-
II/A •. W L· ~~1 II V ~ l J.::Pt~~ National Nuclear Security
Administration
DOE/EIS-0236-S4
f;ira COmRI Transformati0A SUR I ental Programmatic
}l.- tal Impact Statem nt
Volum II Chapter 5 - 15 and
Appendices A - G
National Nuclear Security Administration U.S. Department of
Energy
October 2008
-
Chapter 6 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
-
Chapter 6 Cumulative Impacts
6.4.1 Description of WIPP and NEF
6.4.1.1 Description of WIPP
Final Complex Transformation SPEIS October 2008
The WIPP facility is the nation's first underground repository
permitted to safely and permanently dispose of transuranic (TRU)
radioactive and mixed waste generated through Defense-related
activities and programs. Over the planned 35-year operational
lifetime, the WI~P facility is expected to receive approximately
37,000 shipments of waste from locations across the United States
(WIPP 2007).
The WIPP disposal site is located 26 miles east of Carlsbad, in
Eddy County in the Chihuahuan Desert of southeast em New Mexico
(Figure 6.4-1). The WIPP site encompasses 16 square miles (mi2).
This part of New Mexico is relatively flat and is sparsely
inhabited, with little surface water.
Ch aves County ~-~~~~~~Eddy~~~y~
Artesia
Source: WIPP 2007.
o Federol H"oghwoy o State Hlghll.·ay - 0 1her Rood~
Figure 6.4-1-Location ofWIPP in Eddy County, New Mexico
In 1999, WIPP received its first TRU waste shipment. In October
of that year the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) issued
the WIPP Hazardous Waste Facility Permit (HWFP), which allows
contact-handled (CH) TRU mixed waste to be managed, stored, and
disposed at the
6 - 15
-
Final Complex Transformation SPEIS Chapter 6 October 2008
Cumulative Impacts
�
6 - 16
WIPP facility. In October 2006, NMED issued a revised HWFP
allowing the WIPP facility to receive remote-handled (RH) TRU mixed
waste (WIPP 2007).
The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land Withdrawal Act (Public Law
102-579) was signed into law on October 30, 1992. With the
exception of facilities within the boundaries of the posted 0.463
mi2 Exclusive Use Area, the surface land uses remain largely
unchanged from pre-1992 uses, and are managed in accordance with
accepted practices for multiple land use. The majority of the lands
in the immediate vicinity of WIPP are managed by the U.S.
Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Land
uses in the surrounding area include livestock grazing; potash
mining; oil and gas exploration and production; and recreational
activities such as hunting, camping, hiking, and bird watching.
There are 25 residents living within 10 miles of the WIPP site.
The population within this area is associated with ranching, oil
and gas exploration/production, and potash mining. There are two
nearby ranch residences. The majority of the local population
within 50 miles of WIPP is concentrated in and around the
communities of Carlsbad, Hobbs, Eunice, Loving, Jal, Lovington, and
Artesia, New Mexico. The estimated population within this radius is
100,944. The nearest community is the village of Loving (estimated
population 1,326), 18 miles west-southwest of the WIPP site. The
nearest major populated area is Carlsbad, 26 miles west of the WIPP
site. The estimated population of Carlsbad is 25,625.
The DOE policy is to conduct its operations in compliance with
applicable environmental laws and regulations, and to safeguard the
integrity of the southeastern New Mexico environment. The DOE
conducts effluent monitoring, environmental surveillance, land
management, and assessments to verify that these objectives are met
and to provide data necessary to demonstrate compliance with
applicable environmental protection regulations.
6.4.1.2 Description of NEF
Construction of the NEF began in August 2006 and the first phase
(the first of six cascade halls) of the plant is scheduled to
become operational in 2009. Once operational, NEF will produce
enriched uranium-235 up to 5 weight percent by the gas centrifuge
process. Production of enriched uranium fluoride product would
increase from approximately 85 tons initially to a maximum of 882
tons at full production (LES 2005). Uranium enrichment is a step in
the nuclear fuel cycle in which natural uranium is converted and
fabricated so it can be used as nuclear fuel in commercial nuclear
power plants. A detailed description of the NEF and the uranium
enrichment process may be found in the Environmental Impact
Statement for the National Enrichment Facility in Lea County, New
Mexico.
The NEF is located on 543 acres of previously undeveloped land
that was used for cattle grazing in Lea County in southeastern New
Mexico, approximately 20 miles south of Hobbs, New Mexico; 8 5
miles east of Eunice, New Mexico; and about 0.5 mile from the New
Mexico/Texas State line (Figure 6.4-2). Eunice is the closest
population center (NRC 2005a).
The nearest permanent resident is 2.6 miles west of the site
near the junction of New Mexico Highway 234 and New Mexico Highway
18. There is no permanent surface water on the site,
-
Chapter 6 Cumulative Impacts
Final Complex Transformation SPEIS October 2008
and appreciable groundwater reserves are deeper than 1,115 feet.
NEF receives all of its water supply from the Eunice and/or Hobbs
municipal water supply systems. The local municipalities obtain
water from groundwater sources in the Ogallala Aquifer near the
city of Hobbs (NRC 2005a).
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
122903 03 TB Source: louisiana Energy Serv, s. " a . nal
Enrichment Fac ility Environmenta l Repo,1." Revision O. Dece ber
2003.
• Major Cities Counties
~ Weather Station
- - - State Boundary Inte rstate/Highway
Source: NRC 2005a.
~~O~ __
~~iiiiiiiil~~Oiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;;;;;i;i4?
Kilometers
2_5~"'_~~iiiiiiiil~~O~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii25
MUos E !
Figure 6.4-2-Location of the National Enrichment Facility
6 - 17
-
Final Complex Transformation SPEIS October 2008
MEXICO MILES
o 50
COLORADO
WIPP
Chapter 6 Cumulative Impacts
OK
Onl04 01 18 Soo" .. : N"", ~xko o..partmoKll ofTr.nsp;rt.~on
(Accessed 07121104).
Figure 6.4-3-Location of All Four Major Facilities Addressed
6.4.2 Cumulative Impacts
This cumulative impact assessment considers nuclear weapons
complex facilities and other large nuclear facilities in the state
of New Mexico, as shown in Figure 6.4-3. Those resources with
site-specific impacts that would not result in a significant
adverse cumulative impact are not addressed in this assessment,
including geology and soils, biologicaVecological, cultural,
surface and groundwater quality, and nonradiological air quality.
The resources addressed in this assessment are socioeconomics,
utilities (water and electricity), transportation, worker and
public
6 - 18
-
Chapter 6 Final Complex Transformation SPEIS Cumulative Impacts
October 2008
�
6 - 19
health, and management of radioactive waste. For purposes of
this cumulative impact assessment, the Consolidated Centers of
Excellence Alternative was used for Complex Transformation impacts
because it has the greatest environmental impacts and would thus
bound the analysis. NNSA’s Preferred Alternative does not include
implementation of the CNPC Option at any of its sites. The impacts
for each of the four major facilities are displayed in Table
6.4-1.
LANL is the only one of the four facilities addressed in this
cumulative impact assessment that could experience significant
changes under Complex Transformation. In Table 6.4.1, the impacts
of LANL with and without Complex Transformation are displayed.
The NEF is currently under construction. This cumulative impact
assessment evaluates only the estimated operational impacts of NEF;
it does not address construction-related impacts.
6.4.2.1 Socioeconomic Resources
Once NEF becomes fully operational the four major nuclear
facilities in New Mexico will directly employ a total of 23,467
people. The estimated total income from those jobs is over $1.32
billion. The maximum number of direct jobs that could be created by
Complex Transformation is 4,500. The total estimated income
including direct jobs from Complex Transformation would be over
$1.53 billion.
In addition to the income from direct employment, there is a
substantial amount of income that is created indirectly or is
induced. It is estimated that there are a total of 49,230 indirect
jobs created by economic activity generated by employment at the
major nuclear facilities in New Mexico. Total salaries and wages
from indirect and induced employment resulting from activities of
these nuclear facilities is estimated to be almost $2.3 billion
Indirect employment resulting from Complex Transformation would
generate an estimated additional $286,200,000 in salaries and wages
each year, increasing the total indirect income to almost $2.6
billion. Direct and indirect/induced employment in the four major
nuclear facilities generates a total of about $3.8 billion in the
state of New Mexico.
Further, each of the facilities generates jobs and economic
activity in New Mexico through contracting and procurements from
local business. These activities at SNL/NM, WIPP, and NEF would
generate almost $1.1 billion each year.
The total economic impact of the major nuclear facilities to the
state of New Mexico exceeds $4 billion each year.
6.4.2.2 Utilities
The total amount of water used at the four facilities is about
941 million gallons per year. This amount of water usage does not
exceed the capabilities of the various water suppliers for the
facilities. Cumulative water usage with implementation of the most
severely impacting Complex Transformation alternative would be
about 1.34 billion gallons per year. Implementation of the
-
Final Complex Transformation SPEIS Chapter 6 October 2008
Cumulative Impacts
�
6 - 20
CNPC Option at LANL would cause water usage at that site to
exceed LANL’s current water rights; however, it would not exceed
the capability of the water supply.
-
Cha
pter
6
Fina
l Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
SP
EIS
C
umul
ativ
e Im
pact
s O
ctob
er 2
008
6 - 2
1
Tab
le 6
.4-1
—C
umul
ativ
e Im
pact
s of M
ajor
Nuc
lear
Fac
ilitie
s in
New
Mex
ico
Faci
lity
LA
NL
aSN
L/N
Ma
Was
te Is
olat
ion
Pilo
t Pla
nt
Nat
iona
l Enr
ichm
ent F
acili
tyb
Res
ourc
eIm
pact
s of F
acili
ties
13,5
04 d
irect
jobs
14,3
14 in
dire
ct jo
bs
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion:
4,
500
dire
ct jo
bs
4,77
0 in
dire
ct jo
bs
8,65
8 di
rect
jobs
c
32,3
00 in
dire
ct jo
bsd
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot h
ave
an a
ppre
ciab
le e
ffec
t on
jobs
at S
NL/
NM
1,09
5 di
rect
jobs
e
2,44
3 in
dire
ct jo
bse
210
dire
ct jo
bs
173
indi
rect
jobs
Soci
oeco
nom
ic
Empl
oym
ent
Econ
omic
D
irect
sala
ries/
wag
es: $
637,
388,
800
Indi
rect
sala
ries/
wag
es: $
858,
840,
000
Dis
burs
emen
ts to
New
Mex
ico
busi
ness
es in
200
7: $
788
mill
ionf
Ann
ual i
ncom
e in
crea
se fr
om C
ompl
ex
Tran
sfor
mat
ion:
D
irect
$21
2,40
0,00
0 In
dire
ct $
286,
200,
000
Tota
l $49
8,60
0,00
0
Dire
ct sa
larie
s/w
ages
: $60
3,00
0,00
0c
Indi
rect
sala
ries/
wag
es: $
1,33
2,63
0,00
0d
Con
tract
pay
men
ts to
NM
bus
ines
ses i
n 20
03: $
245
mill
ionc
Dire
ct sa
larie
s/w
ages
: $70
,000
,000
g
Indi
rect
sala
ries/
wag
es: $
75,0
00,0
00e
Con
tract
and
pro
cure
men
t spe
ndin
g in
N
ew M
exic
o: $
42.8
mill
iong
Dire
ct sa
larie
s/w
ages
: $10
,900
,000
Indi
rect
sala
ries/
wag
es: $
5,80
0,00
0
Loca
l ann
ual s
pend
ing
on g
oods
and
se
rvic
es: $
9.9
mill
ion
380
mill
ion
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion:
395
mill
ion
Tota
l 775
mill
ion
555.
3 m
illio
n
3.51
6 m
illio
n h
23.1
mill
ion
Util
ities
Wat
er U
se
(gal
lons
per
yea
r)
Elec
trici
ty U
se
391,
096
MW
h
Com
plex
tran
sfor
mat
ion:
264
,000
M
Wh
207,
672
MW
h 20
,992
MW
hh
262,
800
MW
h
-
Fina
l Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
SP
EIS
C
hapt
er 6
O
ctob
er 2
008
Cum
ulat
ive
Impa
cts
6 - 2
2
Tab
le 6
.4-1
—C
umul
ativ
e Im
pact
s of M
ajor
Nuc
lear
Fac
ilitie
s in
New
Mex
ico
(con
tinue
d)Fa
cilit
yL
AN
La
SNL
/NM
aW
aste
Isol
atio
n Pi
lot P
lant
N
atio
nal E
nric
hmen
t Fac
ility
b
Res
ourc
eIm
pact
s of F
acili
ties
156
pers
on-r
em/y
r;
0.09
4 LC
F/yr
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
dose
: 386
pe
rson
-rem
/yr;
0.23
LC
F/yr
Com
bine
d w
orke
r dos
e: 5
42 p
erso
n-re
m/y
r; 0.
324
LCF/
yr
8.5
pers
on-r
em/y
r;
0.00
51 L
CF/
yr
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot
subs
tant
ially
aff
ect r
adio
logi
cal e
xpos
ure
rate
s at S
NL/
NM
.
0.9
pers
on-r
em/y
ri ;0.
0005
8 LC
F/yr
G
ener
al o
ffic
e w
orke
r >5
mre
m/y
r O
pera
tions
/Mai
nten
ance
Tec
hnic
ian
100
mre
m/y
r C
ylin
der h
andl
er 3
00 m
rem
/yr
Ass
umin
g al
l wor
kers
at f
acili
ty re
ceiv
e 30
0 m
rem
ann
ual d
ose;
col
lect
ive
dose
fo
r ent
ire w
orke
r pop
ulat
ion
wou
ld b
e 63
per
son-
rem
, and
3.7
8x10
-2 L
CF/
yr.
Hea
lth a
nd S
afet
y
Wor
kers
Publ
ic
Max
imal
ly E
xpos
ed In
divi
dual
: 1.
7 m
rem
/yr;
1.0x
10-3
LC
F/yr
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
dose
: 0.0
46
mre
m/y
r; 2.
8x10
-5 L
CF/
yr
Com
bine
est
imat
ed d
ose:
1.7
3 m
rem
/yr;
1.0x
10-3
LC
F/yr
Col
lect
ive
Dos
e to
the
Publ
ic:
2.5
pers
on-r
em/y
r; 1.
5x10
-3 L
CF/
yr
Col
lect
ive
dose
to th
e pu
blic
from
m
axim
um C
ompl
ex T
rans
form
atio
n op
erat
ions
: 0.3
79 p
erso
n-re
m/y
r; 2.
3 x
10-4
LC
F/yr
Com
bine
est
imat
ed c
olle
ctiv
e do
se:
2.83
9 pe
rson
-rem
/yr;
1.71
x10-
3 LC
F/yr
Max
imal
ly E
xpos
ed In
divi
dual
: 4.
9x10
-6 m
rem
/yr;
2.9x
10-9
LC
F/yr
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot
subs
tant
ially
aff
ect r
adio
logi
cal e
xpos
ure
rate
s to
the
max
imal
ly e
xpos
ed
indi
vidu
al n
ear S
NL/
NM
.
Col
lect
ive
Dos
e to
the
Publ
ic:
1.7x
10-4
per
son-
rem
/yr;
1.0x
10-7
LC
F/yr
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot
subs
tant
ially
aff
ect r
adio
logi
cal e
xpos
ure
rate
s to
the
publ
ic in
the
regi
on a
roun
d SN
L/N
M.
Max
imal
ly E
xpos
ed In
divi
dual
: 3.
9x10
-6 m
rem
/yr;
2.4x
10-9
LC
F/yr
i
Col
lect
ive
Dos
e to
the
Publ
ic:
1.2x
10-5
per
son-
rem
/yri ;
7.1x
10-9
LC
F/yr
Max
imal
ly E
xpos
ed In
divi
dual
: 1.
3×10
-3 m
rem
/yr 7
.8×1
0-8 L
CF/
yr
Col
lect
ive
Dos
e to
the
Publ
ic:
1.4×
10-2
per
son
rem
/yr
8.4×
10-6
LC
F/yr
Tota
l est
imat
ed a
nnua
l shi
pmen
ts o
f ra
dioa
ctiv
e m
ater
ials
and
was
te 2
,800
to
12,
244j
Tota
l est
imat
ed a
nnua
l shi
pmen
ts o
f ra
dioa
ctiv
e m
ater
ials
and
was
te 3
,006
k
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot
subs
tant
ially
aff
ect t
rans
porta
tion
at
SNL/
NM
.
Tota
l est
imat
ed n
umbe
r of r
adio
activ
e w
aste
ship
men
ts 1
0,77
8 pe
r yea
r. To
tal e
stim
ated
ship
men
ts o
f ra
dioa
ctiv
e m
ater
ials
and
was
te 2
,190
pe
r yea
r
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Num
ber o
f Shi
pmen
ts
Non
radi
olog
ical
Num
ber o
f fat
aliti
es: 2
.96/
yr
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion:
N
umbe
r of f
atal
ities
: 0.0
0010
8/yr
.
Traf
fic fa
talit
ies /
yr. 1
.9
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot
subs
tant
ially
aff
ect t
rans
porta
tion
at
SNL/
NM
.
Traf
fic fa
talit
ies 0
.14/
yr.
Traf
fic fa
talit
ies 0
.6
-
Cha
pter
6
Fina
l Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
SP
EIS
C
umul
ativ
e Im
pact
s O
ctob
er 2
008
6 - 2
3
Tab
le 6
.4-1
—C
umul
ativ
e Im
pact
s of M
ajor
Nuc
lear
Fac
ilitie
s in
New
Mex
ico
(con
tinue
d)Fa
cilit
yL
AN
La
SNL
/NM
aW
aste
Isol
atio
n Pi
lot P
lant
N
atio
nal E
nric
hmen
t Fac
ility
b
Res
ourc
eIm
pact
s of F
acili
ties
Rad
iolo
gica
l
Inci
dent
free
: O
ccup
atio
nal--
91
pers
on-r
em/y
r.;
0.05
5 LC
F/yr
Publ
ic—
28.7
per
son-
rem
/yr.;
0.1
7 LC
F/yr
.
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion:
O
ccup
atio
nal a
nd P
ublic
: 0.
6 pe
rson
-rem
/yr;
3.58
×10-
4 LC
F/yr
.
Inci
dent
free
: O
ccup
atio
nal—
93.7
2 pe
rson
-rem
/yr;
0.05
6 LC
F/yr
Publ
ic—
586.
8 pe
rson
-rem
/yr;
0.35
2 LC
F/yr
.
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot
subs
tant
ially
aff
ect t
rans
porta
tion
at
SNL/
NM
.
Inci
dent
free
: O
ccup
atio
nal—
1.5
pers
on-r
em/y
r; 0.
0009
LC
F/yr
.m
Publ
ic—
15 p
erso
n-re
m/y
r.; 0
.09
LCF/
yr.
Inci
dent
Fre
e:
Occ
upat
iona
l—50
per
son-
rem
/yr.;
0.0
3 LC
F/yr
.
Publ
ic—
1.5
pers
on-r
em/y
r.; 0
.009
LC
F /y
r
Rad
ioac
tive
Was
te M
anag
emen
t(c
ubic
met
ers p
er y
ear)
LLW
5
,986
M
ixed
was
te
12
2 TR
U
14
6 M
ixed
TR
U
8
4
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion:
LL
W
8,94
4 M
ixed
was
te
73
TR
U
650
M
ixed
TR
U
237
LLW
2
68
Mix
ed w
aste
3
.34
TRU
N
one
Mix
ed T
RU
Non
e
Com
plex
Tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
wou
ld n
ot
subs
tant
ially
aff
ect g
ener
atio
n of
ra
dioa
ctiv
e w
aste
at S
NL/
NM
.
LLW
1n
Mix
ed w
aste
<1n
TRU
(dis
pose
d)
5,9
84o
Mix
ed T
RU
(inc
lude
d in
TR
U)
LLW
3,8
42p
Mix
ed w
aste
Non
e an
alyz
ed
TRU
Non
e M
ixed
TR
U
N
one
a Unl
ess o
ther
wis
e no
ted,
info
rmat
ion
is d
eriv
ed fr
om th
is S
PEIS
. b S
ourc
e of
Nat
iona
l Enr
ichm
ent F
acili
ty im
pact
s is N
RC
200
5.
c Dire
ct e
mpl
oym
ent a
t SN
L/N
M is
der
ived
from
DO
E 20
06a.
d I
ndire
ct sa
larie
s/w
ages
for S
NL/
NM
cal
cula
ted
usin
g a
mul
tiplie
r of 2
.21
(DO
E 19
99c)
e D
OE
1997
a f S
ourc
e: W
ither
s 200
8 g S
ourc
e: M
cCla
usin
200
8a
h Sou
rce:
McC
laus
in 2
008b
i S
ourc
e: M
cCla
usin
200
8c
j Sou
rce:
WIP
P 20
07.
k LA
NL
Tran
spor
tatio
n nu
mbe
r of s
hipm
ents
bas
ed o
n Ex
pand
ed O
pera
tions
Alte
rnat
ive
in 2
008
LAN
L SW
EIS,
ave
rage
d ov
er 1
0 ye
ars.
l Sou
rce:
DO
E 19
99c
m N
ote:
The
occ
upat
iona
l LC
F fo
r WIP
P tra
nspo
rtatio
n, 0
.009
LC
F/yr
. is f
rom
the
1997
WIP
P EI
S. B
ased
on
actu
al d
ose
mea
sure
men
ts o
f TR
U w
aste
driv
ers b
etw
een
1999
and
200
6, th
e av
erag
e do
se
to d
river
s was
0.1
465
pers
on-r
em/y
r. Th
is d
ose
equa
tes t
o 8.
79x1
0-5 L
CF/
yr.
n McC
laus
in 2
008d
o M
c C
laus
in 2
008e
p N
ote:
NR
C 2
005
repo
rted
pote
ntia
l rad
ioac
tive
was
te b
y w
eigh
t. In
ord
er to
con
vert
to v
olum
e, it
was
ass
umed
that
all
LLW
wou
ld b
e D
UF6
tran
spor
ted
in 4
8Y c
onta
iner
s. Th
e vo
lum
e (4
.04
cubi
c m
eter
s) a
nd m
axim
um n
et w
eigh
t (12
,501
kilo
gram
s) o
f the
48Y
con
tain
er w
as o
btai
ned
from
Inte
rim
Gui
danc
e fo
r th
e Sa
fe T
rans
port
of R
epro
cess
ed U
rani
um (I
AEA
-TEC
DO
C-7
50).
The
net w
eigh
t of
the
48Y
con
tain
er w
as c
onve
rted
to to
ns (
13.7
8 to
ns).
The
wei
ght o
f LL
W p
roje
cted
in N
RC
200
5 (1
3,10
0 to
ns)
was
div
ided
by
13.7
8 to
det
erm
ine
the
num
ber
of 4
8Y c
onta
iner
s th
at w
ould
be
ship
ped
with
DU
F6 (9
51).
The
num
ber o
f con
tain
ers w
as th
en m
ultip
lied
by 4
.04
cubi
c m
eter
s to
obta
in a
n ov
eral
l vol
ume
of L
LW.
-
Final Complex Transformation SPEIS Chapter 6 October 2008
Cumulative Impacts
�
6 - 24
The current cumulative electricity requirement for the four
sites is approximately 882,560 MWh per year. The servicing
electrical providers are capable of providing this amount of power
in addition to providing service to their other customers.
Electricity requirements with Complex Transformation would be about
1,146,5610 MWh per year. The increase in electrical requirements
for the Complex Transformation CNPC Alternative at LANL would
potentially use approximately 96 percent of the peak power capacity
that is available within the power pool.
6.4.2.3 Health and Safety
The release of radioactive materials and the potential level of
radiation doses to workers and the public from operation of NNSA
facilities are regulated by DOE Order 5400.5. This Order sets
annual dose standards to members of the public from routine
operations of 100 mrem through all exposure pathways. The Order
also requires that no member of the public receives an effective
dose equivalent (EDE) in a year greater than 10 mrem from airborne
emissions of radionuclides and 4 mrem from drinking water. In
addition, EPA dose requirements in National Emission Standards for
Radionuclides Other than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities
(40 CFR Part 61, Subpart H) limit exposure to the offsite MEI from
all air emissions to 10 mrem per year.
The doses for all four facilities were summed for the population
within 50 miles. The consequences, expressed as latent cancer
fatalities (LCFs) were also summed. Similarly, the doses and
consequences for facility workers were summed. The results of these
calculations are displayed in Table 6.4-2. In calculating doses to
workers, the NEF FEIS only addressed the dose to an individual in a
class of worker (i.e., general office worker, operation/maintenance
technician, and cylinder handler). For this analysis, the dose rate
for the class of employee with the greatest exposure was used to
develop the collective dose for the entire worker population at the
NEF.
Table 6.4-2—Cumulative Health Impacts in New Mexico from Major
Nuclear Facilities Public Workers
Current Conditions Dose: 2.5 person-rem/yr Effect: 1.49x10-3
LCF/yr Dose: 228.5 person-rem/yr Effect: 0.14 LCF/yr
With Complex Transformation Dose: 2.9 person-rem/yr Effect:
1.72x10-3 LCF/yr Dose: 228.9 person-rem/yr Effect: 0.14 LCF/yr
These accumulated doses are well within all of the applicable
standards for radiation exposure to the public.
6.4.2.4 Transportation
There would be about 28,212 shipments involving radioactive
material or waste each year for all four facilities. Many of those
would be transporting LLW and MW out of the state to treatment and
disposal facilities. All radioactive materials transportation
activities are conducted in compliance with applicable DOT, NRC,
and DOE requirements.
Statistically, 5.6 fatalities due to traffic accidents would
occur nationwide each year associated with shipments to and from
the four facilities. The actual number of traffic fatalities
associated
-
Chapter 6 Final Complex Transformation SPEIS Cumulative Impacts
October 2008
�
6 - 25
with these shipments would likely be significantly less than 5.6
per year. This number of fatalities is based on statistical
analysis of all traffic accidents nationwide regardless of the
cargo or carrier. DOE has a very good record for radiological
shipments. For instance, since 1975, NNSA’s Office of Secure
Transportation has accumulated over 100 million miles transporting
DOE cargo with no accidents causing a fatality or release of
radioactive material.
The cumulative occupational dose from transportation of
radioactive materials would be 236 person-rem/yr. This would result
in a cumulative LCF rate of 0.14 per year. The cumulative dose to
the population along transportation routes nationwide would be 632
person-rem per year. This would result in a cumulative LCF rate of
0.38 per year. It is important to note that the population dose
assessment for transportation assumes that the same population will
be in the same relative location to the route throughout the period
of time covered.
6.4.2.5 Waste Management
Currently, radioactive waste is generated at the four facilities
in the following estimated amounts:
LLW 10,097 m3Mixed Waste 126.3 m3TRU 146 m3 generated at LANL;
5,984 m3 of TRU and Mixed TRU disposed of
at WIPP Mixed TRU 84 m3 generated at LANL; Mixed TRU disposed at
WIPP included with
TRU
The largest portion of the LLW and mixed waste are generated at
LANL. LANL disposes of most of its LLW onsite at TA-54, Area G. The
other three facilities considered in this cumulative assessment
dispose LLW at appropriately permitted off-site disposal
facilities, located outside of the state of New Mexico. Mixed waste
generated at these facilities is transported to permitted treatment
and/or disposal facilities at off-site locations outside of the
state of New Mexico.
TRU waste and mixed TRU waste generated at LANL is shipped to
WIPP for disposal. The total amount of TRU waste and mixed TRU
waste disposed of at WIPP each year includes waste shipments from
LANL.
Complex Transformation would generate the following amounts of
radioactive waste:
LLW 8,944 m3Mixed Waste 73 m3TRU 650 m3Mixed TRU 237 m3
These wastes would be handled in the same manner as currently
generated waste.
DOE 2008a.pdfV2 coverpagep1EIS-0236-S-4_F-Vol2_Chap6
