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Trends in FAFSAs how well are we promoting access and awareness of financial aid state of financial need among Iowa residents issues affecting the awarding of state need-based financial aid
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Financial Aid Need & Postsecondary Access in Iowa:
New Insights into Enduring Issues
Anthony Girardi, Ph.D.Iowa College Student Aid Commission
April 12, 2012
During this presentation, I will discuss 1. Trends in FAFSAs2. Trends in Eligibility for State Need- Based Aid 3. State Need-Based Aid and Credential Attainment
Trends in FAFSAs• how well are we promoting access
and awareness of financial aid• state of financial need among Iowa
residents • issues affecting the awarding of state
need-based financial aid
Financial Aid Applications (FAFSAs) by Iowa Residents
130,000 for 2004-05201,000 for 2010-11Increase of 54%
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Financial Aid Applications (FAFSAs) by Iowa High School Seniors*
58% of Seniors filed FAFSAs in 2004-0569% of Seniors filed FAFSAs in 2010-11
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
All Iowa High School Seniors
FAFSAs from HS Seniors
FAFSAs from HS Seniors*
22,400 for 2004-0526,623 for 2010-1124% increase
0
25,000
50,000
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
13% of all FAFSAs
17% of all FAFSAs
Applicants’ Age
-
25,000
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
less than 25 years old
25 years and older
27%
39%
61%
73%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
<=18 19-20 21-22 23-24 25-30 30-40 >40
%
2004-20052010-2011
Age Distribution2004-05 compared to 2010-11
Number of FAFSAs by Gender
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Women
Men
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Total FAFSAs with EFC=0
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
FAFSAs with EFC=0 as % of Total FAFSAs
EFC Frequency 2009-10 Academic Year
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 17,500 20,000 > 20K
EFC
Adjusted Gross Income (Applicants for 2009-10)
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
Adjusted Gross Income
Iowa Household Income and Adjusted Gross Income of Aid Applicants
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30% Iowa Households (US Census)
Aid Applicants (FAFSAs)
Average AGI by Gender
$38,000
$40,000
$42,000
$44,000
$46,000
$48,000
$50,000
$52,000
$54,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Average AGI - WomenAverage AGI - Men
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Women
Men
Number of Applicants with EFC=0 by Gender
Percentage of Total FAFSA Filers with EFC=0 by Gender
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Women with EFC=0
Men with EFC=0
Average EFC by Sector of 1st Choice School2010-11
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
Private For-Profit Private Non-Profit 4-Year
Public 2-Year Public 4-Year
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Public 4-Year
Private Non Profit 4-Year
Private For-Profit
Public 2-Year
Average EFC by Year and Sector of 1st Choice School
Pell-Eligible Applicants
54% of Applicants were Pell-eligible in 2010-11Maximum EFC for Pell-eligibility has increased over time.
-
25,000
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
225,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
$3,850 $3,850 $3,850 $4,110 $4,041 $4,617 $5,273
Total FAFSAs
Pell-Eligible
49%
42%43%40%
38%
42%
54%
Number of Applicants Eligible for Iowa Aid Programs
-
25,000
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
All Applicants
ITG Non-Profit Eligible
ITG For-Profit Eligible
Voc-Tech Eligible
Iow a Grant Eligible
Percentage of Applicants Eligible for Iowa Aid Programs
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
ITG Non-Profit Eligible
ITG For-Profit Eligible
Voc-Tech Eligible
Iow a Grant Eligible
Percentage of Applicants Eligible for Iowa Aid Programs:Applicants whose 1st Choice School is in Applicable Sector
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Private Non-Prof it/ITG
Private For-Profit/ITG
Community College/Voc-Tech
Any Iow a School/Iow a Grant
Percent of Eligible Applicants who Received Iowa Aid – Applicants whose 1st Choice School is any Iowa School
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
ITG Non-Profit
ITG For-Profit
Voc-Tech
Iow a Grant
Average EFC for All Applicants and for Recipients of Iowa Aid
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
All Applicants
ITG Non-Profit Recipient
ITG For-Profit Recipient
Voc-Tech Recipient
Iow a Grant Recipient
State Need-Based Aid and Credential Attainment
• Matched FAFSA and Aid Records to Enrollment and Graduation Data
• Analysis of relationship between state need-based grant aid in first year of college and credential attainment
• These are NOT graduation rates.
Issues in Analyzing Effect of Need-Based Aid on Persistence
• Difficulty in distinguishing between effects of aid and effects of personal, family, and institutional characteristics
• Other outcomes are not analyzed. • Limitations of data
Iowa State Need-Based Aid Programs Summary
1. Iowa Grant • All Sectors • Max: $1,000
2. Iowa Tuition Grant: • Eligible Private Non-Profit 4-Year Institutions • Eligible Private For-Profit 4-Year Institutions • Max: $4,000
3. Iowa Vocational Technical Tuition Grant • Iowa Community Colleges• Max: $1,200
4. Other Iowa need-based aid programs were not considered in this analysis
5. Merit-Based scholarship programs were not considered.
• Analysis includes students who have need but did not receive aid. – filed after FAFSA filing deadline– do not meet program residency requirements– do not meet program citizenship requirements– FSA eligibility– do not meet other state aid program criteria– administrative– Unsatisfactory Academic Progress is NOT a factor in
non-receipt of aid• Part-Time Students with need receive financial
aid
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0
1 thru
500
501 th
ru 10
00
1001 t
hru 15
00
1501 t
hru 20
00
2001 t
hru 25
00
2501 t
hru 30
00
3001 t
hru 35
00
3501 t
hru 40
00
4001 t
hru 45
00
4501 t
hru 50
00
5001 t
hru 55
00
5501 t
hru 60
00
6001 t
hru 65
00
6501 t
hru 70
00
7001 t
hru 75
00
7501 t
hru 80
00
8001 t
hru 85
00
8501 t
hru 90
00
9001 t
hru 95
00
9501 t
hru 10
000
10001
thru
1050
0
10501
thru
1100
0
11001
thru
1150
0
11501
thru
1200
0
12001
thru
1250
0
12501
thru
1300
0
13001
thru
1350
0
13501
thru
1400
0
1400
1 thr
u 1450
0
14501
thru
1500
0
15000
thru
Highes
t
Credential Attainment within 6 Years by EFCMatched Students Only2005-06 Cohort Only
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Aid Recipients
Non-Recipients
Credential Attainment Within 6 Years Iowa Need-Based Aid Recipients and Non-Recipients
Total Number of Need-Based Aid Recipients and Non-Recipients Includes NSC Matches Only
Iowa Private Non-Profit 4-Year Colleges and Universities
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Aid Recipients
Non-Recipients
Degree or Other Award Attainment Within 6 Years Iowa Need-Based Aid Recipients and Non-Recipients
Iowa Private Non-Profit Four Year Institutions Only
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Aid Recipients
Non-Recipients
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0
1 thru
500
501 t
hru 1
000
1001
thru
1500
1501
thru
2000
2001
thru
2500
2501
thru
3000
3001
thru
3500
3501
thru
4000
4001
thru
4500
4501
thru
5000
5001
thru
5500
5501
thru
6000
6001
thru
6500
6501
thru
7000
7001
thru
7500
7501
thru
8000
8001
thru
8500
8501
thru
9000
Did Not Receive State Need-Based AidReceived State Need-Based Aid
Credential Attainment within 6 years by EFC and Receipt of State Need-Based Aid in First YearCohorts 2002-2006 Combined
Credential Attainment within 6 Years by EFC and GenderMatched Students Only2005-06 Cohort Only
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0
1 thru
500
501 t
hru 1
000
1001
thru
1500
1501
thru
2000
2001
thru
2500
2501
thru
3000
3001
thru
3500
3501
thru
4000
4001
thru
4500
4501
thru
5000
5001
thru
5500
5501
thru
6000
6001
thru
6500
6501
thru
7000
7001
thru
7500
7501
thru
8000
8001
thru
8500
8501
thru
9000
9001
thru
9500
9501
thru
1000
0
1000
1 thru
10500
1050
1 thru
11000
1100
1 thru
11500
1150
1 thru
12000
1200
1 thru
12500
1250
1 thru
13000
1300
1 thru
13500
1350
1 thru
14000
1400
1 thru
14500
1450
1 thru
15000
1500
0 thru
High
est
MenWomen
Credential Attainment Rateby Receipt of State Need-Based Aid in First Year and First Generation Status2002-2006 Cohorts Combined
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Not First Generation First Generation
Did Not Receive State Need-Based Aid
Received State Need-Based Aid
• Summary and Implications– A relationship exists (statistical significance)
between state need-based aid and credential attainment rates.
– This analysis is open to many sources of bias– State need-based aid has an effect on persistence– State (and Federal) need-based policies matter