AFMA – Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act ANGOC – Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development ARCs – Agrarian Reform Communities BAS – Bureau of Agricultural Statistics BSWM – Bureau of Soils and Water Management CARP – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program CLOA – Certificate of Land Ownership Award CLSU – Central Luzon State University CLT – Certificate of Land Transfer CSOs – Civil Society Organizations DA – Department of Agriculture DAR - Department of Agrarian Reform DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources DOST – Department of Science and Technology EP – Emancipation Patent FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization FAO-Manila - Food and Agriculture Organization Manila Office FGDs – Focused Group DiscussionsFPA – Fertilizer Pesticide Authority FS – Farming systems FSSRI-UPLB – Farming Systems and Soil Resources Institute, University of the Philippines, Los Baños GAP – Gintong Ani Program GDP – Gross Domestic Product GNP – Gross National Product GO – Government organization GPEP – Grains Production Enhancement Program GVA – Gross Value Added Ha - Hectare HDI – Human Development Index IPM – Integrated Pest Management IRRI – International Rice Research Institute KIIs – Key Informant Interviews LEISA – Low External Input on Sustainable Agriculture LGC – Local Government Code LGU – Local Government Unit MTPDP – Medium Term Philippine Development Plan NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority NFA – National Food Authority NGA – National Grains Authority NGO – Non-government organization NIA – National Irrigation Administration NSCB – National Statistics and Census Board NSO- National Statistics Office NWRB – National Water Resources Board PA 21 – Philppine Agenda 21 PCARRRD – Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development PCSD – Philippine Council for Sustainable Development PhlRICE – Philippine Rice Research Institute PRRM - Philipppine Rural Reconstruction Movement PSC – Project Steering Committee PSSD – Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development RPEP – Rice Productivity Enhancement Program

RT – Research Team SA – Sustainable Agriculture SARD – Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development SARD-FSE - Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development-Farming Systems Evolution SEARCA – South East Asia Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture SFR – Small Farm ReservoirSFS – Selected Farming System STW – Shallow Tube Well SWIP – Small Water Impounding Project UNCED – United Nations Conference on Environment and Development WSSD – World Summit on Sustainable Development

Title Page iPreface iiAcknowledgments Table of Contents ivExecutive Summary Chapter 1 -Organization and Management of the Case Study in the Philippines Brief Project Background Philippine SARD-FSE Project Organization and Management General Research Framework Site Selection Data Sources Selected References for Chapter 1 Chapter 2- Importance of the Rainfed Lowland Rice Base Farming System The Asian Context Philippine Rice Farming in Perspective Rice Self-Sufficiency and Food Security Rainfed Rice Farming and the Task of Poverty Reduction Rainfed Rice Farming and the Environment References for Chapter 2 Chapter 3 SARD Characterization and Diagnosis of the Farming System in the Selected Territory The Policy Context for SARD Defining SARD in the Philippine Context SARD Indicators Brief overview of the Philippine Agricultural and Rural Context The Philippine Economy and Agriculture Selected Environment Factors Affecting the Lowland Agricultural Ecosystem The Territorial Context: Nueva Ecija Province Farming System Level Analysis Farmer Support Services and Local Institutions Socio-economic Factors in Rainfed Rice Base Farming Systems Diagnosis of the Farming System Related to SARD References for Chapter 3

Chapter 4- Factors Influencing the Evolution of the Farming System Evolution and Major Changes of the Farming System in the Country Rice Production Vis-à-vis Government Initiated Support Services Characterization of Factors of Selected Farming Systems Evolution Towards SARD Evolution of Farming System in the Future Summary and Conclusion References for Chapter 4 Chapter 5- Elements of Recommendation for SARD Evolution Annexes

1.1 Stated Commitments under the Philippines SARD-FSE Project

2.1 Rice Yield in Selected Asian Countries 1999-2001

3.1 Listing and Description of the Key Indicators for SARD

3.2 General Land use in the Philippines 3.3 Summary of Projected Population by Five Year Interval, Philippines: 1995-2040 (in thousand/00)

3.4 Poverty in the Philippines, Rural and Urban, 2000

3.5 Incidence of Malnutrition among Children, 1989, 1996 & 1998 Phils.

3.6 Palay Yield, Philippines and Selected Asian Countries in MT/hectare

3.7 Number of Municipalities, Barangays, Persons Affected and the Damage to Agriculture and Infrastructure by some of the Worst Typhoon

3.8 Selected Socio-Economic Indicators for N.E.

3.9 Education in Nueva Ecija

3.10 Programs and Strategies of S & T institutions

3.11 Cooperative in Nueva Ecija 3.12 Summary of Registered Cooperative in Nueva Ecija

3.13 NGO and Civil Society Institutional Description

3.14 Comparative Statistical Profile of Guimba and Talugtug Municipalities

3.15 Evolving Labor Utilization among Rice Based Farmers

3.16 Areas and crops planted in Talugtug, 1998 3.17 Occupational Patterns of Rice Farmer Households in Lowland Irrigated (Bantug, Munoz, Nueva Ecija.

1991)

3.18 Occupational Patterns of Rice Farmer Households in Lowland Rainfed (Rizal, Munoz, Nueva Ecija. 1991)

3.19 Yield Performance of IR 64 and PSB Rc 18 Techno Demo Sites in Nueva Ecija 3.20 Annual Household Income by Source, Selected Farmers in three (3) Selected barangays, Guimba and

Talugtug, Nueva Ecija 2002

3.21 Crops Planted During Wet and Dry Season, Three Crops, Livestock and Poultry in three Study Barangays, Talugtug and Guimba N.E. 2002

4.1 Summary of Statistical Trends in Rice Production and Population vis-à-vis Level of Government Support by Milestone 1900-2000

1.1 Management Structure 1.2 SARD Characterization and Farming System Diagnosis

1.3 Farming System Analysis at Community Level

1.4 Characterization of Factors

1.5 Framework for Selection of Study Sites at Farming Systems Level

2.1 National Rice Production and Utilization Trends 3.1 Map of the Philippines by Region

3.2 Climate Map of the Philippines

3.3a to 3.3d Rainfall Distribution Patterns of Representative Regions with the Different Climate Type

3.4 Map of Nueva Ecija 3.5 Rainfall Pattern in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

3.6 Farmer Shift The Use of Traditional to Modern Varieties Through The Years

3.7 Fertilizer Usage in the Three (3) Study Barangays

3.8 Pesticide Application on Palay Production in the Three (3) Study Sites

3.9 Evolution of Land Tenure in the Three (3) Study Areas 3.10 Labor and Migration Patterns in Rainfed Rice Farming Systems

4.1 Milestone (1910-2000) Rice Production Trends

4.2 (Growth Rates of Rice Production Trends in Growth) Rates for Volume, Area Planted and Yield 1900-2000

4.3 Rice Production in Irrigated and Rainfed Environments, 1970-1998 4.4 Trends in the Distribution of Government Expenditures for Agriculture and the Share of Expenses for

Irrigation Projects.

4.5 Status of NIA Irrigation Facilities and Rice Production, 1964-1998

4.6 Trends in rice production and credit extended to agriculture, 1984-1998 4.7 Rice Production and Fertilizer Consumption, 1956-1995

4.8 Rice Production Using Territorial and Modern Varieties under Rainfed Conditions, 1970-1997. 4.9 Rice Production using Traditional and Modern Varieties under Rainfed Conditions, 1970-1997

4.10 Research and Development Budget vs Gross Value Added of Agriculture 1970-1996 4.11 The Future Scenario of the Rainfed Lowland Rice Farming

1 Case Study Format

2 Researchers Profile

3 Institutional Profile

4 Brief Description of the S & T Institutions 5 Labor Arrangements Practiced in Rice Farming System