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What was the Roman Army comprised of?
Only Men
At first only property owners and farmers could join the army,
but after the first century BC
onwards anybody could join
You had to be physically fit and 54 tall
You were e!pected to stay in the army around "# years
Roman Soldier
Describing picture
Army Training
$urin% the summer months, &oman 'oldiers had to march () *m
in less than 5 hours while
carryin% #) pounds of e+uipment
ad plenty of physical e!ercises such as lon% distance runnin%,
hi%h jump, lon% jump, climbin%
o-er walls, obstacle courses, swimmin% in armor
.here was also weapon trainin%, such as handlin% a sword,
deli-erin% blows to the enemies,
throwin% ja-elins
Roman Armor and Weapons
/aldius0 'hort sword for throwin%
1u%io0 &oman $a%%er
1iluim0 .he roman throwin% spear
aste 0 &oman 2i%htin% 'pear
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Roman Armor and Weapons
3 &oman body armor
3 Metal elmet
3 &oman shield 'cutum
Army Organization
3 .he &oman Army was one of the most or%ani6ed armys in the
world7
3 .he lar%est %roup in the &oman army was the 8e%ion, 9hich
contained around #))) men at first, but
was reduced to ")))3"5)) around the third century for increased
mobility7
The Legion
.he 'tructure of the 8e%ion
.he le%ion was commanded by a 8e%ate, and was di-ided into ten
cohorts,
:ach cohort contained #)) people
.he cohort were made up of si! centuries, each with "))
soldiers
.he centuries were commanded by a centurion
Roman Army Ranings
i%hest &an* was the Commander;/enerals
.hen the 8e%ates; 8ieutenants
.hen the Military .ribunes
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.hen the Centurions
.hen
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?ulius Caesar joined the &oman Army in @" BC and was the
first &oman army commander to
in-ade :n%land which he did in 55 BC and a%ain in 54 BC7
RO&A' &(L(TAR) &(#*T
ideo
"attle of %annae
$urin% the 'econd 1unic 9ar, the Cartha%inian leader annibals
%reatest -ictory occurred at Cannae
on the ban*s of the Aufidus &i-er, on Au%ust >, >"#
B7C7 e faced ei%ht &oman le%ions under /aius
.erentius arro and 8ucius Aemilius 1aullus, with arro blamed for
the defeat7 At Cannae, with a
substantially smaller force, annibal encircled the &oman
troops and used his ca-alry to crush the
&oman infantry7 e hamstrun% those who fled so he could later
return to finish the job7 'ome
estimates claim that of D),))) &oman troops at Cannae, less
than >))) sur-i-ed7
"attle of +ama
A &oman army led by 1ublius Cornelius 'cipio Africanus
'cipio defeated a Cartha%inian force led by
the commander annibal7 $espite annibal possessin% the ad-anta%e
, 'cipio concei-ed a strate%y to
confuse and defeat his war elephants7 'cipios troops then routed
the Cartha%inian infantry, than*s in part
to superior &oman ca-alry7
'oon after this defeat on their home %round, the Cartha%inian
senate sued for peace, which was %i-en to
them by the &oman &epublic on rather humiliatin% terms,
endin% the "D3year war7
"attle of Actium
.he Battle of Actium was the decisi-e confrontation of the 2inal
9ar of the &oman &epublic, a na-al
en%a%ement between Octa-ian and the combined forces of Mar*
Antony and Cleopatra on > 'eptember
(" BC, on the
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Octa-ians fleet was commanded by Marcus ipsanius A%rippa, while
Antonys fleet was supported by the
ships of Eueen Cleopatra of 1tolemaic :%ypt7
Octa-ians -ictory enabled him to consolidate his power o-er
&ome and its dominions7 e adopted the
title of 1rinceps Ffirst citi6enF and some years later was
awarded the title of Au%ustus Fre-eredF by the
&oman 'enate7
*istory Sources
"7 McGab, Chris7 .he &oman ArmyH .he /reatest 9ar Machine of
the Ancient 9orld7 O!fordH
Osprey 1ub7, >)")7 1rint,>7 /oldsworthy, Adrian Ieith7 .he
&oman Army at 9arH ")) BC3A$ >))7 O!fordH Clarendon,
"JJ#7 1rint7
(7 /ini3Gewman, /arfield, and :li6abeth /raham7 :choes from the
1astH 9orld istory to the "#th
Century7 .orontoH Mc/raw3ill &yerson, >))"7 1rint7
47 McCullou%h, Colleen7 .he 2irst Man in &ome7 Gew Yor*H
Morrow, "JJ)7 1rint7
57 8i-y, and 9illiam Masfen &oberts7 .he istory of &ome7
8ondonH ?7M7 $ent, "J">7 1rint7#7 /rant, Michael7 istory of
&ome7 Gew Yor*H 'cribners, "JD@7 1rint7
