

Welding is an art of joining metals by heating and then pressing together. The process of joining may also take place by other means of riveting or by fastening nut and bolts.

GAS CUTTEROxygen/Acetylene welding, or "Gas Welding", is a process which relies on combustion of oxygen and acetylene. When mixed together in correct proportions within a hand-held torch or blowpipe, a hot flame is produced with a temperature of about 3,200°c. The chemical action of the oxy/acetylene flame can be adjusted. by changing the ratio of the volume of oxygen to acetylene, using the valves on the torch or blowpipe.

GRINDER A grinding machine is a machine tool used for producing very

fine finishes or making very light cuts, using an abrasive wheel as the cutting device. This wheel can be made up of various sizes and types of stones, diamonds or of inorganic materials. For machines used to reduce particle size in materials processing see grinding.

HIGH SPEED CUTTER It is used to cut the section of pipe as dimension is required in

the design to set up the pipe.

Gate valveA gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow. The name gate is derived from the appearance of the disk in the flow stream.

StrainerIt is used to prevent impurities and solid particles from entering the pump.TypesY-type and basket type

Solenoid valveA solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve. The valve is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid in the case of a two-port valve the flow is switched on or off; in the case of a three-port valve, the outflow is switched between the two outlet ports. Multiple solenoid valves can be placed together on a manifold.Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics. Their tasks are to shut off, release, dose, distribute or mix fluids.

A- Input sideB- DiaphragmC- Pressure chamberD- Pressure relief passageE- SolenoidF- Output side

Strainer screensPerforated screens - These are formed by punching a large number of holes in a flat sheet of the required material using a multiple punch. The perforated sheet is then rolled into a tube and spot welded together These are relatively coarse screens and hole sizes typically range from 0.8 mm to 3.2 mm. Consequently, perforated screens are only suitable for removing general pipe debris.

Mesh screens - Fine wire is formed into a grid or mesh arrangement. This is then commonly layered over a perforated screen, which acts as a support cage for the mesh

Deluge Valve is known as a system control valve in a deluge system, used for fast application of water in a spray system. Deluge valve protects areas such as power transformer installation, storage tank, conveyor protection and other industrial application etc. With the addition of foaming agent they do protect aircraft hanger and

inflammable liquid .Pressure Relief ValveThe valve maintains a pre-set fixed upstream pressure, regardless of downstream pressure or flow rate variations. The valve will be closed drip tight when the upstream pressure is lower than the set value.Pressure Reduce Valve Hydraulic pressure-reducing valve. The valve maintains a pre-set fixed downstream pressure, regardless of upstream pressure or flow rate variations

Types of fire detectors

• Heat detectors• Smoke detectors• Flame detectors Heat Detectors• These are generally less sensitive than smoke detectors and areunlikely to respond for smoldering fires.• They are not suitable for the protection of places where small firescan cause huge losses.e.g. Computer Rooms• These are suitable for use in places where sufficient heat is likely tobe generated and damage caused the heat generated by firecontributes top main hazards. E.g. Battery Rooms, Boilers etc

Microprocessor based analogue addressable fire detection systems

• Analogue Fire Alarm SystemThese are also microprocessor based systems which work on the principle of extended loops and are suitable for large premises. The system gives LED indications in the control panel thereby isolating the source of fire.Addressable Fire Alarm SystemThese systems give LCD displays which show the exact location of all the detectors room-wise (for example computer room, drawing room etc.) from where fire has started.

• Conventional fire detection systems:- From control panels through to manual call points, decectors, bells, door releases and

sounders, gent by Honeywell provides a cost effective conventional fire detection system scalable for sites of all types. With the Xerox control panel at its hub, Gent can cover up to eight zones. Integrated with the low-current S-cube range of sounders incorporating sound, speech and storbe in a single device, Gent ensure a site has high levels of coverage with above average response rates during an emergency situation.

FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

A fire hydrant is an above-ground connection that provides access to a water supply for the purpose of fighting fires.The water supply may be pressurized, as in the case of hydrants connected to water mains buried in the street, or unpressurized, as in the case of hydrants connected to nearby ponds or cisterns. Every hydrant has one or more outlets to which a fire house may be connected. If the water supply is pressurized, the hydrant will also have one or more valves to regulate the water flow.

Hose pipes along with branch pipes and nozzles are kept in post boxes located adjacent to hydrants points.

In case of fire, these hoses are coupled to the respective hydrant and jet of water is directed towards the seat of the fire.

The system is automatic to the extent that whenever the pressure in the piping network drops the beyond a preset value, signal is given to start the hydrant pump by means of pressure switch. However the stopping of the pump is manual.

Water for the hydrant service is generally stored in an easily accessible RCC reservoir. The water for the hydrant system shall besupplied from the nearest bore wells available in the substation.

HYDRANT SYSTEM

SPECIFICATION

• The Hydrant system is spread in the switchyard and the auxiliary systems• Large pipes of dia 300mm/250mm/150mm either underneath or above the ground runs in the yard• Identification – post office red painted• The pressure in the line is maintained by the air compressor in auto mode – 7Kg/cm2• The hydro pneumatic tank maintains the pressure and loss of water.• Jockey pump maintains the water level in the hydro-pneumatic tank• Two level switches detect the water level

• A special type of nozzle – projectors discharges a cone of water in the formof evenly distributed broken streams of high velocity and high momentum.• The rapid movement of the broken streams of water is suddenly arrested atthe oil surface and the impact causes the oil to be broken up into tinyglobules to form an emulsion with water.• In this manner, almost immediately the water from the projector strikes theburning oil-in-water emulsion is formed which cannot burn.• In addition, the dispersion of the oil in minute globules in the water givesalmost instantaneous cooling and thus, together with the extinguishment ofthe fire, there is simultaneous cessation of the formation of the Vapour• Detection of fire – Quartzoid bulbs fitted in the detection line• The Quartzoid bulbs are broken at 79Deg C thus reducing the pressure indetection line

Emulsification process

SPRINKLER SYSTEM

A system for extinguishing fires; water from a network of overhead pipes is released through nozzles that open automatically with the rise in temperature.A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Although historically only used in factories and large commercial buildings, home and small building systems are now available at a cost-effective price.

WATER SUPPLIES:• Water for the spray system shall be stored in any easily accessiblesurface or under ground lined reservoir or above ground tanks of steel,concrete, or masonry.• Reservoirs/tank shall be in two independent but interconnectedcompartments with a common sump for suction to facilitate cleaning andrepairs.• Water for the systems shall be free of particles, suspended matters,etc. andas far as possible, filtered water shall be used for the systems.• Level indicator shall be provided for measuring the quantity of waterstored anytime.• Water reservoir/tank shall be cleaned at least once in two years or morefrequently if necessary to prevent contamination and sedimentation.• It is advisable to provide adequate inflow into the reservoir/tank so that theprotection can be reestablished within a short period.

Water Spray Systems

TYPES OF SPRAY SYSTEM• Medium Velocity Water Spray System – MVWS

Fires involving liquids with flash points below 32°C cannot always be extinguished by high velocity water spray system, and in such cases medium velocity water sprayers giving medium water drop sizes are employed. Water is sprayed directly over the protected surface, preventing dangerous temperature rise and distortion.

• High Velocity Water Spray System – HVWSHigh velocity water spray system has been designed to extinguish oil fires. It introduces an entirely new principle in fire extinguishing.High velocity water spray system has been designed to extinguish oil fires. It introduces an entirely new principle in fire extinguishing. It is employed to bring about a fundamental change in the nature of the flammable liquid, which is converted temporarily into an emulsion that cannot burn.All oils are water repellent, and so do not melt. Therefore, the cooling action of water applied in the form of a jet or low-pressure spray is negligible. The basic principle used in high velocity spray system is the use of water in the form of fine mist.

• This system is used for the protection of transformers and reactors in thesubstation.• The High Velocity Water Spray System - for extinguishing of oil fires• It is employed to bring about a fundamental change in the nature of theinflammable liquid, which is converted temporarily into an emulsion whichcannot burn.• High Velocity water spray system - network of projectors arranged aroundthe equipment to be protected.• Water under pressure is directed to the projector network through a flowcontrol/deluge valve from a pipe network laid exclusively for the spraysystem.• The minimum running water pressure at any projector must in no instancebe below 3.5 bar.

High Velocity Water (HVW) Spray System

NozzleNozzle is a device which accelerates the fluid in a direction along the axis of nozzle.Special type of nozzle – projectors discharges a cone of water in the formof evenly distributed broken streams of high velocity and high momentum

Quartzoid Bulb Detector (QBD)It is used for detection of fire which will be connected to the deluge valve for auto operation of the system.Sprinkler temperature should be of 68Deg or 79Deg Celsius depending upon the ambient temperature of the location of the plant.

Pressure gaugeWater pressure is measured in pounds per square inch or psi. An average water pressure is around 30-50 psi. The pressure can vary widely from home to home. Determining your specific pressure is necessary to your irrigation plan. Keep in mind that sprinkler and drip systems will not work properly if the pressure is too low or too high. Most sprinkler systems work at an optimal pressure of 30-50 psi, and most drip systems work best in the range of 20-40 psi.

It is used to reduce frictional head and give a steady flow of liquid.Air Vessel Mild steel air vessel adequate size to take care of pressure surges during operation of the system and venting of entrapped air in the system shall be complete with air relief valve, pressure gauge, drain valve and shut off valve at the inlet.

• Electrical driven HVWS Pump – 410Cum/Hr Motor 125KW• Diesel engine driven HVWS pump - 410Cum/Hr Engine 166BHP• Electrical driven Hydrant Pump – 96Cum/Hr Motor 30KW• Diesel engine driven HVWS pump - 96Cum/Hr Engine 57BHP• Jockey pump – 10.8CuM/Hr Motor 7.5KW• Air Compressor – 8Kg/Cm2 Motor 3KW

Pumps & Motors

ELECTRIC MOTORThe motor or an electrical motor is a device that has brought about one of the biggest advancements in the fields of engineering and technology ever since the invention of electricity. A motor is nothing but an electro-mechanical device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

Types of electric motor1) DC Motor 2) Induction Motor 3) Synchronous Motor

JOCKEY PUMPJockey pump is a small pump connected to a fire sprinkler system to maintain pressure in the sprinkler pipes. This is to ensure that if a fire-sprinkler is activated, there will be a pressure drop, which will be sensed by the fire pumps automatic controller, which will cause the fire pump to start.

DIESEL ENGINEDiesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine. Combustion is another word for burning, and internal means inside, so an internal combustion engine is simply one where the fuel is burned inside the main part of the engine (the cylinders) where power is produced.

CONTROL PANELThe supplier shall supply necessary control panels with instruments mounted therein. All the interconnections between panel and equipment will be carried out by others for which purpose the supplier shall apply adequate quantities of tubing, wiring, fittings, terminal boxes etc.