FINAL SCHEDULE 22 April 2017 - Sachs LabFINAL SCHEDULE 22 April 2017 Final Schedule -- 7th Annual Yosemite Symbiosis Workshop – May 6-7th, 2017 SCHEDULE OF INVITED TALKS SATURDAY,

FinalSchedule--7thAnnualYosemiteSymbiosisWorkshop–May6-7th,2017

FINALSCHEDULE22April2017


SCHEDULEOFINVITEDTALKS

SATURDAY,MAY6MeetingWelcomeandLunch 12:00PM–MeetatCommunityCenterin‘Downtown’Wawona(Seemap)SESSION1. Experimentalapproachesunravelinghost-symbiontinteractions

• 1:00QuinnMcFrederick Microbiomeselectionprotectsbeesfrompesticides• 1:15ChristineDodge Sansspecificity:loosemutualismsbetweentwoambrosiabeetles(Euwallaceaspp.)andtheir

fungalsymbionts• 1:30SharonL.Doty DroughtToleranceinPoplar,Rice,Maize,andConiferswithEndophytesofWildSalicaceae• 1:45TobinHammer Independencefrommicrobialsymbiontsinleaf-feedingcaterpillars• 2:00JoshuaHarrison Aheritablesymbiontandhost-associatedfactorsshapefungalendophytecommunitiesacross

spatialscales• 2:15MattJones Developmentofanin-vitroculturesystemforstudyingtheinteractionsbetweenahost,resident

bacteriaandaninvadingfungus

CoffeeBreakfor30min

SESSION2.Genetic&genomicmechanismsofsymbiontadaptationtohostsandtheenvironment

• 3:00BenjaminCole Genome-wideIdentificationofBacterialPlantColonizationGenes• 3:15BrendanCornwell BothabioticandbioticconditionsshapethepopulationgenomicstructureofaCnidarian-

Dinoflagellatesymbiosis• 3:30JunGu ThefunctionoftypeIIIsecretionsystemofBradyrhizobiumsp.HY4isolatedfrompeanutnodule

CoffeeBreakfor30min

SESSION3.Mechanisticbasesofhostregulationofassociatedsymbionts• 4:15HonglinFeng microRNAregulationinanancientobligateendosymbiosis• 4:30KenjiroQuides LotusjaponicusalterstheinplantafitnessofMesorhizobiumlotidependentonsymbiotic

nitrogenfixation• 4:45JoelSachs Cellautonomoussanctionsinlegumestargetineffectiverhizobiaduringmixedinfections

SESSION4.PosterPresentations 5:00-6:00PosterPresentersseebelow(beer,wine,andsnacksprovided)KEYNOTELECTURE 6:00-7:00CorrieMoreau,FieldMuseum,

Ants,Plants,andBacteria:SymbiosisasaDriverofEvolutionaryDiversification

DINNER–7:00-8:30

SUNDAY,MAY7BREAKFAST–9:00-10:00AMSESSION5 Theecology&evolutionofhostassociatedmicrobialcommunities

• 10:00ElizabethABowman EctomycorrhizalandfoliarendophyticfungalcommunitiesofPinusponderosaalongaspatiallyconstrainedelevationgradient

• 10:15AlisonGould Sheddinglightonsymbioses:lessonsfromabioluminescentvertebrate-microbeassociation• 10:30WillLudington Stochasticcolonizationunderliesgutmicrobiomestability• 10:45DanNaylor TheEffectofDroughtandHostGenotypeontheGrassRootMicrobiome• 11:00KaleighRussell Effectsofclimatechangeonnectarmicrobesandpollinatorpreference • 11:15SabahUl-Hasan SearchingforMicrobesintheUnchartedVenomousTerritoriesofMarineConeSnails • 11:30ChrisWall PatternsofSymbiodiniumdiversityinthecoralMontiporacapitatafromshallowreefsofthe

remoteNorthwesternHawaiianIsland• 11:45Su'adYoon Examiningtheroleofmaternalmicrobesintheinsectimmuneresponse:anexampleofwild

immunology

LUNCH–12:00-1:00PM Completionofmeeting.


1ElizabethABowman,A.ElizabethArnold-UniversityofArizonaEctomycorrhizalandfoliarendophyticfungalcommunitiesofPinusponderosaalongaspatiallyconstrainedelevationgradientUnderstandingfactorsthatinfluencethedistributionsofplant-symbioticfungiisimportantforprojectingcommunity-levelresponsestoenvironmentalchange.MembersofthegenusPinussimultaneouslyhostdiversefungalcommunitiesthatincludefoliarendophytes(FE)inleavesandectomycorrhizal(EM)fungiinassociationwithroots.Relationshipsofthesecommunitiestooneanotherandtotheenvironmentalcontextoftheirsharedhostshavenotbeenexaminedpreviouslyforforesttrees.WecharacterizedFEandEMassociatedwithPinusponderosaalongaspatiallyconstrainedelevationgradientcorrespondingtodifferencesinsoilchemistry,plantcommunities,andclimate(achangein4°Cinmeanannualtemperatureand15cminmeanannualprecipitation).Communitymeasureswereexaminedinthecontextofsoilchemistryandplantcommunitystructure,rulingoutspatialautocorrelationandotherpotentialartifactsofsampling.AbundanceofFEisolatedinculturedecreasedwithelevation,whereasabundanceofEMincreased.CommunitycompositionofculturedFEdidnotdifferwithelevation,butEMfungalcommunitiesdifferedasafunctionofthreemajorfactorsrelevanttoelevation(climate,plantcommunitycomposition,andtoalesserdegree,soilchemistry).ParticularEMfungiweredistinctlyassociatedwithlow-andhigh-elevationsites,suggestingthateffectsofclimatechangemaybeobservedmoreclearlyamongEMfungithanFEfungiinthesetrees.Togetherthesedataprovideasimultaneousperspectiveonfungalcommunitiesassociatingwithleavesandrootsofadominantforesttree.Futureworkincludesmanipulativeexperimentstotesttherelativeimportanceofclimate-relatedfactorsinshapingcommunitiesofsymbionts." 2BenjaminColeDOE-JointGenomeInstituteGenome-wideIdentificationofBacterialPlantColonizationGenesDiversesoil-residentbacteriacancontributetoplantgrowthandhealth,butthemolecularmechanismsenablingthemtoeffectivelycolonizetheirplanthostsremainpoorlyunderstood.Weusedrandomlybarcodedtransposonmutagenesissequencing(RB-TnSeq)inPseudomonassimiae,amodelroot-colonizingbacterium,toestablishagenome-widemapofbacterialgenesrequiredforcolonizationoftheArabidopsisthalianarootsystem.Weidentified115genes(2%ofallP.simiaegenes)whosefunctionisrequiredformaximalcompetitivecolonizationoftherootsystem.Amongthegenesweidentifiedweresomewithobviouscolonization-relatedrolesinmotilityandcarbonmetabolism,aswellasforty-fourothergenesthathadnoorvaguefunctionalpredictions.Independentvalidationassaysofindividualgenesconfirmedcolonizationfunctionsfor20of22(91%)casestested.Tofurthercharacterizegenesidentifiedbyourscreen,wecomparedthefunctionalcontributionsofP.simiaegenestogrowthin90distinctinvitroconditionsbyRB-TnSeq,highlightingspecificmetabolicfunctionsassociatedwithrootcolonizationgenes.Ouranalysisofbacterialgenesbysequence-drivensaturationmutagenesisrevealedagenome-widemapofthegeneticdeterminantsofplantrootcolonizationandoffersastartingpointfortargetedimprovementofthecolonizationcapabilitiesofplant-beneficialmicrobes.3BrendanCornwell BothabioticandbioticconditionsshapethepopulationgenomicstructureofaCnidarian-DinoflagellatesymbiosisCnidarian-dinoflagellatesymbiosesarethefoundationforsomeofthemostproductiveanddiverseecosystemsontheplanet.Theserelationshipscanpersistacrosshighlyvariableabioticconditions,andoptimalhost-symbiontcombinationscanchangeoverthescaleofcentimeterstokilometers.Criticalgapsinourknowledgeremainconcerningthestrategies(e.g.localadaptationorphenotypicplasticity)thatcnidariansanddinoflagellatesemploytomatchlocalconditions,andhowthesestrategiesimpacttheformationandperformanceoftheirpartnerships.Here,Idissecttheroleabioticandbioticconditionsplayinstructuringcnidarian-dinoflagellatesymbiosesusingthreespeciesofanemonesinthegenusAnthopleuraandtheir


endosymbiontsSymbiodiniumsp.(allcladeB)thatinhabittheintertidalzoneofthePacificcoastofNorthAmerica.Inparticular,Iusepopulationgenomictoolstocharacterizelevelsofgeneflowandsignaturesofselectioninhostandsymbiontpopulationsacrossthreeupwelling(andintersperseddownwelling)zonesalongthecoastofCaliforniaandBajaCalifornia,Mexico.TheseanalysesrevealthatallthreespeciesofAnthopleuraarelargelypanmicticacrossthisregion,whilethesymbiontsexhibithighlevelsofgeneticdifferentiationbetweenthegeographicsitesIsampled.Furthermore,withineachgeographiclocation,symbiontpopulationsaregeneticallydifferentiatedbyhostspecies.Thesecontrastingpatternssuggestthatthesymbiontsmightbeabletomoreeasilyadapttolocalconditions,includingtheinternal(andintracellular)environmentofasinglehostspecies. 4ChristineDodge,JosephCarrillo,AkifEskalen,RichardStouthamerUCRiversideSansspecificity:loosemutualismsbetweentwoambrosiabeetles(Euwallaceaspp.)andtheirfungalsymbiontsAmbrosiabeetlesinthetribeXyleborini(Coleoptera:Scolytinae)areproficientcolonizersofnaïveareas,dueinparttotheirobligatemutualismswithspecificfungi.ThistribeincludesmembersoftheinvasiveEuwallaceafornicatusspeciescomplex,arecentlydiscoveredgrouprevealingseveralgeneraoffungalsymbionts.Twomembersofthisgroup,thepolyphagousshotholeborerandKuroshioshotholeborer(Euwallaceaspp.),areinvasivetoSouthernCalifornia,wheretheyvectordistinctphytopathogenicFusariumsymbiontsthataredamagingnatural,urban,andagriculturalenvironments.ThebeetleseachharboraGraphiumsymbiontaswell,andthepolyphagousshotholeborerisadditionallyassociatedwithaParacremoniumspecies.Symbioseswithspecificambrosiafungimayinformambrosiabeetlehostpreference,geographicrange,orecologicalroleinaparticularenvironment.Weperformedreciprocalinvitrorearingexperimentstodeterminetheextenttowhicheachshotholeborercouldutilizetheircongener’sFusariumandGraphiumsymbionts.Sterileadultfemaleswereintroducedtodifferentfungaltreatments,uponwhichtheywereallowedtofeedandreproduce.Fromtheoffspringweisolatedmycangialcontentsofadultfemalesandgutcontentsofadultmalesandlarvae,usingaqPCRassaytoidentifyfungalspecies.Wealsoquantifiedrelativegutandmycangialloadsofeachfungusfromdilutionplating.Ourresultspairedwithrecentphylogeographicdataindicatethatfungalsymbiontsinthiscomplexarecapableofhostswitching,theimplicationsofwhicharediscussed.Wealsomakeinferencesabouttherolesofeachfungalsymbiontinthedevelopmentofitsbeetlehost. 5SharonL.Doty,TonyRho,ZareenKhan,MatthewAghai,AndreaFirrincieli,CarolynHartman,EvoraGlenn,PierreJoubert,GregEttl,andSoo-HyungKim UniversityofWashington DroughtToleranceinPoplar,Rice,Maize,andConiferswithEndophytesofWildSalicaceae Withtherelativelylonglifecyclesoftrees,symbiosiswithmicroorganismsmayallowplantstomorerapidlyovercomeenvironmentalchallenges.Endophytes,thebacteriaandfungithatliveinintimateassociationwithinplants,providenumerousbenefitstothehostplantincludingN-fixation,phytohormoneproduction,reducedstressresponses,anti-microbialproduction,andpollutantdegradation.AconsortiumofendophytestrainsfromwildSalicaceaeplants(poplarandwillow)wereshowntoenhancethedroughttoleranceofhybridpoplar.Thesameconsortiumwasthentestedontheevolutionarilydistantmonocots,riceandmaize,andthegymnosperms,Douglas-firandwesternredcedar.Wateruseefficiencywassignificantlyimprovedinthegrassesandmortalitywasreducedintheconiferssubjectedtodroughtstress.Genomicsanalysis,microbialassays,andplantphysiologicaltestsimplicatedmultiplepotentialmechanismsfortheendophyte-conferreddroughttoleranceonthehostplant.Withtheincreasingfrequencyofregionaldroughts,itisimperativethatadeeperunderstandingofthesymbiotictraitsrequiredforthesebroadhostrangebenefitsisachieved. 6HonglinFeng,StefanWuchty,LingyuWang,AlexC.C.Wilson


UniversityofMiami microRNAregulationinanancientobligateendosymbiosisManyinsectsareassociatedwithobligatebacterialendosymbionts.Yet,themechanismsbywhichthesehost/endosymbiontinteractionsareregulatedremainmysterious.Recently,microRNAs(miRNAs)haveemergedaskeyregulatorsmediatinghost-microbeinteractions,includinghost-facultativesymbiontinteractions.However,theroleofmiRNAsinhost-obligateendosymbiontinteractionsisyettobestudied.Here,usingtheaphidanditsobligateendosymbiontBuchneraaphidicolaasamodelofhost-obligateendosymbiosis,weidentifieddenovomiRNAsthatpotentiallyregulatesymbioticinteractions.Inthegreenpeachaphid,Myzuspersicae’sbacteriocytecells,thespecializedaphidcellsthathouseBuchnera,weidentified14miRNAsthatareenrichedand/ordifferentiallyexpressedbetweenbacteriocytesandanon-Buchnerahousingtissue(gut).Notablyexpressionofthese14miRNAsisconservedinthepeaaphid,Acyrthosiphonpisum;anaphidthatdivergedfromM.persicae30millionyearsago.Usingacomputationalpipelinewepredicted47targetsofthe14conservedmiRNAsandfoundthatall47targetsaredifferentiallyexpressedbetweenBuchnera-housing(bacteriocytes)andnon-housing(gut)tissues.Strikingly,manyofthe47targetshavepreviouslybeenreportedtobeinvolvedinbiologyimportanttothesymbiosis;targetswhosefunctionsincludemetabolicandbiosyntheticprocesses,membranestructureandtransport.OurresultssuggestthatmiRNAsarepotentiallycrucialregulatorsofaphid/Buchnerainteractionsandthatsuchpatternsmaybegeneralizableacrossotherhost-obligateendosymbioses.7AlisonGould,PaulDunlapUCBerkeleySheddinglightonsymbioses:lessonsfromabioluminescentvertebrate-microbeassociationVirtuallyallorganismsaredependentonsymbioseswithmicroorganismsfortheirsuccess,yettheprocessesbywhichtheseessentialinteractionsareestablishedandmaintainedovertimeremainlargelyunknown.Iexaminedapairwisesymbiosisinvolvingacoralreefcardinalfishandaluminousbacteriumasamodelassociationtodefinetheecologicalmechanismsthathelptomaintainsymbiontspecificityoverhostgenerations.Todoso,Iintegratedfieldstudiestodefinekeyattributesofthehost’sbehavioralecologyandlifehistoryinOkinawa,Japanwithrecentlydevelopedgenomicmethods(restrictionsite-associatedsequencing,“RAD-Seq”)totestthehypothesisthatthefish’secologygeneticallystructurespopulationsofitsfacultativesymbiontovertimeandspace,consequentlypromotingthespecificityoftheassociation.Resultsindicatethatresidentpopulationsofadultfishatareefenrichthesurroundingwaterdailywithexcessluminoussymbiontsandthatlarvalfishdispersesignificantdistancesasacohorttonon-natalreefs,acquiringasymbiontfromthelocallyenrichedwaterneartheirsettlementsite.Ultimatelythisstudyhighlightstheroleofahostanimalinstructuringnaturalpopulationsofitsbacterialsymbiont,therebypromotingthespecificityofitssymbiosisoverhostgenerations.8JunGu,MeijuanHu,TingLi,JingyuChen,YongxiuLai,HuaqinRuan,EntaoWangSouthChinaNormalUniversity,GuangzhouThefunctionoftypeIIIsecretionsystemofBradyrhizobiumsp.HY4isolatedfrompeanutnoduleTypeIIIsecretionsystemhaddifferenteffectsontherhizobia-legumeinteraction,especiallyfortheclassicmodeofroothairinfection.BradyrhizobianodulatedwiththehostintheAeschynomeneaetribeortheDalbergieaetribeoftheLeguminosaesuchasthegeneraofAeschynomene,Arachis,StylosanthesandZorniacanuseanintercellularinfectionmodethatisconsideredmoreancestralwaythantheroothairinfection.ThefunctionoftypeIIIsecretionsystemwasunclearintheintercellularinfectionmode.HereweisolatedonestrainBradyrhizobiumsp.HY4fromthepeanutnodule,whichcloselyrelatedtoB.japonicum/B.diazoefficienssymbioticcladebasedonnodAgenephylogenicanalysisbutwasrelativewithB.arachidisintheITSphylogenictree.ThestrainBradyrhizobiumsp.HY4cannodulatedwithsoybeanZhonghuang57,peanutShanyou523andYueyou45,andpurplebush-bean.WhenweconstructedthettsIandrhcJmutantsofitstypeIIIsecretion


system,respectively,andthenodulationabilityweretested.WefoundthattwodifferentmutantsofthetypeIIIsecretionsystembothlostthenodulationabilityonthesoybeanZhonghuang57,butcouldnodulatewithpeanutShanyou523andYueyou45,andpurplebush-bean.OurresultsindicatedthatthetypeIIIsecretionsystemofBradyrhizobiumsp.HY4hadanegativeroleforitsinteractionwithsoybeanZhonghuang57.ThefunctionofthetypeIIIsecretionsystemintheintercellularinfectionmodewasneededtoberevealedinthefuture.9TobinHammer,DanielJanzen,WinnifredHallwachs,SamuelJaffe,NoahFiererUniversityofColoradoIndependencefrommicrobialsymbiontsinleaf-feedingcaterpillars Acurrentparadigmholdsthatanimalsareinvariablyassociatedwithmicrobialsymbiontsthatinfluencetheirhosts’development,ecologicalinteractions,andevolutionarydiversification.However,firmevidencefortheexistenceandfunctionalimportanceofsuchmicrobiomesinlarvalLepidoptera(caterpillars)islacking,despitethefactthattheseinsectsareenormouslydiverseandmajorherbivoresinterrestrialecosystemsandagriculture.Using16SrDNAsequencingandquantitativePCR,wecharacterizedthegutmicrobiomesofwildcaterpillarsintheUnitedStatesandCostaRica,representing112speciesfrom16families.Ascomparedwitharangeofnon-lepidopteraninsectsandvertebratesassayedwiththesamemethods,caterpillargutmicrobiomesareunusuallylowinabundanceandhighlyvariableamongconspecificindividuals.Furthermore,theabundanceandcompositionofmicrobessampledfromleaveswerelargelyreflectedinthefecesofcaterpillarsconsumingthesameplant.Thesepatternsparallelfindingsfromdecades-oldmicroscopy-basedstudies:diet-derivedmicrobesmaybepresent(thoughlikelyinactive)inthegut,butresidentandgrowingmicrobialpopulationsarelargelyabsent.Totestwhetheralownumberoftransientmicrobesmightstillcontributetocaterpillarfeedinganddevelopment,weconductedanexperimentonfield-collectedtobaccohornworms(Manducasexta).SuppressingtheM.sextagutmicrobiomeusingantibioticshadnodetectableeffectonperformance,developmenttime,orsurvival.ThehighpH,simplegutstructure,andfasttransitthattypifycaterpillardigestivephysiologymaypreventtheestablishmentofafunctionalgutmicrobiome.Moreover,caterpillarshavelongbeenknowntopossessendogenousdigestiveanddetoxificationmechanisms,andthesemayrendermicrobialsymbiontsunnecessaryforherbivory.AttheSymbiosisWorkshop,Ihopetostimulatediscussionovertheecologicalandmacroevolutionarytradeoffsinherentinhostingsymbionts,whethercaterpillarsrepresentoneofpotentiallymanygroupsof""free-living""animals,andwhatapproachescanbeusedtotestforanimalindependencefrommicrobialmutualism.10JoshuaHarrison,T.L.Parchman,D.Cook,R.R.Gardner,M.L.ForisterUniversityofNevada,RenoAheritablesymbiontandhost-associatedfactorsshapefungalendophytecommunitiesacrossspatialscalesPlantshostnumerousfungithatliveasymptomaticallywithintheirtissues.Thesefungalendophyteshaveattractedagreatdealofinterestbecauseoftheirputativeecologicalimportance,howeverbiogeographicpatternsinendophytediversityremainunderstudied.Toinvestigatehowhostplantgeneticstructure,populationproximity,andhabitatvariationtogetherstructureendophytecommunities,weassayedendophytecommunitiesoccurringinspottedlocoweed(Astragaluslentiginosus)acrossthearidWest.Spottedlocoweedisatremendouslyphenotypicallyvariableplant,withapproximatelyfortynominalvarietiesthatoccurinawidevarietyofhabitattypes.Additionally,spottedlocoweedhostsaseed-borne,andthusheritable,fungalendophytethatsynthesizesabioactivealkaloidwhichcausesmillionsofdollarsindamagestolivestockannually.Wetookagenotyping-by-sequencingapproachtocharacterizethepopulationgeneticstructureofspottedlocoweedthatallowedustoinvestigatethelinkbetweenhostplantgeneticvariationandassociatedfungalendophytecommunities.Weobservedthatdifferencesbetweenendophytecommunities,andoverallendophytediversity,wereshapedbyhostgenetics,populationproximity,andvariationinabiotichabitat.However,thestrongestinfluenceonendophytecommunitystructurewastherelativeabundanceofthe


heritablefungalendophyteofspottedlocoweed.Interestingly,theprevalence,orevenoccurrence,ofthisfungalendophytevariedacrosstheWest,asdidtheconcentrationofthebioactivealkaloiditsynthesized.Theseresultsbringupimportantquestionsabouttheecologicalandevolutionaryconsequencesofgeographicallyvariableinteractionsbetweenplantsandtheirendophytes." 11MattJones,JonesClaudiaWierzbicki,LorraineLawrence,KieranBates,ThomasBell,VaniaBraga,MatthewC.Fisher,SilwoodParkCampus,Ascot,BerkshireDevelopmentofanin-vitroculturesystemforstudyingtheinteractionsbetweenahost,residentbacteriaandaninvadingfungusTissueculturesystemsthatallowtheco-cultivationofhosttissueswithbothresidentandinvadingmicrobes

arehighlydesirableforunderstandinghowsymbioticrelationsaffectpathogenesis.SincethediscoveryofJanthinobacteriumlividum’sassociationwithamphibianskinandroleinreducingtheinfectivityoftheamphibianchytridfungus,Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis(Bd),therehasbeenasurgeofinterestinfindingsimilarsymbioticassociationsbetweenskinbacteriaandthisemergingfungalpathogen.However,thisresearchhasbeenhinderedbythelackoftechniquesavailableforstudyingtheinteractionsbetweenBdandskinbacteriainsitu.Consequently,mostinteractionsareinferredfromthemicrobiomesofamphibianhosts(astheyrelatetoinfectionprevalence)orfromBdinhibitionassaysconductedoutsidethehostinhighnutrientlaboratorygrowthmedia.Wepresenttheongoingdevelopmentofanovelskinexplantculturesystemthatallowsthecultureofhosttissuealongsidetheirresidentmicrobiomes.Oursystemopensupnewpossibilitiesbothforfindingnewskinsymbiontsbeneficialinamphibianhosts’fightagainstchytridiomycosisandfordelvingfurtherintotheexactnatureoftheinteractionsbetweenhost,bacteriaandpathogen.12WillLudington,BenjaminObadia,VivianZhang,TuzunGuvener,JavierCeja-Navarro,EoinBrodie,BillJaUCBerkeleyStochasticcolonizationunderliesgutmicrobiomestabilityThespeciescompositionofthegutmicrobiomeimpactshosthealth,buttheprocessesdeterminingthiscompositionarelargelyunknown.Anunexplainedobservationisthatgutspeciescompositionvarieswidelybetweenindividualsbutislargelystablewithinanindividualovertime.Stochasticfactorsduringestablishmentmaydrivethesealternativestablestates,whichcaninfluencesusceptibilitytopathogenssuchasClostridiumdifficile.Herewesoughttoquantifyandmodelthedoseresponse,dynamics,andstabilityofbacterialcolonizationofthegutusinggerm-freeDrosophilamelanogaster(fruitfly).Ourprecise,high-throughputtechniquebasedonthecapillaryfeederassayrevealedstablebetween-flyvariationincolonizationevenwhenindividualgerm-freeflieswerefednaturalcommensalbacteria(n=17strainsrepresenting13species,includingLactobacillusplantarum,aprobioticoffliesandhumans).Someflieswerecolonizedwhileothersremainedgerm-freeevenwhenfedextremelyhighbacterialdoses.Thus,alternativestablestatesofcolonizationexisteveninthesimplegerm-freefly.Thesealternativestatesaredrivenbyafundamentalasymmetrybetweentheinoculumpopulationandthestablepopulationthatismediatedbyspatiallocalizationandabottleneck.Priorcolonizationwithotherbacteriareducedthechancesofsubsequentcolonization,thusincreasingthestabilityofhigherdiversityguts.Therefore,stablegutdiversitymaybedrivenbyinherentlystochasticprocesses,whichhasimportantimplicationsforcombattinginfectiousdiseases,suchasClostridiumdifficile,andforstablyestablishingprobiotics,suchasLactobacillusplantarum,inthegut.13QuinnMcFrederick,PeterGraystockUCRiversideMicrobiomeselectionprotectsbeesfrompesticidesDeterminingmicrobiomefunctionremainsamajorchallenge.Byadaptingmethodsfirstusedinplants,wehaveenhancedtheprotectivefunctionofthebumblebeemicrobiomeagainstpesticidestress.WechallengedbeeswiththepesticideimidaclopridattheLC50at11daysdose,thenpassagedthemicrobiomesofthesurviving


beestonewlyemerged,sterilebees.Asacontrol,weinoculatedsterilebeeswithmicrobiomesofbeesneverexposedtoimidacloprid.Aftertwopassagingrounds,survivorshipoftheselectedmicrobiometreatmentbeesincreasedsignificantlycomparedtocontrolbees.Thiseffectpersisteduntiltheendoftheexperiment,and16SrRNAgeneprofilingshowedthatmicrobiomesintreatmentversuscontrolbeessignificantlydiffered.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstexampleofdifferentialmicrobiomepropagationworkinginanimals.Thisisalsothefirstsuccessfulapplicationofamethodforincreasingbeesurvivalwhenthebeesarechallengedwithoneofthemost-usedpesticides.Wearethereforefurtherpursuingbothbasicandappliedaspectsofthisresearch14DanNaylor,StephanieDeGraaf,ElizabethPurdom,DevinColeman-DerrUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley," TheEffectofDroughtandHostGenotypeontheGrassRootMicrobiomePlanthealthisintimatelyintertwinedwiththecommunitiesofmicrobesthatliveonandwithintheirroots.However,theprocessesthatinfluencerootmicrobiomecompositionarepoorlyunderstood.Communitycompositionmightbeexpectedtovarybyanumberoffactors,includingproximitytotheroot,wateravailability,andplanthostgenotype.Wehypothesizedthatmicrobiomedissimilaritywouldpositivelycorrelatewithhostphylogeneticdistance,andfurthermorethatimposingdroughtwouldprovokeconserveddroughtstressresponsesinplantsthatwouldlessenthestrengthofthiscorrelation.Totestthishypothesis,weexaminedrootmicrobialcommunitieswithinbulksoil,rhizosphere,androotendospheresamples,for18distinctPoaceaegrasslineagesforbothdroughtandwell-wateredconditions.Hostphylogeneticdistancesbasedonchloroplastsequencescorrelatedwithmicrobiomedissimilarityinmostrootandrhizospheresamples,thoughtheeffectsizeofthiscorrelationwaslessindroughtsamplesthancontrol.Wealsofoundasignificantenrichmentofcertainbacterialineagesbywateringregime,mostnotablyauniversalenrichmentofclassActinobacteriaindroughtthatwasenhancedinrootscomparedtosoil.Ourresultssuggestevolutionaryhistorymightbeapredictorofrootmicrobiomecomposition,andthatdroughtprovokescommonresponsesintherootmicrobiomethatmightserveasabasisformicrobial-basedsoilamendmentstrategiesfordroughttoleranceincrops.15KenjiroQuides,GlennaM.Stomackin,Hsu-HanLee,JeffH.Chang,JoelL.SachsUniversityofCalifornia,RiversideLotusjaponicusalterstheinplantafitnessofMesorhizobiumlotidependentonsymbioticnitrogenfixationTomaintainthecostlyserviceofnitrogenfixationinrhizobialsymbiosis,legumesmustimposeselectionthatfavorssymbioticallyeffectiverhizobialgenotypes.Butitisunclearwhatstimulilegumesusetotriggercontroloverrhizobiaorwhichstagesofthesymbiosiscanbemanipulatedbythehost.WeusedLotusjaponicusandMesorhizobiumlotitotesthypothesesabouthowandwhenlegumehostsbiasplantinvestmenttowardseffectivesymbionts.L.japonicushostswereinoculatedwithnearlyisogenicM.lotistrainsthatonlydifferedinnitrogenfixationfunction,includingthewildtype(MAFF303099),amutantwithmediocrenitrogenfixation(STM30),andanonfixingmutant(STM6).Inbothsingleandmixedinoculationexperimentsthelesseffectiverhizobialstrainsexhibitedreducedfitnessinplantarelativetothewildtype.Coinoculatedhostsconsistentlyformedfewernoduleswiththeless-effectivemutants,andthelesseffectivestrainswerefoundatlowerpopulationsizeswithinhostnodules.Moreover,wefoundalinearrelationshipbetweensymbioticeffectivenessandrhizobialfitness.OurresultssuggestthatL.japonicascanadaptivelymodulatethefitnessofsymbiontsinsingleandcoinoculationsettings,andthatisdoessorelativetothesymbionteffectiveness.16KaleighRussell,QuinnMcFrederick UCRiversideEffectsofclimatechangeonnectarmicrobesandpollinatorpreference Thestudyofplant-pollinatornetworksisbeginningtoincorporatetheinteractionofmicrobialcommunitiesonandwithinflowersandtheirpollinator.Nectar,animportantresourcetomanypollinators,isinhabitedbymany


microbessuchasyeastsandbacteria,whichhavebeenshowntoinfluencepollinatorpreference.Thisdynamicandcomplexnetworkisevenmoreinfluencedbythechangingclimate.Warmingcausedbyclimatechangeisalreadyresponsiblefor1Cincreaseinglobalsurfacetemperatures,making2016thehottestyearonrecord.Tounderstandhowthiswarmingisinfluencingnectarmicrobialcommunitiesweperformedachoiceassaywiththecommoneasternbumblebee,Bombusimpatiens.FiftybeesweregiventhechoicebetweensyntheticnectarwithanenvironmentalmicrobialcommunityincubatedattheaveragehightemperatureinRiverside,Ca,andsyntheticnectarwiththesamemicrobialcommunity,butincubatedataclimatechangepredictedtemperature.Bumblebeessignificantlypreferrednectarthathadmicrobialcommunitiesincubatedatcurrentaveragetemperaturesoverclimatechangepredictedtemperatures.Temperaturedirectlyinfluencedthemicrobialcommunityinnectar,whichcausedchangestonectarchemistryandultimately,influencedbumblebeepreference.Furtherworkisbeingdonelookingattheimplicationsoftheinfluenceoftemperaturechangeonnectarmicrobialcommunitiesinthefield. 17JoelSachs,JohnRegus,KenjiroQuides,JeffChangUCRiversideCellautonomoussanctionsinlegumestargetineffectiverhizobiaduringmixedinfectionsTomaximizebenefitsfromsymbiosislegumesmustsanctionineffectiverhizobiathatnodulatehostswithoutfixingnitrogen.Thecapacityoflegumesdecreaserelativefitnessofineffectiverhizobia–knownassanctions–ispredictedtoworkatthewhole-nodulelevel.However,wholenodulesanctionswouldmakethehostvulnerabletomixednoduleinfections,whichareacommonfeatureofthissymbiosis.Here,wepresentandtestacell-autonomousmodeloflegumesanctionsthatcanresolvethisdilemma.Weinvestigatedhistologicalevidenceintwodivergedlegumespecies,AcmisponstrigosusandLotusjaponicus.WeusedclonalandmixedgenotyperhizobialtreatmentsofrhizobiathatnaturallyvaryinnitrogenfixationaswellasFix-mutantswithfluorescence-proteintags.Bothhostsexhibitedevidenceofcellautonomoussanctions.Onlyplantcellsharboringineffectiverhizobiaexhibitedfeaturesofacceleratednodulesenescence,includingcollapsedvacuoles,rupturedsymbiosomes,andbacteroidsthatarereleasedintothecytosol.Ourdataimplicateanelegantmechanismbywhichlegumescandetectanddefendagainstineffectiverhizobiaevenwhennodulesharboramixofeffectiveandineffectiverhizobialgenotypes.Theevidenceforcellautonomoussanctioningresolvesthedilemmabetweenempiricalevidenceofcoinfectednodulesandthewhole-nodulemodeloflegumesanctions.18SabahUl-Hasan,RobertMBowers,TanjaWoyke,MarkSistromUCMercedSearchingforMicrobesintheUnchartedVenomousTerritoriesofMarineConeSnails Californiconuscalifornicusisoneofover800membersofConidae,afamilyofvenomousmarinegastropods.TheCaliforniaconesnailisaConidaeoutgroupin(1)beingtheonlyspeciesfoundalongtheCalifornia-Bajacoastand(2)exhibitingextremelygeneralistpredatorybehavior.Conidaevenomchemistryandphylogeneticsareextensivelystudied,butsurprisinglylittleisknownaboutC.californicusecologyormicrobeswithinvenomousanimals.Foundacrossthreemarineecoregionsandpossessinganeasilydissectiblevenomduct,C.californicusservesasadynamicmodelforbridgingmacroecologyandmicrobiology.Weaskifmicrobesinfluencevenomproductionintheirhosts,focusingonC.californicusasanunderutilized,cross-disciplinarymodel.Weinitiallyexaminedhostmicrobialcommunityandvenomchemistryvariationinoneofthethreemarineecoregions(PuertoNuevo,MX).DNAwasextractedfromthefoot,hepatopancreas,venomduct,andeggsoffiveanimalsfor16Sand18SiTagsequencing.Animalswerecollectedatanarbitrarycoastalpointduringlowtide,withsecond(0.5km)andthirdlocations(1.5km)northward.Atotaloftwentyanimalswerecollectedforcorrespondingvenomchemistrycharacterization.Water,sediment,andcaptiveC.californicuswerealsosequencedasreferencedcontrols.Wehypothesizemicrobialcommunitiesdifferaccordingtoanatomy,lifestage,medium,timeofday,andyear,butmaintainconservationbetweenindividualsinagivenlocation.A


conservedmicrobialcommunityinthevenomductmayinferpreviouslyunidentifiedsymbioticrelationships,whichweaimtofurtherinvestigateviaantibiotictreatmentsinalaboratorysetting.19ChrisWall,RDGatesHawai'iInstituteofMarineBIology PatternsofSymbiodiniumdiversityinthecoralMontiporacapitatafromshallowreefsoftheremoteNorthwesternHawaiianIslandReefcoralsformsymbioticrelationshipswithadiversityofdinoflagellatesinthegenusSymbiodinium.Thecompositionofacoral’ssymbiontcommunitydiffersaccordingtocoralspecies,geography,andenvironmentalconditions.ThecoralMontiporacapitataisfoundacrosstheHawaiianarchipelagoandassociateswithcladeCSymbiodinium(namely,C31)andD1asymbionts,withthepresenceofthelatteroftencorrelatingwithabioticstress.IntheremoteNorthwesternHawaiianIslands(NWHI)D1ahasbeenreportedatFrenchFrigateShoals,butconstrainedsamplingeffortsandtargeteddepthzones(>10m)haveleftourunderstandingofthedistributionofcoral-hostassemblagesinshallowhabitatsinthisareaincomplete.Toaddressthisgap,weusedqPCRtoexaminetheSymbiodiniumcommunitiesinM.capitata(N=348)collectedat<2-14mdepthfrom40sitesspanning7island/atollsandtestedforthepresenceofcladesA,CandD.CladeCwastheonlysymbiontdetectedin>80%ofcoralsateachsite.CladeDwasobservedincoralsfromFrenchFrigateShoalsandLaysanIsland(4%and11%ofcorals,respectively).CoralsassociatingwithcladeDwereinmixedcommunitieswithcladeCsymbionts,althoughDwasalwaysthedominantmemberwhendetected(89–98%ofthecommunity).Fourteenand20%ofthecoralsfoundinsymbiosiswithcladeCatLisianskiandLaysanIslandrespectively,alsoharboredcladeAsymbionts.CladeAwasalsofoundin2–3%ofcoralsfromKureAtollandMaroReef.OurfindingssupporttheconclusionthatM.capitatahost-symbiontassemblagesthatshowstabilityatgeographicscales,suggestinglocaladaptationofeitherthehostorsymbiont.While,alternativehost-symbiontassemblagesexistinlownumbers,recentenvironmentalchallenges(archipelagicbleaching)atsomesitesmayhaveallowedmoreopportunisticclades(cladesD,A)toinfectcorals.Thestabilityorlongtermimplicationsoftheseassociationsforthehealthofthecoralhostisunknown.20Su'adYoon,JoshHarrison,MatthewForister,AngelaSmilanich UniversityofNevada,Reno Examiningtheroleofmaternalmicrobesintheinsectimmuneresponse:anexampleofwildimmunologyInrecentyears,theburgeoningfieldofecologicalimmunologyhasgainedattentionduetotherealizationamongstbothimmunologistsandecologiststhatimmuneresponseisamajorcomponentoffitnessinnaturalpopulations,andthatvariationinimmuneresponseisoftenlinkedtovariationinecologicalfactors.Broadly,thegoalofecologicalimmunologyistoinvestigatetheinternalandexternalfactorsregulatingimmunefunction,andhowthesefactorsmayaffectthespreadofdiseaseinwildpopulations.Theexaminationofnaturalmicrobiomevariationanditsrelationshiptotheimmunesysteminwildpopulationsalsorepresentsagapinourcurrentknowledgeofecologicalimmunology.Iexaminedtheroleofmaternalmicrobesinmediatingtheimmuneresponseofthespecialistbutterfly,Lycaeidesmelissa.L.melissahascolonizedtheexoticlegumeMedicagosativainthepast200years;L.melissafrequentlyutilizesM.sativathroughoutitsrangedespitethefactthatL.melissalarvaesufferbothreducedsurvivalanddecreasedadultfecundityonthishost,comparedtothenativehostAstragaluscanadensis.Maternaleffectsarewidespreadthroughoutbiology,however,onlyrecentlyhavebiologistsbecomeawareofhowimportantverticallytransmittedmicrobescanbefortheregulationofhealth.Ininsects,afewwell-studiedverticallytransmittedbacteriaareknowntohaveprofoundeffectsonhealthandpathogenresistance.However,whatislesswellunderstoodishowthemicrobialcommunityasawholeaffectsperformanceandimmuneresponse,especiallyinthecontextofnovelhostuse.Inthisstudy,Iconductedacomparativerearingexperimentexamininghostbysiteinteractions,usinggravidadultfemalescollectedfromoneA.canadensissite(WashoeLake,NV)andoneM.sativasite(Verdi,NV).Afteracquiringeggsfromfemalescollectedatthesesites,Iremovedmaternalmicrobesfromtheseeggsusingaseries


ofanti-microbialwashes(PVP-I,contactsolution,anddistilledwater)foreachhostbysitetreatmentgroup,leavingasubsetofunwashedeggsforeachtreatmentasacontrol.Thus,thegoalofthisprojectwastothecomparetherelativeimportanceofmaternalmicrobesversushostplantmicrobesinregulatingtheimmunesystemofL.melissa.Larvaewerereareduntil4thinstarandthenassayedforbothstandingimmuneresponse(prophenoloxidase)andinducedimmuneresponse(melanization).Larvalperformancewasalsomeasuredasfinalweight.Finally,larvaeweresequencedforbacteriausingIlluminaMiSeqsequencingof16SrRNAintheV4region.JuliaN.Adams,SantaFeInstitute,PosterPresenterDanaCarper,UCMerced,AttendeeCarolinFrank,UCMerced,OrganizerHosseinGouran,JGI postdoc,AttendeePaolaSaldiernaGuzman,UCMerced,AttendeeAmandaHale,UCRiverside,PosterPresenterLauraLeger,UCRiverside,PosterPresenterYanLi,Attendee,ChineseAcademyofSciences,PosterPresenterJackieShay,UCMerced,AttendeeAndrewSher,UCSD,AttendeeMicheleWeber,MooreFoundation,AttendeeCamilleWendlandt,UCRiverside,PosterPresenter

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FINAL SCHEDULE 22 April 2017 - Sachs LabFINAL SCHEDULE 22 April 2017 Final Schedule -- 7th Annual Yosemite Symbiosis Workshop – May 6-7th, 2017 SCHEDULE OF INVITED TALKS SATURDAY,